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societies domesticated crops and animals and began a farming lifestyle. Childe was the first to synthesize and organize the large volume of new archaeological data in the early-20th century in social terms. Whereas previous archaeologists had concentrated on chronology and technology, Childe applied
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Childe employed two key concepts to organise his discussion: the
Neolithic Revolution and the Urban Revolution. Childe's models for these revolutions largely created the modern understanding of two of the most fundamental and far-reaching transformations in the human
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Any introduction to this issue falls under the long shadow cast by the archaeologist V. Gordon Childe (1892-1957), and his concept of a technologically driven 'Urban
Revolution' in Mesopotamia in the fourth millennium, persuasively presented in
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Each primary producer paid over the tiny surplus he could wring from the soil with his still very limited technical equipment as tithe or tax to a deity or a divine king who thus concentrated the surplus.
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In composition and function the urban population already differed from that of any village … full-time specialist craftsmen, transport workers, merchants, officials and priests.
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brought the concept to a much larger audience. In that paper, he presented a 10-point model for the changes that characterized the urban revolution:
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But naturally priests, civil and military leaders and officials absorbed a major share of the concentrated surplus and thus formed a "ruling class".
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Truly monumental public buildings not only distinguish each known city from any village but also symbolise the concentration of the social surplus.
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In point of size the first cities must have been more extensive and more densely populated than any previous settlements.
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to interpret archaeological finds. Childe first discussed the urban revolution in his 1936 book,
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The
Evolution of Human Societies: From Foraging Group to Agrarian State, Second Edition
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Childe's own work highlighted the urban revolution which he identified as occurring in
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The elaboration of exact and predictive sciences – arithmetic, geometry and astronomy.
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introduced the term "urban revolution" in the 1930s. Childe also coined the term "
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The
Evolution of Urban Society: Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico
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were transformed into large, socially complex, urban societies.
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A state organisation based now on residence rather than kinship.
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Although sometimes interpreted as a model of the origins of
293:. Cities and Technology. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 2.
144:, as well as the major processes involved in the change.
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Process by which villages transform into urban societies
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Chant, Colin; Goodman, David (2005) . "The Near East".
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is the process by which small, kin-based, illiterate
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164:List of oldest continuously inhabited cities
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329:Adams Jr., Robert McCormick (1966).
290:Pre-Industrial Cities and Technology
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169:Cities of the ancient Near East
70:concepts and theories from the
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222:Childe, Vere Gordon (1950).
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405:Liverpool University Press
389:Smith, Michael E. (2009).
317:, first published in 1936.
238:Liverpool University Press
366:Stanford University Press
57:Australian archaeologist
397:The Town Planning Review
230:The Town Planning Review
159:Sociocultural evolution
138:sociocultural evolution
225:"The Urban Revolution"
142:Industrial Revolution
80:Town Planning Review
63:Neolithic Revolution
472:Revolutions by type
413:10.3828/tpr.80.1.2a
337:: Aldine Pub. Co.
203:: Watts & Co.
477:Stages of history
375:978-0-8047-4032-6
315:Man Makes Himself
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180:References
174:Proto-city
421:0041-0020
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429:27715085
407:: 3–29.
362:Stanford
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240:: 3–17.
148:See also
130:urbanism
101:Writing.
53:Overview
47:villages
335:Chicago
306:3 April
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