241:
427:
360:
109:
84:
507:- a genetically and ecologically distinct population separated from other populations by their different type of habitat. The local adaptation of a wolf ecotype most likely reflects the wolf's preference to remain in the type of habitat that it was born into. Wolves that prey on fish and small deer in wet, coastal environments tend to be smaller than other wolves.
56:
453:
have indicated that the wolves of coastal southeast Alaska are genetically distinct from inland grey wolves, reflecting a pattern also observed in other taxa. They show a phylogenetic relationship with extirpated wolves from the south (Oklahoma), indicating that these wolves are the last remains of a
466:
proposed by Nowak. Another study found that the wolves of coastal
British Columbia were genetically and ecologically distinct from the inland wolves, including other wolves from inland British Columbia. A study of the three coastal wolves indicated a close phylogenetic relationship across regions
402:
Vancouver Island wolves have a diverse diet, with between 75 and 90 percent of it being sourced from the ocean. A quarter of that is salmon, of which the wolves are documented eating solely the brains of, potentially to avoid a bacterial infection known as "salmon poisoning" which can be fatal to
410:
Along the coast, they will forage for barnacles, clams, mussels, and crabs, digging into the sand with their paws and using powerful jaw muscles to break open shells. They also scavenge whatever has been left behind by the tide, which can include everything from abalone to whale carcasses.
1164:
Schweizer, Rena M.; Robinson, Jacqueline; Harrigan, Ryan; Silva, Pedro; Galverni, Marco; Musiani, Marco; Green, Richard E.; Novembre, John; Wayne, Robert K. (2016). "Targeted capture and resequencing of 1040 genes reveal environmentally driven functional variation in grey wolves".
339:
Vancouver Island wolves measure between 1.2 and 1.5 metres (4 and 5 ft) from nose to tail-tip, and are noticeably lighter than their interior counterparts, weighing between 29 and 40 kilos (65-90lbs), as opposed to the 36 to 68 kilos (80-150lbs) of a mainland
1112:
Schweizer, Rena M.; Vonholdt, Bridgett M.; Harrigan, Ryan; Knowles, James C.; Musiani, Marco; Coltman, David; Novembre, John; Wayne, Robert K. (2016). "Genetic subdivision and candidate genes under selection in North
American grey wolves".
394:
One of the defining features of this subspecies is their movements between islands, in some cases swimming up to 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) between landmasses. These movements are sometimes seasonal, including following the migration of
502:
in North
American grey wolves and found the coastal wolves to be genetically and phenotypically distinct from other wolves. They share the same habitat and prey species, and form one of the study's six identified
535:, was shot and killed on March 24, 2020, by a hunter. His death prompted calls from both the local and international community for changes to the law regarding the hunting of wolves in British Columbia.
906:
Weckworth, Byron V.; Talbot, Sandra; Sage, George K.; Person, David K.; Cook, Joseph (2005). "A Signal for
Independent Coastal and Continental histories among North American wolves".
454:
once widespread group that has been largely extirpated during the last century and that the wolves of northern North
America had originally expanded from southern refuges below the
240:
1291:
1217:
722:
1769:
1799:
426:
781:
1702:
1728:
347:
The colour of their coat ranges between individuals, with varying degrees of reddish-brown, grey, beige, and white fur, though entirely white and
878:
568:
304:. They are a unique subspecies of wolf due to their semi-aquatic lifestyle, which includes a diet that is almost entirely marine-based.
1794:
1784:
1284:
414:
Coastal wolves will also actively hunt marine mammals like otters, seals, and their offspring, as well as terrestrial mammals like
307:
The wolves play important roles in the cultures and spiritual beliefs of local indigenous people, with mythical creatures like the
1804:
806:
499:
757:
1746:
1733:
1277:
31:
831:
1517:
541:
also presents an issue for coastal wolves, especially in places like
Vancouver Island, a prominent tourist destination.
363:
998:"Going Coastal: Shared Evolutionary History between Coastal British Columbia and Southeast Alaska Wolves (Canis lupus)"
538:
1741:
444:
359:
730:
649:
860:
1779:
1535:
472:
1774:
1667:
1304:
293:
249:
596:
344:. As with other wolves, there is a difference in size between the sexes, with males being larger than females.
38:
674:
108:
1055:
Muñoz-Fuentes, Violeta; Darimont, Chris T.; Wayne, Robert K.; Paquet, Paul C.; Leonard, Jennifer A. (2009).
1629:
217:
698:
1589:
1490:
996:
Weckworth, Byron V.; Dawson, Natalie G.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Flamme, Melanie J.; Cook, Joseph A. (2011).
511:
480:
375:
341:
1250:
529:", a male wolf whose uniquely solitary life was heavily documented, including in the 2019 documentary
1689:
1553:
1174:
1122:
1071:
1009:
915:
459:
455:
1608:
856:
73:
1056:
1562:
1198:
1146:
1087:
939:
257:
103:
868:
1676:
1571:
1419:
1225:
1190:
1138:
1037:
931:
894:
884:
874:
564:
531:
450:
415:
301:
558:
1182:
1130:
1079:
1027:
1017:
973:
923:
383:
324:
1789:
1508:
64:
378:. Owing to their propensity as strong swimmers, they also inhabit several islands in the
1178:
1126:
1075:
1013:
919:
1580:
1410:
1401:
1032:
997:
522:
1763:
1526:
1441:
1083:
927:
864:
526:
495:
93:
88:
17:
1202:
1091:
943:
782:"Scat, tracks, and spawning salmon: following signs of wolves along the south coast"
1681:
1544:
1481:
1383:
1150:
431:
320:
1022:
467:
that are geographically and ecologically contiguous, and the study proposed that
1715:
1661:
1472:
1450:
1392:
1374:
1251:"Cry Wolf: Human Behaviour Once Again Endangers the Wolves of Vancouver Island"
1269:
379:
1652:
1229:
525:
puts on
Vancouver Island wolves was brought to international attention when "
1334:
978:
961:
888:
650:"Rock Art Blog: Wasgo/Gonakadet – Sea Wolves of the Pacific Northwest Coast"
624:
312:
308:
194:
160:
120:
1194:
1142:
1041:
935:
1218:"Canada mourns Takaya – the lone sea wolf whose spirit captured the world"
1057:"Ecological factors drive differentiation in wolves from British Columbia"
1646:
1598:
1322:
504:
348:
297:
140:
560:
Wolves of the World: Perspectives of
Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation
1707:
1340:
487:(Vancouver Island wolf) should be recognized as a single subspecies of
404:
316:
170:
55:
1720:
1186:
1134:
1328:
1316:
396:
371:
328:
150:
130:
1623:
462:. These findings call into question the taxonomic classification of
1347:
873:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 575–577.
425:
358:
180:
962:"Phylogeography of wolves (Canis lupus) in the Pacific Northwest"
870:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
374:, down along the coast of British Columbia, including within the
1694:
1354:
1301:
960:
Weckworth, Byron V.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Cook, Joseph A. (2010).
1627:
1273:
1428:
807:"Mini Documentary profiles Coastal Wolves on Vancouver Island"
895:
https://books.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA576
699:"The Wolf: A Brief Encounter, Vancouver Island | BaldHiker"
438:
The
Vancouver Island wolf is recognized as a subspecies of
758:"The amazing sea wolves of the Great Bear Rainforest"
1636:
1463:
1365:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
991:
989:
955:
953:
723:"Meet the Rare Swimming Wolves That Eat Seafood"
1285:
8:
370:Vancouver Island wolves range from southern
458:after the ice had melted at the end of the
1624:
1292:
1278:
1270:
239:
82:
54:
45:
1031:
1021:
977:
832:"Where wolves live on Vancouver Island"
549:
399:, one of their preferred food sources.
7:
752:
750:
748:
717:
715:
619:
617:
591:
589:
587:
366:, part of the Great Bear Rainforest.
1770:IUCN Red List least concern species
648:Faris, Peter (25 September 2018).
494:In 2016, two studies compared the
351:individuals are seen on occasion.
25:
1800:Endemic fauna of British Columbia
786:Raincoast Conservation Foundation
679:Biodiversity of the Central Coast
629:Raincoast Conservation Foundation
1084:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02067.x
928:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02461.x
248:Historical and present range of
107:
1249:MacKinnon, J. B. (2017-10-23).
729:. 3 August 2016. Archived from
500:single nucleotide polymorphisms
430:A Vancouver Island wolf in the
1518:Northern Rocky Mountain wolf (
1:
1216:Cecco, Leyland (2020-03-27).
32:Islands wolf (disambiguation)
1536:Alexander Archipelago wolf (
1500:Vancouver Coastal Sea wolf (
1023:10.1371/journal.pone.0019582
675:"Coastal wolf • Canis lupus"
382:, including their namesake,
364:Kitlope Heritage Conservancy
601:Discovervancouverisland.com
557:Fred H. Harrington (1982).
512:Wolf population differences
445:Mammal Species of the World
442:in the taxonomic authority
63:A Vancouver Island wolf in
1821:
509:
473:Alexander Archipelago wolf
331:, being inspired by them.
36:
29:
1795:Mammals described in 1932
1785:Subspecies of Canis lupus
1311:
266:Canis crassodon crassodon
263:
256:
247:
238:
223:
216:
104:Scientific classification
102:
80:
71:
62:
53:
48:
1491:British Columbian wolf (
867:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
654:Rockartblog.blogspot.com
39:Seawolf (disambiguation)
1805:Endemic fauna of Canada
1590:Alaskan Interior wolf (
1064:Journal of Biogeography
979:10.1644/09-MAMM-A-036.1
563:. Noyes. pp. 54–.
539:Human-wildlife conflict
477:Canis lupus columbianus
294:subspecies of grey wolf
27:Subspecies of carnivore
1554:Mackenzie River wolf (
435:
367:
276:Vancouver Island wolf,
49:Vancouver Island wolf
1668:Canis lupus crassodon
1638:Canis lupus crassodon
1609:Alaskan tundra wolf (
762:canadiangeographic.ca
485:Canis lupus crassodon
481:British Columbia wolf
429:
422:Taxonomy and genetics
376:Great Bear Rainforest
362:
342:British Columbia wolf
289:Canis lupus crassodon
227:Canis lupus crassodon
18:Vancouver Island wolf
1563:Baffin Island wolf (
966:Journal of Mammalogy
460:Last Glacial Maximum
456:Wisconsin glaciation
300:to the coast of the
250:grey wolf subspecies
209:C. l. crassodon
37:For other uses, see
30:For other uses, see
1605:(taxonomy disputed)
1572:Northwestern wolf (
1179:2016MolEc..25..357S
1127:2016MolEc..25..380S
1076:2009JBiog..36.1516M
1014:2011PLoSO...619582W
920:2005MolEc..14..917W
727:National Geographic
309:Gonakadet and Wasgo
74:Conservation status
1574:C. l. occidentalis
733:on October 1, 2019
523:commercial hunting
469:Canis lupus ligoni
436:
368:
311:, found among the
278:also known as the
252:in North America.
1780:Mammals of Canada
1757:
1756:
1630:Taxon identifiers
1621:
1620:
1592:C. l. pambasileus
1529:C. l. labradorius
1509:Hudson Bay wolf (
1493:C. l. columbianus
1187:10.1111/mec.13467
1167:Molecular Ecology
1135:10.1111/mec.13364
1115:Molecular Ecology
908:Molecular Ecology
880:978-0-8018-8221-0
861:"Order Carnivora"
857:Wozencraft, W. C.
570:978-0-8155-0905-9
532:Takaya: Lone Wolf
451:mitochondrial DNA
416:black-tailed deer
302:Pacific Northwest
272:
271:
97:
16:(Redirected from
1812:
1775:Vancouver Island
1750:
1749:
1737:
1736:
1724:
1723:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1625:
1581:Greenland wolf (
1511:C. l. hudsonicus
1431:C. l. familiaris
1411:Himalayan wolf (
1402:Mongolian wolf (
1395:C. l. campestris
1294:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1109:
1096:
1095:
1070:(8): 1516–1531.
1061:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1025:
993:
984:
983:
981:
957:
948:
947:
903:
897:
892:
853:
847:
846:
844:
843:
828:
822:
821:
819:
818:
803:
797:
796:
794:
793:
778:
772:
771:
769:
768:
754:
743:
742:
740:
738:
719:
710:
709:
707:
706:
695:
689:
688:
686:
685:
671:
665:
664:
662:
660:
645:
639:
638:
636:
635:
625:"Coastal wolves"
621:
612:
611:
609:
607:
593:
582:
581:
579:
577:
554:
449:. Studies using
384:Vancouver Island
325:British Columbia
243:
229:
112:
111:
91:
86:
85:
58:
46:
21:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1611:C. l. tundrarum
1556:C. l. mackenzii
1527:Labrador wolf (
1520:C. l. irremotus
1502:C. l. crassodon
1465:
1459:
1442:Eurasian wolf (
1367:
1361:
1307:
1298:
1268:
1259:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1234:
1232:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1049:
995:
994:
987:
959:
958:
951:
905:
904:
900:
881:
855:
854:
850:
841:
839:
830:
829:
825:
816:
814:
805:
804:
800:
791:
789:
780:
779:
775:
766:
764:
756:
755:
746:
736:
734:
721:
720:
713:
704:
702:
697:
696:
692:
683:
681:
673:
672:
668:
658:
656:
647:
646:
642:
633:
631:
623:
622:
615:
605:
603:
595:
594:
585:
575:
573:
571:
556:
555:
551:
547:
519:
514:
424:
392:
357:
337:
234:
231:
225:
212:
198:
106:
98:
87:
83:
76:
65:Clayoquot Sound
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1673:
1658:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1606:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1565:C. l. manningi
1560:
1551:
1545:Eastern wolf (
1542:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1482:Mexican wolf (
1479:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:C. l. pallipes
1448:
1439:
1429:Domestic dog (
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1384:Arabian wolf (
1381:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1267:
1266:
1241:
1208:
1156:
1121:(1): 380–402.
1097:
1047:
985:
972:(2): 363–375.
949:
898:
879:
848:
836:Times Colonist
823:
798:
773:
744:
711:
690:
666:
640:
613:
583:
569:
548:
546:
543:
518:
515:
423:
420:
391:
388:
356:
353:
336:
333:
270:
269:
261:
260:
254:
253:
245:
244:
236:
235:
232:
221:
220:
218:Trinomial name
214:
213:
206:
204:
200:
199:
192:
190:
186:
185:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
100:
99:
81:
78:
77:
72:
69:
68:
60:
59:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1817:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1484:C. l. baileyi
1480:
1478:
1476:
1473:Arctic wolf (
1471:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1451:Indian wolf (
1449:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1435:C. familiaris
1432:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1393:Steppe wolf (
1391:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1375:Tundra wolf (
1373:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1173:(1): 357–79.
1172:
1168:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:(5): e19582.
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
990:
986:
980:
975:
971:
967:
963:
956:
954:
950:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
914:(4): 917–31.
913:
909:
902:
899:
896:
890:
886:
882:
876:
872:
871:
866:
865:Wilson, D. E.
862:
858:
852:
849:
837:
833:
827:
824:
812:
808:
802:
799:
787:
783:
777:
774:
763:
759:
753:
751:
749:
745:
732:
728:
724:
718:
716:
712:
700:
694:
691:
680:
676:
670:
667:
655:
651:
644:
641:
630:
626:
620:
618:
614:
602:
598:
592:
590:
588:
584:
572:
566:
562:
561:
553:
550:
544:
542:
540:
536:
534:
533:
528:
524:
521:The pressure
516:
513:
508:
506:
501:
497:
496:DNA sequences
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
461:
457:
452:
448:
446:
441:
433:
428:
421:
419:
417:
412:
408:
406:
400:
398:
389:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
365:
361:
354:
352:
350:
345:
343:
334:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
285:
281:
277:
268:
267:
262:
259:
255:
251:
246:
242:
237:
230:
228:
222:
219:
215:
211:
210:
205:
202:
201:
197:
196:
195:C. lupus
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
110:
105:
101:
95:
90:
89:Least Concern
79:
75:
70:
66:
61:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
1637:
1610:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1547:C. l. lycaon
1546:
1538:C. l. ligoni
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1492:
1483:
1475:C. l. arctos
1474:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1413:C. l. chanco
1412:
1404:C. l. chanco
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1355:
1346:
1258:. Retrieved
1254:
1244:
1233:. Retrieved
1222:The Guardian
1221:
1211:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1118:
1114:
1067:
1063:
1050:
1005:
1001:
969:
965:
911:
907:
901:
869:
851:
840:. Retrieved
838:. 2020-10-11
835:
826:
815:. Retrieved
813:. 2021-01-13
810:
801:
790:. Retrieved
788:. 2021-10-22
785:
776:
765:. Retrieved
761:
735:. Retrieved
731:the original
726:
703:. Retrieved
701:. 2013-09-11
693:
682:. Retrieved
678:
669:
657:. Retrieved
653:
643:
632:. Retrieved
628:
604:. Retrieved
600:
574:. Retrieved
559:
552:
537:
530:
520:
517:Conservation
493:
488:
484:
476:
468:
464:C.l. nulibus
463:
443:
439:
437:
432:Comox Valley
413:
409:
401:
393:
369:
346:
338:
306:
288:
287:
283:
280:coastal wolf
279:
275:
273:
265:
264:
226:
224:
208:
207:
203:Subspecies:
193:
181:
43:
1716:iNaturalist
1662:Wikispecies
1601:C. l. rufus
1583:C. l. orion
1444:C. l. lupus
1422:C. l. dingo
1386:C. l. arabs
1377:C. l. albus
659:19 February
606:19 February
576:29 December
489:Canis lupus
440:Canis lupus
335:Description
323:peoples of
1764:Categories
1599:Red wolf (
1466:subspecies
1368:subspecies
1305:subspecies
1260:2023-08-16
1235:2023-08-16
842:2023-08-15
817:2023-08-15
792:2023-08-15
767:2023-08-16
705:2023-08-15
684:2023-08-15
634:2023-08-15
545:References
510:See also:
498:of 42,000
380:Salish Sea
349:melanistic
233:Hall, 1932
1464:New World
1366:Old World
1353:Species:
1335:Carnivora
1315:Kingdom:
1302:gray wolf
1230:0261-3077
737:5 October
390:Behaviour
313:Tsimshian
189:Species:
161:Carnivora
127:Kingdom:
121:Eukaryota
1747:14000750
1647:Wikidata
1339:Family:
1329:Mammalia
1323:Chordata
1321:Phylum:
1317:Animalia
1255:The Tyee
1203:17798894
1195:26562361
1143:26333947
1092:38788935
1042:21573241
1002:PLOS ONE
944:12896064
936:15773925
889:62265494
859:(2005).
597:"Wolves"
505:ecotypes
284:sea wolf
258:Synonyms
167:Family:
151:Mammalia
141:Chordata
137:Phylum:
131:Animalia
117:Domain:
94:IUCN 3.1
1708:6164195
1695:1265659
1653:Q928291
1420:Dingo (
1345:Genus:
1341:Canidae
1333:Order:
1327:Class:
1300:Extant
1175:Bibcode
1151:7808556
1123:Bibcode
1072:Bibcode
1033:3087762
1010:Bibcode
916:Bibcode
483:), and
317:Tlingit
298:endemic
292:) is a
177:Genus:
171:Canidae
157:Order:
147:Class:
92: (
1790:Wolves
1734:726819
1721:547190
1228:
1201:
1193:
1149:
1141:
1090:
1040:
1030:
942:
934:
887:
877:
567:
527:Takaya
447:(2005)
405:canids
397:salmon
372:Alaska
329:Alaska
319:, and
1682:5G6ZG
1356:lupus
1348:Canis
1199:S2CID
1147:S2CID
1088:S2CID
1060:(PDF)
940:S2CID
863:. In
355:Range
321:Haida
182:Canis
1729:ITIS
1703:GBIF
1226:ISSN
1191:PMID
1139:PMID
1038:PMID
932:PMID
893:url=
885:OCLC
875:ISBN
811:CHEK
739:2019
661:2022
608:2022
578:2012
565:ISBN
327:and
274:The
1742:MSW
1690:EoL
1677:CoL
1433:or
1183:doi
1131:doi
1080:doi
1028:PMC
1018:doi
974:doi
924:doi
475:),
282:or
1766::
1744::
1731::
1718::
1705::
1692::
1679::
1664::
1649::
1253:.
1224:.
1220:.
1197:.
1189:.
1181:.
1171:25
1169:.
1145:.
1137:.
1129:.
1119:25
1117:.
1100:^
1086:.
1078:.
1068:36
1066:.
1062:.
1036:.
1026:.
1016:.
1004:.
1000:.
988:^
970:91
968:.
964:.
952:^
938:.
930:.
922:.
912:14
910:.
883:.
834:.
809:.
784:.
760:.
747:^
725:.
714:^
677:.
652:.
627:.
616:^
599:.
586:^
491:.
418:.
407:.
386:.
315:,
296:,
67:.
1613:)
1603:)
1594:)
1585:)
1576:)
1567:)
1558:)
1549:)
1540:)
1531:)
1522:)
1513:)
1504:)
1495:)
1486:)
1477:)
1455:)
1446:)
1437:)
1424:)
1415:)
1406:)
1397:)
1388:)
1379:)
1293:e
1286:t
1279:v
1263:.
1238:.
1205:.
1185::
1177::
1153:.
1133::
1125::
1094:.
1082::
1074::
1044:.
1020::
1012::
1006:6
982:.
976::
946:.
926::
918::
891:.
845:.
820:.
795:.
770:.
741:.
708:.
687:.
663:.
637:.
610:.
580:.
479:(
471:(
434:.
286:(
96:)
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
