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Vespasian's Camp

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516: 187: 157: 392: 38: 617: 603: 194: 164: 681: 571: 665: 633: 649: 555: 539: 523: 587: 709:, England. The WHS covers two large areas of land separated by nearly 30 miles (48 km), rather than a specific monument or building. The sites were inscribed as co-listings in 1986. A number of large and well known monuments lie within the WHS, but the area also has an exceptionally high density of small-scale 424:
which might have been part of a seasonal lake. There is a one metre (40-inch) thick layer of domestic waste that suggests the hill had a considerable population after the banks were constructed. Occupation of the site spanned the period from 6250 to 4700 BCE. It has been suggested that the hill may
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as "the most important discovery at Stonehenge in many years". The struck flint tools were in pristine condition, sharp enough to cut the fingers of some of the excavators, and it is believed that the layer may extend several hundred metres further. The archaeologist Carly Hilts states:
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Aligned from north to south, the hillfort is 730 m (800 yd) long and 374 m (409 yd) wide at its southern end, narrowing to 100 m (110 yd) wide at the north. It encloses an area of some 14 ha (35 acres). The
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and others for the Duke of Queensberry. However, documentary research showed that the hillfort had escaped most of the landscaping, and excavations began in 2005, concentrating on an area just north-east of Vespasian's Camp known as
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The location of Vespasian's Camp Iron Age hillfort in relation to West Amesbury, Amesbury Abbey and the modern town of Amesbury shown on a six inches to the mile OS map of Wiltshire, England published in
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It occupies a strong defensive position. There are two original entrances, one on the north and the other probably to the south-east, just north of the point where Stonehenge Road cuts through the camp.
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During road-widening in 1964, the main western rampart was partly uncovered. It had been assumed that most of the archaeology had been lost during the 18th-century landscaping of the area by
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and paths were constructed and substantial tree planting was carried out. The A303 road was cut through the northern section of the hill in the 1970s, just below the northernmost bank.
1103: 186: 484:, a significant haul given that only five had previously been found in the whole Salisbury Plain landscape. Virtually all of these tools are in pristine condition. 1096: 2570: 156: 504:, and as a centre for tool-making. An unusual form of Mesolithic domestic site was also found: a semi-permanent site for families called a "homebase". 2540: 2565: 368: 262: 64: 356:
bank up to 18 m (20 yd) wide on the outside of the ditch, creating a maximum width of the hillfort's defences of 68 m (74 yd).
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Mark Bowden, 2016: Stonehenge Southern WHS project: Vespasian's Camp, Amesbury Wiltshire: Analytical Earthwork Survey, Report Number 49/2017
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separates the southern part of the site from the rest of the hillfort. During the 18th century, the hillfort was landscaped as part of the
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Further work in 2010 uncovered a 12 cm (4.7 in) layer of Mesolithic material including 10,000 pieces of struck
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Historic England Research digital magazine issue 6, "Vespasian's Camp" pp 29–33 – article by Mark Bowden
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period. More than 700 individual archaeological features have been identified. There are 160 separate
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Boundary and key sites for the Stonehenge section of the Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site
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in 43 CE, there is no evidence to suggest he came to this hillfort or had any military base here.
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is up to 40 m (44 yd) wide and up to 6 m (6.6 yd) high above the
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representing all stages of the production process. We have also recovered three
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These thousands of tools include an impressive range of implements, from
269: 226: 222: 1459: 1454: 1007:"Open University Student Discovery Changes Understanding of Stonehenge" 851:"Vespasian's Camp and the extent of its eighteenth century landscaping" 501: 492:, a material not found in the area. A possible source could be a slate 233:, England. The hillfort is less than 3 kilometres (2 mi) from the 699: 454: 376: 328: 1067:
Discoveries at Vespasian’s Camp, near Stonehenge, Wiltshire, 2005–12
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The earthworks were named "Vespasian's Camp" in the 16th century by
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and over 300 pieces of animal bone, a find described by Professor
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bottom. The ditch is up to 10 m (11 yd) wide with a low
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Young, Christpher; Chadburn, Amanda; Bedu, Isabelle (2009).
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and historian, during a tour of the area. Although the
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The first finds were tools ranging as far back as the
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Stonehenge World Heritage Site Management Plan 2009
881: 879: 877: 875: 873: 871: 753: 110: 102: 90: 80: 70: 60: 47: 26: 921: 443: 698:Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites is a 1097: 172:Location of Vespasian's Camp in Wiltshire 8: 909: 823:"Amesbury Abbey (park and garden) (1000469)" 193: 163: 42:North-western inner bank of Vespasian's Camp 21: 363:A road constructed over the hilltop in the 1104: 1090: 1082: 36: 20: 962:"Vespasian's Camp: Cradle of Stonehenge" 457:, to notched tools (perhaps for cutting 65:Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites 735: 16:Iron Age hillfort in Wiltshire, England 897: 429:during the later part of this period. 261:and lies within the boundaries of the 245:, and was built on a hill next to the 1062:Amesbury Excavation – Open University 885: 327:from 69 to 79 CE, campaigned through 201:Vespasian's Camp (the United Kingdom) 101: 89: 79: 69: 59: 46: 7: 257:on its northern edge. The site is a 1057:English Heritage geophysical survey 990:National Heritage List for England 828:National Heritage List for England 798:National Heritage List for England 794:"Gay's Cave and Diamond (1131081)" 14: 2571:Archaeological sites in Wiltshire 773:from the original on 10 June 2011 425:have been part of the Stonehenge 2541:Sites associated with Stonehenge 679: 663: 647: 631: 615: 601: 585: 569: 553: 537: 521: 514: 488:One tool was made out of worked 416:. What had been thought to be a 192: 185: 162: 155: 2566:World Heritage Sites in England 922:Young, Chadburn & Bedu 2009 268:Other hillforts nearby include 939:Cooper-White, Macrina (2014). 754:Historic England & 1012126 263:Stonehenge World Heritage Site 204:Show map of the United Kingdom 1: 2551:Bronze Age sites in Wiltshire 2153:Cadbury Castle, South Cadbury 2107:Caer Caradoc, Church Stretton 1113:Iron Age hillforts in England 253:on its southern side and the 2546:Stone Age sites in Wiltshire 1034:. London: English Heritage. 985:"Vespasian's Camp (1012126)" 2158:King's Castle, Wiveliscombe 76:Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii) 2587: 508:UNESCO World Heritage Site 29:UNESCO World Heritage Site 2556:Iron Age sites in England 2112:Caer Caradog, Chapel Lawn 333:Roman invasion of Britain 225:just west of the town of 149: 35: 855:University of Buckingham 713:, particularly from the 2561:Hill forts in Wiltshire 1005:Hutton, Lauren (2011). 849:Jacques, David (2014). 767:"The Megalithic Portal" 387:Archaeological research 624:Normanton Down Barrows 486: 397: 960:Hilts, Carly (2013). 947:. The Huffington Post 465:to make baskets) and 453:for working bone and 394: 176:Show map of Wiltshire 2215:Kinver Edge Hillfort 1771:St. Catherine's Hill 711:archaeological sites 22:Vespasian's Camp 2282:Thundersbarrow Hill 1756:Old Winchester Hill 1011:The Open University 966:Current Archaeology 719:scheduled monuments 703:World Heritage Site 130: /  23: 1726:Hamble Common Camp 1648:Greater Manchester 1582:Hollingbury Castle 792:Historic England. 398: 371:'s grounds around 369:Duke of Queensbury 259:scheduled monument 2528: 2527: 2404:Liddington Castle 2257:Chanctonbury Ring 2019:Rainsborough Camp 1878:Wilbury Hill Camp 1496:Chalbury Hillfort 1476:Abbotsbury Castle 1272:Kelsborrow Castle 1220:Desborough Castle 1194:Kings Weston Hill 1168:Perborough Castle 1041:978-1-84802-041-2 910:Cooper-White 2014 705:(WHS) located in 687:King Barrow Ridge 402:Charles Bridgeman 247:Stonehenge Avenue 213: 212: 2578: 2465:Berrow Hill Camp 2439:Vespasian's Camp 2429:Scratchbury Camp 2334:Battlesbury Camp 2076:Uffington Castle 2002:Northamptonshire 1786:Whitsbury Castle 1731:King John's Hill 1711:Frankenbury Camp 1655:Mellor hill fort 1603:Ambresbury Banks 1536:Lambert's Castle 1318:Castallack Round 1158:Grimsbury Castle 1106: 1099: 1092: 1083: 1045: 1033: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1001: 999: 997: 981:Historic England 976: 974: 972: 956: 954: 952: 925: 919: 913: 907: 901: 895: 889: 883: 866: 865: 863: 861: 846: 840: 839: 837: 835: 819:Historic England 815: 809: 808: 806: 804: 789: 783: 782: 780: 778: 763: 757: 751: 688: 683: 674: 667: 658: 651: 642: 635: 626: 619: 610: 609:Vespasian's Camp 605: 596: 589: 580: 578:Durrington Walls 573: 564: 557: 548: 541: 532: 525: 518: 427:ritual landscape 323:, who was later 284:to the west and 216:Vespasian's Camp 205: 196: 195: 189: 177: 166: 165: 159: 145: 144: 142: 141: 140: 135: 134:51.174°N 1.793°W 131: 128: 127: 126: 123: 40: 30: 24: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2576: 2575: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2453: 2449:Yarnbury Castle 2444:Winkelbury 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1840: 1838: 1837:Garmsley Camp 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1807:Aconbury Camp 1805: 1804: 1802: 1800:Herefordshire 1798: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1781:Toothill Fort 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1761:Oram's Arbour 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1686:Caesar's Camp 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1671:Ashleys Copse 1669: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1634:Kimsbury Camp 1632: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1614: 1613:Loughton Camp 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1561:Woodbury Hill 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1546:Maiden Castle 1544: 1542: 1541:Lewesdon Hill 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1516:Eggardon Hill 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1506:Dudsbury Camp 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1491:Buzbury Rings 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1481:Badbury Rings 1479: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1418:Warbstow Bury 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1403:Trereen Dinas 1401: 1399: 1398:Trencrom Hill 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1277:Maiden Castle 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1153:Caesar's Camp 1151: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1127:Mowsbury Hill 1125: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1043: 1037: 1030: 1029: 1023: 1012: 1008: 1003: 992: 991: 986: 982: 978: 967: 963: 958: 946: 942: 937: 936: 931: 924:, p. 22. 923: 918: 915: 911: 906: 903: 899: 894: 891: 887: 882: 880: 878: 876: 874: 872: 868: 856: 852: 845: 842: 830: 829: 824: 820: 814: 811: 799: 795: 788: 785: 772: 768: 762: 759: 755: 750: 748: 746: 744: 742: 740: 736: 729: 724: 722: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 701: 682: 673: 666: 657: 656:Lesser Cursus 650: 641: 634: 625: 618: 604: 595: 588: 579: 572: 563: 556: 547: 540: 531: 524: 517: 507: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 485: 483: 482:tranchet axes 479: 476: 472: 469:, as well as 468: 464: 461:or stripping 460: 456: 452: 448: 442: 439: 435: 430: 428: 423: 419: 418:water feature 415: 410: 408: 403: 393: 386: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 361: 357: 355: 351: 347: 338: 336: 334: 330: 326: 325:Roman emperor 322: 318: 314: 311: 307: 299: 297: 295: 291: 287: 286:Figsbury Ring 283: 279: 275: 272:to the east, 271: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 249:; it has the 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 221: 217: 188: 158: 148: 143: 115: 113: 109: 105: 97: 93: 86: 83: 75: 73: 66: 63: 55: 52: 50: 39: 34: 31: 25: 19: 2500:Hanbury Hill 2495:Gadbury Bank 2480:British Camp 2438: 2434:Sidbury Hill 2409:Membury Camp 2399:Knook Castle 2389:Fosbury Camp 2359:Castle Rings 2132:Old Oswestry 2122:Coxall Knoll 2097:Bury Ditches 2092:Bayston Hill 2035:Castle Knowe 2009:Borough Hill 1962:Holkham Camp 1899:Oldbury Camp 1894:Bigbury Camp 1873:Arbury Banks 1852:Sutton Walls 1832:Dinedor Camp 1827:Croft Ambrey 1817:British Camp 1812:Brandon Camp 1776:Tidbury Ring 1766:Quarley Hill 1706:Dunwood Camp 1587:Mount Caburn 1511:Dungeon Hill 1486:Banbury Hill 1434:Carrock Fell 1408:Treryn Dinas 1353:Kelly Rounds 1343:Dodman Point 1189:Clifton Camp 1173:Walbury Camp 1163:Membury Camp 1148:Bussock Camp 1132:Maiden Bower 1120:Bedfordshire 1027: 1014:. Retrieved 1010: 994:. Retrieved 988: 969:. Retrieved 965: 949:. Retrieved 944: 932:Bibliography 917: 905: 893: 858:. Retrieved 854: 844: 832:. Retrieved 826: 813: 801:. Retrieved 797: 787: 775:. Retrieved 761: 697: 487: 444: 431: 411: 399: 362: 358: 354:counterscarp 342: 303: 274:Sidbury Hill 267: 215: 214: 18: 2475:Bredon Hill 2470:Berry Mound 2308:Castle Hill 2287:The Trundle 2250:West Sussex 2210:Castle Ring 2117:Caus Castle 2054:Oxfordshire 1967:Warham Camp 1925:Warton Crag 1915:Castercliff 1857:Wapley Hill 1847:Poston Camp 1822:Capler Camp 1721:Gorley Hill 1691:Castle Hill 1629:Cleeve Hill 1608:Danish Camp 1575:East Sussex 1566:Woolsbarrow 1551:Pilsdon Pen 1439:Castle Crag 1373:Maen Castle 1358:Kelsey Head 1338:Chûn Castle 1333:Castle Goff 1328:Castle Dore 1308:Cadson Bury 1267:Helsby Hill 1236:Stonea Camp 898:Hutton 2011 715:prehistoric 498:North Wales 438:Tim Darvill 365:Middle Ages 339:Description 313:antiquarian 310:Elizabethan 294:Ogbury Camp 137: / 112:Coordinates 94:1986 (10th 91:Inscription 2535:Categories 2369:Chiselbury 2200:Berth Hill 2195:Berry Ring 2137:The Wrekin 2127:Nordy Bank 2102:Bury Walls 2085:Shropshire 1908:Lancashire 1741:Ladle Hill 1736:Knoll Camp 1448:Derbyshire 1363:Lescudjack 1303:Black Head 1016:25 October 996:24 October 971:24 October 951:25 October 886:Hilts 2013 562:The Avenue 530:Stonehenge 447:microliths 414:Mesolithic 407:Blick Mead 331:after the 251:River Avon 243:Stonehenge 239:Bronze Age 122:51°10′26″N 103:Extensions 85:373bis-001 2414:Old Sarum 2384:Cley Hill 2344:Bury Camp 2317:Wiltshire 2205:Bury Bank 2179:Wincobank 2174:Carl Wark 1983:Eston Nab 1920:Portfield 1716:The Frith 1681:Bury Hill 1664:Hampshire 1639:Uley Bury 1393:The Rumps 1388:Rame Head 1313:Caer Bran 1262:Eddisbury 1141:Berkshire 730:Citations 707:Wiltshire 594:Woodhenge 321:Vespasian 290:Old Sarum 255:A303 road 235:Neolithic 231:Wiltshire 125:1°47′35″W 81:Reference 56:, England 54:Wiltshire 2490:Drakelow 2364:Chisbury 2146:Somerset 1791:Woolbury 1701:Danebury 1531:Hod Hill 1296:Cornwall 1250:Cheshire 945:HuffPost 771:Archived 478:debitage 475:knapping 467:scrapers 319:general 270:Danebury 241:site of 227:Amesbury 223:hillfort 220:Iron Age 72:Criteria 49:Location 1950:Norfolk 1460:Mam Tor 1455:Fin Cop 1427:Cumbria 1282:Oakmere 1257:Bradley 1182:Bristol 777:5 April 502:aurochs 300:Toponym 96:Session 61:Part of 2224:Surrey 1469:Dorset 1038:  860:4 June 834:4 June 803:4 June 700:UNESCO 546:Cursus 459:sinews 455:antler 451:burins 422:spring 377:grotto 329:Wessex 218:is an 1596:Essex 1032:(PDF) 725:Notes 490:slate 471:cores 434:flint 396:1901. 381:vista 350:ditch 317:Roman 308:, an 1887:Kent 1036:ISBN 1018:2019 998:2019 973:2019 953:2019 862:2021 836:2021 805:2021 779:2008 473:and 463:bark 375:. A 346:bank 288:and 276:and 237:and 106:2008 265:. 2537:: 1009:. 987:. 983:. 964:. 943:. 870:^ 853:. 825:. 821:. 796:. 769:. 738:^ 409:. 379:, 229:, 1105:e 1098:t 1091:v 1044:. 1020:. 1000:. 975:. 955:. 912:. 900:. 888:. 864:. 838:. 807:. 781:. 756:. 98:)

Index

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Location
Wiltshire
Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites
Criteria
373bis-001
Session
Coordinates
51°10′26″N 1°47′35″W / 51.174°N 1.793°W / 51.174; -1.793
Vespasian's Camp is located in Wiltshire
Vespasian's Camp is located in the United Kingdom
Iron Age
hillfort
Amesbury
Wiltshire
Neolithic
Bronze Age
Stonehenge
Stonehenge Avenue
River Avon
A303 road
scheduled monument
Stonehenge World Heritage Site
Danebury
Sidbury Hill
Casterley Camp
Yarnbury Castle
Figsbury Ring
Old Sarum

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