183:
and other dependents and modifiers that are typical of verbs; however, that verb phrase then plays the role of an attributive adjective in the larger sentence. In the following examples, the attributive verb is bolded, and the verb phrase acting as the attributive adjective is shown in italics.
770:
The attributive verb formation is the usual way of forming relatives in
Luganda when the antecedent is the subject of the subordinate verb, and is sometimes called the "subject relative". Relative pronouns do exist, but they are only used for "object relatives", i.e. relative clauses where the
571:, although grammatically correct, is perceived to be too polite and paraphrastic. As such, modern Japanese verbs commonly have the same form both in their predicative and attributive usage. Historically, however, these had been separate forms, which is still the case in languages such as
1473:
218:
Deverbal adjectives often have the same form as (and similar meaning to) the participles, but behave grammatically purely as adjectives — they do not take objects, for example, as a verb might. For example:
161:
As mentioned above, verb forms that are used attributively in
English are often called verbal adjectives, or in some cases deverbal adjectives (if they no longer behave grammatically as verbs).
910:
70:, although those of the latter type (those that behave grammatically like ordinary adjectives, with no verb-like features) may be distinguished as
368:, predicative verbs come at the end of the clause, after the nouns, while attributive verbs come before the noun. These are mostly equivalent to
364:
Japanese allows attributive finite verbs, and the following characteristics of
Japanese are common among verb-final languages. For example, in
347:
903:
1745:
1563:
663:, meaning "blue", effectively functions both as an adjective and as well descriptive verb, without changes in inflection:
1555:
550:
1255:
1074:
971:
896:
66:— as well as certain verb-derived words that function as ordinary adjectives. All words of these types may be called
941:
300:. Verbal and deverbal adjectives can often also be used as predicate (rather than attributive) adjectives, as in
1665:
1165:
1477:
986:
800:
653:, and that none of them have relative pronouns. They also do not have a clear distinction between verbs and
1611:
1438:
1347:
259:
708:, attributive verbs are formed by the addition of the "pre-prefix" (or "initial vowel"). For example, in
1682:
1573:
1568:
1545:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1307:
1100:
936:
785:
40:
1687:
1621:
1453:
1410:
1312:
1175:
1135:
546:
1468:
1771:
1448:
1095:
44:
1634:
1601:
1527:
1512:
1497:
1487:
1400:
1395:
1385:
1180:
1110:
1105:
542:
142:
1591:
1517:
1492:
1415:
1280:
1225:
1195:
1155:
365:
1629:
1522:
1502:
1352:
1317:
1235:
576:
373:
359:
180:
118:
1537:
1458:
1420:
1405:
1285:
1275:
1190:
1185:
1125:
991:
961:
705:
572:
369:
150:
122:
55:
54:(and in most European languages), verb forms that can be used attributively are typically
51:
860:
888:
1719:
1677:
1639:
1541:
1270:
1260:
1250:
1145:
1140:
1120:
1115:
1044:
919:
1765:
1644:
1596:
1463:
1443:
1322:
1240:
1220:
1170:
1150:
1130:
328:
169:
1733:
1707:
1697:
1670:
1532:
1265:
1230:
1205:
1160:
981:
790:
332:
851:. Although some of these words could arguably be nouns, that is not the case with
1390:
1200:
1079:
1040:
1005:
996:
320:
176:
126:
17:
1750:
1649:
1606:
1583:
1507:
1342:
1245:
1215:
1210:
1064:
1059:
966:
956:
946:
780:
650:
165:
63:
59:
1740:
1702:
1482:
1299:
1054:
1000:
976:
654:
1729:
1724:
262:
adjectives are formed using the plain infinitive form of the verb, as in
137:. Here, the function of an attributive adjective is played by the phrase
1714:
1430:
1035:
951:
709:
74:. An example of a verbal adjective with verb-like features is the word
1692:
1377:
1069:
1049:
324:
308:. Deverbal adjectives may form further derivatives, such as adverbs (
346:
For more details of the usage of some of the above verb forms, see
1015:
928:
237:
Sometimes deverbal adjectives additionally take prefixes, as in
36:
32:
892:
106:, it behaves here entirely like an ordinary adjective such as
741:
This is similar to the behaviour of attributive adjectives:
164:
The truly "verbal" adjectives are non-finite verb forms:
683:
667:
658:
649:
Notice that both of these languages have a verb-final
597:
586:
566:
560:
554:
331:). Deverbal nouns may also be used attributively, as
90:
functions like an attributive adjective in modifying
1658:
1620:
1582:
1554:
1429:
1376:
1298:
1088:
1023:
1014:
927:
771:antecedent is the object of the subordinate verb.
94:). An example of a deverbal adjective is the word
873:
871:
882:(3 ed.). Sampson Low, Marston. p. 121.
43:, rather than express an independent idea as a
904:
766:are rich" (i.e. "the rich men") (attributive)
753:
745:
724:
716:
657:in their modern usage. For example, the word
632:
617:
284:. Occasionally they are finite verb phrases:
8:
579:, as illustrated by the following examples:
35:that modifies (expresses an attribute of) a
606:
82:(it behaves as a verb in taking an object,
1020:
911:
897:
889:
175:. These act as verbs in that they form a
360:Japanese grammar § Attributive form
811:
541:Japanese attributive verbs inflect for
102:; although it is derived from the verb
820:Introduction to the Grammar of English
133:might translate, word-for-word, into
7:
859:, which use attributive nouns. See
372:in English; Japanese does not have
348:Uses of non-finite verbs in English
233:parties should apply to the office.
129:attributively. In such a language,
750:, "The men are rich" (predicative)
553:. For example, the polite form of
168:(present and past), and sometimes
100:That was a very interesting speech
80:The man wearing a hat is my father
25:
880:A Handbook of Colloquial Japanese
857:no-flight zone, no-loss guarantee
117:However, some languages, such as
878:Chamberlain, Basil Hall (1898).
306:The cat was sitting on the fence
86:, although the resulting phrase
319:English has analogous types of
721:, "The men walk" (predicative)
1:
545:as shown above, and also for
530:yesterday walked that person
456:yesterday that person walked
684:
668:
659:
598:
587:
567:
561:
555:
508:
497:
484:
471:
431:
417:
406:
395:
1788:
1746:Syntax–semantics interface
357:
1166:Exceptional case-marking
609:"The wind that is cold")
801:Reduced relative clause
972:Initial-stress-derived
853:fly, stick, lose, bake
754:
746:
725:
717:
633:
618:
549:, but usually not for
505:
494:
479:
468:
425:
414:
403:
392:
327:and infinitives — and
323:(truly verbal kinds —
208:This is a great place
1483:Inclusive / Exclusive
793:(also referred to as
786:Attributive adjective
358:Further information:
302:The game was exciting
131:the man wearing a hat
41:attributive adjective
822:, CUP, 1984, p. 100.
582:Classical Japanese:
562:hito ga arukimashita
547:grammatical polarity
149:. This is a kind of
39:in the manner of an
1363:Relative subsective
1256:Regular / Irregular
1101:Andative / Venitive
937:Abstract / Concrete
818:Rodney Huddleston,
737:walk" (attributive)
205:is not my favorite.
145:by the finite verb
135:the wears a hat man
72:deverbal adjectives
922:and their features
920:Lexical categories
831:Further examples:
718:Abasajja batambula
594:"The wind is cold"
543:grammatical aspect
179:, possibly taking
1759:
1758:
1564:Casally modulated
1469:Formal / Informal
1358:Pure intersective
1308:Anti-intersective
1294:
1293:
1241:Preterite-present
841:no-lose situation
605:"The cold wind" (
568:arukimashita hito
449:Kinō ano hito-ga
374:relative pronouns
68:verbal adjectives
16:(Redirected from
1779:
1338:Non-intersective
1021:
913:
906:
899:
890:
884:
883:
875:
866:
845:no-rinse shampoo
829:
823:
816:
795:attributive noun
761:
749:
747:Abasajja bagagga
732:
720:
690:
675:
662:
640:
624:
608:
604:
593:
570:
564:
558:
370:relative clauses
78:in the sentence
29:attributive verb
21:
18:Verbal adjective
1787:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1654:
1616:
1578:
1550:
1478:Gender-specific
1425:
1372:
1290:
1176:Germanic strong
1084:
1010:
923:
917:
887:
877:
876:
869:
864:: No what zone?
849:no-bake cookies
830:
826:
817:
813:
809:
777:
706:Bantu languages
702:
700:Bantu languages
565:, but the form
539:
514:
503:
492:
477:
465:
440:
423:
412:
401:
362:
356:
159:
151:relative clause
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1722:
1720:Procedure word
1717:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1678:Complementizer
1675:
1674:
1673:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1474:Gender-neutral
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1439:Bound variable
1435:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Ambitransitive
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1003:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
933:
931:
925:
924:
918:
916:
915:
908:
901:
893:
886:
885:
867:
824:
810:
808:
805:
804:
803:
798:
788:
783:
776:
773:
768:
767:
751:
739:
738:
722:
701:
698:
697:
696:
681:
647:
646:
630:
611:
610:
595:
556:hito ga aruita
504:
493:
478:
467:
466:
424:
413:
402:
391:
390:
355:
352:
329:deverbal nouns
235:
234:
228:
223:It was a very
216:
215:
206:
196:
158:
155:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1784:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Interrogative
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:Interrogative
1600:
1598:
1597:Demonstrative
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1546:Prepositional
1543:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1533:Strong / Weak
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:Interrogative
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:Demonstrative
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:Prepositional
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:Interrogative
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Demonstrative
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:Germanic weak
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:Frequentative
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:Autocausative
1109:
1107:
1106:Anticausative
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:Transgressive
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1002:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
930:
926:
921:
914:
909:
907:
902:
900:
895:
894:
891:
881:
874:
872:
868:
865:
863:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:non-stick pan
834:
828:
825:
821:
815:
812:
806:
802:
799:
796:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
774:
772:
765:
760:
758:
752:
748:
744:
743:
742:
736:
731:
729:
723:
719:
715:
714:
713:
711:
707:
699:
694:
689:
687:
682:
679:
674:
672:
666:
665:
664:
661:
656:
652:
644:
639:
637:
631:
628:
623:
622:
616:
615:
614:
603:
601:
596:
592:
591:
585:
584:
583:
580:
578:
574:
569:
563:
557:
552:
548:
544:
538:
536:
531:
528:
526:
521:
519:
513:
510:
507:
502:
499:
496:
491:
488:
487:
483:
482:
476:
473:
470:
464:
462:
457:
454:
452:
447:
445:
439:
436:
434:
430:
428:
422:
419:
416:
411:
408:
405:
400:
397:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
361:
353:
351:
349:
344:
342:
340:
334:
333:noun adjuncts
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
314:interestingly
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
291:
289:
283:
281:
276:
274:
269:
267:
261:
257:
255:
250:
248:
243:
241:
232:
229:
226:
222:
221:
220:
213:
212:
207:
204:
202:
197:
194:
192:
187:
186:
185:
182:
178:
174:
172:
167:
162:
156:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:wearing a hat
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
1734:Pro-sentence
1708:Onomatopoeia
1698:Interjection
1671:Measure word
1454:Distributive
1348:Postpositive
1328:Intersective
1281:Unaccusative
1226:Performative
1196:Intransitive
1156:Ditransitive
1030:
982:Noun adjunct
879:
862:Language Log
861:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
819:
814:
794:
791:Noun adjunct
769:
763:
756:
740:
734:
727:
703:
692:
685:
677:
670:
648:
642:
635:
626:
620:
612:
599:
589:
581:
540:
537:yesterday...
534:
533:That person
532:
529:
524:
522:
517:
515:
511:
500:
489:
485:
480:
474:
460:
459:That person
458:
455:
450:
448:
443:
441:
437:
432:
426:
420:
409:
398:
385:
381:
377:
363:
345:
338:
336:
321:verbal nouns
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
295:
293:
287:
285:
279:
278:
272:
271:
265:
263:
253:
252:
246:
245:
239:
238:
236:
230:
224:
217:
210:
209:
200:
199:
193:on the fence
190:
189:
173:-infinitives
170:
163:
160:
146:
138:
134:
130:
127:finite verbs
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
49:
28:
26:
1683:Conjunction
1449:Disjunctive
1386:Conjunctive
1333:Nominalized
1236:Predicative
1080:Verbal noun
1031:Attributive
833:no-fly list
762:, "The men
733:, "The men
641:, "The man
625:, "The man
341:competition
254:meat-eating
177:verb phrase
166:participles
141:, which is
139:wears a hat
125:, can use
104:to interest
96:interesting
64:infinitives
60:participles
1772:Verb types
1751:Yes and no
1666:Classifier
1650:Possessive
1612:Quantifier
1607:Possessive
1584:Determiner
1556:Adposition
1528:Resumptive
1513:Reciprocal
1508:Possessive
1488:Indefinite
1416:Pronominal
1368:Subsective
1343:Possessive
1313:Collateral
1286:Unergative
1276:Transitive
1191:Inchoative
1186:Impersonal
1126:Catenative
1065:Participle
1060:Infinitive
992:Relational
962:Collective
942:Adjectival
855:. Compare
807:References
781:Participle
669:Sora (ga)
655:adjectives
651:word order
619:Adam şiir
551:politeness
535:who walked
463:yesterday.
231:Interested
198:The actor
56:non-finite
1741:Prop-word
1703:Ideophone
1630:Discourse
1569:Inflected
1518:Reflexive
1493:Intensive
1300:Adjective
1271:Stretched
1261:Separable
1251:Reflexive
1146:Denominal
1141:Defective
1121:Captative
1116:Auxiliary
1055:Gerundive
1045:Nonfinite
967:Countable
755:Abasajja
730:batambula
726:Abasajja
676:"The sky
643:who reads
613:Turkish:
475:yesterday
442:昨日 あの 人が
399:yesterday
310:excitedly
280:take-away
203:the prize
45:predicate
1766:Category
1730:Pro-verb
1725:Pro-form
1622:Particle
1574:Stranded
1523:Relative
1503:Personal
1421:Relative
1406:Locative
1396:Genitive
1221:Negative
1151:Deponent
1131:Compound
775:See also
527:ano hito
366:Japanese
354:Japanese
339:swimming
335:, as in
298:attitude
288:must-see
260:compound
240:hand-fed
225:exciting
195:is mine.
188:The cat
119:Japanese
58:forms —
1715:Preverb
1592:Article
1538:Subject
1431:Pronoun
1266:Stative
1231:Phrasal
1206:Lexical
1161:Dynamic
1136:Copular
1036:Converb
952:Animacy
759:bagagga
710:Luganda
704:In the
678:is blue
645:poetry"
629:poetry"
590:samushi
577:Turkish
418:hito-ga
325:gerunds
258:. Some
256:animals
247:uneaten
242:turkeys
191:sitting
181:objects
157:English
123:Chinese
76:wearing
52:English
1693:Coverb
1688:Copula
1542:Object
1459:Donkey
1378:Adverb
1353:Proper
1318:Common
1201:Labile
1070:Supine
1050:Gerund
1041:Finite
1006:Verbal
997:Strong
987:Proper
636:okuyan
600:samuki
573:Korean
525:aruita
512:person
490:walked
486:aruita
461:walked
451:aruita
438:walked
433:aruita
421:person
296:can-do
294:their
277:, and
273:no-fly
211:to eat
143:headed
1659:Other
1640:Modal
1464:Dummy
1216:Modal
1211:Light
1089:Types
1024:Forms
947:Agent
695:sky."
634:Şiir
627:reads
588:kaze
523:kinō
520:あの 人。
384:, or
382:which
376:like
290:movie
266:no-go
227:game.
201:given
147:wears
84:a hat
31:is a
1645:Noun
1391:Flat
1246:Pure
1016:Verb
1001:Weak
977:Mass
957:Bare
929:Noun
693:blue
688:sora
638:adam
621:okur
607:lit.
602:kaze
575:and
509:hito
501:that
472:kinō
410:that
396:Kinō
386:when
282:food
275:zone
268:area
251:and
249:food
121:and
112:long
108:nice
62:and
37:noun
33:verb
764:who
735:who
691:"A
686:Aoi
671:aoi
660:aoi
559:is
518:歩いた
516:昨日
498:ano
481:歩いた
444:歩いた
427:歩いた
407:ano
378:who
316:).
270:or
110:or
98:in
92:man
50:In
47:.
27:An
1768::
1732:/
1544:/
1540:/
1476:/
1043:/
999:/
870:^
847:,
843:,
839:,
835:,
712::
680:."
506:人。
495:あの
469:昨日
415:人が
404:あの
393:昨日
388::
380:,
350:.
343:.
337:a
312:,
304:;
292:;
286:a
264:a
244:,
171:to
153:.
114:.
912:e
905:t
898:v
797:)
757:a
728:a
673:.
453:.
446:。
435:.
429:。
214:.
20:)
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