685:
Make sure there is a space between the URL and the Title. This code results in the URL being hidden and the title showing as a link. Use double apostrophes for the article title (it is quoted text), and two single quote marks either side of the name of the paper (to generate italics). Double square
848:
The above method is simple and combines references and notes into one section. A refinement is to put the full details of the references in their own section headed "References", while the notes which apply to them appear in a separate section headed "Notes". The notes can be inserted in the main
509:
A reference must be accurate, i.e. it must prove the statement in the text. To validate "Mike Brown climbed
Everest", it's no good linking to a page about Everest, if Mike Brown isn't mentioned, nor to one on Mike Brown, if it doesn't say that he climbed Everest. You have to link to a source that
830:
You can then use the short cut as many times as you want. Don't forget the /, or it will blank the rest of the article! A short cut will only pick up from higher up the page, so make sure the first ref is the full one. Some symbols don't work in the ref name, but you'll find out if you use them.
528:
The first thing you have to do is to create a "Notes and references" section (unless it already exists). This goes towards the bottom of the page, below the "See also" section and above the "External links" section. Enter this code:
880:
802:
711:
You can use sources which are not online, but which you have found in a library or elsewhere—in which case leave out the information which is not relevant. The newspaper example above would be formatted like this:
494:
your writing and inform the reader. Any editor can removed unreferenced material; and unsubstantiated articles may end up getting deleted, so when you add something to an article, it's highly advisable to also
801:
You may prefer to use a citation template to compile details of the source. The template goes between the ref tags and you fill out the fields you wish to. Basic templates can be found here:
30:
540:
The next step is to put a reference in the text. Here is the code to do that. It goes at the end of the relevant term, phrase, sentence, or paragraph to which the note refers, and
514:, such as published books, mainstream press, and authorised web sites. Blogs, Myspace, Youtube, fan sites and extreme minority texts are not usually acceptable, nor is
148:
562:
Open the edit box for this page, copy the following text (inserting your own text where indicated), paste it at the bottom of the page and save the page:
192:
686:
brackets round the name of the paper create an internal link (a wikilink) to the relevant wikipedia article. Apostrophes must go outside the brackets.
875:
340:
437:
63:
or using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your username and the date. Finally, please do your best to always fill in the
188:
371:
644:
You need to include the information to enable the reader to find your source. For an online newspaper source, it might look like this:
742:<ref>Charmley, John (2006). ''The Princess and the Politicians'', p.60. Penguin Books Ltd., London. ISBN 0140289712.</ref>
415:
166:
314:
838:
There are 3 sources and they are each referenced 3 times. Each statement in the article has a footnote to show what its source is.
822:
The second time you use the same reference in the article, you need only to create a short cut instead of typing it all out again:
693:
is the date of the newspaper, and the date after "Retrieved on" is the date you accessed the site – useful for searching the
243:
170:
60:
349:
344:
293:
885:
552:
Whatever text you put in between these two tags will become visible in the "Notes and references" section as your reference.
275:
112:
761:
34:
515:
429:
280:
204:
499:
to say where it came from. Referencing may look daunting, but it's easy enough to do. Here's a guide to getting started.
490:
I thought you might find it useful to have some information about references (refs) on wikipedia. These are important to
511:
411:
305:
297:
221:
217:
179:
393:
353:
239:
200:
870:
477:
Help another user by posting this to them. Put {{subst:refstart}} on their talk page or a relevant article talk page.
366:
362:
226:
183:
770:
Make sure you put two single quote marks round the title (to generate italics), rather than one double quote mark.
322:
208:
175:
496:
318:
309:
106:
102:
424:
420:
375:
247:
213:
54:
814:
The first time a reference appears in the article, you can give it a simple name in the <ref> code:
890:
397:
288:
271:
234:
143:
284:
98:
407:
116:
903:
657:
518:(e.g. your own unpublished, or self-published, essay or research), or another wikipedia article.
72:
731:
671:
667:
433:
757:
64:
544:
punctuation such as a full stop, without a space (to prevent separation through line wrap):
483:
358:
230:
138:
698:
716:<ref>Plunkett, John. "Sorrell accuses Murdoch of panic buying", '']'', ].</ref>
134:
46:
401:
491:
899:
678:
Note the single square brackets around the URL and the article title. The format is:
68:
726:
662:
67:
field. Below are some useful links to facilitate your involvement. Happy editing!
881:
Knowledge (XXG):Template messages/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference
803:
Knowledge (XXG):Template messages/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference
697:
in case the link goes dead. Dates are wikilinked so that they work with user
571:
This is the text which you are going to verify with a reference.<ref>
59:
648:<ref>Plunkett, John. , '']'', ]. Retrieved on ].</ref>
834:
You can see multiple use of the same refs in action in the article
548:<ref> </ref>
53:
on your talk page and ask your question there. Please remember to
605:
This is the text which you are going to verify with a reference.
461:
Click on "show" on the right of the orange bar to open contents.
258:
85:
24:
896:
I hope this helps. If you need any assistance, let me know.
724:
Plunkett, John. "Sorrell accuses
Murdoch of panic buying",
694:
37:
to this 💕. If you decide that you need help, check out
854:
850:
835:
818:<ref name=smith>Details of ref here</ref>
701:to display the date in the format the user wishes.
849:article text in an abbreviated form as seen in
510:proves his achievement is true. You must use
8:
876:Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources/example style
780:These formats are all acceptable for dates:
464:
658:"Sorrell accuses Murdoch of panic buying"
41:below, ask me on my talk page, or place
622:
144:Where to ask questions or make comments
7:
886:Knowledge (XXG):Citation templates
866:More information can be found at:
33:to Knowledge (XXG)! Thank you for
14:
589:(End of text to copy and paste.)
906:) 03:54, 26 February 2008 (UTC)
754:The Princess and the Politicians
75:) 03:54, 26 February 2008 (UTC)
58:
20:
738:Here is an example for a book:
149:Request administrator attention
871:Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources
756:. Penguin Books Ltd., London.
746:When uploaded, it appears as:
720:When uploaded, it appears as:
652:When uploaded, it appears as:
1:
193:Biographies of living persons
81:
592:It should appear like this:
469:Using references (citations)
809:Same ref used twice or more
218:Policy for non-free content
189:What Knowledge (XXG) is not
924:
135:Frequently asked questions
57:on talk pages by clicking
891:Knowledge (XXG):Footnotes
630:Reference details go here
573:Reference details go here
853:or in a full form as in
836:William Bowyer (artist).
580:==Notes and references==
533:==Notes and references==
826:<ref name=smith/>
752:Charmley, John (2006).
372:Pages needing attention
158:Policies and guidelines
639:Information to include
706:References not online
523:Inserting a reference
167:Neutral point of view
117:upload and use images
612:Notes and references
486:goes to a help page.
456:Guide to referencing
244:Conflict of interest
171:No original research
861:Further information
699:preference settings
497:include a reference
482:Otherwise the link
350:The perfect article
294:No personal attacks
843:Alternative system
796:Citation templates
566:==Reference test==
488:
479:
421:Join a WikiProject
345:Develop an article
341:Be bold in editing
35:your contributions
911:
910:
855:Brown Dog affair.
851:Harriet Arbuthnot
516:original research
487:
480:
478:
475:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
444:
281:Assume good faith
255:
254:
205:Three-revert rule
80:
79:
29:Hello, Asimicus!
915:
656:Plunkett, John.
632:
627:
512:reliable sources
481:
476:
465:
430:Useful templates
332:Writing articles
306:Community Portal
298:No legal threats
276:Resolve disputes
259:
222:Image use policy
180:Reliable sources
107:Getting mentored
103:Our five pillars
86:
82:
62:
51:
45:
25:
21:
923:
922:
918:
917:
916:
914:
913:
912:
862:
844:
810:
797:
776:
707:
689:The date after
670:. Retrieved on
640:
635:
628:
624:
558:
524:
505:
504:Good references
470:
458:
386:
354:Manual of style
333:
302:
272:Build consensus
264:
240:Deletion policy
201:Manual of Style
197:
159:
127:
91:
90:Getting started
76:
49:
43:
19:
12:
11:
5:
921:
919:
909:
908:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
864:
863:
860:
846:
845:
842:
828:
827:
820:
819:
812:
811:
808:
799:
798:
795:
792:
791:
788:
785:
778:
777:
774:
768:
767:
766:
765:
744:
743:
736:
735:
718:
717:
709:
708:
705:
683:
682:
676:
675:
650:
649:
642:
641:
638:
634:
633:
621:
620:
619:
616:
615:
614:
613:
607:
606:
602:
601:
600:
599:
598:Reference test
587:
586:
582:
581:
577:
576:
568:
567:
560:
559:
556:
550:
549:
538:
537:
534:
526:
525:
522:
507:
506:
503:
472:
471:
468:
457:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
441:
440:
427:
418:
404:
388:
387:
384:
381:
380:
379:
378:
369:
367:Disambiguation
356:
347:
335:
334:
331:
328:
327:
326:
325:
312:
301:
300:
291:
278:
266:
265:
262:
256:
253:
252:
251:
250:
237:
227:External links
224:
211:
196:
195:
186:
184:Citing sources
173:
161:
160:
157:
154:
153:
152:
151:
146:
141:
129:
128:
125:
122:
121:
120:
119:
109:
93:
92:
89:
78:
77:
55:sign your name
28:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
920:
907:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
867:
859:
858:
857:
856:
852:
841:
840:
839:
837:
832:
825:
824:
823:
817:
816:
815:
807:
806:
805:
804:
794:
793:
789:
786:
783:
782:
781:
773:
772:
771:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:
749:
748:
747:
741:
740:
739:
733:
729:
728:
723:
722:
721:
715:
714:
713:
704:
703:
702:
700:
696:
692:
687:
681:
680:
679:
673:
669:
665:
664:
659:
655:
654:
653:
647:
646:
645:
637:
636:
631:
626:
623:
618:
617:
611:
610:
609:
608:
604:
603:
597:
596:
595:
594:
593:
590:
584:
583:
579:
578:
574:
570:
569:
565:
564:
563:
555:
554:
553:
547:
546:
545:
543:
535:
532:
531:
530:
521:
520:
519:
517:
513:
502:
501:
500:
498:
493:
485:
474:
473:
467:
466:
463:
462:
455:
439:
435:
431:
428:
426:
422:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
392:
391:
390:
389:
385:Miscellaneous
383:
382:
377:
373:
370:
368:
364:
360:
357:
355:
351:
348:
346:
342:
339:
338:
337:
336:
330:
329:
324:
323:Mailing lists
320:
316:
313:
311:
307:
304:
303:
299:
295:
292:
290:
286:
282:
279:
277:
273:
270:
269:
268:
267:
263:The community
261:
260:
257:
249:
245:
241:
238:
236:
232:
228:
225:
223:
219:
215:
212:
210:
209:Sock puppetry
206:
202:
199:
198:
194:
190:
187:
185:
181:
177:
176:Verifiability
174:
172:
168:
165:
164:
163:
162:
156:
155:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
136:
133:
132:
131:
130:
124:
123:
118:
114:
110:
108:
104:
100:
97:
96:
95:
94:
88:
87:
84:
83:
74:
70:
66:
61:
56:
52:
48:
40:
36:
32:
27:
26:
23:
22:
16:
898:
895:
865:
847:
833:
829:
821:
813:
800:
779:
769:
753:
745:
737:
727:The Guardian
725:
719:
710:
691:The Guardian
690:
688:
684:
677:
663:The Guardian
661:
651:
643:
629:
625:
591:
588:
575:</ref>
572:
561:
551:
541:
539:
527:
508:
489:
460:
459:
438:User scripts
319:IRC channels
310:Village pump
126:Getting help
65:edit summary
50:}}
44:{{
42:
39:Getting Help
38:
775:Date format
695:web archive
585:{{reflist}}
557:Test it out
536:{{reflist}}
425:Translation
376:Peer review
113:edit a page
762:0140289712
732:2005-10-27
672:2005-10-27
668:2005-10-27
406:Clean up:
402:Talk pages
398:User pages
363:Categories
248:Notability
214:Copyrights
99:A tutorial
416:Vandalism
394:User name
289:Etiquette
235:Vandalism
900:Tyrenius
492:validate
315:Signpost
285:Civility
111:How to:
69:Tyrenius
17:Welcome!
484:WP:REFB
408:General
31:Welcome
760:
47:helpme
542:after
434:Tools
359:Stubs
904:talk
790:], ]
758:ISBN
412:Spam
231:Spam
139:Tips
73:talk
787:] ]
666:,
730:,
660:,
436:•
432:•
423:•
414:-
410:-
400:•
396:•
374:•
365:•
361:•
352:•
343:•
321:•
317:•
308:•
296:•
287:•
283:•
274:•
246:•
242:•
233:•
229:•
220:•
216:•
207:•
203:•
191:•
182:•
178:•
169:•
137:•
115:•
105:•
101:•
902:(
784:]
764:.
734:.
674:.
71:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
