Walpurgis Night - Knowledge (XXG)

1403: 1821: 689: 980: 60: 673: 1758:, as it is called in Swedish, also marks the arrival of spring. The forms of celebration vary in different parts of the country and between different cities. Walpurgis celebrations are not a family occasion but rather a public event, and local groups often take responsibility for organising them to encourage community spirit in the village or neighbourhood. Celebrations normally include lighting the bonfire, choral singing and a speech to honour the arrival of the spring season, often held by a local celebrity. 2537:, on April 30, the eve of May Day. Walburga was an eighth-century Anglo-Saxon nun and missionary to Franconia, particularly to Bischofsheim on the Tauber, just south of Niklashausen. Her bones were "translated" (that is, moved) on 30 April—which became her feast day—sometime during the 870s to Eichstätt, where her brother Willibald had been bishop. Ever since then an oily liquid has oozed out of the rock on which her tomb rests, and has been renowned among pilgrims for its great healing power. 1646: 1157: 1125: 1107: 1688:' (roughly translated as 'May-Blaze') on that same day, where bonfires are lit near nightfall, just as on Walpurgis, but with the meaning to drive away the remaining cold of winter and welcome spring. Occasional mentions to the ritual occur, and at least once a feminist called group co-opted the name to call for attention to the position of women (following the example of German women's organizations), a variety of the 1897:), where students go to drink and spray champagne or sparkling wine on each other. The walls and floors of the old nation buildings are covered in plastic for this occasion, as the champagne is poured around recklessly and sometimes spilled enough to wade in. Spraying champagne is, however, a fairly recent addition to the Champagne Race. The name derives from the students running down the slope from the 1137: 2011: 878: 1997: 1762: 2771:

the invitation of Boniface, and there she founded, with her brother, St. Winnibald (d. 761), a double monastery (one for both me and women) at Heidenheim. Walburga was much beloved. She was believed to be able to protect crops and communicate with animals, and her powers were sought as a healer. Images sometimes present her as an earth mother with three ears of corn.

2818: 1003:. Huge bonfires up to 8 metres (26 ft) tall with a witch figure are built and burnt in the evening, preferably on top of hills. Young people gather around. Sudden black and dense smoke formations are cheered as "a witch flying away". An effigy of a witch is held up and thrown into a bonfire to burn. 2770:

St. Walburga (Walpurga, Walpurgia, Vaubourg, Falbourg) (710-777) was an Anglo-Saxon woman trained in medicine; she became a nun under St. Tatta at Wimbourne in Dorset, England. St. Boniface was her uncle, and her father was an under-king of the West Saxons. In 748 she followed St. Lioba to Germany at

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Walpurga, who at the special request of Boniface had accompanied her brother Winibald and kinsman Willibald from Dorsetshire to help the much-toiling missionary in Thuringia, represents a band of devoted women who founded sisterhoods in many parts of Germany, and tamed the people by their Christ-like

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M. Iohannis Coleri Calendarium Perpetuum, Et Libri Oeconomici: Das ist, Ein stetswerender Calender, darzu sehr nützliche vnd nötige Haußbücher: Vor die Haußwirt, Ackerleut, Apotecker, Kauffleute, Wanderßleute, Weinhern, Gärtner, den gemeinen Handwerckßleuten, und all den jenigen, so mit Wirtschafften

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as it is called in Uppsala. For students, Walpurgis Eve heralds freedom. Traditionally the exams were over and only the odd lecture remained before term ends. On the last day of April, the students don their characteristic white caps and sing songs of welcome to spring, to the budding greenery and to

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before leaving for Transylvania. It is Walpurgis Night, and in spite of the hotelier's warning not to be late coming back, the young man later leaves his carriage and wanders toward the direction of an abandoned "unholy" village. As the carriage departs with the frightened and superstitious driver, a

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As evening advances to midnight and fire is on the wane, it is time to go search for a cherry tree in blossom. This is another feast, connected with 1 May. Young women should be kissed past midnight (and during the following day) under a blossoming cherry (or if unavailable, another blossoming) tree,

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The term Walpurgis Night derives from the eighth-century Saint Walpurga. She came from England to Germany as a Christian missionary and was hailed for her powers against epidemics (except for Covid 19) that role was left to Pope Francis himeself. Francis interceded on the public's behalf and "prayed

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More modern Valborg celebrations, particularly among Uppsala students, often consist of enjoying a breakfast including champagne and strawberries. During the day, people gather in parks, drink considerable amounts of alcoholic beverages, barbecue, and generally enjoy the weather, if it happens to be

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the Hungarian population still knows about the fairy of the Thököly castle (Thököly vár), who sweeps the area around the Hungarian well at the dawn of Pentecost, and they still know about the witches who walk on May Day and Pentecost, but in most places, the source of evil was replaced by fire, ice,

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Blockes-Berges Verrichtung oder ausführlicher geographischer Bericht von den hohen trefflich alt- und berühmten Blockes-Berge: ingleichen von der Hexenfahrt und Zauber-Sabbathe, so auff solchen Berge die Unholden aus gantz Teutschland Jährlich den 1. Maij in Sanct-Walpurgis-Nachte anstellen sollen;

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Walpurgis Night, named for St. Walpurga (d. A.D. 777), an English saint whose feast day falls on May Day, is the evening of 30 April (May Day eve) when, as was widely held—particularly during medieval and Renaissance times—witches celebrate a sabbath. Still today there are places where bonfires are

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Choral singing is a popular pastime in Sweden, and on Walpurgis Eve virtually every choir in the country is busy. Singing traditional songs of spring is widespread throughout the country. The songs are mostly from the 19th century and were spread by students' spring festivities. The strongest and

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celebrations and regional traditions, especially in Finland and Sweden. Given that the intercession of Saint Walpurga was believed to be efficacious against evil magic, medieval and Renaissance tradition held that, during Walpurgis Night, witches celebrated a sabbath and evil powers were at their

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occurred on 1 May in the year 870, thus leading to the Feast of Saint Walpurga and its eve, Walpurgis Night, being popularly observed on this date. She quickly became one of the most popular saints in England, Germany, and France. When the bishop had Saint Walpurga's relics moved to Eichstätt,

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English and Hiberno‐Scottish monks also provided the Carolingian continent with an abundance of missionaries like St. Columbanus, St. Fridolin, St. Boniface, St. Willibrord, and the often overlooked abbess St. Walpurga. These missionaries led a clerical reform movement within the Carolingian

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During the Walpurgisnacht Walpurgisnacht, or Walpurgis Night, is one of the names given to the night of April 30, the eve of Saint Walpurga's feast day that falls on May 1. Since Saint Walpurga's feast occurs on May 1 the saint is associated with May Day, especially in Finland and

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are preserved the remains of that Saint. They are interred beneath the high altar, and a stream of oil, which obtains the highest repute for its medicinal qualities, flows from them, between October and May. On St. Walpurgis' Day, May 1, many thousand pilgrims repair to her

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The Medical Almanac: A Calendar of Dates of Significance to the Profession of Medicine, Including Fascinating Illustrations, Medical Milestones, Dates of Birth and Death of Notable Physicians, Brief Biographical Sketches, Quotations, and Assorted Medical Curiosities and

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is an important and widespread celebration of the arrival of spring in the country. Influenced by German culture, the night originally stood for the gathering and meeting of witches. Modern people still dress up as witches to wander the streets in a carnival-like mood.

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mountains, a range of wooded hills in central Germany. To ward off evil and protect themselves and their livestock, people would traditionally light fires on the hillsides, a tradition that continues in some regions today. In Bavaria, the feast day is sometimes called

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decorated the houses, which were used to ward off witches this day, because the Hungarians believed that different plants can protect against various diseases or supernatural dangers. But most witchcraft traditions occurred earlier in the spring festival cycle, on

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to listen to student choirs, orchestras, and speeches. An important part of the gathering is the ceremonial donning of the student cap, which stems from the time when students wore their caps daily and switched from black winter cap to white summer cap.

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In the Middle Ages, the administrative year ended on 30 April. Accordingly, this was a day of festivity among the merchants and craftsmen of the town, with trick-or-treat, dancing and singing in preparation for the forthcoming celebration of spring. Sir

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It is the Eve of Hexennacht (also known as Walpurgis Night) is upon us. To the members of The Satanic Temple, Hexennact is an occasion to "honoring those who fell victim to superstition and pseudoscience, whether by witch hunt, Satanic panic, or other

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In his separate poem Goethe seeks to go back to the origin of the first Walpurgis Night. May-day eve was consecrated to Saint Walpurgis, who converted the Saxons from Druidism to Christianity, and on that night the evil spirits were said to be

792:"miraculous cures were reported as her remains traveled along the route". Miracle cures were later reported from ailing people who anointed themselves with a fluid known as Walburga's oil that drained from the rock at her shrine at Eichstatt. 1787:

writes, "The first of May is a great popular festival in the more midland and southern parts of Sweden. On the eve of the festival, huge bonfires, which should be lighted by striking two flints together, blaze on all the hills and knolls."

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In some parts of northern coastal regions of Germany, the custom of lighting huge fires is still kept alive to celebrate the coming of May, while most parts of Germany have a derived Christianized custom around Easter called "Easter fires"

1813:, an older tradition, no longer practiced, was for the younger people to collect greenery and branches from the woods at twilight. These were used to adorn the houses of the village. The expected reward for this task was to be paid in 831:

on Saint Walburga's Day; in the 19th century, the number of pilgrims travelling to the Church of St. Walpurgis was described as "many thousand". Due to 1 May the date of Saint Walpurga's feast, it has become associated with other

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Walpurgis Night falls on the eve of the feast day of St. Walpurga, an English missionary who was celebrated in the Middle Ages as a protectress against magic. It was a night when witches were believed to ride freely through the

600:). In English, it is known as Saint Walpurga's Night, Saint Walburga's Night, Walpurgis Night, Saint Walpurga's Eve, Saint Walburga's Eve, the Feast of Saint Walpurga or the Feast of Saint Walburga. The Germanic term 1474:

The Brocken Spectre is a magnified shadow of an observer, typically surrounded by rainbow-like bands, thrown onto a bank of cloud in high mountain areas when the sun is low. The phenomenon was first reported on the

696:, where they are venerated, especially on 25 February (Saint Walpurga's death date) and 1 May (Saint Walpurga's canonization date), both of which are observed as the Feast of Saint Walpurga, depending on locality. 815:

says "Her day and its traditions almost certainly are traceable to pre-Christian celebrations that took place at this time, on the first of May". Art historian Pamela Berger noted Walpurga's association with

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campus. The university organizes student choir singing, as well as other types of entertainment and a speech by the president of the university. Different stalls sell hot dogs, candy, soft drinks, etc.

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Aus vielen Autoribus abgefasset und mit schönen Raritäten angeschmücket sampt zugehörigen Figuren; Nebenst einen Appendice vom Blockes-Berge wie auch des Alten Reinsteins und der Baumans Höle am Hartz

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The Eve of May has been memorialized as the night that all of the demons, specters, afreets, and banshees would come forth and hold their wold revels, symbolizing the fruition of the spring equinox.

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Early Christians in this region believed that, during Walpurgis Night, evil powers were at their strongest, and people had to protect themselves and their livestock by lighting fires on hillsides.

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In rural parts of southern Germany, it is part of popular youth culture to play pranks such as tampering with neighbours' gardens, hiding possessions, or spraying graffiti on private property.

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festival, celebrated in much of northern Europe with the lighting of bonfires at night. A variety of festivals of pre-Christian origin had been celebrated at this time (halfway between the

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Some student organisations reserve areas where they traditionally camp every year. Student caps, mead, streamers and balloons have their role in the picnic and the celebration as a whole.

1372:, have followed suit, marching and making speeches. Left-wing activists of the 1970s still party on May Day. Carnivals are arranged, and many radio stations play leftist songs, such as 1978:, noting the Eve of May has been memorialized as "symbolizing the fruition of the spring equinox", and chose the date well aware of the date's traditional association with witchcraft. 1094:), the night starts with a traditional procession through the streets of Tartu (during which the governing of the city is symbolically handed over to the students for the night by the 864:), literally "Witches' Night", on which revelers dress as witches and demons, set off fireworks, dance and play loud music, which is said to drive the witches and winter spirits away. 3980: 1335:

starts a week before the day of celebration. The festivities also include a picnic on 1 May, which is sometimes more lavish, particularly in Ullanlinnanmäki in central Helsinki.

1212:-style festival held in Finland's cities and towns. The celebration, which begins on the evening of 30 April and continues on 1 May, typically centres on the consumption of 1006:

In some places, it is customary to burn a puppet representing a witch on the bonfire. It is still a widespread feast in the Czech Republic, practiced since the pagan times.

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dominions as well as a missionary expansion of Christianity into the regions hitherto untouched by Gallo‐Roman Christianity (Frisia, Saxony, Thuringia, Bavaria, Carinthia).

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where the city laws permit alcohol, to drink champagne breakfast in a similar way to Uppsala. Later, at three o'clock, the students and public gather at the courtyard of

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as they "will not dry up" for an entire year. The First of May is celebrated then as "the day of those in love", in reference to the famous incipit of the poem

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Over de grenzen van de politiek: een vergelijkende studie naar de opkomst en ontwikkeling van de vrouwenbeweging tegen seksueel geweld in Nederland en Spanje

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The Catholic Church chose May eve to honor St. Walpurga, protectress against magic arts. Walpurga was an English missionary to Germany in the eighth century.

1402: 1413:: "The Brocken". Poster for a theatrical performance of Goethe's play showing Mephistopheles conjuring supernatural creatures on the German mountain, the 1091: 4011: 3323: 2632: 2960: 1717:. The party called for a ban. That such a festival even existed, however, and that it was 'Satanic' was rejected by most others. The local Church in 1947:, there is an old tradition of having local bonfires. During recent years, however, there has also been a tradition of celebrating Walpurgis at the 1917: 3283: 2533:

Between Easter and Pentecost were many other celebrations and feast days. In Germany, for example, was celebrated the Feast of St. Walburga, or

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Traditionally, 1 May is celebrated by the way of a picnic in a park. For most, the picnic is enjoyed with friends on a blanket with food and

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The Church of Satan that Anton LaVey founded on the last night of April 1966—Walpurgisnacht, to pagan types—is pretty widely misunderstood.

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river through the center of town with rickety, homemade, in fact quite easily wreckable, and often humorously decorated rafts. Several

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is celebrated throughout the night of 30 April and into the early hours of 1 May, where 1 May is a public holiday called "Spring Day" (

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Her feast day commemorates both the movement of her relics to Eichstatt and her canonization, both of which occurred on May 1.

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as the day to go out on stumps and agitate. This is not limited only to political activists; many institutions, such as the

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has been stuffed inside standard industrial packages, such as sardine cans and milk cartons. For most university students,

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Walpurgis bonfires are part of a Swedish tradition dating back to at least the early 18th century. At Walpurgis (

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was celebrated in areas of what is now the Netherlands. It has not been celebrated recently due to the national

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Still, in recent years a renewed interest in pre-Christian religion and culture has led to renewed interest in

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Brocken is the highest of the Harz Mountains of north central Germany. It is noted for the phenomenon of the

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Walpurgisnacht Night (in German folklore) the night of 30 April (May Day's eve), when witches meet on the

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This article is about the eve of the feast day of St Walpurga. For George Balanchine's 1975 ballet, see

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of Saint Walpurga in order to protect themselves from witchcraft, as Saint Walpurga was successful in

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many students and former students begin the day at the park Trädgårdsföreningen, in the field below

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celebrates Hexennacht as "a solemn holiday to honor those who were victimized by superstition".

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They Do What? A Cultural Encyclopedia of Extraordinary and Exotic Customs from around the World

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festivals in northern Europe, which also involved lighting bonfires at night, for example the

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https://www.thelocal.de/20140430/why-are-germans-celebrating-on-april-30th-walpurgisnacht

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Short History of Christian Missions: From Abraham and Paul to Carey, Livingstone and Duff

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most traditional spring festivities are also found in the old university cities, such as

1383:. Some people arrange extremely lavish picnics with pavilions, white tablecloths, silver 1026:; "Late evening, on the first of May— / The twilit May—the time of love", translation by 3227:

The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History

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and await the arrival of spring and is held on the same night as Saint Walpurgis Night (

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towers may be seen in the background. To the right are banners and standards of the

776:), which is said to heal sickness; Benedictine nuns distribute this oil in vials to 504:("Saint Walpurga's night") in German. The name of the holiday is often shortened to 3889: 3839: 3799: 3725: 3250: 2804:

The Goddess Obscured: Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint

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of grain, and suggested that her cult was adapted from pagan agrarian goddesses.

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often depicts her holding bandages in her hand. As a result of Saint Walpurga's

729: 431: 3914: 3874: 3844: 3829: 3819: 3587: 3296: 3070: 1992: 1924: 1909: 1761: 1710: 1634: 1384: 1290: 1098:), followed by visiting each other's corporation houses throughout the night. 753: 701: 369: 345:, and is celebrated on the night of 30 April and the day of 1 May. This feast 74: 2824: 1471:

and for witches' revels which reputedly took place there on Walpurgis night.

3864: 3849: 3814: 3809: 3789: 3768: 3487: 2010: 1722: 1622: 1583: 1199: 841:, Walpurgis Night was believed to be the night of a witches' meeting on the 455: 3171:"Who Was Anton LaVey? An L.A. Exhibit Sheds Light On Satanism's Black Pope" 1996: 1683: 1628:

In some places, these beliefs have not yet died out on Wilpurgis Night. In

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Saint Walpurga was hailed by the Christians of Germany for battling "pest,

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A World Without Women: The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science

2158: 1442:('Witches' Night'), the night from 30 April to 1 May, is the night when 3834: 3753: 3690: 2055: 2035: 1944: 1854: 1833: 1766: 1618: 1597: 1579: 1461: 1447: 1414: 1171: 1055: 902: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 842: 833: 808: 796: 725: 471: 467: 463: 435: 426:

Local variants of Walpurgis Night are observed throughout Northern and

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that besides one's own birthday, Walpurgisnacht ranks as an important

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Bryan, Mary Lynn; Bair, Barbara; Angury, Maree de (1 October 2010).

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Varieties of Feminism: German Gender Politics in Global Perspective

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Die Erste Walpurgisnacht: Ballade von Goethe für Chor und Orchester

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Photos of the traditional Walpurgis celebration in Uppsala, Sweden

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The Nuclear Muse: Literature, Physics, and the First Atomic Bombs

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tall and thin stranger scares the horses at the crest of a hill.

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On the Feast of Saint Walburga, "many thousand" people have made

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parade. Expanding from the parties of the left, the whole of the

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of Johann Coler, who also refers to the following day, 1 May, as

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used in liturgical processions on the Feast of Saint Walpurga

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In Uppsala, since 1975, students honor spring by rafting on

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Byl pozdní večer – první máj – / večerní máj – byl lásky čas

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The festival of Walpurgis Night is named after the English

2897:"The other Halloween is coming up and it has history here" 411:

It is suggested that Walpurgis Night is linked with older

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to, according to the church, counter the Satanic action.

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on the Feast of Saint Walburga, often obtaining vials of

768:". Saint Walpurga was also known to repel the effects of 404:

on the Feast of Saint Walpurga, often obtaining vials of

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The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters

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libra to drink champagne, toward the Student Natione.

1867:("The Last Day of April") as it is called in Lund, or 1824:

A big crowd, mostly students in typical Swedish white

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May Day riots usually start at Walpurgis Night in the

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was founded on Sankt Walpurgisnacht in 1966. Founder

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caterpillars and diseases as the country become more

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is always a gimmick. Classic forms have included an

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The date of Walpurgis Night coincided with an older

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of Saint Walpurga and the movement of her relics to

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Walpurgis Night Celebration Gråbo Sweden 2012 Video

3101:(in Dutch). RTV Noordoost Friesland. 2 January 2003 2702:

The Wiley Blackwell Companion to World Christianity

281: 248: 214: 206: 198: 176: 162: 154: 128: 81: 41: 2413: 1737:"Valborg" redirects here. For the given name, see 1617:(Szent György napja), because of the proximity of 823:In modern times, many Christians continue to make 3138:Handbook of Religion and the Authority of Science 3099:"Rennie Schoorstra te gast in Geloven en Beleven" 2700:Sanneh, Lamin; McClymond, Michael (23 May 2016). 2498:kept burning all night to repel the evil spirits. 16:Germanic festival celebrating the start of summer 2733:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 67. 2600:(in German). Wittemberg: Paul Helwig. p. 89 559: 30:"Hexennacht" redirects here. For the album, see 3071:"RPF/GPV staat alleen in geloof in heksenfeest" 2785:Halloween and Other Festivals of Death and Life 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 1458: 1446:are reputed to hold a large celebration on the 2644: 2642: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2256: 2254: 2252: 1081: 1071: 1065: 1059: 787:of Walpurga and the movement of her relics to 549: 3317: 2758:. University of Illinois Press. p. 361. 2294:Neuer immerwährender Gregorianischer Kalender 2207:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2160:A handbook for travellers in southern Germany 1868: 1862: 1804: 1798: 1792: 1753: 1363: 1349: 1330: 1324: 1310: 1304: 1294: 1278: 1270: 1225: 1203: 1140: 1111: 807:) to mark the beginning of summer, including 575: 569: 539: 529: 511: 386:converting the local populace to Christianity 8: 3698:Speak of the Devil: The Canon of Anton LaVey 2483:Brahms's Vocal Duets and Quartets with Piano 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2288: 2286: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 1725:organized a Service in 2003 to pray for the 1654: 1563: 1535: 1518: 1502: 1490: 1451: 1437: 983:Burning of the witches in the Czech Republic 851: 629: 623: 617: 611: 601: 505: 499: 303: 64: 1696: 1673:(King's Day) is on 27 April. The island of 1668: 1660: 1464:mountain and hold revels with the Devil... 1021: 994: 988: 692:The relics of Saint Walpurga are housed at 641: 635: 591: 585: 3672: 3324: 3310: 3302: 3225:Hendrix, Scott E.; Okeja, Uchenna (2018). 2619: 2617: 2615: 58: 38: 2485:. Indiana University Press. p. 100. 2420:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 2263:Celebrating Life Customs around the World 962:Learn how and when to remove this message 2883:, 30 April 2014. Accessed 8 May 2019 at 2872: 2870: 2521:. Indiana University Press. p. 46. 2204:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 1713:of a Heksennacht festival celebrated by 1234:and many higher education students wear 1086:celebrations are especially vigorous in 2296:(in German). Jaquet. 1856. p. 330. 2261:Williams, Victoria (21 November 2016). 2101: 1342:, it has become a tradition to cap the 1166:are typical Vappu delicacies in Finland 357:, both of which occurred on 1 May 870. 2878:"Why do Germans celebrate April 30th?" 2455:. A.C. McClurg & Company. p. 1748:is taken from the 8th-century British 1590:. There is a similar tradition in the 3021:(in Dutch). Van Gorcum. p. 172. 2704:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 80. 2649:Accardo, Pasquale (6 December 2012). 2553:. Gracewing Publishing. p. 146. 1918:Linköping University Male Voice Choir 1752:Christian missionary Saint Walburga, 308: 7: 2393:. Folklore Village Farm. p. 3. 1677:celebrates a festival known as the ' 1507:." The last chapter of book five in 1092:Estonian fraternities and sororities 900:adding citations to reliable sources 498:'s canonization came to be known as 191:to the Church of Saint Walpurgis in 3169:Stuart, Gwyendd (25 October 2017). 2833:. New York: Robert Appleton Company 1208:). Walpurgis witnesses the biggest 811:in Ireland and Britain. Folklorist 728:, in AD 710. Born into a prominent 3961:An Interview with Peter H. Gilmore 3015:Roggeband, Cornelia Maria (2002). 2756:The Selected Papers of Jane Addams 2729:Noble, David F (23 January 2013). 2118:Galván, Javier A. (19 June 2014). 1809:) lit to scare away predators. In 484:Nativity of Saint John the Baptist 14: 4012:Christian festivals and holy days 3201:. HarperCollins. pp. 96–97. 1933:Chalmers University of Technology 780:who visit Saint Walpurga's tomb. 3284:The Favors of St. Walpurga - OSV 2959:Hielkema, Haro (19 April 2003). 2859:. Catholic Forum. Archived from 2827:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 2816: 2233:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 2009: 1995: 876: 740:to Germany, where she founded a 396:. Others have historically made 235: 23:. For the album by GFriend, see 2806:. Beacon Press. pp. 61–64. 2631:. 16 April 2006. Archived from 2582:(in German). Leipzig: Scheiber. 1916:. Spring songs are sung by the 1530:Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 887:needs additional citations for 732:family, Saint Walpurga studied 2961:"Pasen in het Finkersgebergte" 2688:tenderness and self-sacrifice. 2351:Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix; 1653:As in all Germanic countries, 993:('Burning of the witches') or 712:710 – 777/9). The daughter of 694:Saint Peter's Church in Munich 634:is in the 1603 edition of the 310:[zaŋktvalˈpʊʁɡɪsˌnaxt] 1: 3631:The Secret Life of a Satanist 3051:(in Dutch). 27 September 2003 2789:University of Tennessee Press 2681:. T. & T. Clark. p. 2517:Wunderli, Richard M. (1992). 2449:Upton, George Putnam (1912). 2391:A Festival of the English May 1889:also hold "Champagne Races" ( 1845: 1354:coincides with the socialist 1285:, by engineering students of 756:in Germany, the people there 709: 3124:. Anchor Books. p. 356. 2625:"The favors of St. Walburga" 1937:Garden Society of Gothenburg 1425:to Saint Walburga's tomb in 1246:, along with freshly cooked 1238:. One tradition is to drink 827:to Saint Walburga's tomb in 646:, feast day of the apostles 400:to Saint Walpurga's tomb in 2994:. Stanford UP. p. 90. 2823:Casanova, Gertrude (1913). 2353:Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 1160:Sugar-coated doughnuts and 4070: 2452:The Standard Concert Guide 2316:Melton, J. Gordon (2011). 1736: 1370:Lutheran Church of Finland 1356:International Workers' Day 1265:, a nude female statue in 1242:, a home-made low-alcohol 1145:celebration in front of a 845:, the highest peak in the 665: 29: 18: 4042:Traditions involving fire 4022:International observances 3691:Satanis: The Devil's Mass 3229:. ABC-CLIO. p. 360. 3120:Frazer, James G. (1961). 2265:. ABC-CLIO. p. 217. 2235:(3rd ed.). Longman. 758:converted to Christianity 714:Saint Richard the Pilgrim 530: 482:, which commemorates the 57: 3830:Carpe diem, carpe noctem 3079:(in Dutch). 23 June 1999 2031:Bald Mountain (folklore) 1836:. The silhouette of the 1649:Walpurgis night bonfires 622:. An earlier mention of 3518:Stanisław Przybyszewski 3251:"Hexennacht Is Upon Us" 2802:Berger, Pamela (1985). 2597:oder Gastungen umbgehen 2389:Chapru, Doleta (1977). 2171:Church of St. Walpurgis 1927:, the carnival parade, 1409:as "Mephistopheles" in 1360:Finnish political scene 999:('The witches') in the 606:is recorded in 1668 by 317:(alternatively spelled 115:Feast of Saint Walburga 112:Feast of Saint Walpurga 25:Walpurgis Night (album) 3666:The Satanic Scriptures 3659:Letters from the Devil 3135:Lewis, Hammer (2010). 2783:Santino, Jack (1994). 2675:Smith, George (1884). 2593:Coler, Johann (1603). 2481:Stark, Lucien (1998). 2412:Canaday, John (2000). 2318:Religious Celebrations 1894: 1869: 1863: 1849: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1773: 1754: 1697: 1669: 1661: 1655: 1650: 1564: 1536: 1519: 1503: 1491: 1477: 1452: 1438: 1418: 1364: 1350: 1331: 1325: 1311: 1305: 1295: 1279: 1271: 1226: 1204: 1187: 1179: 1167: 1153: 1141: 1133: 1128:The crowd in front of 1121: 1112: 1082: 1072: 1066: 1060: 1022: 995: 989: 984: 861: 852: 697: 685: 642: 636: 630: 624: 618: 612: 602: 592: 586: 576: 570: 560: 550: 540: 512: 506: 500: 304: 295:), an abbreviation of 94:Saint Walburga's Night 65: 4047:Witchcraft in Germany 3940:Social stratification 3712:Satan Takes a Holiday 3141:. BRILL. p. 88. 2988:Ferree, Myra (2012). 2830:Catholic Encyclopedia 2549:Elvins, Mark (2002). 1823: 1764: 1648: 1534:Act Two is entitled " 1501:is called "Classical 1423:Christian pilgrimages 1405: 1159: 1139: 1127: 1109: 982: 837:strongest. In German 825:religious pilgrimages 691: 675: 637:Calendarium perpetuum 398:Christian pilgrimages 368:, as well as against 297:Saint Walpurgis Night 45:Saint Walpurgis Night 21:Walpurgisnacht Ballet 4037:Supernatural legends 3645:The Devil's Notebook 3563:Benjamin De Casseres 3418:First Satanic Church 3195:LaVey, Anton Szandor 3122:The New Golden Bough 2575:Praetorius, Johannes 2359:. Yushodo Press Co. 1656:Sankt Walpurgisnacht 1453:Sankt Walpurgisnacht 1431:Saint Walburga's oil 1205:Juhannus - Midsommar 1132:in Helsinki, in 1960 896:improve this article 774:Saint Walburga's oil 738:Christian missionary 658:calendar of saints. 501:Sankt Walpurgisnacht 406:Saint Walpurga's oil 319:Saint Walburga's Eve 315:Saint Walpurga's Eve 305:Sankt-Walpurgisnacht 109:Saint Walburgis' Day 106:Saint Walburga's Day 103:Saint Walpurga's Day 100:Saint Walpurgis' Eve 97:Saint Walburga's Eve 49:Saint Walpurga's Eve 3945:Universal Darwinism 3624:The Satanic Rituals 3568:Arthur Schopenhauer 3483:Niccolò Machiavelli 3453:Friedrich Nietzsche 3446:Influential figures 3076:Utrechts Nieuwsblad 2924:Phrase & Fable. 2863:on 27 October 2007. 2857:Patron Saints Index 2157:Murray, J. (1843). 2017:Christianity portal 1966:Anton Szandor LaVey 1874:a brighter future. 1779:James George Frazer 1690:Take Back the Night 1222:alcoholic beverages 1174:, Walpurgis night ( 868:Regional variations 608:Johannes Praetorius 158:Christian, cultural 3880:Jungian psychology 3783:Ideas and concepts 3513:Maria de Naglowska 2939:jelesnapok.oszk.hu 2876:Colthorpe, Julie. 2629:Our Sunday Visitor 1983:The Satanic Temple 1850: 1774: 1651: 1514:The Magic Mountain 1419: 1374:The Internationale 1259:surrounding region 1168: 1154: 1147:Kuopio Market Hall 1134: 1122: 1046:to ward off evil. 985: 778:Christian pilgrims 698: 686: 631:S. Walpurgis Abend 619:S. Walpurgis Abend 613:S. Walpurgis Nacht 561:Valpurgijos naktis 513:Valborgsmässoafton 185:Service of Worship 146:Anglican Communion 32:Hexennacht (album) 4007:April observances 3989: 3988: 3966:Sigil of Baphomet 3930:Self-preservation 3885:Law of the jungle 3805:Balance of nature 3735: 3734: 3617:The Satanic Witch 3610:The Satanic Bible 3578:Bernardino Nogara 3533:Benjamin Franklin 3503:William Mortensen 3236:978-1-4408-4138-5 3208:978-0-380-01539-9 3199:The Satanic Bible 3148:978-90-04-18791-7 3028:978-90-232-3830-0 3001:978-0-8047-5760-7 2901:Grimsby Telegraph 2765:978-0-252-09067-7 2740:978-0-307-82852-1 2711:978-1-4051-5376-8 2661:978-1-4612-0365-0 2635:on 25 March 2018. 2560:978-0-85244-559-4 2528:978-0-253-20751-7 2492:978-0-253-33402-2 2431:978-0-299-16854-4 2366:978-4-8419-0396-6 2331:978-1-59884-205-0 2272:978-1-4408-3659-6 2242:978-1-4058-8118-0 2214:978-0-521-15255-6 2133:978-1-61069-342-4 2071:Chaharshanbe Suri 1971:The Satanic Bible 1899:Carolina Rediviva 1236:student coveralls 1018:Karel Hynek Mácha 990:Pálení čarodějnic 972: 971: 964: 946: 911:"Walpurgis Night" 750:Christian artwork 656:Western Christian 337:, an 8th-century 313:), also known as 228: 227: 50: 4059: 4052:Medieval legends 3935:Social Darwinism 3741:Satanic holidays 3684:The Satanic Mass 3673: 3638:We Are Satanists 3528:Grigori Rasputin 3523:Helena Blavatsky 3508:Aleister Crowley 3355:Peter H. Gilmore 3335: 3334:LaVeyan Satanism 3326: 3319: 3312: 3303: 3293: 3271: 3270: 3264: 3262: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3177: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3012: 3006: 3005: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2893: 2887: 2874: 2865: 2864: 2853:"Saint Walburga" 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2621: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2514: 2501: 2500: 2478: 2465: 2464: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2419: 2409: 2398: 2397: 2386: 2375: 2374: 2372:the Virus away". 2348: 2339: 2338: 2313: 2298: 2297: 2290: 2281: 2280: 2258: 2247: 2246: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2154: 2141: 2140: 2115: 2019: 2014: 2013: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1914:Linköping Castle 1872: 1866: 1847: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1784:The Golden Bough 1765:Walpurgis Night 1757: 1700: 1687: 1672: 1666: 1658: 1567: 1547:'s short story, 1539: 1522: 1517:is also called " 1506: 1494: 1455: 1441: 1367: 1353: 1334: 1328: 1314: 1308: 1298: 1287:Aalto University 1284: 1276: 1253:In the capital, 1229: 1207: 1144: 1115: 1085: 1075: 1069: 1063: 1025: 998: 992: 967: 960: 956: 953: 947: 945: 904: 880: 872: 855: 767: 742:double monastery 711: 645: 639: 633: 627: 621: 615: 605: 595: 589: 579: 573: 563: 553: 543: 533: 515: 509: 503: 480:Saint John's Eve 312: 307: 294: 293: 290: 289: 286: 283: 278: 277: 274: 271: 266: 265: 262: 259: 256: 253: 250: 247: 244: 241: 202:30 April – 1 May 129:Observed by 71:open-air theatre 68: 62: 48: 39: 4069: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4057: 4056: 4027:May observances 4017:German folklore 4002:Walpurgis Night 3992: 3991: 3990: 3985: 3949: 3920:Psychic vampire 3778: 3731: 3705:The Black Flame 3671: 3597: 3538:H. P. Lovecraft 3463:Herbert Spencer 3441: 3436:Council of Nine 3425:The Black House 3413:Church of Satan 3401: 3360: 3337: 3333: 3330: 3291: 3280: 3275: 3274: 3260: 3258: 3257:. 29 April 2020 3249: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3175: 3173: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3119: 3118: 3114: 3104: 3102: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3048:Friesch Dagblad 3041: 3040: 3036: 3029: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2943: 2941: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2903:. 29 April 2018 2895: 2894: 2890: 2875: 2868: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2822: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2766: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2741: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2712: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2662: 2648: 2647: 2640: 2623: 2622: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2561: 2551:Catholic Trivia 2548: 2547: 2543: 2529: 2516: 2515: 2504: 2493: 2480: 2479: 2468: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2432: 2411: 2410: 2401: 2388: 2387: 2378: 2367: 2350: 2349: 2342: 2332: 2324:. p. 915. 2315: 2314: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2273: 2260: 2259: 2250: 2243: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2215: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2156: 2155: 2144: 2134: 2117: 2116: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2015: 2008: 2003:Holidays portal 2001: 1994: 1991: 1976:Satanic holiday 1962:Church of Satan 1958: 1949:Umeå University 1895:Champagnegalopp 1842:student nations 1811:Southern Sweden 1744:While the name 1742: 1735: 1681: 1643: 1641:The Netherlands 1615:St George's Day 1606: 1593:Schanzenviertel 1588:Prenzlauer Berg 1550:Dracula's Guest 1469:Brocken spectre 1400: 1389:classical music 1104: 1052: 1036: 977: 968: 957: 951: 948: 905: 903: 893: 881: 870: 805:summer solstice 765: 718:Saint Willibald 670: 664: 643:Jacobi Philippi 536:Finland Swedish 492: 280: 268: 238: 234: 231:Walpurgis Night 215:Related to 150: 141:Lutheran Church 136:Catholic Church 124: 91:Walpurgis Night 77: 53: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4055: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3994: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3957: 3955: 3954:Related topics 3951: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3860:Grotesque body 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3759:Walpurgisnacht 3756: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3722: 3715: 3708: 3701: 3694: 3687: 3679: 3677: 3670: 3669: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3641: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3583:Basil Zaharoff 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3558:Ambrose Bierce 3555: 3550: 3545: 3543:Edward Bernays 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3473:Charles Darwin 3470: 3468:Arthur Desmond 3465: 3460: 3455: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3420: 3415: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3398:(2002–present) 3396:Peggy Nadramia 3393: 3390:Blanche Barton 3387: 3381: 3375: 3368: 3366: 3365:High Priestess 3362: 3361: 3359: 3358: 3357:(2001–present) 3352: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3331: 3329: 3328: 3321: 3314: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3286: 3279: 3278:External links 3276: 3273: 3272: 3255:Satanic Living 3242: 3235: 3217: 3207: 3186: 3161: 3147: 3127: 3112: 3090: 3062: 3034: 3027: 3007: 3000: 2980: 2951: 2926: 2914: 2888: 2866: 2844: 2825:"St. Walburga" 2809: 2794: 2791:. p. xix. 2775: 2764: 2746: 2739: 2721: 2710: 2692: 2667: 2660: 2638: 2611: 2585: 2566: 2559: 2541: 2535:Walpurgisnacht 2527: 2502: 2491: 2466: 2441: 2430: 2399: 2376: 2365: 2340: 2330: 2299: 2282: 2271: 2248: 2241: 2229:Wells, John C. 2220: 2213: 2178: 2142: 2132: 2126:. p. 51. 2100: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2091: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2006: 1990: 1987: 1981:Additionally, 1957: 1954: 1739:Valborg (name) 1734: 1731: 1703:Reformed party 1642: 1639: 1605: 1602: 1578:, traditional 1537:Walpurgisnacht 1520:Walpurgisnacht 1504:Walpurgisnacht 1498:Faust Part Two 1495:," and one in 1492:Walpurgisnacht 1486:Faust Part One 1407:Lewis Morrison 1399: 1396: 1381:sparkling wine 1299:is a standard 1218:sparkling wine 1196:New Year's Eve 1103: 1100: 1096:mayor of Tartu 1051: 1048: 1035: 1032: 1028:Edith Pargeter 1001:Czech Republic 976: 975:Czech Republic 973: 970: 969: 884: 882: 875: 869: 866: 801:spring equinox 716:and sister of 706:Saint Walpurga 682:Saint Walpurga 668:Saint Walpurga 666:Main article: 663: 660: 648:James the Less 603:Walpurgisnacht 593:Valpuržina noc 571:Valpurģu nakts 507:Walpurgisnacht 496:Saint Walpurga 491: 488: 470:. In Finland, 440:Czech Republic 428:Central Europe 372:". Christians 366:whooping cough 335:Saint Walpurga 323:Walpurgisnacht 226: 225: 216: 212: 211: 208: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 178: 174: 173: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 149: 148: 143: 138: 132: 130: 126: 125: 123: 122: 119: 116: 113: 110: 107: 104: 101: 98: 95: 92: 89: 88:Walpurgisnacht 85: 83: 79: 78: 66:Walpurgisnacht 63: 55: 54: 52: 51: 46: 42: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4065: 4064: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3976:Hellfire Club 3974: 3972: 3971:Satanic panic 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3870:Individualism 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3825:Carnivalesque 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3719:Strange Music 3716: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3654: 3653: 3652:Satan Speaks! 3649: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3548:H. 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