5582:
5331:
5131:
4878:
4794:
4743:
3803:
3716:
3669:
3255:
3215:
701:
567:
179:
71:
323:. These modifiers include demonstratives, quantifiers, classifiers, prepositional phrases, and other attributive lexical words, such as other nouns and verbs. These modifiers co-occur with the modified noun (known as the head noun or noun phrase head), but there are restrictions on what kind of modifiers are allowed depending upon the subclass of noun. The noun phrase has the following structure:
7856:.). The focus marker is a way to indicate contrastive focus grammatically. The Vietnamese constructions can be compared with English sentences that use only intonational stress to indicate contrastive focus and other structures that use both intonational stress and grammatical constructions to indicate contrastive focus. For example, the English sentence
8054:
hearer) who is in a superior or higher social status. The label "familiar" indicates that the speaker and another person are in a closer relationship such as between family members or between close friends. The label "intimate" refers to a very close relationship such as that between spouses or lovers.
5639:
The demonstratives have a basic three-term deictic system — proximal (close – "this, here"), medial (far – "that, there"), distal (very far – "yonder, over there") — plus an indefinite (or interrogative) term ("which, where"). In addition to their deictic function, different
Vietnamese demonstratives
5161:
Although it is not required, Vietnamese has many particles that are used to mark tenses. However, they are not always used as context may suffice. All these markers, except "rồi" which goes after the verb, go before the verb. (Below each point, there is an example of the marker being used with the
731:
Quantifiers (also known as numerators) modify the adjacent noun by expressing their quantity. In
Vietnamese they occur within a noun phrase before a head noun (with or without a classifier). Quantifiers include cardinal numerals, and other words which indicate some quantity. (Cardinal numerals are
5447:
When addressing an audience, the speaker must carefully assess the social relationship between him/her and the audience, difference in age, and sex of the audience to choose an appropriate form of address. The following are some kinship terms of address that can be used in the second-person sense
5407:
When used with a pronominal function, kinship terms primarily indicate the social status between referents in a discourse, such as between the speaker and the hearer, between speaker and another referent, etc. Included within the notion of social status are classifications of age, sex, relative
8053:
The parenthetical information next to these pronoun forms indicates information about the social status between the speaker and another person (or persons). Thus, "inferior to superior" indicates that the speaker is in an inferior or lower social status with respect another person (such as the
3750:, may be glossed in English as "a book" (singular, indefinite), "the book" (singular, definite), "some books" (plural, indefinite), or "the books" (plural, definite). It is with the addition of classifiers, demonstratives, and other modifiers that the number and definiteness can be specified.
6493:
Numerals (or numbers) consist of two types: cardinal numerals and ordinal numerals. When occurring in noun phrases, cardinal and ordinal numerals occur in different syntactic positions with respect to the head noun. The article below only shows the native
Vietnamese numerals, remember that
5882:
The basic formal pattern of the demonstratives is that the initial consonant and ending vowel nucleus indicate their function and position in the deictic system. Some linguists have analyzed demonstratives as consisting of two (sub-syllabic) morphemes. Following this, the initial
8310:
Note that the affixal status of morphemes will be indicated with a hyphen in descriptions of the morphological structure of these words, but current
Vietnamese orthographic practice does not use hyphens or write multisyllabic words without orthographic
6241:
are only used as nouns typically denoting a space or time and cannot function as noun modifiers. Although they usually refer to position situated in time/space, the nominal deictics can be used to metaphorically refer to people, as in:
2670:
may focus a variety of noun phrase elements including prepositional phrases, relative clauses, constituents inside of relative clause modifiers, the head noun (by itself), the head noun plus preceding classifier, and adjectival verbs.
8215:
The contextual position may be in space (here vs. there), time (now vs. later), or in discourse (newly introduced vs. already identified). In space, this is other contextual position is very often the position of the
4431:
is often used when talking to oneself as in a soliloquy, but also indicates a higher status of the speaker (such as that of a high official, etc.). The other superior-to-inferior forms in the first and second persons
5365:(Thompson 1991). As an example the sentence "Tôi đọc sách này rồi." ("I've already read this book.") can be transformed into the following topic prominent equivalent. Note that the topic marker can also be dropped.
4448:) are commonly used in familiar social contexts, such as among family members (e.g. older sister to younger sister, etc.); these forms are otherwise considered impolite. The third person form
2365:, and, in addition, the element receiving the focus also receives an intonational stress. In the following examples, the stressed words are indicated with capital letters (also underlined):
5628:"this person" indicates that the person referred to is relatively close to the speaker (in a context where this noun phrase is uttered by a speaker to an addressee) while the demonstrative
5182:
To say that you just did something (eg. I just ate), use "vừa mới". However it is possible to remove either "vừa" or "mới" and keep the same meaning, however removing "vừa" is more common.
2515:). Here, it is the feature of the horse's blackness that is being focused on (or singled out) in contrast to other horses that do not have the feature of blackness. In the sentence below,
1425:
occurs directly before classifiers or unit nouns and may be preceded by other pre-noun modifiers such as quantifiers, numerals, and articles. It always co-occurs with a classifier.
278:
The noun category can be further subdivided into different noun classes according to semantic and syntactic criteria. Some of the subclasses identified in Nguyễn (1997) include:
5304:
When used with intransitive verbs (and adjectives), these two particles imply the subject is a passive participant to the action described by the verb, as in following example:
8337:
6919:. Number formation generally follows the same logic as before, with the same consonantal and tonal shifts. However, with the numbers 101–109, 201–209 and so on, a placeholder
5569:
Using a person's name to refer to oneself or to address another is considered more personal and informal than using pronouns. It can be found among close friends or children.
4714:, some linguists have noted that some Vietnamese speech communities (especially among young college students and bilingual speakers) have borrowed French and English pronouns
5923:
is analyzed as consisting of only one morpheme. Overlaid on these elements are tones, which indicate contrastive distances increasingly further from the contextual position:
5481:: parent's older brother or sister, used to address a man/woman slightly older than one's parents or husband of father's older sister or husband of mother's older sister.
8489:
3703:
that modifies the next word, a noun. Any words after that are subsequent to that are, essentially, articles or demonstratives that bring up qualifying clauses.
2976:
Some linguists count as many as 200 classifiers in
Vietnamese, though only a few are used in conversation or informal writing. Thompson (1987) notes that usage of
8495:
4908:
Functive verbs (also known as "real" verbs, verbs of action, "doing" words, or momentary action verbs) differ from stative verbs by the same syntactic tests:
8523:
7805:. In these situations, the sentence must be reformulated. Nguyễn H. T. (2004) offers the following possible rephrasing with use of an adverbial particle
4295:. Like other Asian pronominal systems, Vietnamese pronouns indicate the social status between speakers and other persons in the discourse in addition to
1432:
as "general classifier", etc., this particle has often been analyzed as a classifier. However, it can be distinguished by its different behavior. Focus
5475:: parent's older sister, used to address a woman slightly older than one's parents or wife of father's older brother or wife of mother's older brother.
5487:: father's sister, used to address a younger woman or a woman as old as one's father; also used to address a female teacher regardless of relative age
4824:
Stative verbs (also known as verbs of quality, extended state verbs, adjectival verbs or adjectives) can be distinguished from functive verbs in two:
2937:
for flat, rectangular objects like signage or panes of glass. These classifiers may be superficially likened to
English partitive constructions like
4452:(used to refer to inanimates, animals, children, and scorned adults, such as criminals) is considerably less arrogant than the second person forms
1236:"(rice) fields" usually occur without quantifiers in Vietnamese. However, these nouns can be specified by words denoting measurement units such as
2050:
indicates grammatically that an element within a noun phrase is in contrastive focus. It has been noted by Nguyễn Đ. H. (1997) (and others) that
8177:
597:
Following Nguyễn Hùng Tưởng (2004) and Nguyễn T. C. (1975), Vietnamese has an article lexical category slot that occurs before a quantifier.
5395:
to a large extent and thus have developed grammatical functions similar to pronouns and other classifiers. In these cases, they are used as
5206:
To make a verb continuous (eg. I am eating), use "đang". It can be combined with most of the tense markers, however this isn't common usage.
9642:
4730:
in order to avoid the deference and status implications present in the
Vietnamese pronominal system (which lacks any truly neutral terms).
8375:
Löbel, Elisabeth. (1999). Classifiers vs. genders and noun classes: A case study in
Vietnamese. In B. Unterbeck & M. Rissanen (Eds.),
8431:
Pham, Hoa. (2002). Gender in addressing and self-reference in
Vietnamese: Variation and change. In M. Hellinger & H. Bußmann (Eds.),
5620:) all have the function of identifying a referent with respect to another contextual point or position. For example, the demonstrative
1582:
does occur along with a following classifier (as can be seen above). Examples of other modifiers preceding the focus marker are below:
7914:
26:, meaning it conveys grammatical information primarily through combinations of words as opposed to suffixes. The basic word order is
8187:
4777:
above, verbs can be distinguished from nouns by their ability to function as predicators by themselves without a preceding copula
9726:
5469:: grandmother, used as a term of respect for a (usually married) woman senior to the speaker and who is late middle age or older
9455:
9254:
8552:
8516:
6327:
In the sentence above (which would translate more literally as "This is going to the market, is that going or not?"), proximal
4781:. Additionally, verbs may be categorized into two main subtypes, stative and functive, according to their syntactic behavior.
2221:
However, Nguyễn Hùng Tưởng (2004) claims that the connotation is not always negative and gives the following positive example:
5361:
The topic–comment structure is an important sentence type in
Vietnamese. Therefore, Vietnamese has often been claimed to be a
9688:
8577:
8025:
8225:
This analysis of demonstratives is based primarily on Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992). An earlier description is in Thompson (1965).
6788:("10" + "8" = "18"). Multiplicative compounds are formed with an order that is the reverse of the additive compounds, i.e.
5505:: father's younger brother, used to address a man slightly younger than one's father or husband of father's younger sister.
5499:: mother's sister, used to address a younger woman or a woman as old as one's mother; also used to address one's stepmother
4538:
The other class of pronouns are known as "absolute" pronouns (Thompson 1965). These cannot be modified with the pluralizer
8567:
8547:
8562:
27:
3030:: usually for animals and children, but can be used to describe some non-living objects that are associated with motion
9789:
8884:
8738:
9749:
9392:
8582:
8509:
8017:
6495:
4488:
3161:
9301:
3144:
Classifiers are required in the presence of a quantifier, except for "non-classified nouns": "time units" such as
9624:
9430:
9264:
8743:
7306:(Northern). With the numbers 1,001–1,099, 2,001–2,099 and so on, the empty hundreds place must be specified with
150:
8471:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. (Original work published 1965).
9276:
5362:
5107:
2680:
2359:
124:
43:
31:
4291:
The pronouns are categorized into two classes depending on whether they can be preceded by the plural marker
9465:
8801:
8796:
8728:
8599:
8587:
8572:
5463:: grandfather, used as a term of respect for a man senior to the speaker and who is late middle age or older
7872:
9545:
9412:
9027:
8904:
8778:
8372:. University of California publications in linguistics (Vol. 8). Berkeley: University of California Press.
154:
9488:
9760:
9611:
9259:
9241:
9055:
7739:
7574:
5444:
The most common terms of reference are kinship terms, which might differ slightly in different regions.
4519:) can be used to refer to a plural referent, resulting in pairs with overlapping reference (e.g., both
1578:
is not grammatical. More than one classifier is not allowed within the same noun phrase, whereas focus
870:
Quantifiers directly precede the head noun that they modify when the head occurs without a classifier:
5214:"Có" is also used as a past tense of the verb very similar to "đã". It has other uses outside of this.
2870:
Nouns may require the animate classifier even if they do not refer to living organisms. For instance,
9591:
9124:
9050:
8969:
8678:
8663:
8382:
7864:, indicating that it is in focus — here, the stress is the only indicator of focus. In contrast, the
7801:"these very two tables"), which is ungrammatical. Nguyễn H. T. (2004) attributes this restriction to
7744:
3700:
2362:
1375:
316:
213:
158:
51:
8414:
5399:
or pejoratives. Kinship terms may also, of course, be used with a lexical meaning like other nouns.
2718:
generally introduces animate objects, especially animals. In the following dialogue, the classifier
9744:
9739:
9346:
9188:
9060:
8636:
7749:
6488:
6399:) refer to the extent of measurement of time or space. They precede the words they modify, such as
5640:
can function variously as noun modifiers, as noun phrases (i.e., a (pro-) nominal function), or as
5541:: younger sibling, for a slightly younger person, or for the woman in a romantic relationship. (S)
3834:
3764:
2696:
1436:
always precedes a following classifier and may not directly precede the head noun. The noun phrase
1382:
220:
19:
8347:
8344:(pp. 65–125). Text, translation, computational processing (No. 4). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
7989:
5565:: nephew/niece, grandson/granddaughter; used to address a young person of around such relative age
3746:
Vietnamese nouns that stand alone are unmarked for number and definiteness. Thus, a noun, such as
9535:
9321:
9226:
8992:
8919:
8879:
8864:
8846:
8808:
8658:
8608:
8536:
4300:
4296:
102:
35:
9402:
7938:
5198:
To say that you already did something (eg. I already ate), use "rồi". It is often used with "đã"
4699:
can be preceded by the pluralizer in southern dialects in which case it is more respectful than
1039:
When a classifier co-occurs with a following head noun, the quantifier precedes the classifier:
9734:
9698:
9650:
9425:
9397:
9379:
9359:
9216:
9099:
9045:
8934:
8924:
8869:
8768:
8716:
8668:
8653:
8616:
8365:. Arlington, TX: The Summer Institute of Linguistics and The University of Texas at Arlington.
8183:
8021:
8011:
7971:
7910:
7906:
5256:
An agent, if there is one, is often placed in between the passive particle and the main verb:
47:
23:
8501:
7898:
7560:"Ngàn" is more in the south of Vietnam, while "nghìn" is more common in the north of Vietnam.
4542:. Many of these forms are literary and archaic, particularly in the first and second person.
9711:
9558:
9496:
9440:
9435:
9387:
9291:
9286:
9211:
9134:
9114:
9089:
9081:
9022:
8997:
8987:
8982:
8899:
8856:
8833:
8823:
8813:
8755:
8693:
7961:
7286:
7282:
4711:
8456:
Thompson, Laurence C. (1965). Nuclear models in Vietnamese immediate-constituent analysis.
9706:
9660:
9583:
9573:
9563:
9553:
9445:
9420:
9354:
9331:
9326:
9196:
9162:
9157:
9147:
9142:
9104:
9094:
9067:
9017:
9002:
8977:
8952:
8942:
8914:
8909:
8894:
8841:
8818:
8783:
8763:
8706:
8683:
8673:
8643:
8631:
5392:
1225:
8435:(Vol. 2, pp. 281–312). IMPACT: Studies in language society (No. 10). John Benjamins.
5808:
is the North-central and Central form. In North-central and Central Vietnamese, the form
5529:: older brother, for a slightly older man, or for the man in a romantic relationship. (S)
4707:
has a wider range of reference as "they, people in general, (generic) one, we, someone".
4277:
consisting of a noun plus modifiers (which, here, are a classifier and a demonstrative).
1385:
marker by Nguyễn Hùng Tưởng (2004). It has been called by several other names, including
4303:. The table below shows the first class of pronouns that can be preceded by pluralizer.
2662:
The focus marker is always stressed and must co-occur with another stressed item; thus,
9768:
9716:
9665:
9601:
9596:
9530:
9525:
9369:
9281:
9271:
9249:
9206:
9201:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9152:
9119:
9007:
8947:
8889:
8874:
8773:
8701:
8648:
8621:
7966:
7865:
2970:
1798:
that classifies inanimate nouns (although it is historically related to the classifier
271:(as in the sentence above) does not require a preceding copula, and thus the sentence *
250:
237:
For the meaning of the sentence to be understandable, in the sentence above the copula
5581:
5330:
5130:
4877:
4793:
4742:
3802:
3715:
3668:
3254:
3214:
700:
566:
178:
70:
9783:
9680:
9670:
9655:
9631:
9568:
9506:
9473:
9364:
9314:
9309:
9231:
8957:
8788:
8733:
8711:
8626:
5613:
5111:
2984:
for inanimate objects has increased at the expense of some of the rarer classifiers.
8350:. (1988). The count/mass distinction in Vietnamese and the concept of ‘classifier’.
6530:
Numerals are generally analytic, with multiples of ten following a regular pattern.
9450:
9336:
9109:
9012:
8723:
8288:
The variant forms of this number (differing in vowel and tone) depend upon dialect.
5388:
4683:
Unlike third person pronouns of the first type, these absolute third person forms (
3769:
3760:
3130:: sheets and other thin objects made of paper (newspapers, papers, calendars, etc.)
2684:
39:
5967:
expression where demonstratives with an even increasing distance modify the noun
5636:"that person" indicates that the person referred to is further from the speaker.
5493:: mother's brother, used to address a younger man or a man as old as one's mother
5456:), but if they're not marked by (S) the usage is limited to the literal meaning:
9501:
9221:
6799:
Consonantal and tonal alternations occur in some compound numerals. The numeral
5223:
The active voice can be changed to passive voice by adding the following words:
4836:
3840:
2055:
320:
6335:
is used to refer to the addressee (as "you"). The demonstrative noun modifiers
5227:
if the verb describing the action implies beneficial effects for the agent and
3285:
Nouns may be modified by certain demonstratives that follow the noun (see also
5210:
Tôi đang ăn tối – I am having dinner Tôi đã đang ăn tối – I was having dinner
3777:
2688:
55:
38:. In sentences, the head of the phrase usually precedes its complements (i.e.
5190:
To say that you are about to do something (eg. I am about to eat), use "sắp".
2953:("stick" indicates something relatively rigid, long and comparatively thin),
2499:"I like the BLACK horse" (but not the horse that's a different color)
9517:
7802:
5964:
5641:
5559:: child; also used in some regions to address a person as old as one's child
5396:
4280:
Note that the pronominal system as a whole also includes kinship terms (see
3781:
3754:
3191:, but Nguyễn Hùng Tường (2013) considers this to be a non-classifier use of
2692:
2687:(often considered a subset of the classifiers) to introduce or stand in for
2666:
cannot occur without another stressed element within the noun phrase. Focus
1213:
7975:
2945:("head", always singular regardless of number, indicates large livestock),
2921:
More specific classifiers typically indicate the shape of objects, such as
8202:
In Vietnamese, kinship terms used with a pronominal function are known as
5300:
Trần Lập is known about by many people. (Many people know about Trần Lập.)
4472:
is used only in intimate relationships, such as between husband and wife.
2969:(a "bar" being similar to a "stick", but comparatively less "thin"). Some
7768:
5523:: husband of father's older sister; also used to address one's stepfather
4427:
is the only pronoun that can be used in polite speech. The second person
253:
sentence. In contrast, verbs/adjectives do not co-occur with the copula.
6188:
6084:
4173:
3957:
2533:
2379:
2235:
2132:
9619:
8532:
8433:
Gender across languages: The linguistic representation of women and men
8352:
Zeischrift für Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung
7823:
6507:
6331:
is used to refer (metaphorically) to the speaker (as "I") while medial
4273:(a personal name) consisting of a single noun or a complex noun phrase
3175:
has a special role in that it can introduce any other classifier, e.g.
2695:, respectively. This feature of Vietnamese is similar to the system of
5231:
if the verb describing the action implies negative effects. The words
8445:
Thompson, Laurence C. (1963). The problem of the word in Vietnamese.
8258:
is also found elsewhere in Vietnamese among different dialects, e.g.
5617:
1830:
can modify nouns of any animacy (with their appropriate classifier):
146:
7848:
Note that this contrastive focus can also be achieved without focus
4475:
The pronominal forms in the table above can be modified with plural
6304:
4199:
4104:
2702:
The most common classifiers typically do not translate to English:
2158:
42:), nouns are classified according to series of lexical parameters (
3060:: sentential constructs (verses, lyrics, statements, quotes, etc.)
3012:, usually more connotative (e.g. when referring to a cute object,
2180:
3050:: used for compositions like songs, drawings, poems, essays, etc.
2961:("strand" indicates something flexible, long and quite thin), or
2654:"I like the black HORSE" (but not the other black animal)
8403:
Nguyễn, Phú Phong. (1992). Vietnamese demonstratives revisited.
6366:
specifies a point remote either in the past or the future while
1351:
1328:
1245:
223:, whereas the copula fails to occur before verbs or adjectives.
209:
8505:
5272:
4912:
functive verbs cannot be preceded by a degree modifier such as
4695:) refer only to animate referents (typically people). The form
4082:
3632:
3594:
3556:
3518:
3478:
3440:
3402:
3364:
2176:
2012:
1941:
1870:
1727:
1681:
1646:
1550:
1476:
1133:
650:
611:
478:
8338:
Classifiers, metonymies, and genericity: A study of Vietnamese
5576:
5325:
5125:
4872:
4788:
4737:
3797:
3710:
3663:
3249:
3209:
2104:
695:
561:
173:
65:
6286:
157:
level) is detailed below. Attention is paid to both form and
7776:
is used in this article to indicate ungrammatical sentences.
4060:
3846:
3628:
3340:
2973:
classifiers introduce verbs or adjectives instead of nouns.
2842:
2769:
2595:
2441:
2295:
2086:
1994:
1923:
1852:
1709:
1620:
1585:
1518:
1458:
1259:
1174:
1111:
1064:
1042:
873:
661:
424:
8179:
Vietnamese-English Bilingualism: Patterns of Code-Switching
7785:
The only apparent exception to this is a sequence of focus
3786:
interaction with classifiers (presence and absence thereof)
1767:
must follow the other pre-noun modifiers, so phrases where
8301:
typically has an idiomatic meaning of "100% sure, surely".
4078:
3398:
3360:
2016:
1945:
1874:
1731:
1650:
1554:
1480:
474:
212:
can be distinguished from verbs syntactically in that the
8428:. (Doctoral dissertation, Boston University, Boston, MA).
8377:
Gender in grammar and cognition, I (approaches to gender)
6192:
6088:
4949:
A verb can interleave with a direct object for emphasis:
4177:
3961:
3070:: used for stick-like objects (plants, guns, canes, etc.)
2846:
2773:
2537:
2383:
2239:
2184:
2136:
1685:
1596:
7882:) use grammar and intonational stress to indicate focus.
7448:
một trăm năm mươi lăm ngàn/nghìn không trăm năm mươi lăm
7414:
một trăm năm mươi lăm ngàn/nghìn không trăm hai mươi mốt
5452:). They all can also be used in the first-person sense (
3590:
3552:
3514:
3474:
3436:
3152:(minute), geographical and administrative units such as
3100:: buildings of authority: courts, halls, "ivory towers".
1129:
7595:
7380:
một trăm năm mươi lăm ngàn/nghìn không trăm lẻ/linh một
7314:
6931:
6534:
6351:
can only modify nouns and cannot stand alone as nouns.
5593:
5342:
5142:
5096:{to speak} + {objectionable} → {to speak objectionably}
4889:
4805:
4754:
3814:
3727:
3680:
3266:
3226:
2584:
2430:
2284:
2075:
1983:
1912:
1841:
1698:
1609:
1531:
1447:
712:
578:
190:
145:
The syntax of each lexical category and its associated
82:
8333:. (Master's thesis, University of Texas at Arlington).
7813:"it is precisely these two tables that I want to buy".
7550:
một trăm năm mươi lăm ngàn/nghìn một trăm hai mươi mốt
3207:
includes noun phrase modifiers, verb phrase modifiers
553:"both of these Vietnamese-English dictionaries of his"
30:(SVO), but utterances may be restructured so as to be
7939:"A corpus-based analysis of Vietnamese 'classifiers'
7516:
một trăm năm mươi lăm ngàn/nghìn một trăm lẻ/linh một
6803:"10" in multiplicative compounds has a tonal change (
4507:
are inclusive (i.e., you and me). Some of the forms (
3120:: used for book-like objects (books, journals, etc.)
2929:
for round objects like balls or pieces of fruit, or
9758:
9725:
9697:
9679:
9640:
9610:
9582:
9544:
9515:
9487:
9464:
9411:
9378:
9345:
9300:
9240:
9186:
9133:
9080:
9038:
8968:
8933:
8855:
8832:
8754:
8692:
8607:
8598:
7932:
7930:
7928:
7926:
7892:
7890:
7888:
6885:as the final element in additive compounds, as in:
6009:may function as either nouns or as noun modifiers:
5046:{to go} + {back and forth} → {to go back and forth}
4996:{to know} + {social status} → {to know one's place}
4828:stative verbs occur with a degree modifier such as
4288:below), which can also have a pronominal function.
4265:Thus, the third person singular (arrogant) pronoun
7994:Tiếng Việt: mấy vấn đề ngữ âm, ngữ pháp, ngữ nghĩa
7903:Linguistics of Vietnamese: An International Survey
6354:When referring to time, the distal demonstratives
4919:functive verbs can be preceded by the exhortative
3090:: smaller sheets of paper (letters, playing cards)
4923:"let's (do)" (indicates commands, requests, etc.)
8114:Kinship terms are used instead in polite speech.
7839:Note that this example has an omitted head noun.
6873:"5" undergoes an initial consonant alternation (
5855:"(like) so, (like) this way" is used instead of
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3154:
3146:
3134:
3124:
3114:
3104:
3094:
3084:
3074:
3064:
3054:
3044:
3034:
3024:
3002:
2992:
2978:
2931:
2923:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2720:
2712:
2704:
383:
8400:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
8005:
8003:
7440:hai mươi mốt ngàn/nghìn không trăm năm mươi lăm
7406:hai mươi mốt ngàn/nghìn không trăm hai mươi mốt
6454:"all that long period, for that length of time"
5859:. Other forms mentioned in Thompson (1965) are
5535:: older sister, for a slightly older woman. (S)
4499:are exclusive (i.e., me and them but not you),
3110:: used for globular objects (the Earth, fruits)
2213:"that husband of mine, he is good for nothing"
46:), and pronouns may be absent from utterances (
8442:. (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University).
8379:(pp. 259–319). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
8331:Vietnamese phrase structure: An x-bar approach
7996:(in Vietnamese). Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục.
7372:hai mươi mốt ngàn/nghìn không trăm lẻ/linh một
6784:"10" initially and another numeral following:
6510:system. "Zero" lacks a dedicated numeral with
5800:tends to be used in Northern Vietnamese while
3289:section below). These demonstratives include:
8517:
8440:A transformational study of Vietnamese syntax
8318:PROX:proximal MEDIAL:medial KIN:kinship term
7822:Classifiers must agree semantically with the
7542:hai mươi mốt ngàn/nghìn một trăm hai mươi mốt
5415:in Vietnamese using many different pronouns.
5408:social position, and the speaker's attitude.
3839:Vietnamese pronouns act as substitutions for
1818:is animate (the non-human animate classifier
8:
7508:hai mươi mốt ngàn/nghìn một trăm lẻ/linh một
5411:For example, one can express the meaning of
4993:{biết} + {thân phận} → {biết thân biết phận}
2511:"black", which receives the stress (as does
2507:In the above sentence, the item in focus is
513:dictionary Vietnamese-English PROX.DEM {of }
8426:The structure of the Vietnamese noun phrase
7937:Phạm, Giang Thúy; Kohnert, Kathryn (2009).
6370:specifies only a remote point in the past:
5202:Tôi (đã) ăn tối rồi – I already had dinner
5194:Tôi sắp ăn tối – I am about to have dinner
4774:
506:cả hai cuốn {từ điển} {Việt Anh} này {của }
8604:
8524:
8510:
8502:
7767:As is typical in linguistic writings, the
7677:Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the
6323:"I'm going to the market, what about you?"
5297:{Trần Lập} PASS {many people} {know about}
8474:Uỷ ban Khoa học Xã hội Việt Nam. (1983).
8419:Từ loại danh từ trong tiếng Việt hiện đại
8363:Vietnamese classifiers in narrative texts
7965:
7482:một trăm năm mươi lăm ngàn/nghìn một trăm
2710:introduces most inanimate objects, while
2346:"it is the kind-hearted girl that I met"
8370:Studies in Vietnamese (Annamese) grammar
8157:, which is somewhat similar in function.
7827:
6498:numerals will be used in certain cases.
5648:
5294:{Trần Lập} được {nhiều người} {biết tới}
4546:
4491:plural distinction in the first person:
4307:
4269:can substitute for a simple noun phrase
3699:Possession is shown in Vietnamese via a
1428:As can be seen by descriptions of focus
740:
7760:
7577:"billion" or long-scale "milliard") is
7432:mười ngàn/nghìn không trăm năm mươi lăm
7398:mười ngàn/nghìn không trăm hai mươi mốt
5186:Tôi vừa mới ăn tối – I just had dinner
4284:below) and certain demonstratives (see
2998: : used for most inanimate objects
2987:Among the most common classifiers are:
2519:"horse" receives the focus and stress.
1771:precedes a numeral or article (such as
385:cả hai cuốn từ điển Việt Anh này của nó
245:"student". Omitting the copula, as in *
54:verbs). Question words in the language
8279:is used when saying telephone numbers.
7424:một ngàn/nghìn không trăm năm mươi lăm
7390:một ngàn/nghìn không trăm hai mươi mốt
7364:mười ngàn/nghìn không trăm lẻ/linh một
6927:is inserted to represent "zero tens."
6780:Additive compounds are formed by with
5374:This book (TOPICMARKER) I read already
5239:must stand in front of the main verb.
3080:: a general topic, matter, or business
319:with other words resulting in complex
8398:Vietnamese: Tiếng Việt không son phấn
8385:. (1957). Classifiers in Vietnamese.
7681:ordinal prefix to cardinal numerals:
7534:mười ngàn/nghìn một trăm hai mươi mốt
7356:một ngàn/nghìn không trăm lẻ/linh một
7285:, while "linh" is more common in the
5710:"over there, yonder" (bidirectional)
7:
7526:một ngàn/nghìn một trăm hai mươi mốt
7500:mười ngàn/nghìn một trăm lẻ/linh một
7298:The Vietnamese word for thousand is
6411:"(to be) long, (take a) long time":
5759:"to that extent, to such an extent"
5162:verb "to have dinner" or "ăn tối".)
3707:Reference, specificity, definiteness
105:(or "parts of speech") consist of:
8234:The alternation between the vowels
8101:, there is also the alternate form
8084:, there is also the alternate form
7852:and with only stress (for example,
7492:một ngàn/nghìn một trăm lẻ/linh một
6915:The Vietnamese word for hundred is
6834:"1" undergoes a tonal alternation (
6001:Syntactically, the demonstratives
5517:: wife of mother's younger brother.
5511:: wife of father's younger brother.
5178:Tôi sẽ ăn tối – I will have dinner
5093:{nói} + {bậy bạ} → {nói bậy nói bạ}
4285:
3286:
8067:, there is also an alternate form
5174:To make the future tense, use "sẽ"
5043:{đi} + {tới lui} → {đi tới đi lui}
4835:stative verbs preclude the use of
4411:(southern dialect only, see below)
4281:
16:Grammar of the Vietnamese language
14:
7897:Nguyễn Hùng Tường (May 5, 2013).
7869:it is the black HORSE that I like
6854:tone) in multiples of 10, as in:
6377:"some day to come, the other day"
5919:medial/distal. However, the form
5736:"yonder" (unidirectional – past)
4394:(superior to inferior, familiar)
4388:(superior to inferior, familiar)
4352:(superior to inferior, familiar)
4344:(emphatic, superior to inferior)
4338:(emphatic, superior to inferior)
3938:"Hoan only eats Vietnamese food"
8496:Additional Vietnamese references
8340:. In C. Zelinsky-Wibbelt (Ed.),
8266:"you" are variant pronoun forms.
8153:with the uses of French pronoun
7474:hai mươi mốt ngàn/nghìn một trăm
7346:một trăm năm mươi lăm ngàn/nghìn
6792:is preceded by another numeral:
5580:
5329:
5166:To make the past tense, use "đã"
5129:
4876:
4792:
4741:
4405:(superior to inferior, familiar)
3801:
3714:
3667:
3253:
3213:
3140:: an event or an ongoing process
3039:: used for people except infants
2726:initially introduces "chicken":
1794:is distinct from the classifier
699:
565:
325:
177:
69:
8490:Vietnamese/Cambodian references
7569:The word for 10 ("million") is
6387:The proportion demonstratives (
6320:this go market, that AFF go NEG
4039:"he only eats Vietnamese food"
3759:specific vs. generic reference
1502:is grammatical, but the phrase
8469:A Vietnamese reference grammar
8467:Thompson, Laurence C. (1991).
8329:Beatty, Mark Stanton. (1990).
8013:A Vietnamese Reference Grammar
8010:Thompson, Laurence C. (1987).
7880:the black HORSE is what I like
7876:what I like is the black HORSE
7581:. Above this, combinations of
6117:"That person is his brother."
5102:In the last example, the verb
4527:can mean "inclusive we", both
4154:"this dog never barks at all"
2679:Vietnamese uses a rich set of
1:
8405:The Mon–Khmer Studies Journal
5632:"that" as in the noun phrase
5624:"this" as in the noun phrase
5170:Tôi đã ăn tối – I had dinner
3772:(identifiability of referent)
3660:Prepositional phrase position
3203:Attributive modifier position
3160:(province), and polysyllabic
2918:classifier to convey motion.
733:
219:"to be" may precede nouns in
8424:Nguyễn, Hùng Tưởng. (2004).
4604:(subject to king, archaic)
3016:might be more suitable than
1151:"those six roses over there"
736:.) Examples of quantifiers:
112:demonstrative noun modifiers
7826:of the head noun. (See the
7565:Numbers 1,000,000 and Above
5997:"on and on into the future"
5939:tone (even further). Thus,
4634:(subject to king, archaic)
4626:(female to male, literary)
4615:(female to male, literary)
4596:(king to subject, archaic)
4588:(female to male, literary)
4580:(male to female, literary)
2193:NEG turn.out INTERR.INAN.PN
1670:"these very two black dogs"
1031:how many = bao nhiêu
9806:
8396:Nguyễn, Đình-Hoà. (1997).
8361:Daley, Karen Ann. (1998).
8018:University of Hawaii Press
6506:Vietnamese numerals are a
6486:
6362:differ in directionality.
5391:in Vietnamese have become
5370:Sách này (thì) tôi đọc rồi
4022:only eat food Vietnam only
4019:chỉ ăn cơm {Việt Nam} thôi
3921:only eat food Vietnam only
3918:chỉ ăn cơm {Việt Nam} thôi
3832:
2354:Phonologically, the focus
1399:"extra" general classifier
56:do not exhibit wh-movement
8543:
8478:. Hanoi: Khoa học Xã hội.
8421:. Hanoi: Khoa học Xã hội.
7789:and inanimate classifier
6220:
6116:
5804:is the Southern form and
5778:
5755:
4647:
4638:
4617:
4608:
4568:
4559:
4320:
4248:
4153:
4038:
3937:
2653:
2498:
2345:
2212:
1305:"three kilograms of meat"
129:the focus marker particle
8438:Shum, Shu-ying. (1965).
8336:Behrens, Leila. (2003).
8127:"me your lowly subject".
7696:Other examples include:
7466:mười ngàn/nghìn một trăm
5875:"that (just past)", and
5363:topic-prominent language
4249:"it never barks at all"
2802:"Sell me four chickens."
2202:topicalized noun phrase
1090:"(the) two dictionaries"
359:ATTRIBUTIVE MODIFIER(S)
9255:Central Atlas Tamazight
8368:Emeneau, M. B. (1951).
8342:Text, context, concepts
8044:"personal substitutes".
7458:một ngàn/nghìn một trăm
7338:hai mươi mốt ngàn/nghìn
6407:"(to have) much/many",
6221:"That is his brother."
5899:manner, and the vowels
5765:"to what(ever) extent"
5428:(female to male lover)
5422:(male to female lover)
5322:Topic–comment structure
4703:. The absolute pronoun
4327:(inferior to superior)
1806:cannot modify the noun
838:few, how much/how many
538:ATTRIBUTIVE NOUN PHRASE
464:ATTRIBUTIVE NOUN PHRASE
8136:Thompson (1965) marks
8105:used in some dialects.
8088:used in some dialects.
8071:used in some dialects.
7858:I like the black HORSE
7854:Tôi thích con ngựa ĐEN
7271:chín trăm năm mươi lăm
7245:chín trăm hai mươi lăm
7219:chín trăm hai mươi hai
7193:chín trăm hai mươi mốt
6300:
6292:
6282:
6272:
6264:
6256:
6246:
6184:
6176:
6156:
6132:
6080:
6072:
6052:
6027:
6019:
5695:Nominal/Noun modifier
5286:
5278:
5268:
5260:
5252:Tea is grown in Japan.
5089:to speak objectionably
5085:
5077:
5069:
5061:
5053:
5035:
5027:
5019:
5011:
5003:
4985:
4977:
4969:
4961:
4953:
4734:Verbs and verb phrases
4535:can mean "you guys").
4229:chẳng {bao giờ} sủa cả
4221:
4213:
4205:
4195:
4169:
4134:chẳng {bao giờ} sủa cả
4126:
4118:
4110:
4100:
4074:
4066:
4056:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3953:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3858:
3622:
3614:
3609:"day before yesterday"
3584:
3576:
3546:
3538:
3508:
3500:
3468:
3460:
3430:
3422:
3392:
3384:
3354:
3346:
3246:Demonstrative position
3194:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3155:
3147:
3135:
3125:
3115:
3105:
3095:
3085:
3075:
3065:
3055:
3045:
3035:
3025:
3003:
2993:
2979:
2932:
2924:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2873:
2834:
2826:
2807:
2780:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2697:classifiers in Chinese
2611:
2601:
2591:
2575:
2555:
2529:
2455:
2447:
2437:
2421:
2401:
2375:
2309:
2301:
2291:
2277:
2257:
2231:
2172:
2164:
2154:
2128:
2100:
2092:
2082:
2068:
2008:
2000:
1990:
1976:
1937:
1929:
1919:
1905:
1866:
1858:
1848:
1834:
1723:
1715:
1705:
1691:
1677:
1667:CLF dog black DEM.PROX
1642:
1634:
1626:
1616:
1602:
1591:
1546:
1538:
1524:
1514:
1506:
1472:
1464:
1454:
1440:
1334:
1324:
1312:
1285:
1277:
1265:
1180:
1170:
1158:
1125:
1117:
1107:
1095:
1070:
1060:
1048:
1007:
995:
970:
958:
928:
916:
911:"(the) two viewpoints"
891:
879:
667:
657:
643:
618:
604:
491:
470:
455:
440:
420:
405:
390:
384:
294:unit (or measure) noun
170:Nouns and noun phrases
44:noun classifier system
34:. Vietnamese also has
8275:The abbreviated form
8206:"status substitutes".
7873:pseudo-cleft sentence
7740:Vietnamese morphology
7294:Numbers 1,000–999,999
7263:hai trăm năm mươi lăm
7255:một trăm năm mươi lăm
7237:hai trăm hai mươi lăm
7229:một trăm hai mươi lăm
7211:hai trăm hai mươi hai
7203:một trăm hai mươi hai
7185:hai trăm hai mươi mốt
7177:một trăm hai mươi mốt
7037:chín trăm lẻ/linh năm
7011:chín trăm lẻ/linh hai
6985:chín trăm lẻ/linh một
6846:when it occurs after
6796:("8" x "10" = "80").
6522:"empty") being used.
6514:"empty number" (<
5887:indicates a nominal,
4566:(familiar, literary)
4286:demonstrative section
3333:"that yonder (far)",
2910:(screw) all take the
1787:) are ungrammatical.
1370:Focus marker position
862:"this much/this many
233:"Mai is (a) student."
149:(i.e., the syntactic
8020:. pp. 193–197.
7745:Vietnamese phonology
7281:"Lẻ" is more in the
7029:hai trăm lẻ/linh năm
7021:một trăm lẻ/linh năm
7003:hai trăm lẻ/linh hai
6995:một trăm lẻ/linh hai
6977:hai trăm lẻ/linh một
5943:is more remote than
5039:to go back and forth
4773:As mentioned in the
4487:"them". There is an
4282:kinship term section
3701:prepositional phrase
3490:gentleman MEDIAL.DEM
3008:: almost similar to
2039:CLF soldier DEM.PROX
1802:). Thus, classifier
371:PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
50:, sometimes without
8885:Old Church Slavonic
8476:Ngữ-pháp tiếng Việt
8176:Ho-Dac Tuc (2003).
8149:Compare Vietnamese
7899:"Nguyễn Hùng Tường"
7811:tôi muốn mua chính
7750:Vietnamese language
7573:. The word for 10 (
7310:("zero hundreds").
6902:"45" (instead of
6892:"15" (instead of
6861:"41" (instead of
6822:"40" (instead of
6815:"times 10", as in:
6489:Vietnamese numerals
5867:"this (temporal)",
5847:In Hanoi, the form
5812:is used instead of
5403:Pronominal function
5317:He is feeling dizzy
4989:to know one's place
4986:biết thân biết phận
4945:"Go ahead and eat!"
4852:“Giap is very tall”
4489:exclusive/inclusive
3835:Vietnamese pronouns
3765:generic antecedents
3337:"which". Examples:
2675:Classifier position
2042:"this very soldier"
1421:"indexical". Focus
1391:general categorical
1381:is identified as a
1142:bông {hoa hồng} kia
138:adverbial particles
28:subject-verb-object
9790:Vietnamese grammar
9750:Lingua Franca Nova
9393:Classical Japanese
7909:. pp. 57–62.
7828:classifier section
7167:chín trăm hai mươi
7141:chín trăm mười lăm
7115:chín trăm mười hai
7089:chín trăm mười một
5690:"where, wherever"
5592:. You can help by
5341:. You can help by
5141:. You can help by
4888:. You can help by
4804:. You can help by
4753:. You can help by
4297:grammatical person
3813:. You can help by
3789:see Behrens (2003)
3726:. You can help by
3679:. You can help by
3265:. You can help by
3225:. You can help by
2054:adds a pejorative
1415:demonstrative word
1387:general classifier
1357:"one tael of meat"
1027:"how many people?"
848:how much/how many
770:cardinal numerals
711:. You can help by
577:. You can help by
459:Vietnamese-English
189:. You can help by
103:lexical categories
81:. You can help by
36:verb serialization
9777:
9776:
9431:Classical Chinese
9076:
9075:
8537:world's languages
7954:Mon-Khmer Studies
7907:Walter de Gruyter
7670:
7669:
7555:
7554:
7276:
7275:
7159:hai trăm hai mươi
7151:một trăm hai mươi
7133:hai trăm mười lăm
7125:một trăm mười lăm
7107:hai trăm mười hai
7099:một trăm mười hai
7081:hai trăm mười một
7073:một trăm mười một
6776:
6775:
6430:"when, what time"
6424:"then, that time"
6225:
6224:
6210:subj noun phrase
6121:
6120:
6106:subj noun phrase
5959:more remote than
5951:more remote than
5907:proximal/medial,
5891:a noun modifier,
5792:
5791:
5776:"this way, thus"
5753:"to this extent"
5610:
5609:
5440:(child to mother)
5434:(mother to child)
5359:
5358:
5159:
5158:
4906:
4905:
4822:
4821:
4771:
4770:
4679:
4678:
4423:The first person
4419:
4418:
4412:
4262:
4261:
4253:
4252:
4241:subj noun phrase
4232:NEG ever bark all
4158:
4157:
4146:subj noun phrase
4137:NEG ever bark all
4043:
4042:
4031:subj noun phrase
3942:
3941:
3930:subj noun phrase
3831:
3830:
3744:
3743:
3697:
3696:
3656:
3655:
3530:moment MEDIAL.DEM
3452:moment MEDIAL.DEM
3283:
3282:
3243:
3242:
2795:sell for me four
2658:
2657:
2643:subj noun phrase
2503:
2502:
2488:subj noun phrase
2350:
2349:
2335:subj noun phrase
2217:
2216:
2205:subj noun phrase
1897:CLF book DEM.PROX
1826:), whereas focus
1790:The focus marker
1760:
1759:
1751:"these very cats"
1366:
1365:
1209:
1208:
1148:CLF rose DIST.DEM
1036:
1035:
866:
865:
732:described in the
729:
728:
595:
594:
377:
376:
207:
206:
99:
98:
24:analytic language
9797:
9446:Mandarin Chinese
9277:Levantine Arabic
8605:
8526:
8519:
8512:
8503:
8383:Nguyễn, Đình-Hoà
8312:
8308:
8302:
8295:
8289:
8286:
8280:
8273:
8267:
8232:
8226:
8223:
8217:
8213:
8207:
8200:
8194:
8193:
8173:
8167:
8164:
8158:
8147:
8141:
8134:
8128:
8121:
8115:
8112:
8106:
8095:
8089:
8078:
8072:
8061:
8055:
8051:
8045:
8038:
8032:
8031:
8007:
7998:
7997:
7986:
7980:
7979:
7969:
7951:
7934:
7921:
7920:
7894:
7883:
7860:has a stress on
7846:
7840:
7837:
7831:
7820:
7814:
7783:
7777:
7765:
7596:
7315:
7287:north of Vietnam
7283:south of Vietnam
6932:
6535:
6442:"that much/many"
6436:"this much/many"
6418:"now, this time"
6306:
6288:
6216:obj noun phrase
6194:
6190:
6127:
6126:
6112:obj noun phrase
6090:
6086:
6014:
6013:
5931:tone (further),
5927:tone (closest),
5915:indefinite, and
5649:
5605:
5602:
5584:
5577:
5354:
5351:
5333:
5326:
5274:
5248:trồng ở Nhật Bản
5154:
5151:
5133:
5126:
4935:"Giap very eat."
4901:
4898:
4880:
4873:
4817:
4814:
4796:
4789:
4766:
4763:
4745:
4738:
4712:language contact
4547:
4410:
4308:
4201:
4179:
4175:
4164:
4163:
4106:
4091:CLF dog PROX.DEM
4084:
4080:
4062:
4051:
4050:
3963:
3959:
3948:
3947:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3826:
3823:
3805:
3798:
3739:
3736:
3718:
3711:
3692:
3689:
3671:
3664:
3644:person INDEF.DEM
3634:
3630:
3596:
3592:
3558:
3554:
3520:
3516:
3493:"that gentleman"
3480:
3476:
3442:
3438:
3404:
3400:
3366:
3362:
3341:
3278:
3275:
3257:
3250:
3238:
3235:
3217:
3210:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3164:compound nouns.
3158:
3150:
3138:
3128:
3118:
3108:
3098:
3088:
3078:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3006:
2996:
2982:
2935:
2927:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2848:
2844:
2788:Bán cho tôi bốn
2775:
2771:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2649:obj noun phrase
2597:
2586:
2539:
2535:
2524:
2523:
2494:obj noun phrase
2443:
2432:
2385:
2381:
2370:
2369:
2341:obj noun phrase
2297:
2286:
2241:
2237:
2226:
2225:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2160:
2138:
2134:
2106:
2088:
2077:
2063:
2062:
2018:
2014:
1996:
1985:
1968:CLF cat DEM.PROX
1947:
1943:
1925:
1914:
1900:"this very book"
1881:sách = inanimate
1876:
1872:
1854:
1843:
1748:CLF cat DEM.PROX
1733:
1729:
1711:
1700:
1687:
1683:
1652:
1648:
1622:
1611:
1598:
1586:
1556:
1552:
1533:
1520:
1495:CLF dog DEM.PROX
1482:
1478:
1460:
1449:
1403:definite article
1260:
1176:
1135:
1131:
1113:
1066:
1043:
874:
741:
724:
721:
703:
696:
663:
652:
613:
590:
587:
569:
562:
558:Article position
550:
549:
545:
544:
540:
539:
535:
534:
530:
529:
525:
524:
520:
519:
502:
501:
487:
486:
480:
476:
466:
465:
451:
450:
436:
435:
426:
416:
415:
401:
400:
387:
326:
228:Mai là sinh viên
202:
199:
181:
174:
94:
91:
73:
66:
9805:
9804:
9800:
9799:
9798:
9796:
9795:
9794:
9780:
9779:
9778:
9773:
9754:
9721:
9693:
9675:
9643:Native American
9636:
9606:
9578:
9540:
9511:
9483:
9460:
9407:
9374:
9341:
9296:
9236:
9182:
9129:
9072:
9034:
8964:
8929:
8851:
8828:
8750:
8729:Scottish Gaelic
8688:
8594:
8539:
8530:
8498:(Linguist List)
8492:(Linguist List)
8486:
8481:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8309:
8305:
8296:
8292:
8287:
8283:
8274:
8270:
8233:
8229:
8224:
8220:
8214:
8210:
8204:đại từ kính ngữ
8201:
8197:
8190:
8175:
8174:
8170:
8165:
8161:
8148:
8144:
8135:
8131:
8122:
8118:
8113:
8109:
8097:In addition to
8096:
8092:
8080:In addition to
8079:
8075:
8063:In addition to
8062:
8058:
8052:
8048:
8040:In Vietnamese,
8039:
8035:
8028:
8009:
8008:
8001:
7988:
7987:
7983:
7949:
7936:
7935:
7924:
7917:
7896:
7895:
7886:
7847:
7843:
7838:
7834:
7821:
7817:
7784:
7780:
7766:
7762:
7758:
7736:
7675:
7647:một triệu tỉ tỉ
7330:mười ngàn/nghìn
6911:Numbers 100-999
6504:
6496:Sino-Vietnamese
6491:
6485:
6466:"how many days"
6448:"how much/many"
6383:"the other day"
6325:
6308:
6298:
6290:
6280:
6270:
6262:
6254:
6205:
6196:
6182:
6171:
6162:
6151:
6140:
6101:
6092:
6078:
6067:
6058:
6047:
6035:
6025:
5782:"that way, so"
5606:
5600:
5597:
5590:needs expansion
5575:
5405:
5393:grammaticalized
5386:
5381:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5339:needs expansion
5324:
5302:
5292:
5284:
5276:
5266:
5221:
5155:
5149:
5146:
5139:needs expansion
5124:
5108:bound morphemes
5100:
5091:
5083:
5075:
5067:
5059:
5050:
5041:
5033:
5025:
5017:
5009:
5000:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4932:(ungrammatical)
4902:
4896:
4893:
4886:needs expansion
4871:
4861:(ungrammatical)
4818:
4812:
4809:
4802:needs expansion
4787:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4751:needs expansion
4736:
4710:As a result of
4406:
4263:
4236:
4227:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4190:
4181:
4141:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4095:
4086:
4072:
4064:
4026:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3993:
3985:
3974:
3965:
3925:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3873:
3864:
3837:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3811:needs expansion
3796:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3724:needs expansion
3709:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3677:needs expansion
3662:
3657:
3649:
3636:
3620:
3611:
3598:
3582:
3573:
3560:
3544:
3535:
3522:
3506:
3495:
3482:
3466:
3457:
3444:
3428:
3419:
3406:
3390:
3381:
3368:
3352:
3329:"that yonder",
3325:"that yonder",
3279:
3273:
3270:
3263:needs expansion
3248:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3223:needs expansion
3205:
3167:The classifier
3162:Sino-Vietnamese
2868:
2851:
2832:
2823:
2813:
2804:
2786:
2778:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2677:
2638:
2634:CLF horse black
2617:
2609:
2599:
2589:
2570:
2561:
2550:
2541:
2483:
2479:CLF horse black
2463:
2453:
2445:
2435:
2416:
2407:
2396:
2387:
2330:
2326:CLF little kind
2320:con nhỏ {tử tế}
2315:
2307:
2299:
2289:
2272:
2263:
2252:
2243:
2197:
2188:
2170:
2162:
2149:
2140:
2123:
2119:CLF husband KIN
2108:
2098:
2090:
2080:
2044:
2028:
2020:
2006:
1998:
1988:
1973:
1971:"this very cat"
1957:
1952:mèo = non-human
1949:
1935:
1927:
1917:
1902:
1886:
1878:
1864:
1856:
1846:
1785:các con mèo này
1777:hai chó đen này
1761:
1753:
1735:
1721:
1713:
1703:
1689:
1672:
1660:con chó đen này
1654:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1614:
1600:
1576:
1574:"this very dog"
1558:
1544:
1536:
1522:
1512:
1500:
1498:"this very dog"
1484:
1470:
1462:
1452:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1340:
1332:
1322:
1307:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1212:As in English,
1210:
1202:
1186:
1178:
1168:
1153:
1137:
1123:
1115:
1105:
1092:
1076:
1068:
1058:
1037:
1029:
1013:
1005:
992:
976:
968:
952:
950:
934:
926:
913:
897:
889:
734:numeral section
725:
719:
716:
709:needs expansion
694:
689:
687:"(the) oranges"
673:
665:
655:
640:
624:
616:
600:
591:
585:
582:
575:needs expansion
560:
555:
547:
546:
542:
541:
537:
536:
532:
531:
527:
526:
522:
521:
517:
516:
512:
504:
499:
498:
489:
484:
483:
468:
463:
462:
453:
448:
447:
438:
433:
432:
429:
418:
413:
412:
403:
398:
397:
388:
372:
291:collective noun
275:is ill-formed.
203:
197:
194:
187:needs expansion
172:
167:
95:
89:
86:
79:needs expansion
64:
32:topic-prominent
17:
12:
11:
5:
9803:
9801:
9793:
9792:
9782:
9781:
9775:
9774:
9772:
9771:
9765:
9763:
9756:
9755:
9753:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9731:
9729:
9723:
9722:
9720:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9703:
9701:
9695:
9694:
9692:
9691:
9685:
9683:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9647:
9645:
9638:
9637:
9635:
9634:
9629:
9628:
9627:
9616:
9614:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9588:
9586:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9550:
9548:
9542:
9541:
9539:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9522:
9520:
9513:
9512:
9510:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9493:
9491:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9481:
9476:
9470:
9468:
9462:
9461:
9459:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9417:
9415:
9409:
9408:
9406:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9384:
9382:
9376:
9375:
9373:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9351:
9349:
9343:
9342:
9340:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9318:
9317:
9306:
9304:
9298:
9297:
9295:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9268:
9267:
9257:
9252:
9246:
9244:
9238:
9237:
9235:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9193:
9191:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9139:
9137:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9086:
9084:
9078:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9071:
9070:
9065:
9064:
9063:
9058:
9048:
9042:
9040:
9036:
9035:
9033:
9032:
9031:
9030:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8974:
8972:
8966:
8965:
8963:
8962:
8961:
8960:
8950:
8945:
8939:
8937:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8905:Serbo-Croatian
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8861:
8859:
8853:
8852:
8850:
8849:
8844:
8838:
8836:
8830:
8829:
8827:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8805:
8804:
8799:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8779:Istro-Romanian
8776:
8771:
8766:
8760:
8758:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8748:
8747:
8746:
8741:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8720:
8719:
8709:
8704:
8698:
8696:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8640:
8639:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8613:
8611:
8602:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8592:
8591:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8555:
8550:
8544:
8541:
8540:
8531:
8529:
8528:
8521:
8514:
8506:
8500:
8499:
8493:
8485:
8484:External links
8482:
8480:
8479:
8472:
8465:
8454:
8443:
8436:
8429:
8422:
8415:Nguyễn Tài Cẩn
8412:
8401:
8394:
8380:
8373:
8366:
8359:
8345:
8334:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8316:
8314:
8313:
8303:
8290:
8281:
8268:
8227:
8218:
8208:
8195:
8188:
8168:
8159:
8142:
8129:
8116:
8107:
8090:
8073:
8056:
8046:
8042:đại từ xưng hô
8033:
8026:
7999:
7981:
7922:
7916:978-3110289411
7915:
7884:
7866:cleft sentence
7841:
7832:
7815:
7778:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7753:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7735:
7732:
7731:
7730:
7720:
7714:
7704:
7674:
7671:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7659:
7654:
7650:
7649:
7644:
7641:
7636:
7632:
7631:
7629:một ngàn tỉ tỉ
7626:
7623:
7618:
7614:
7613:
7608:
7605:
7600:
7593:must be used.
7567:
7566:
7562:
7561:
7557:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7547:
7544:
7539:
7536:
7531:
7528:
7523:
7519:
7518:
7513:
7510:
7505:
7502:
7497:
7494:
7489:
7485:
7484:
7479:
7476:
7471:
7468:
7463:
7460:
7455:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7442:
7437:
7434:
7429:
7426:
7421:
7417:
7416:
7411:
7408:
7403:
7400:
7395:
7392:
7387:
7383:
7382:
7377:
7374:
7369:
7366:
7361:
7358:
7353:
7349:
7348:
7343:
7340:
7335:
7332:
7327:
7324:
7322:một ngàn/nghìn
7319:
7302:(Southern) or
7296:
7295:
7291:
7290:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7268:
7265:
7260:
7257:
7252:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7239:
7234:
7231:
7226:
7222:
7221:
7216:
7213:
7208:
7205:
7200:
7196:
7195:
7190:
7187:
7182:
7179:
7174:
7170:
7169:
7164:
7161:
7156:
7153:
7148:
7144:
7143:
7138:
7135:
7130:
7127:
7122:
7118:
7117:
7112:
7109:
7104:
7101:
7096:
7092:
7091:
7086:
7083:
7078:
7075:
7070:
7066:
7065:
7063:chín trăm mười
7060:
7057:
7052:
7049:
7044:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7031:
7026:
7023:
7018:
7014:
7013:
7008:
7005:
7000:
6997:
6992:
6988:
6987:
6982:
6979:
6974:
6971:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6949:
6944:
6941:
6936:
6913:
6912:
6908:
6907:
6897:
6867:
6866:
6828:
6827:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6767:
6764:
6759:
6755:
6754:
6748:
6742:
6737:
6733:
6732:
6726:
6720:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6704:
6698:
6689:
6685:
6684:
6678:
6672:
6667:
6663:
6662:
6656:
6650:
6645:
6641:
6640:
6634:
6628:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6586:
6580:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6567:
6561:
6552:
6548:
6547:
6544:
6541:
6538:
6528:
6527:
6503:
6500:
6487:Main article:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6473:
6467:
6461:
6455:
6449:
6443:
6437:
6431:
6425:
6419:
6385:
6384:
6378:
6299:
6291:
6281:
6271:
6263:
6255:
6245:
6244:
6227:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6211:
6207:
6206:
6201:brother 3SG.PN
6183:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6131:
6130:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6097:brother 3SG.PN
6079:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6026:
6018:
6017:
5999:
5998:
5963:. There is an
5794:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5783:
5777:
5771:
5767:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5742:"which(ever)"
5737:
5731:
5725:
5722:này/nầy/nay/ni
5719:
5718:Noun modifier
5715:
5714:
5711:
5705:
5704:"there, that"
5699:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5685:
5682:
5676:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5614:demonstratives
5608:
5607:
5587:
5585:
5574:
5573:Demonstratives
5571:
5567:
5566:
5560:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5536:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5442:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5404:
5401:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5357:
5356:
5336:
5334:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5285:
5277:
5267:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5208:
5207:
5200:
5199:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5183:
5176:
5175:
5168:
5167:
5157:
5156:
5136:
5134:
5123:
5120:
5086:nói bậy nói bạ
5084:
5076:
5068:
5060:
5052:
5051:
5034:
5026:
5023:back and forth
5018:
5010:
5002:
5001:
4984:
4976:
4968:
4960:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4941:Anh hãy ăn đi!
4937:
4936:
4933:
4925:
4924:
4917:
4904:
4903:
4883:
4881:
4870:
4869:Functive verbs
4867:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4833:
4820:
4819:
4799:
4797:
4786:
4783:
4769:
4768:
4748:
4746:
4735:
4732:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4669:
4668:
4661:
4660:
4653:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4598:
4597:
4590:
4589:
4582:
4581:
4574:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4483:"you (guys)",
4468:. The pronoun
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4389:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4364:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4346:
4345:
4339:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4168:
4167:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4073:
4065:
4055:
4054:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3952:
3951:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3909:
3901:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3857:
3856:
3845:
3833:Main article:
3829:
3828:
3808:
3806:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3767:
3742:
3741:
3721:
3719:
3708:
3705:
3695:
3694:
3674:
3672:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3647:"which person"
3621:
3613:
3612:
3583:
3575:
3574:
3545:
3537:
3536:
3533:"a moment ago"
3507:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3467:
3459:
3458:
3429:
3421:
3420:
3391:
3383:
3382:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3281:
3280:
3260:
3258:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3220:
3218:
3204:
3201:
3142:
3141:
3131:
3121:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3081:
3071:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3021:
2999:
2833:
2825:
2824:
2806:
2805:
2779:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2676:
2673:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2610:
2600:
2590:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2528:
2527:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2454:
2446:
2436:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2374:
2373:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2308:
2300:
2290:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2230:
2229:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2171:
2163:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2113:thằng chồng em
2099:
2091:
2081:
2067:
2066:
2046:Functionally,
2033:người lính này
2021:
2007:
1999:
1989:
1975:
1974:
1950:
1936:
1928:
1918:
1904:
1903:
1879:
1865:
1857:
1847:
1833:
1832:
1822:must be used:
1758:
1757:
1722:
1714:
1704:
1690:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1615:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1545:
1537:
1523:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1471:
1463:
1453:
1439:
1438:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1333:
1323:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1284:
1276:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1228:nouns such as
1207:
1206:
1200:"(a) few fish"
1179:
1169:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1124:
1116:
1106:
1094:
1093:
1087:CLF dictionary
1081:cuốn {từ điển}
1069:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1006:
994:
993:
990:"(a) few days"
969:
957:
956:
954:
948:"three nights"
927:
915:
914:
890:
878:
877:
872:
868:
867:
864:
863:
860:
850:
849:
846:
840:
839:
836:
830:
829:
826:
820:
819:
816:
810:
809:
806:
800:
799:
796:
786:
785:
782:
772:
771:
768:
749:
748:
747:English gloss
745:
727:
726:
706:
704:
693:
690:
666:
656:
642:
641:
617:
603:
602:
593:
592:
572:
570:
559:
556:
510:
490:
469:
454:
439:
427:
419:
404:
389:
382:
381:
375:
374:
369:
366:
365:DEMONSTRATIVE
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
313:
312:
309:
306:
305:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
283:
267:The adjective
265:
264:
263:"Mai is tall."
261:
249:results in an
235:
234:
231:
205:
204:
184:
182:
171:
168:
166:
163:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
97:
96:
76:
74:
63:
60:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9802:
9791:
9788:
9787:
9785:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9764:
9762:
9757:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9732:
9730:
9728:
9724:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9704:
9702:
9700:
9696:
9690:
9687:
9686:
9684:
9682:
9678:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9648:
9646:
9644:
9639:
9633:
9630:
9626:
9623:
9622:
9621:
9618:
9617:
9615:
9613:
9609:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9589:
9587:
9585:
9581:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9551:
9549:
9547:
9543:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9523:
9521:
9519:
9514:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9494:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9471:
9469:
9467:
9466:Austroasiatic
9463:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9418:
9416:
9414:
9410:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9381:
9377:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9350:
9348:
9344:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9316:
9313:
9312:
9311:
9308:
9307:
9305:
9303:
9299:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9266:
9263:
9262:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9243:
9239:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9194:
9192:
9190:
9185:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9140:
9138:
9136:
9132:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9087:
9085:
9083:
9079:
9069:
9066:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9053:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9043:
9041:
9037:
9029:
9026:
9025:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8971:
8967:
8959:
8956:
8955:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8938:
8936:
8932:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8862:
8860:
8858:
8854:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8839:
8837:
8835:
8831:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8794:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8757:
8753:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8718:
8715:
8714:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8699:
8697:
8695:
8691:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8638:
8635:
8634:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8612:
8610:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8600:Indo-European
8597:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8560:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8553:Orthographies
8551:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8542:
8538:
8534:
8527:
8522:
8520:
8515:
8513:
8508:
8507:
8504:
8497:
8494:
8491:
8488:
8487:
8483:
8477:
8473:
8470:
8466:
8464:(4), 610–618.
8463:
8459:
8455:
8452:
8448:
8444:
8441:
8437:
8434:
8430:
8427:
8423:
8420:
8416:
8413:
8410:
8406:
8402:
8399:
8395:
8393:(1), 124–152.
8392:
8388:
8384:
8381:
8378:
8374:
8371:
8367:
8364:
8360:
8357:
8353:
8349:
8346:
8343:
8339:
8335:
8332:
8328:
8327:
8322:
8319:
8307:
8304:
8300:
8297:The compound
8294:
8291:
8285:
8282:
8278:
8272:
8269:
8265:
8261:
8257:
8253:
8249:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8231:
8228:
8222:
8219:
8212:
8209:
8205:
8199:
8196:
8191:
8189:0-7007-1322-0
8185:
8182:. Routledge.
8181:
8180:
8172:
8169:
8166:Cooke (1968).
8163:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8146:
8143:
8139:
8133:
8130:
8126:
8120:
8117:
8111:
8108:
8104:
8100:
8094:
8091:
8087:
8083:
8077:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8060:
8057:
8050:
8047:
8043:
8037:
8034:
8029:
8023:
8019:
8015:
8014:
8006:
8004:
8000:
7995:
7991:
7985:
7982:
7977:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7959:
7955:
7948:
7946:
7942:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7927:
7923:
7918:
7912:
7908:
7904:
7900:
7893:
7891:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7874:
7870:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7845:
7842:
7836:
7833:
7829:
7825:
7819:
7816:
7812:
7809:"precisely":
7808:
7804:
7800:
7798:
7792:
7788:
7782:
7779:
7775:
7774:
7770:
7764:
7761:
7755:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7737:
7733:
7728:
7724:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7712:
7708:
7705:
7702:
7699:
7698:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7672:
7666:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7564:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7551:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7521:
7520:
7517:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7483:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7449:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7415:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7347:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7293:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7279:
7272:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7224:
7223:
7220:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7194:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7168:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7120:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7090:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7055:hai trăm mười
7053:
7050:
7048:
7047:một trăm mười
7045:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7012:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6968:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6910:
6909:
6905:
6904:*bốn mươi năm
6901:
6898:
6895:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6864:
6863:*bốn mươi một
6860:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6825:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6797:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6752:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6612:
6609:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6545:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6490:
6482:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6432:
6429:
6426:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6352:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6269:
6266:
6261:
6258:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6243:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6229:The nominals
6219:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6195:
6186:
6181:
6178:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6161:
6158:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6082:
6077:
6074:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6024:
6021:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6004:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5971:"day(time)":
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5604:
5595:
5591:
5588:This section
5586:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5409:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5389:Kinship terms
5384:Kinship terms
5383:
5378:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5353:
5344:
5340:
5337:This section
5335:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5321:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5283:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5262:
5257:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5219:Passivization
5218:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5153:
5144:
5140:
5137:This section
5135:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5122:Tense markers
5121:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5082:
5079:
5074:
5073:objectionable
5071:
5066:
5063:
5058:
5055:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5036:đi tới đi lui
5032:
5029:
5024:
5021:
5016:
5013:
5008:
5005:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4982:
4979:
4974:
4973:social status
4971:
4966:
4963:
4958:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4900:
4891:
4887:
4884:This section
4882:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4868:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4816:
4807:
4803:
4800:This section
4798:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4785:Stative verbs
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4765:
4756:
4752:
4749:This section
4747:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4426:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4258:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4218:
4215:
4210:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4076:
4071:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3984:
3981:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3907:
3904:
3899:
3896:
3891:
3888:
3883:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3836:
3825:
3816:
3812:
3809:This section
3807:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3793:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3738:
3729:
3725:
3722:This section
3720:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3691:
3682:
3678:
3675:This section
3673:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3659:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3635:
3626:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3559:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3456:
3455:"that moment"
3453:
3450:
3449:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3414:year PROX.DEM
3412:
3411:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3376:lady PROX.DEM
3374:
3373:
3367:
3358:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3287:demonstrative
3277:
3268:
3264:
3261:This section
3259:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3245:
3237:
3228:
3224:
3221:This section
3219:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2902:(river), and
2901:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:measure words
2682:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2010:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:cuốn sách này
1890:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1868:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1734:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:definite word
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:The optional
1369:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:kilogram meat
1301:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1003:
999:
998:
991:
988:
986:
982:
980:
975:
972:
967:
966:
962:
961:
955:
953:
949:
946:
944:
940:
938:
933:
930:
925:
924:
920:
919:
912:
909:
907:
903:
901:
896:
893:
888:
887:
883:
882:
876:
875:
871:
861:
859:
855:
852:
851:
847:
845:
842:
841:
837:
835:
832:
831:
828:each in turn
827:
825:
822:
821:
817:
815:
812:
811:
807:
805:
802:
801:
798:several, few
797:
795:
791:
788:
787:
783:
781:
777:
774:
773:
769:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
737:
735:
723:
714:
710:
707:This section
705:
702:
698:
697:
691:
688:
685:
683:
679:
677:
672:
669:
664:
659:
654:
653:
647:
646:
639:
638:"(the) ideas"
636:
634:
630:
628:
623:
620:
615:
614:
608:
607:
601:
598:
589:
580:
576:
573:This section
571:
568:
564:
563:
557:
554:
551:
543:DEMONSTRATIVE
514:
507:
503:
496:
493:
488:
485:DEMONSTRATIVE
481:
472:
467:
460:
457:
452:
445:
442:
437:
430:
422:
417:
410:
407:
402:
395:
392:
386:
380:
373:(possessive)
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
324:
322:
318:
315:Nouns can be
310:
307:
303:abstract noun
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
284:
281:
280:
279:
276:
274:
270:
262:
259:
256:
255:
254:
252:
251:ungrammatical
248:
247:Mai sinh viên
244:
240:
232:
229:
226:
225:
224:
222:
218:
215:
211:
201:
192:
188:
185:This section
183:
180:
176:
175:
169:
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
106:
104:
93:
84:
80:
77:This section
75:
72:
68:
67:
61:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
9592:Massachusett
9546:Austronesian
9478:
9413:Sino-Tibetan
8679:West Frisian
8578:Prepositions
8557:
8475:
8468:
8461:
8457:
8450:
8446:
8439:
8432:
8425:
8418:
8408:
8404:
8397:
8390:
8386:
8376:
8369:
8362:
8358:(41), 38–47.
8355:
8351:
8348:Cao Xuân Hạo
8341:
8330:
8323:Bibliography
8317:
8306:
8298:
8293:
8284:
8276:
8271:
8263:
8259:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8239:
8235:
8230:
8221:
8211:
8203:
8198:
8178:
8171:
8162:
8154:
8150:
8145:
8140:as literary.
8137:
8132:
8124:
8119:
8110:
8102:
8098:
8093:
8085:
8081:
8076:
8068:
8064:
8059:
8049:
8041:
8036:
8016:. Honolulu:
8012:
7993:
7990:Cao Xuân Hạo
7984:
7957:
7953:
7944:
7940:
7902:
7879:
7875:
7868:
7861:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7844:
7835:
7818:
7810:
7806:
7796:
7794:
7790:
7786:
7781:
7772:
7771:
7763:
7726:
7722:
7716:
7710:
7706:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7686:
7682:
7678:
7676:
7665:một tỉ tỉ tỉ
7664:
7657:một triệu tỉ
7656:
7646:
7638:
7628:
7620:
7610:
7602:
7590:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7570:
7568:
7549:
7541:
7533:
7525:
7515:
7507:
7499:
7491:
7481:
7473:
7465:
7457:
7447:
7439:
7431:
7423:
7413:
7405:
7397:
7389:
7379:
7371:
7363:
7355:
7345:
7337:
7329:
7321:
7307:
7303:
7299:
7297:
7270:
7262:
7254:
7244:
7236:
7228:
7218:
7210:
7202:
7192:
7184:
7176:
7166:
7158:
7150:
7140:
7132:
7124:
7114:
7106:
7098:
7088:
7080:
7072:
7062:
7054:
7046:
7036:
7028:
7020:
7010:
7002:
6994:
6984:
6976:
6966:
6964:
6954:
6946:
6938:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6914:
6903:
6900:bốn mươi lăm
6899:
6893:
6889:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6870:
6869:The numeral
6868:
6862:
6859:bốn mươi mốt
6858:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6830:The numeral
6829:
6823:
6819:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6798:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6779:
6769:
6761:
6750:
6744:
6739:
6728:
6722:
6717:
6706:
6700:
6695:
6691:
6680:
6674:
6669:
6658:
6652:
6647:
6636:
6630:
6625:
6621:
6610:
6604:
6599:
6588:
6582:
6577:
6563:
6558:
6554:
6540:base numeral
6529:
6526:Numbers 1-99
6519:
6515:
6511:
6505:
6492:
6475:
6469:
6463:
6457:
6451:
6445:
6439:
6433:
6427:
6421:
6415:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6386:
6380:
6374:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6353:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6326:
6322:
6319:
6317:có đi không?
6314:
6310:
6309:
6303:
6295:
6285:
6277:
6273:
6267:
6259:
6251:
6247:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6228:
6203:
6200:
6197:
6187:
6179:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6159:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6083:
6075:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6055:
6045:
6042:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6006:
6002:
6000:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5975:
5968:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5895:proportion,
5892:
5888:
5884:
5881:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5846:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5795:
5788:"how(ever)"
5785:
5779:
5773:
5762:
5756:
5750:
5739:
5733:
5727:
5721:
5707:
5701:
5687:
5678:
5672:
5638:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5616:(markers of
5611:
5598:
5594:adding to it
5589:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5502:
5496:
5490:
5484:
5478:
5472:
5466:
5460:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5437:
5431:
5425:
5419:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5387:
5369:
5360:
5347:
5343:adding to it
5338:
5310:
5308:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5281:
5271:
5263:
5255:
5245:
5243:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5209:
5201:
5193:
5185:
5177:
5169:
5160:
5147:
5143:adding to it
5138:
5115:
5112:reduplicated
5103:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5080:
5072:
5064:
5056:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5030:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4980:
4972:
4964:
4956:
4948:
4940:
4930:Giáp rất ăn.
4929:
4920:
4913:
4907:
4894:
4890:adding to it
4885:
4858:
4848:Giáp rất cao
4847:
4840:
4837:exhortatives
4829:
4823:
4810:
4806:adding to it
4801:
4778:
4775:noun section
4772:
4759:
4755:adding to it
4750:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4682:
4672:
4664:
4656:
4648:
4642:
4631:
4623:
4612:
4601:
4593:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4563:
4539:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4407:
4402:
4391:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4366:
4360:
4349:
4341:
4335:
4324:
4292:
4290:
4279:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4264:
4256:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4198:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4172:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4103:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4077:
4069:
4059:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3956:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3841:noun phrases
3838:
3819:
3815:adding to it
3810:
3770:definiteness
3761:generic mood
3747:
3745:
3732:
3728:adding to it
3723:
3698:
3685:
3681:adding to it
3676:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3608:
3606:day DIST.DEM
3605:
3601:
3599:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3570:
3568:day DIST.DEM
3567:
3563:
3561:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3483:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3271:
3267:adding to it
3262:
3231:
3227:adding to it
3222:
3206:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3166:
3153:
3145:
3143:
3133:
3123:
3113:
3103:
3093:
3083:
3073:
3063:
3053:
3043:
3033:
3023:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3001:
2991:
2986:
2977:
2975:
2971:nominalizing
2964:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2820:
2817:
2815:{Bao nhiêu?}
2814:
2810:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2701:
2678:
2667:
2663:
2661:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2532:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2440:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2378:
2360:intonational
2358:receives an
2355:
2353:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2294:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2234:
2220:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2175:
2167:
2157:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2131:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2095:
2085:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:lính = human
2022:
2011:
2003:
1993:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1940:
1932:
1922:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1869:
1861:
1851:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1726:
1718:
1708:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1680:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1619:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1571:dog DEM.PROX
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1549:
1541:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1467:
1457:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1407:superarticle
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1240:"kilogram",
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:"soil", and
1221:
1217:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1120:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1001:
1000:
996:
989:
984:
983:
978:
977:
973:
964:
963:
959:
951:
947:
942:
941:
936:
935:
931:
922:
921:
917:
910:
905:
904:
899:
898:
894:
885:
884:
880:
869:
857:
853:
843:
833:
823:
813:
803:
793:
789:
779:
775:
764:
760:
756:
752:
730:
717:
713:adding to it
708:
686:
681:
680:
675:
674:
670:
660:
649:
648:
644:
637:
632:
631:
626:
625:
621:
610:
609:
605:
599:
596:
583:
579:adding to it
574:
552:
515:
508:
505:
497:
494:
482:
473:
461:
458:
446:
443:
431:
423:
411:
408:
396:
393:
378:
321:noun phrases
314:
285:common noun
277:
272:
268:
266:
257:
246:
242:
238:
236:
227:
221:predications
216:
208:
195:
191:adding to it
186:
165:Morphosyntax
151:constituents
144:
141:prepositions
100:
87:
83:adding to it
78:
62:Word classes
40:head-initial
18:
9761:constructed
9745:Interlingue
9740:Interlingua
9612:Uto-Aztecan
9302:Niger–Congo
9242:Afroasiatic
8568:Determiners
8548:Phonologies
8453:(1), 39–52.
7960:: 161–171.
7799:cái bàn này
7639:một ngàn tỉ
7575:short-scale
6923:("odd") or
6770:(mười mươi)
6043:person that
5840:instead of
5832:instead of
5820:instead of
5747:Proportion
5664:Indefinite
5612:Vietnamese
5282:many people
5279:nhiều người
5106:splits the
4864:“Be white!”
4667:(familiar)
4659:(familiar)
4645:(familiar)
4639:3rd Person
4609:2nd Person
4572:(literary)
4560:1st person
4399:3rd Person
4374:2nd Person
4369:(intimate)
4363:(intimate)
4321:1st person
4275:con chó này
4088:con chó này
3417:"this year"
3379:"this lady"
2951:of dynamite
2821:"How many?"
2681:classifiers
2190:chẳng ra gì
2056:connotation
1962:con mèo này
1741:con mèo này
1489:con chó này
1252:"handful",
1234:ruộng nương
902:{quan điểm}
692:Quantifiers
548:PREP PHRASE
509:all two CLF
500:PREP PHRASE
347:CLASSIFIER
341:QUANTIFIER
282:proper noun
125:quantifiers
118:classifiers
101:Vietnamese
9518:East Asian
9479:Vietnamese
9265:Historical
9227:Mingrelian
8993:Hindustani
8970:Indo-Aryan
8920:Slovincian
8880:Macedonian
8865:Belarusian
8847:Lithuanian
8809:Portuguese
8739:colloquial
8563:Adjectives
8417:. (1975).
8411:, 127–136.
8125:kẻ hạ thần
8027:0824811178
7729:) "fourth"
7713:) "second"
7583:ngàn/nghìn
7308:không trăm
6838:tone >
6807:tone >
6518:"number",
6478:"that far"
6460:"how long"
5642:adverbials
5438:Con yêu mẹ
5432:Mẹ yêu con
5426:Em yêu anh
5420:Anh yêu em
5413:I love you
5397:honorifics
5290:know about
4859:Hãy trắng!
4675:(generic)
4651:(generic)
4505:chúng mình
4244:predicate
4149:predicate
4034:predicate
3933:predicate
3778:count noun
3116:quyển/cuốn
2818:{how many}
2808:Bao nhiêu?
2693:mass nouns
2208:predicate
1810:"dog" (in
1395:extra" cái
1256:"cupful":
1232:"cattle",
1226:collective
1214:mass nouns
1074:dictionary
744:Quantifier
684:CLF orange
528:CLASSIFIER
523:QUANTIFIER
444:dictionary
434:CLASSIFIER
414:QUANTIFIER
353:HEAD NOUN
308:classifier
273:Mai là cao
153:below the
135:adjectives
20:Vietnamese
9735:Esperanto
9727:auxiliary
9625:Classical
9536:Mongolian
9426:Cantonese
9360:Malayalam
9347:Dravidian
9217:Kabardian
9125:Meänkieli
9100:Hungarian
8925:Ukrainian
8870:Bulgarian
8769:Dalmatian
8669:Ripuarian
8664:Old Norse
8659:Norwegian
8654:Icelandic
8617:Afrikaans
8299:mười mươi
7803:haplology
7693:"tenth".
7611:một tỉ tỉ
7603:một triệu
6965:một trăm
6955:chín trăm
6894:*mười năm
6842:tone) to
6824:*bốn mười
6811:tone) to
6751:chín mươi
6745:mười chín
6472:"how big"
6446:bao nhiêu
6440:bấy nhiêu
6434:bây nhiêu
5965:idiomatic
5879:"which".
5796:The form
5655:Proximal
5652:Function
5626:người này
5545:Bố/Ba/Cha
5313:chóng mặt
4970:thân phận
4552:Singular
4533:chúng bay
4497:chúng tao
4493:chúng tôi
4481:chúng mày
4313:Singular
3782:mass noun
3755:reference
3571:"one day"
3464:gentleman
3187:cái chiếc
2943:of cattle
2878:(knife),
2470:con ngựa
2058:, as in:
1345:lạng thịt
908:viewpoint
895:viewpoint
892:quan điểm
858:bấy nhiêu
854:bây nhiêu
844:bao nhiêu
533:HEAD NOUN
449:HEAD NOUN
379:Example:
329:TOTALITY
300:time noun
297:mass noun
288:item noun
243:sinh viên
241:precedes
9784:Category
9699:artistic
9689:American
9651:Cherokee
9559:Hawaiian
9497:Has Hlai
9441:Kokborok
9436:Dzongkha
9398:Okinawan
9388:Japanese
9292:Ugaritic
9287:Tigrinya
9212:Georgian
9189:European
9115:Livonian
9090:Estonian
9046:Albanian
9023:Sanskrit
8998:Maithili
8988:Gujarati
8983:Bhojpuri
8900:Silesian
8824:Venetian
8814:Romanian
8793:Lombard
8744:literary
8609:Germanic
8583:Pronouns
8558:Grammars
8533:Grammars
8458:Language
8216:speaker.
8151:người ta
7992:(1998).
7976:30637415
7871:and the
7769:asterisk
7734:See also
7701:thứ nhất
7691:thứ mười
7689:"ten" =
7546:155,121
7512:155,101
7478:155,100
7444:155,055
7410:155,021
7376:155,001
7342:155,000
6947:hai trăm
6939:một trăm
6890:mười lăm
6820:bốn mươi
6794:tám mươi
6786:mười tám
6729:tám mươi
6723:mười tám
6707:bảy mươi
6701:mười bảy
6681:sáu mươi
6675:mười sáu
6659:năm mươi
6653:mười lăm
6637:bốn mươi
6631:mười bốn
6589:hai mươi
6583:mười hai
6564:mười một
6512:số không
6502:Cardinal
6483:Numerals
6464:bao ngày
6403:"time",
6375:ngày kia
6313:đi chợ,
5863:"this",
5681:"there"
5669:Nominal
5634:người đó
5601:May 2008
5553:: mother
5551:Mẹ/Má/Mợ
5547:: father
5350:May 2008
5287:biết tới
5264:Trần Lập
5261:Trần Lập
5150:May 2008
5057:to speak
4897:May 2008
4839:such as
4813:May 2008
4762:May 2008
4705:người ta
4673:người ta
4649:người ta
4525:chúng ta
4501:chúng ta
4485:chúng nó
4004:Việt Nam
3903:Việt Nam
3822:May 2008
3794:Pronouns
3735:May 2008
3688:May 2008
3321:"that",
3317:"that",
3313:"that",
3309:"that",
3305:"this",
3301:"this",
3297:"this",
3293:"this",
3274:May 2008
3234:May 2008
3106:quả/trái
2886:(road),
2866:"Four ."
2862:CLF.ANIM
2811:how many
2797:CLF.ANIM
2168:turn.out
1814:) since
1663:two.NUM
1419:chỉ xuất
1376:particle
1296:cân thịt
1281:kilogram
1220:"meat",
1216:such as
1197:CLF fish
1118:hoa hồng
720:May 2008
629:{ý nghĩ}
586:May 2008
518:TOTALITY
456:Việt Anh
399:TOTALITY
335:ARTICLE
317:modified
311:locative
198:May 2008
159:function
155:sentence
121:numerals
115:articles
90:May 2008
48:pro-drop
9707:Klingon
9661:Miskito
9620:Nahuatl
9574:Tagalog
9564:Ilocano
9554:Cebuano
9489:Kra–Dai
9456:Tibetan
9421:Burmese
9403:Hachijō
9380:Japonic
9355:Kannada
9332:Swahili
9163:Turkmen
9158:Turkish
9105:Ingrian
9095:Finnish
9068:Hittite
9056:Ancient
9018:Punjabi
9003:Marathi
8978:Bengali
8953:Persian
8943:Kurdish
8935:Iranian
8915:Slovene
8895:Russian
8842:Latvian
8819:Spanish
8802:Western
8797:Eastern
8784:Italian
8764:Catalan
8707:Cornish
8684:Yiddish
8674:Swedish
8644:Faroese
8632:English
8535:of the
8311:spaces.
7967:6326581
7824:animacy
7793:(e.g.,
7723:thứ bốn
7719:"third"
7711:thứ nhì
7707:thứ hai
7703:"first"
7673:Ordinal
7661:1 × 10
7653:1 × 10
7643:1 × 10
7635:1 × 10
7625:1 × 10
7617:1 × 10
7607:1 × 10
7599:1 × 10
7538:21,121
7530:10,121
7504:21,101
7496:10,101
7470:21,100
7462:10,100
7436:21,055
7428:10,055
7402:21,021
7394:10,021
7368:21,001
7360:10,001
7334:21,000
7326:10,000
6967:lẻ/linh
6611:ba mươi
6605:mười ba
6508:decimal
6470:bao lớn
6458:bao lâu
6452:bấy lâu
6428:bao giờ
6422:bấy giờ
6416:bây giờ
6381:ngày nọ
6268:market,
6180:brother
6076:brother
5992:, ngày
5988:, ngày
5984:, ngày
5980:, ngày
5853:như thế
5770:Manner
5730:"that"
5724:"this"
5708:kia/kìa
5675:"here"
5661:Distal
5658:Medial
5379:Lexicon
5309:Anh ta
5110:of the
5020:tới lui
4957:to know
4555:Plural
4316:Plural
4206:bao giờ
4111:bao giờ
4007:Vietnam
3906:Vietnam
3179:cái con
2967:of gold
2959:of hair
2957:strands
2894:(eye),
2799:chicken
2784:chicken
2096:husband
2004:soldier
1824:con chó
1812:cái chó
1763:Again,
1744:PL.ART
1567:{} CLF
1564:chó này
1230:trâu bò
1071:từ điển
794:dăm bảy
678:quả cam
441:từ điển
258:Mai cao
9769:Lojban
9759:Other
9717:Quenya
9666:Navajo
9641:Other
9602:Ojibwe
9597:Munsee
9531:Korean
9526:Evenki
9516:Other
9370:Telugu
9322:Herero
9282:Somali
9272:Kabyle
9260:Hebrew
9250:Arabic
9207:Basque
9202:Adyghe
9197:Abkhaz
9187:Other
9168:Uyghur
9148:Kyrgyz
9143:Kazakh
9135:Turkic
9120:Udmurt
9082:Uralic
9008:Nepali
8948:Pashto
8910:Slovak
8890:Polish
8857:Slavic
8834:Baltic
8774:French
8756:Italic
8702:Breton
8694:Celtic
8649:German
8622:Danish
8186:
8123:As in
8024:
7974:
7964:
7913:
7727:thứ tư
7717:thứ ba
7621:một tỉ
7522:1,121
7488:1,101
7454:1,100
7420:1,055
7386:1,021
7352:1,001
7318:1,000
6850:(with
6772:(100)
6476:bấy xa
6347:, and
6301:không?
6237:, and
6198:anh nó
6094:anh nó
6037:người
6023:person
5836:, and
5728:nấy/ấy
5618:deixis
5233:"được"
5225:"được"
5116:bậy bạ
5070:bậy bạ
4916:"very"
4832:‘very’
4726:, and
4479:as in
4301:number
4257:
4186:3SG.PN
3970:3SG.PN
3763:&
3651:
3638:người
3618:person
3515:MEDIAL
3504:moment
3475:MEDIAL
3437:MEDIAL
3426:moment
3076:chuyện
2955:three
2949:sticks
2546:1SG.PN
2392:1SG.PN
2363:stress
2305:little
2248:1SG.PN
2177:INTERR
2145:3SG.PN
2026:
1955:
1884:
1755:
1560:* con
1510:
1417:, and
1361:
1204:
1191:con cá
1024:people
1011:people
808:every
780:vài ba
767:, etc.
671:orange
619:ý nghĩ
214:copula
147:phrase
52:copula
22:is an
9712:Naʼvi
9671:Otomi
9656:Inuit
9632:Nawat
9584:Algic
9569:Malay
9474:Khmer
9365:Tamil
9327:Sotho
9315:Pular
9232:Ubykh
9178:Yakut
9173:Uzbek
9153:Tatar
9061:Koine
9051:Greek
9039:Other
9028:Vedic
8958:Tajik
8875:Czech
8789:Latin
8734:Welsh
8712:Irish
8627:Dutch
8588:Verbs
8573:Nouns
8277:không
7950:(PDF)
7862:horse
7807:chính
7795:*hai
7756:Notes
7587:triệu
7571:triệu
7304:nghìn
6881:) to
6877:>
6852:ngang
6813:-mươi
6809:ngang
6805:huyền
6790:-mươi
6782:mười-
6753:(90)
6731:(80)
6709:(70)
6683:(60)
6661:(50)
6639:(40)
6613:(30)
6591:(20)
6566:(11)
6546:× 10
6520:không
6405:nhiêu
6341:(n)ấy
6213:verb
6109:verb
6020:người
5976:ngày
5929:huyền
5925:ngang
5897:v-~s-
5521:Dượng
5114:word
5007:to go
4624:chàng
4586:thiếp
4540:chúng
4477:chúng
4293:chúng
4196:chẳng
4101:chẳng
3629:INDEF
3615:người
3036:người
3014:chiếc
3004:chiếc
2963:four
2882:đường
2860:four
2689:count
2646:verb
2615:black
2607:horse
2563:thích
2556:thích
2491:verb
2461:black
2451:horse
2409:thích
2402:thích
2338:verb
2310:tử tế
2155:chẳng
2093:chồng
2083:thằng
1991:người
1638:black
1383:focus
1300:three
1272:three
1018:người
1008:người
945:night
943:three
932:night
923:three
818:each
627:những
606:những
210:Nouns
132:verbs
109:nouns
9681:sign
9507:Thai
9451:Mizo
9337:Zulu
9310:Fula
9110:Komi
9013:Odia
8724:Manx
8447:Word
8387:Word
8262:and
8250:and
8238:and
8184:ISBN
8022:ISBN
7972:PMID
7943:and
7911:ISBN
7878:(or
7725:(or
7709:(or
7687:mười
7683:thứ-
7679:thứ-
7589:and
7300:ngàn
7267:955
7259:255
7251:155
7241:925
7233:225
7225:125
7215:922
7207:222
7199:122
7189:921
7181:221
7173:121
7163:920
7155:220
7147:120
7137:915
7129:215
7121:115
7111:912
7103:212
7095:112
7085:911
7077:211
7069:111
7059:910
7051:210
7043:110
7033:905
7025:205
7017:105
7007:902
6999:202
6991:102
6981:901
6973:201
6961:101
6951:900
6943:200
6935:100
6925:linh
6917:trăm
6848:mươi
6836:nặng
6801:mười
6762:mười
6747:(19)
6740:chín
6725:(18)
6703:(17)
6677:(16)
6655:(15)
6633:(14)
6607:(13)
6585:(12)
6543:+ 10
6358:and
6278:that
6265:chợ,
6252:this
6147:that
6138:that
6033:that
6005:and
5969:ngày
5937:nặng
5838:răng
5824:and
5563:Cháu
5509:Thím
5273:PASS
5269:được
5246:được
5244:Trà
5237:"bị"
5235:and
5229:"bị"
4954:biết
4632:ngài
4602:thần
4594:Trẫm
4570:choa
4531:and
4523:and
4513:mình
4503:and
4495:and
4470:mình
4367:mình
4361:mình
4299:and
4271:Hoan
4217:bark
4209:ever
4122:bark
4114:ever
4079:PROX
4015:only
4012:thôi
3999:food
3983:only
3914:only
3911:thôi
3898:food
3882:only
3869:Hoan
3866:Hoan
3862:Hoan
3859:Hoan
3780:vs.
3748:sách
3600:hôm
3591:DIST
3562:bữa
3553:DIST
3524:lúc
3484:ông
3446:lúc
3408:năm
3399:PROX
3388:year
3361:PROX
3350:lady
3156:tỉnh
3148:phút
3136:việc
2965:bars
2947:two
2941:head
2939:one
2898:sông
2853:Bốn
2847:ANIM
2830:four
2774:ANIM
2758:four
2734:sell
2691:and
2683:and
2626:NGỰA
2624:con
2603:NGỰA
2566:like
2559:like
2517:ngựa
2448:ngựa
2412:like
2405:like
2313:kind
2268:meet
2261:meet
2181:INAN
2017:PROX
2001:lính
1946:PROX
1875:PROX
1862:book
1859:sách
1849:cuốn
1737:các
1732:PROX
1656:hai
1651:PROX
1595:two.
1555:PROX
1481:PROX
1393:, ''
1354:meat
1352:tael
1338:meat
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5145:.
5104:nói
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4914:rất
4892:.
4841:hãy
4830:rất
4808:.
4757:.
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3730:.
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3291:này
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3229:.
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2052:cái
2048:cái
2037:FOC
2031:cái
2013:DEM
2009:này
1995:CLF
1984:FOC
1978:cái
1966:FOC
1960:cái
1942:DEM
1938:này
1933:cat
1930:mèo
1924:CLF
1920:con
1913:FOC
1907:cái
1895:FOC
1889:cái
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1800:cái
1796:cái
1792:cái
1783:cái
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1775:cái
1769:cái
1765:cái
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269:cao
193:.
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8460:,
8451:19
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8138:va
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7830:.)
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7585:,
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6714:8
6688:7
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6574:2
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5947:,
5917:-o
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5702:đó
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5515:Mợ
5497:Dì
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4779:là
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4701:nó
4693:va
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4330:–
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3843:.
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3315:ấy
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3199:.
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3126:tờ
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2750:me
2699:.
2538:PN
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2173:gì
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2137:PN
2129:nó
2101:em
1682:PL
1413:,
1409:,
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763:,
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