516:
187:
157:
392:
38:
617:
603:
194:
164:
681:
571:
665:
633:
649:
555:
539:
523:
587:
709:, England. The WHS covers two large areas of land separated by nearly 30 miles (48 km), rather than a specific monument or building. The sites were inscribed as co-listings in 1986. A number of large and well known monuments lie within the WHS, but the area also has an exceptionally high density of small-scale
424:
which might have been part of a seasonal lake. There is a one metre (40-inch) thick layer of domestic waste that suggests the hill had a considerable population after the banks were constructed. Occupation of the site spanned the period from 6250 to 4700 BCE. It has been suggested that the hill may
440:
as "the most important discovery at
Stonehenge in many years". The struck flint tools were in pristine condition, sharp enough to cut the fingers of some of the excavators, and it is believed that the layer may extend several hundred metres further. The archaeologist Carly Hilts states:
343:
Aligned from north to south, the hillfort is 730 m (800 yd) long and 374 m (409 yd) wide at its southern end, narrowing to 100 m (110 yd) wide at the north. It encloses an area of some 14 ha (35 acres). The
404:
and others for the Duke of
Queensberry. However, documentary research showed that the hillfort had escaped most of the landscaping, and excavations began in 2005, concentrating on an area just north-east of Vespasian's Camp known as
500:. If this is the source it implies that, hundreds of years before Stonehenge, this may have been a "special place to gather". Evidence suggests that the area around the spring was used for large feasts, including the consumption of
515:
395:
The location of
Vespasian's Camp Iron Age hillfort in relation to West Amesbury, Amesbury Abbey and the modern town of Amesbury shown on a six inches to the mile OS map of Wiltshire, England published in
359:
It occupies a strong defensive position. There are two original entrances, one on the north and the other probably to the south-east, just north of the point where
Stonehenge Road cuts through the camp.
400:
During road-widening in 1964, the main western rampart was partly uncovered. It had been assumed that most of the archaeology had been lost during the 18th-century landscaping of the area by
383:
and paths were constructed and substantial tree planting was carried out. The A303 road was cut through the northern section of the hill in the 1970s, just below the northernmost bank.
1103:
186:
484:, a significant haul given that only five had previously been found in the whole Salisbury Plain landscape. Virtually all of these tools are in pristine condition.
1096:
2570:
156:
504:, and as a centre for tool-making. An unusual form of Mesolithic domestic site was also found: a semi-permanent site for families called a "homebase".
2540:
2565:
368:
262:
64:
356:
bank up to 18 m (20 yd) wide on the outside of the ditch, creating a maximum width of the hillfort's defences of 68 m (74 yd).
1071:
2230:
1685:
2550:
1089:
940:
118:
2545:
1039:
1077:
Mark Bowden, 2016: Stonehenge
Southern WHS project: Vespasian's Camp, Amesbury Wiltshire: Analytical Earthwork Survey, Report Number 49/2017
367:
separates the southern part of the site from the rest of the hillfort. During the 18th century, the hillfort was landscaped as part of the
2555:
1770:
1347:
1152:
989:
827:
1302:
2560:
1992:
1322:
984:
822:
793:
770:
48:
1987:
2157:
1056:
961:
432:
Further work in 2010 uncovered a 12 cm (4.7 in) layer of
Mesolithic material including 10,000 pieces of struck
2034:
1956:
1628:
1112:
496:, though there are none known to exist in the vicinity; or the slate could have been carried from the nearest source in
111:
721:, covering 415 items or features. Vespasian's Camp lies near the eastern boundary of the southern section of the site.
1872:
2111:
27:
1066:
2307:
332:
2423:
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2152:
1836:
95:
1026:
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345:
273:
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1690:
623:
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372:
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2178:
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1131:
1072:
Historic
England Research digital magazine issue 6, "Vespasian's Camp" pp 29–33 – article by Mark Bowden
466:
349:
717:
period. More than 700 individual archaeological features have been identified. There are 160 separate
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693:
Boundary and key sites for the
Stonehenge section of the Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site
602:
380:
71:
335:
in 43 CE, there is no evidence to suggest he came to this hillfort or had any military base here.
1919:
1725:
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718:
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293:
258:
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2489:
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2018:
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246:
296:, 3 miles (5 km) to the south, may have been a satellite enclosure of Vespasian's Camp.
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2013:
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417:
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is up to 40 m (44 yd) wide and up to 6 m (6.6 yd) high above the
324:
285:
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2008:
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1342:
1188:
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538:
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353:
316:
37:
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2209:
2116:
1966:
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1856:
1846:
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1550:
1438:
1372:
1357:
1332:
1327:
1307:
1235:
1081:
497:
480:
representing all stages of the production process. We have also recovered three
470:
449:, backed blades (used for making knives, arrows and other composite tools), and
364:
312:
309:
2368:
2199:
2194:
2136:
2126:
2101:
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1735:
714:
529:
522:
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242:
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133:
120:
2413:
2383:
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1982:
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1638:
1392:
1387:
1312:
706:
593:
586:
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320:
289:
254:
234:
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84:
53:
2484:
2363:
1790:
1700:
1530:
477:
474:
445:
These thousands of tools include an impressive range of implements, from
269:
226:
222:
1459:
1454:
1007:"Open University Student Discovery Changes Understanding of Stonehenge"
851:"Vespasian's Camp and the extent of its eighteenth century landscaping"
501:
492:, a material not found in the area. A possible source could be a slate
233:, England. The hillfort is less than 3 kilometres (2 mi) from the
699:
454:
376:
328:
1067:
Discoveries at
Vespasian’s Camp, near Stonehenge, Wiltshire, 2005–12
304:
The earthworks were named "Vespasian's Camp" in the 16th century by
489:
458:
436:
and over 300 pieces of animal bone, a find described by
Professor
433:
390:
352:
bottom. The ditch is up to 10 m (11 yd) wide with a low
941:"New Stonehenge Discovery Hailed As "Most Important in 60 Years""
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
1085:
1025:
Young, Christpher; Chadburn, Amanda; Bedu, Isabelle (2009).
315:
and historian, during a tour of the area. Although the
412:
The first finds were tools ranging as far back as the
2457:
2316:
2300:
2249:
2223:
2187:
2166:
2145:
2084:
2053:
2027:
2001:
1975:
1949:
1933:
1907:
1886:
1865:
1799:
1663:
1647:
1621:
1595:
1574:
1468:
1447:
1426:
1295:
1249:
1228:
1202:
1181:
1140:
1119:
1028:
Stonehenge World Heritage Site Management Plan 2009
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
753:
110:
102:
90:
80:
70:
60:
47:
26:
921:
443:
698:Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites is a
1097:
172:Location of Vespasian's Camp in Wiltshire
8:
909:
823:"Amesbury Abbey (park and garden) (1000469)"
193:
163:
42:North-western inner bank of Vespasian's Camp
21:
363:A road constructed over the hilltop in the
1104:
1090:
1082:
36:
20:
962:"Vespasian's Camp: Cradle of Stonehenge"
457:, to notched tools (perhaps for cutting
65:Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites
735:
16:Iron Age hillfort in Wiltshire, England
897:
429:during the later part of this period.
261:and lies within the boundaries of the
245:, and was built on a hill next to the
1062:Amesbury Excavation – Open University
885:
327:from 69 to 79 CE, campaigned through
201:Vespasian's Camp (the United Kingdom)
101:
89:
79:
69:
59:
46:
7:
257:on its northern edge. The site is a
1057:English Heritage geophysical survey
990:National Heritage List for England
828:National Heritage List for England
798:National Heritage List for England
794:"Gay's Cave and Diamond (1131081)"
14:
2571:Archaeological sites in Wiltshire
773:from the original on 10 June 2011
425:have been part of the Stonehenge
2541:Sites associated with Stonehenge
679:
663:
647:
631:
615:
601:
585:
569:
553:
537:
521:
514:
488:One tool was made out of worked
416:. What had been thought to be a
192:
185:
162:
155:
2566:World Heritage Sites in England
922:Young, Chadburn & Bedu 2009
268:Other hillforts nearby include
939:Cooper-White, Macrina (2014).
754:Historic England & 1012126
263:Stonehenge World Heritage Site
204:Show map of the United Kingdom
1:
2551:Bronze Age sites in Wiltshire
2153:Cadbury Castle, South Cadbury
2107:Caer Caradoc, Church Stretton
1113:Iron Age hillforts in England
253:on its southern side and the
2546:Stone Age sites in Wiltshire
1034:. London: English Heritage.
985:"Vespasian's Camp (1012126)"
2158:King's Castle, Wiveliscombe
76:Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)
2587:
508:UNESCO World Heritage Site
29:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2556:Iron Age sites in England
2112:Caer Caradog, Chapel Lawn
333:Roman invasion of Britain
225:just west of the town of
149:
35:
855:University of Buckingham
713:, particularly from the
2561:Hill forts in Wiltshire
1005:Hutton, Lauren (2011).
849:Jacques, David (2014).
767:"The Megalithic Portal"
387:Archaeological research
624:Normanton Down Barrows
486:
397:
960:Hilts, Carly (2013).
947:. The Huffington Post
465:to make baskets) and
453:for working bone and
394:
176:Show map of Wiltshire
2215:Kinver Edge Hillfort
1771:St. Catherine's Hill
711:archaeological sites
22:Vespasian's Camp
2282:Thundersbarrow Hill
1756:Old Winchester Hill
1011:The Open University
966:Current Archaeology
719:scheduled monuments
703:World Heritage Site
130: /
23:
1726:Hamble Common Camp
1648:Greater Manchester
1582:Hollingbury Castle
792:Historic England.
398:
371:'s grounds around
369:Duke of Queensbury
259:scheduled monument
2528:
2527:
2404:Liddington Castle
2257:Chanctonbury Ring
2019:Rainsborough Camp
1878:Wilbury Hill Camp
1496:Chalbury Hillfort
1476:Abbotsbury Castle
1272:Kelsborrow Castle
1220:Desborough Castle
1194:Kings Weston Hill
1168:Perborough Castle
1041:978-1-84802-041-2
910:Cooper-White 2014
705:(WHS) located in
687:King Barrow Ridge
402:Charles Bridgeman
247:Stonehenge Avenue
213:
212:
2578:
2465:Berrow Hill Camp
2439:Vespasian's Camp
2429:Scratchbury Camp
2334:Battlesbury Camp
2076:Uffington Castle
2002:Northamptonshire
1786:Whitsbury Castle
1731:King John's Hill
1711:Frankenbury Camp
1655:Mellor hill fort
1603:Ambresbury Banks
1536:Lambert's Castle
1318:Castallack Round
1158:Grimsbury Castle
1106:
1099:
1092:
1083:
1045:
1033:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1001:
999:
997:
981:Historic England
976:
974:
972:
956:
954:
952:
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913:
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901:
895:
889:
883:
866:
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861:
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839:
837:
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819:Historic England
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809:
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804:
789:
783:
782:
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778:
763:
757:
751:
688:
683:
674:
667:
658:
651:
642:
635:
626:
619:
610:
609:Vespasian's Camp
605:
596:
589:
580:
578:Durrington Walls
573:
564:
557:
548:
541:
532:
525:
518:
427:ritual landscape
323:, who was later
284:to the west and
216:Vespasian's Camp
205:
196:
195:
189:
177:
166:
165:
159:
145:
144:
142:
141:
140:
135:
134:51.174°N 1.793°W
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
40:
30:
24:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2453:
2449:Yarnbury Castle
2444:Winkelbury Camp
2374:Chisenbury Camp
2312:
2296:
2245:
2219:
2183:
2167:South Yorkshire
2162:
2141:
2080:
2071:Hardwell Castle
2061:Blewburton Hill
2049:
2023:
1997:
1976:North Yorkshire
1971:
1945:
1929:
1903:
1882:
1861:
1795:
1659:
1643:
1622:Gloucestershire
1617:
1591:
1570:
1521:Flower's Barrow
1464:
1443:
1422:
1383:Prideaux Castle
1323:Castle an Dinas
1291:
1245:
1241:Wandlebury Ring
1224:
1215:Cholesbury Camp
1210:Boddington Camp
1203:Buckinghamshire
1198:
1177:
1136:
1115:
1110:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1031:
1024:
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993:
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566:
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560:
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542:
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533:
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510:
494:glacial erratic
420:was an ancient
389:
341:
302:
282:Yarnbury Castle
209:
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199:
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28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2553:
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2533:
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2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2510:Midsummer Hill
2507:
2505:Headless Cross
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2485:Conderton Camp
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2458:Worcestershire
2455:
2454:
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2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Ringsbury Camp
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2394:Grovely Castle
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Clearbury Ring
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2354:Casterley Camp
2351:
2349:Castle Ditches
2346:
2341:
2339:Bratton Castle
2336:
2331:
2329:Barbury Castle
2326:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2301:West Yorkshire
2298:
2297:
2295:
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2279:
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2272:Harting Beacon
2269:
2267:Goosehill Camp
2264:
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2068:
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2045:Yeavering Bell
2042:
2040:Humbleton Hill
2037:
2031:
2029:
2028:Northumberland
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
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1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
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1957:Bloodgate Hill
1953:
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1943:
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1934:Leicestershire
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1788:
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1778:
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1768:
1763:
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1751:Norsebury Ring
1748:
1746:Lockerley Camp
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1696:Chilworth Ring
1693:
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1678:
1676:Buckland Rings
1673:
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1556:Poundbury Hill
1553:
1548:
1543:
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1533:
1528:
1526:Hambledon Hill
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
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1501:Coney's Castle
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1413:Trevelgue Head
1410:
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1400:
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1385:
1380:
1378:Padderbury Top
1375:
1370:
1368:Lesingey Round
1365:
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1355:
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1348:Giant's Castle
1345:
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1325:
1320:
1315:
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1287:Woodhouse Hill
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1229:Cambridgeshire
1226:
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1223:
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2500:Hanbury Hill
2495:Gadbury Bank
2480:British Camp
2438:
2434:Sidbury Hill
2409:Membury Camp
2399:Knook Castle
2389:Fosbury Camp
2359:Castle Rings
2132:Old Oswestry
2122:Coxall Knoll
2097:Bury Ditches
2092:Bayston Hill
2035:Castle Knowe
2009:Borough Hill
1962:Holkham Camp
1899:Oldbury Camp
1894:Bigbury Camp
1873:Arbury Banks
1852:Sutton Walls
1832:Dinedor Camp
1827:Croft Ambrey
1817:British Camp
1812:Brandon Camp
1776:Tidbury Ring
1766:Quarley Hill
1706:Dunwood Camp
1587:Mount Caburn
1511:Dungeon Hill
1486:Banbury Hill
1434:Carrock Fell
1408:Treryn Dinas
1353:Kelly Rounds
1343:Dodman Point
1189:Clifton Camp
1173:Walbury Camp
1163:Membury Camp
1148:Bussock Camp
1132:Maiden Bower
1120:Bedfordshire
1027:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:
994:. Retrieved
988:
969:. Retrieved
965:
949:. Retrieved
944:
932:Bibliography
917:
905:
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858:. Retrieved
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832:. Retrieved
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801:. Retrieved
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775:. Retrieved
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354:counterscarp
342:
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274:Sidbury Hill
267:
215:
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18:
2475:Bredon Hill
2470:Berry Mound
2308:Castle Hill
2287:The Trundle
2250:West Sussex
2210:Castle Ring
2117:Caus Castle
2054:Oxfordshire
1967:Warham Camp
1925:Warton Crag
1915:Castercliff
1857:Wapley Hill
1847:Poston Camp
1822:Capler Camp
1721:Gorley Hill
1691:Castle Hill
1629:Cleeve Hill
1608:Danish Camp
1575:East Sussex
1566:Woolsbarrow
1551:Pilsdon Pen
1439:Castle Crag
1373:Maen Castle
1358:Kelsey Head
1338:Chûn Castle
1333:Castle Goff
1328:Castle Dore
1308:Cadson Bury
1267:Helsby Hill
1236:Stonea Camp
898:Hutton 2011
715:prehistoric
498:North Wales
438:Tim Darvill
365:Middle Ages
339:Description
313:antiquarian
310:Elizabethan
294:Ogbury Camp
137: /
112:Coordinates
94:1986 (10th
91:Inscription
2535:Categories
2369:Chiselbury
2200:Berth Hill
2195:Berry Ring
2137:The Wrekin
2127:Nordy Bank
2102:Bury Walls
2085:Shropshire
1908:Lancashire
1741:Ladle Hill
1736:Knoll Camp
1448:Derbyshire
1363:Lescudjack
1303:Black Head
1016:25 October
996:24 October
971:24 October
951:25 October
886:Hilts 2013
562:The Avenue
530:Stonehenge
447:microliths
414:Mesolithic
407:Blick Mead
331:after the
251:River Avon
243:Stonehenge
239:Bronze Age
122:51°10′26″N
103:Extensions
85:373bis-001
2414:Old Sarum
2384:Cley Hill
2344:Bury Camp
2317:Wiltshire
2205:Bury Bank
2179:Wincobank
2174:Carl Wark
1983:Eston Nab
1920:Portfield
1716:The Frith
1681:Bury Hill
1664:Hampshire
1639:Uley Bury
1393:The Rumps
1388:Rame Head
1313:Caer Bran
1262:Eddisbury
1141:Berkshire
730:Citations
707:Wiltshire
594:Woodhenge
321:Vespasian
290:Old Sarum
255:A303 road
235:Neolithic
231:Wiltshire
125:1°47′35″W
81:Reference
56:, England
54:Wiltshire
2490:Drakelow
2364:Chisbury
2146:Somerset
1791:Woolbury
1701:Danebury
1531:Hod Hill
1296:Cornwall
1250:Cheshire
945:HuffPost
771:Archived
478:debitage
475:knapping
467:scrapers
319:general
270:Danebury
241:site of
227:Amesbury
223:hillfort
220:Iron Age
72:Criteria
49:Location
1950:Norfolk
1460:Mam Tor
1455:Fin Cop
1427:Cumbria
1282:Oakmere
1257:Bradley
1182:Bristol
777:5 April
502:aurochs
300:Toponym
96:Session
61:Part of
2224:Surrey
1469:Dorset
1038:
860:4 June
834:4 June
803:4 June
700:UNESCO
546:Cursus
459:sinews
455:antler
451:burins
422:spring
377:grotto
329:Wessex
218:is an
1596:Essex
1032:(PDF)
725:Notes
490:slate
471:cores
434:flint
396:1901.
381:vista
350:ditch
317:Roman
308:, an
1887:Kent
1036:ISBN
1018:2019
998:2019
973:2019
953:2019
862:2021
836:2021
805:2021
779:2008
473:and
463:bark
375:. A
346:bank
288:and
276:and
237:and
106:2008
265:.
2537::
1009:.
987:.
983:.
964:.
943:.
870:^
853:.
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796:.
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738:^
409:.
379:,
229:,
1105:e
1098:t
1091:v
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912:.
900:.
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864:.
838:.
807:.
781:.
756:.
98:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.