Walpurgis Night - Knowledge (XXG)

1414: 1832: 700: 991: 71: 684: 1769:, as it is called in Swedish, also marks the arrival of spring. The forms of celebration vary in different parts of the country and between different cities. Walpurgis celebrations are not a family occasion but rather a public event, and local groups often take responsibility for organising them to encourage community spirit in the village or neighbourhood. Celebrations normally include lighting the bonfire, choral singing and a speech to honour the arrival of the spring season, often held by a local celebrity. 2548:, on April 30, the eve of May Day. Walburga was an eighth-century Anglo-Saxon nun and missionary to Franconia, particularly to Bischofsheim on the Tauber, just south of Niklashausen. Her bones were "translated" (that is, moved) on 30 April—which became her feast day—sometime during the 870s to Eichstätt, where her brother Willibald had been bishop. Ever since then an oily liquid has oozed out of the rock on which her tomb rests, and has been renowned among pilgrims for its great healing power. 1657: 1168: 1136: 1118: 1699:' (roughly translated as 'May-Blaze') on that same day, where bonfires are lit near nightfall, just as on Walpurgis, but with the meaning to drive away the remaining cold of winter and welcome spring. Occasional mentions to the ritual occur, and at least once a feminist called group co-opted the name to call for attention to the position of women (following the example of German women's organizations), a variety of the 1908:), where students go to drink and spray champagne or sparkling wine on each other. The walls and floors of the old nation buildings are covered in plastic for this occasion, as the champagne is poured around recklessly and sometimes spilled enough to wade in. Spraying champagne is, however, a fairly recent addition to the Champagne Race. The name derives from the students running down the slope from the 1148: 2022: 889: 2008: 1773: 2782:

the invitation of Boniface, and there she founded, with her brother, St. Winnibald (d. 761), a double monastery (one for both me and women) at Heidenheim. Walburga was much beloved. She was believed to be able to protect crops and communicate with animals, and her powers were sought as a healer. Images sometimes present her as an earth mother with three ears of corn.

2829: 1014:. Huge bonfires up to 8 metres (26 ft) tall with a witch figure are built and burnt in the evening, preferably on top of hills. Young people gather around. Sudden black and dense smoke formations are cheered as "a witch flying away". An effigy of a witch is held up and thrown into a bonfire to burn. 2781:

St. Walburga (Walpurga, Walpurgia, Vaubourg, Falbourg) (710-777) was an Anglo-Saxon woman trained in medicine; she became a nun under St. Tatta at Wimbourne in Dorset, England. St. Boniface was her uncle, and her father was an under-king of the West Saxons. In 748 she followed St. Lioba to Germany at

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Walpurga, who at the special request of Boniface had accompanied her brother Winibald and kinsman Willibald from Dorsetshire to help the much-toiling missionary in Thuringia, represents a band of devoted women who founded sisterhoods in many parts of Germany, and tamed the people by their Christ-like

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M. Iohannis Coleri Calendarium Perpetuum, Et Libri Oeconomici: Das ist, Ein stetswerender Calender, darzu sehr nützliche vnd nötige Haußbücher: Vor die Haußwirt, Ackerleut, Apotecker, Kauffleute, Wanderßleute, Weinhern, Gärtner, den gemeinen Handwerckßleuten, und all den jenigen, so mit Wirtschafften

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as it is called in Uppsala. For students, Walpurgis Eve heralds freedom. Traditionally the exams were over and only the odd lecture remained before term ends. On the last day of April, the students don their characteristic white caps and sing songs of welcome to spring, to the budding greenery and to

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before leaving for Transylvania. It is Walpurgis Night, and in spite of the hotelier's warning not to be late coming back, the young man later leaves his carriage and wanders toward the direction of an abandoned "unholy" village. As the carriage departs with the frightened and superstitious driver, a

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As evening advances to midnight and fire is on the wane, it is time to go search for a cherry tree in blossom. This is another feast, connected with 1 May. Young women should be kissed past midnight (and during the following day) under a blossoming cherry (or if unavailable, another blossoming) tree,

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The term Walpurgis Night derives from the eighth-century Saint Walpurga. She came from England to Germany as a Christian missionary and was hailed for her powers against epidemics (except for Covid 19) that role was left to Pope Francis himeself. Francis interceded on the public's behalf and "prayed

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More modern Valborg celebrations, particularly among Uppsala students, often consist of enjoying a breakfast including champagne and strawberries. During the day, people gather in parks, drink considerable amounts of alcoholic beverages, barbecue, and generally enjoy the weather, if it happens to be

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the Hungarian population still knows about the fairy of the Thököly castle (Thököly vár), who sweeps the area around the Hungarian well at the dawn of Pentecost, and they still know about the witches who walk on May Day and Pentecost, but in most places, the source of evil was replaced by fire, ice,

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Blockes-Berges Verrichtung oder ausführlicher geographischer Bericht von den hohen trefflich alt- und berühmten Blockes-Berge: ingleichen von der Hexenfahrt und Zauber-Sabbathe, so auff solchen Berge die Unholden aus gantz Teutschland Jährlich den 1. Maij in Sanct-Walpurgis-Nachte anstellen sollen;

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Walpurgis Night, named for St. Walpurga (d. A.D. 777), an English saint whose feast day falls on May Day, is the evening of 30 April (May Day eve) when, as was widely held—particularly during medieval and Renaissance times—witches celebrate a sabbath. Still today there are places where bonfires are

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Choral singing is a popular pastime in Sweden, and on Walpurgis Eve virtually every choir in the country is busy. Singing traditional songs of spring is widespread throughout the country. The songs are mostly from the 19th century and were spread by students' spring festivities. The strongest and

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celebrations and regional traditions, especially in Finland and Sweden. Given that the intercession of Saint Walpurga was believed to be efficacious against evil magic, medieval and Renaissance tradition held that, during Walpurgis Night, witches celebrated a sabbath and evil powers were at their

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occurred on 1 May in the year 870, thus leading to the Feast of Saint Walpurga and its eve, Walpurgis Night, being popularly observed on this date. She quickly became one of the most popular saints in England, Germany, and France. When the bishop had Saint Walpurga's relics moved to Eichstätt,

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English and Hiberno‐Scottish monks also provided the Carolingian continent with an abundance of missionaries like St. Columbanus, St. Fridolin, St. Boniface, St. Willibrord, and the often overlooked abbess St. Walpurga. These missionaries led a clerical reform movement within the Carolingian

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During the Walpurgisnacht Walpurgisnacht, or Walpurgis Night, is one of the names given to the night of April 30, the eve of Saint Walpurga's feast day that falls on May 1. Since Saint Walpurga's feast occurs on May 1 the saint is associated with May Day, especially in Finland and

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are preserved the remains of that Saint. They are interred beneath the high altar, and a stream of oil, which obtains the highest repute for its medicinal qualities, flows from them, between October and May. On St. Walpurgis' Day, May 1, many thousand pilgrims repair to her

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The Medical Almanac: A Calendar of Dates of Significance to the Profession of Medicine, Including Fascinating Illustrations, Medical Milestones, Dates of Birth and Death of Notable Physicians, Brief Biographical Sketches, Quotations, and Assorted Medical Curiosities and

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is an important and widespread celebration of the arrival of spring in the country. Influenced by German culture, the night originally stood for the gathering and meeting of witches. Modern people still dress up as witches to wander the streets in a carnival-like mood.

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mountains, a range of wooded hills in central Germany. To ward off evil and protect themselves and their livestock, people would traditionally light fires on the hillsides, a tradition that continues in some regions today. In Bavaria, the feast day is sometimes called

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decorated the houses, which were used to ward off witches this day, because the Hungarians believed that different plants can protect against various diseases or supernatural dangers. But most witchcraft traditions occurred earlier in the spring festival cycle, on

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to listen to student choirs, orchestras, and speeches. An important part of the gathering is the ceremonial donning of the student cap, which stems from the time when students wore their caps daily and switched from black winter cap to white summer cap.

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In the Middle Ages, the administrative year ended on 30 April. Accordingly, this was a day of festivity among the merchants and craftsmen of the town, with trick-or-treat, dancing and singing in preparation for the forthcoming celebration of spring. Sir

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It is the Eve of Hexennacht (also known as Walpurgis Night) is upon us. To the members of The Satanic Temple, Hexennact is an occasion to "honoring those who fell victim to superstition and pseudoscience, whether by witch hunt, Satanic panic, or other

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In his separate poem Goethe seeks to go back to the origin of the first Walpurgis Night. May-day eve was consecrated to Saint Walpurgis, who converted the Saxons from Druidism to Christianity, and on that night the evil spirits were said to be

803:"miraculous cures were reported as her remains traveled along the route". Miracle cures were later reported from ailing people who anointed themselves with a fluid known as Walburga's oil that drained from the rock at her shrine at Eichstatt. 1798:

writes, "The first of May is a great popular festival in the more midland and southern parts of Sweden. On the eve of the festival, huge bonfires, which should be lighted by striking two flints together, blaze on all the hills and knolls."

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In some parts of northern coastal regions of Germany, the custom of lighting huge fires is still kept alive to celebrate the coming of May, while most parts of Germany have a derived Christianized custom around Easter called "Easter fires"

1824:, an older tradition, no longer practiced, was for the younger people to collect greenery and branches from the woods at twilight. These were used to adorn the houses of the village. The expected reward for this task was to be paid in 842:

on Saint Walburga's Day; in the 19th century, the number of pilgrims travelling to the Church of St. Walpurgis was described as "many thousand". Due to 1 May the date of Saint Walpurga's feast, it has become associated with other

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Walpurgis Night falls on the eve of the feast day of St. Walpurga, an English missionary who was celebrated in the Middle Ages as a protectress against magic. It was a night when witches were believed to ride freely through the

611:). In English, it is known as Saint Walpurga's Night, Saint Walburga's Night, Walpurgis Night, Saint Walpurga's Eve, Saint Walburga's Eve, the Feast of Saint Walpurga or the Feast of Saint Walburga. The Germanic term 1485:

The Brocken Spectre is a magnified shadow of an observer, typically surrounded by rainbow-like bands, thrown onto a bank of cloud in high mountain areas when the sun is low. The phenomenon was first reported on the

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says "Her day and its traditions almost certainly are traceable to pre-Christian celebrations that took place at this time, on the first of May". Art historian Pamela Berger noted Walpurga's association with

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campus. The university organizes student choir singing, as well as other types of entertainment and a speech by the president of the university. Different stalls sell hot dogs, candy, soft drinks, etc.

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Aus vielen Autoribus abgefasset und mit schönen Raritäten angeschmücket sampt zugehörigen Figuren; Nebenst einen Appendice vom Blockes-Berge wie auch des Alten Reinsteins und der Baumans Höle am Hartz

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The Eve of May has been memorialized as the night that all of the demons, specters, afreets, and banshees would come forth and hold their wold revels, symbolizing the fruition of the spring equinox.

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Early Christians in this region believed that, during Walpurgis Night, evil powers were at their strongest, and people had to protect themselves and their livestock by lighting fires on hillsides.

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In rural parts of southern Germany, it is part of popular youth culture to play pranks such as tampering with neighbours' gardens, hiding possessions, or spraying graffiti on private property.

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festival, celebrated in much of northern Europe with the lighting of bonfires at night. A variety of festivals of pre-Christian origin had been celebrated at this time (halfway between the

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Some student organisations reserve areas where they traditionally camp every year. Student caps, mead, streamers and balloons have their role in the picnic and the celebration as a whole.

1383:, have followed suit, marching and making speeches. Left-wing activists of the 1970s still party on May Day. Carnivals are arranged, and many radio stations play leftist songs, such as 1989:, noting the Eve of May has been memorialized as "symbolizing the fruition of the spring equinox", and chose the date well aware of the date's traditional association with witchcraft. 1105:), the night starts with a traditional procession through the streets of Tartu (during which the governing of the city is symbolically handed over to the students for the night by the 875:), literally "Witches' Night", on which revelers dress as witches and demons, set off fireworks, dance and play loud music, which is said to drive the witches and winter spirits away. 3991: 1346:

starts a week before the day of celebration. The festivities also include a picnic on 1 May, which is sometimes more lavish, particularly in Ullanlinnanmäki in central Helsinki.

1223:-style festival held in Finland's cities and towns. The celebration, which begins on the evening of 30 April and continues on 1 May, typically centres on the consumption of 1017:

In some places, it is customary to burn a puppet representing a witch on the bonfire. It is still a widespread feast in the Czech Republic, practiced since the pagan times.

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dominions as well as a missionary expansion of Christianity into the regions hitherto untouched by Gallo‐Roman Christianity (Frisia, Saxony, Thuringia, Bavaria, Carinthia).

1402:, and extravagant food. The picnic usually starts early in the morning, where some of the previous night's party-goers continue their celebrations from the previous night. 1923:

where the city laws permit alcohol, to drink champagne breakfast in a similar way to Uppsala. Later, at three o'clock, the students and public gather at the courtyard of

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as they "will not dry up" for an entire year. The First of May is celebrated then as "the day of those in love", in reference to the famous incipit of the poem

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Over de grenzen van de politiek: een vergelijkende studie naar de opkomst en ontwikkeling van de vrouwenbeweging tegen seksueel geweld in Nederland en Spanje

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The Catholic Church chose May eve to honor St. Walpurga, protectress against magic arts. Walpurga was an English missionary to Germany in the eighth century.

1413: 1424:: "The Brocken". Poster for a theatrical performance of Goethe's play showing Mephistopheles conjuring supernatural creatures on the German mountain, the 1102: 4022: 3334: 2643: 2971: 1728:. The party called for a ban. That such a festival even existed, however, and that it was 'Satanic' was rejected by most others. The local Church in 1958:, there is an old tradition of having local bonfires. During recent years, however, there has also been a tradition of celebrating Walpurgis at the 1928: 3294: 2544:

Between Easter and Pentecost were many other celebrations and feast days. In Germany, for example, was celebrated the Feast of St. Walburga, or

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Traditionally, 1 May is celebrated by the way of a picnic in a park. For most, the picnic is enjoyed with friends on a blanket with food and

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The Church of Satan that Anton LaVey founded on the last night of April 1966—Walpurgisnacht, to pagan types—is pretty widely misunderstood.

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river through the center of town with rickety, homemade, in fact quite easily wreckable, and often humorously decorated rafts. Several

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is celebrated throughout the night of 30 April and into the early hours of 1 May, where 1 May is a public holiday called "Spring Day" (

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Her feast day commemorates both the movement of her relics to Eichstatt and her canonization, both of which occurred on May 1.

953: 783:. Saint Walpurga died on 25 February 777 (some sources say 778 or 779) and her tomb, to this day, produces holy oil (known as 4057: 3327: 2214: 910: 2895: 2888: 1379:

as the day to go out on stumps and agitate. This is not limited only to political activists; many institutions, such as the

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has been stuffed inside standard industrial packages, such as sardine cans and milk cartons. For most university students,

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Walpurgis bonfires are part of a Swedish tradition dating back to at least the early 18th century. At Walpurgis (

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was celebrated in areas of what is now the Netherlands. It has not been celebrated recently due to the national

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Still, in recent years a renewed interest in pre-Christian religion and culture has led to renewed interest in

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Brocken is the highest of the Harz Mountains of north central Germany. It is noted for the phenomenon of the

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Walpurgisnacht Night (in German folklore) the night of 30 April (May Day's eve), when witches meet on the

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This article is about the eve of the feast day of St Walpurga. For George Balanchine's 1975 ballet, see

1625: 775:. In addition, "the monastery became an education center and 'soon became famous as a center of culture 395:

of Saint Walpurga in order to protect themselves from witchcraft, as Saint Walpurga was successful in

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many students and former students begin the day at the park Trädgårdsföreningen, in the field below

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celebrates Hexennacht as "a solemn holiday to honor those who were victimized by superstition".

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They Do What? A Cultural Encyclopedia of Extraordinary and Exotic Customs from around the World

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festivals in northern Europe, which also involved lighting bonfires at night, for example the

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https://www.thelocal.de/20140430/why-are-germans-celebrating-on-april-30th-walpurgisnacht

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Short History of Christian Missions: From Abraham and Paul to Carey, Livingstone and Duff

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most traditional spring festivities are also found in the old university cities, such as

1394:. Some people arrange extremely lavish picnics with pavilions, white tablecloths, silver 1037:; "Late evening, on the first of May— / The twilit May—the time of love", translation by 3238:

The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History

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and await the arrival of spring and is held on the same night as Saint Walpurgis Night (

3870: 3593: 3568: 3553: 3483: 3478: 3406: 3400: 2425: 1939: 1840: 1839:, participating in the traditional Saint Walpurgis Night celebration with song outside 1749: 1417: 1391: 1228: 1106: 1038: 1011: 868: 716: 692: 678: 608: 532: 528: 506: 450: 438: 400: 376: 345: 195: 191: 4006: 3986: 3880: 3835: 3662: 3558: 3503: 3488: 3388: 3382: 3053: 2239: 2091: 2036: 1673: 1508: 1496: 1441: 1421: 1054: 811: 784: 760: 416: 3054:"Theoloog Henk Vreekamp: ik ben een heiden; 'Kerk moet terug naar heidense wortels'" 2871: 1851:

towers may be seen in the background. To the right are banners and standards of the

787:), which is said to heal sickness; Benedictine nuns distribute this oil in vials to 515:("Saint Walpurga's night") in German. The name of the holiday is often shortened to 3900: 3850: 3810: 3736: 3261: 2815:

The Goddess Obscured: Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint

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of grain, and suggested that her cult was adapted from pagan agrarian goddesses.

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often depicts her holding bandages in her hand. As a result of Saint Walpurga's

740: 442: 3925: 3885: 3855: 3840: 3830: 3598: 3307: 3081: 2003: 1935: 1920: 1772: 1721: 1645: 1395: 1301: 1109:), followed by visiting each other's corporation houses throughout the night. 764: 712: 380: 356:, and is celebrated on the night of 30 April and the day of 1 May. This feast 85: 2835: 1482:

and for witches' revels which reputedly took place there on Walpurgis night.

3875: 3860: 3825: 3820: 3800: 3779: 3498: 2021: 1733: 1633: 1594: 1210: 852:, Walpurgis Night was believed to be the night of a witches' meeting on the 466: 3182:"Who Was Anton LaVey? An L.A. Exhibit Sheds Light On Satanism's Black Pope" 2007: 1694: 1639:

In some places, these beliefs have not yet died out on Wilpurgis Night. In

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Saint Walpurga was hailed by the Christians of Germany for battling "pest,

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A World Without Women: The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science

2169: 1453:('Witches' Night'), the night from 30 April to 1 May, is the night when 3845: 3764: 3701: 2066: 2046: 1955: 1865: 1844: 1777: 1629: 1608: 1590: 1472: 1458: 1425: 1182: 1066: 913: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 853: 844: 819: 807: 736: 482: 478: 474: 446: 437:

Local variants of Walpurgis Night are observed throughout Northern and

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that besides one's own birthday, Walpurgisnacht ranks as an important

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Bryan, Mary Lynn; Bair, Barbara; Angury, Maree de (1 October 2010).

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Varieties of Feminism: German Gender Politics in Global Perspective

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Die Erste Walpurgisnacht: Ballade von Goethe für Chor und Orchester

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Photos of the traditional Walpurgis celebration in Uppsala, Sweden

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The Nuclear Muse: Literature, Physics, and the First Atomic Bombs

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tall and thin stranger scares the horses at the crest of a hill.

1564:, an Englishman (whose name is never mentioned) is on a visit to 1432:

On the Feast of Saint Walburga, "many thousand" people have made

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parade. Expanding from the parties of the left, the whole of the

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of Johann Coler, who also refers to the following day, 1 May, as

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used in liturgical processions on the Feast of Saint Walpurga

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In Uppsala, since 1975, students honor spring by rafting on

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Byl pozdní večer – první máj – / večerní máj – byl lásky čas

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The festival of Walpurgis Night is named after the English

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It is suggested that Walpurgis Night is linked with older

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to, according to the church, counter the Satanic action.

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on the Feast of Saint Walburga, often obtaining vials of

779:". Saint Walpurga was also known to repel the effects of 415:

on the Feast of Saint Walpurga, often obtaining vials of

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The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters

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libra to drink champagne, toward the Student Natione.

1878:("The Last Day of April") as it is called in Lund, or 1835:

A big crowd, mostly students in typical Swedish white

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May Day riots usually start at Walpurgis Night in the

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was founded on Sankt Walpurgisnacht in 1966. Founder

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caterpillars and diseases as the country become more

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is always a gimmick. Classic forms have included an

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The date of Walpurgis Night coincided with an older

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of Saint Walpurga and the movement of her relics to

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Walpurgis Night Celebration Gråbo Sweden 2012 Video

3112:(in Dutch). RTV Noordoost Friesland. 2 January 2003 2713:

The Wiley Blackwell Companion to World Christianity

292: 259: 225: 217: 209: 187: 173: 165: 139: 92: 52: 2424: 1748:"Valborg" redirects here. For the given name, see 1628:(Szent György napja), because of the proximity of 834:In modern times, many Christians continue to make 3149:Handbook of Religion and the Authority of Science 3110:"Rennie Schoorstra te gast in Geloven en Beleven" 2711:Sanneh, Lamin; McClymond, Michael (23 May 2016). 2509:kept burning all night to repel the evil spirits. 27:Germanic festival celebrating the start of summer 2744:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 67. 2611:(in German). Wittemberg: Paul Helwig. p. 89 570: 41:"Hexennacht" redirects here. For the album, see 3082:"RPF/GPV staat alleen in geloof in heksenfeest" 2796:Halloween and Other Festivals of Death and Life 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 1469: 1457:are reputed to hold a large celebration on the 2655: 2653: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2267: 2265: 2263: 1092: 1082: 1076: 1070: 798:of Walpurga and the movement of her relics to 560: 3328: 2769:. University of Illinois Press. p. 361. 2305:Neuer immerwährender Gregorianischer Kalender 2218:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2171:A handbook for travellers in southern Germany 1879: 1873: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1764: 1374: 1360: 1341: 1335: 1321: 1315: 1305: 1289: 1281: 1236: 1214: 1151: 1122: 818:) to mark the beginning of summer, including 586: 580: 550: 540: 522: 397:converting the local populace to Christianity 8: 3709:Speak of the Devil: The Canon of Anton LaVey 2494:Brahms's Vocal Duets and Quartets with Piano 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2299: 2297: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 1736:organized a Service in 2003 to pray for the 1665: 1574: 1546: 1529: 1513: 1501: 1462: 1448: 994:Burning of the witches in the Czech Republic 862: 640: 634: 628: 622: 612: 516: 510: 314: 75: 1707: 1684:(King's Day) is on 27 April. The island of 1679: 1671: 1475:mountain and hold revels with the Devil... 1032: 1005: 999: 703:The relics of Saint Walpurga are housed at 652: 646: 602: 596: 3683: 3335: 3321: 3313: 3236:Hendrix, Scott E.; Okeja, Uchenna (2018). 2630: 2628: 2626: 69: 49: 2496:. Indiana University Press. p. 100. 2431:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 2274:Celebrating Life Customs around the World 973:Learn how and when to remove this message 2894:, 30 April 2014. Accessed 8 May 2019 at 2883: 2881: 2532:. Indiana University Press. p. 46. 2215:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 1724:of a Heksennacht festival celebrated by 1245:and many higher education students wear 1097:celebrations are especially vigorous in 2307:(in German). Jaquet. 1856. p. 330. 2272:Williams, Victoria (21 November 2016). 2112: 1353:, it has become a tradition to cap the 1177:are typical Vappu delicacies in Finland 368:, both of which occurred on 1 May 870. 2889:"Why do Germans celebrate April 30th?" 2466:. A.C. McClurg & Company. p. 1759:is taken from the 8th-century British 1601:. There is a similar tradition in the 3032:(in Dutch). Van Gorcum. p. 172. 2715:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 80. 2660:Accardo, Pasquale (6 December 2012). 2564:. Gracewing Publishing. p. 146. 1929:Linköping University Male Voice Choir 1763:Christian missionary Saint Walburga, 319: 7: 2404:. Folklore Village Farm. p. 3. 1688:celebrates a festival known as the ' 1518:." The last chapter of book five in 1103:Estonian fraternities and sororities 911:adding citations to reliable sources 509:'s canonization came to be known as 202:to the Church of Saint Walpurgis in 3180:Stuart, Gwyendd (25 October 2017). 2844:. New York: Robert Appleton Company 1219:). Walpurgis witnesses the biggest 822:in Ireland and Britain. Folklorist 739:, in AD 710. Born into a prominent 3972:An Interview with Peter H. Gilmore 3026:Roggeband, Cornelia Maria (2002). 2767:The Selected Papers of Jane Addams 2740:Noble, David F (23 January 2013). 2129:Galván, Javier A. (19 June 2014). 1820:) lit to scare away predators. In 495:Nativity of Saint John the Baptist 25: 4023:Christian festivals and holy days 3212:. HarperCollins. pp. 96–97. 1944:Chalmers University of Technology 791:who visit Saint Walpurga's tomb. 3295:The Favors of St. Walpurga - OSV 2970:Hielkema, Haro (19 April 2003). 2870:. Catholic Forum. Archived from 2838:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 2827: 2244:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 2020: 2006: 887: 751:to Germany, where she founded a 407:. Others have historically made 246: 34:. For the album by GFriend, see 2817:. Beacon Press. pp. 61–64. 2642:. 16 April 2006. Archived from 2593:(in German). Leipzig: Scheiber. 1927:. Spring songs are sung by the 1541:Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 898:needs additional citations for 743:family, Saint Walpurga studied 2972:"Pasen in het Finkersgebergte" 2699:tenderness and self-sacrifice. 2362:Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix; 1664:As in all Germanic countries, 1004:('Burning of the witches') or 723:710 – 777/9). The daughter of 705:Saint Peter's Church in Munich 645:is in the 1603 edition of the 321:[zaŋktvalˈpʊʁɡɪsˌnaxt] 1: 3642:The Secret Life of a Satanist 3062:(in Dutch). 27 September 2003 2800:University of Tennessee Press 2692:. T. & T. Clark. p. 2528:Wunderli, Richard M. (1992). 2460:Upton, George Putnam (1912). 2402:A Festival of the English May 1900:also hold "Champagne Races" ( 1856: 1365:coincides with the socialist 1296:, by engineering students of 767:in Germany, the people there 720: 3135:. Anchor Books. p. 356. 2636:"The favors of St. Walburga" 1948:Garden Society of Gothenburg 1436:to Saint Walburga's tomb in 1257:, along with freshly cooked 1249:. One tradition is to drink 838:to Saint Walburga's tomb in 657:, feast day of the apostles 411:to Saint Walpurga's tomb in 3005:. Stanford UP. p. 90. 2834:Casanova, Gertrude (1913). 2364:Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 1171:Sugar-coated doughnuts and 4079: 2463:The Standard Concert Guide 2327:Melton, J. Gordon (2011). 1747: 1381:Lutheran Church of Finland 1367:International Workers' Day 1276:, a nude female statue in 1253:, a home-made low-alcohol 1156:celebration in front of a 856:, the highest peak in the 676: 40: 29: 4053:Traditions involving fire 4033:International observances 3702:Satanis: The Devil's Mass 3240:. ABC-CLIO. p. 360. 3131:Frazer, James G. (1961). 2276:. ABC-CLIO. p. 217. 2246:(3rd ed.). Longman. 769:converted to Christianity 725:Saint Richard the Pilgrim 541: 493:, which commemorates the 68: 3841:Carpe diem, carpe noctem 3090:(in Dutch). 23 June 1999 2042:Bald Mountain (folklore) 1847:. The silhouette of the 1660:Walpurgis night bonfires 633:. An earlier mention of 3529:Stanisław Przybyszewski 3262:"Hexennacht Is Upon Us" 2813:Berger, Pamela (1985). 2608:oder Gastungen umbgehen 2400:Chapru, Doleta (1977). 2182:Church of St. Walpurgis 1938:, the carnival parade, 1420:as "Mephistopheles" in 1371:Finnish political scene 1010:('The witches') in the 617:is recorded in 1668 by 328:(alternatively spelled 126:Feast of Saint Walburga 123:Feast of Saint Walpurga 36:Walpurgis Night (album) 3677:The Satanic Scriptures 3670:Letters from the Devil 3146:Lewis, Hammer (2010). 2794:Santino, Jack (1994). 2686:Smith, George (1884). 2604:Coler, Johann (1603). 2492:Stark, Lucien (1998). 2423:Canaday, John (2000). 2329:Religious Celebrations 1905: 1880: 1874: 1860: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1784: 1765: 1708: 1680: 1672: 1666: 1661: 1575: 1547: 1530: 1514: 1502: 1488: 1463: 1449: 1429: 1375: 1361: 1342: 1336: 1322: 1316: 1306: 1290: 1282: 1237: 1215: 1198: 1190: 1178: 1164: 1152: 1144: 1139:The crowd in front of 1132: 1123: 1093: 1083: 1077: 1071: 1033: 1006: 1000: 995: 872: 863: 708: 696: 653: 647: 641: 635: 629: 623: 613: 603: 597: 587: 581: 571: 561: 551: 523: 517: 511: 315: 306:), an abbreviation of 105:Saint Walburga's Night 76: 4058:Witchcraft in Germany 3951:Social stratification 3723:Satan Takes a Holiday 3152:. BRILL. p. 88. 2999:Ferree, Myra (2012). 2841:Catholic Encyclopedia 2560:Elvins, Mark (2002). 1834: 1775: 1659: 1545:Act Two is entitled " 1512:is called "Classical 1434:Christian pilgrimages 1416: 1170: 1150: 1138: 1120: 993: 848:strongest. In German 836:religious pilgrimages 702: 686: 648:Calendarium perpetuum 409:Christian pilgrimages 379:, as well as against 308:Saint Walpurgis Night 56:Saint Walpurgis Night 32:Walpurgisnacht Ballet 4048:Supernatural legends 3656:The Devil's Notebook 3574:Benjamin De Casseres 3429:First Satanic Church 3206:LaVey, Anton Szandor 3133:The New Golden Bough 2586:Praetorius, Johannes 2370:. Yushodo Press Co. 1667:Sankt Walpurgisnacht 1464:Sankt Walpurgisnacht 1442:Saint Walburga's oil 1216:Juhannus - Midsommar 1143:in Helsinki, in 1960 907:improve this article 785:Saint Walburga's oil 749:Christian missionary 669:calendar of saints. 512:Sankt Walpurgisnacht 417:Saint Walpurga's oil 330:Saint Walburga's Eve 326:Saint Walpurga's Eve 316:Sankt-Walpurgisnacht 120:Saint Walburgis' Day 117:Saint Walburga's Day 114:Saint Walpurga's Day 111:Saint Walpurgis' Eve 108:Saint Walburga's Eve 60:Saint Walpurga's Eve 3956:Universal Darwinism 3635:The Satanic Rituals 3579:Arthur Schopenhauer 3494:Niccolò Machiavelli 3464:Friedrich Nietzsche 3457:Influential figures 3087:Utrechts Nieuwsblad 2935:Phrase & Fable. 2874:on 27 October 2007. 2868:Patron Saints Index 2168:Murray, J. (1843). 2028:Christianity portal 1977:Anton Szandor LaVey 1885:a brighter future. 1790:James George Frazer 1701:Take Back the Night 1233:alcoholic beverages 1185:, Walpurgis night ( 879:Regional variations 619:Johannes Praetorius 169:Christian, cultural 3891:Jungian psychology 3794:Ideas and concepts 3524:Maria de Naglowska 2950:jelesnapok.oszk.hu 2887:Colthorpe, Julie. 2640:Our Sunday Visitor 1994:The Satanic Temple 1861: 1785: 1662: 1525:The Magic Mountain 1430: 1385:The Internationale 1270:surrounding region 1179: 1165: 1158:Kuopio Market Hall 1145: 1133: 1057:to ward off evil. 996: 789:Christian pilgrims 709: 697: 642:S. Walpurgis Abend 630:S. Walpurgis Abend 624:S. Walpurgis Nacht 572:Valpurgijos naktis 524:Valborgsmässoafton 196:Service of Worship 157:Anglican Communion 43:Hexennacht (album) 4018:April observances 4000: 3999: 3977:Sigil of Baphomet 3941:Self-preservation 3896:Law of the jungle 3816:Balance of nature 3746: 3745: 3628:The Satanic Witch 3621:The Satanic Bible 3589:Bernardino Nogara 3544:Benjamin Franklin 3514:William Mortensen 3247:978-1-4408-4138-5 3219:978-0-380-01539-9 3210:The Satanic Bible 3159:978-90-04-18791-7 3039:978-90-232-3830-0 3012:978-0-8047-5760-7 2912:Grimsby Telegraph 2776:978-0-252-09067-7 2751:978-0-307-82852-1 2722:978-1-4051-5376-8 2672:978-1-4612-0365-0 2646:on 25 March 2018. 2571:978-0-85244-559-4 2539:978-0-253-20751-7 2503:978-0-253-33402-2 2442:978-0-299-16854-4 2377:978-4-8419-0396-6 2342:978-1-59884-205-0 2283:978-1-4408-3659-6 2253:978-1-4058-8118-0 2225:978-0-521-15255-6 2144:978-1-61069-342-4 2082:Chaharshanbe Suri 1982:The Satanic Bible 1910:Carolina Rediviva 1247:student coveralls 1029:Karel Hynek Mácha 1001:Pálení čarodějnic 983: 982: 975: 957: 922:"Walpurgis Night" 761:Christian artwork 667:Western Christian 348:, an 8th-century 324:), also known as 239: 238: 61: 16:(Redirected from 4070: 4063:Medieval legends 3946:Social Darwinism 3752:Satanic holidays 3695:The Satanic Mass 3684: 3649:We Are Satanists 3539:Grigori Rasputin 3534:Helena Blavatsky 3519:Aleister Crowley 3366:Peter H. Gilmore 3346: 3345:LaVeyan Satanism 3337: 3330: 3323: 3314: 3304: 3282: 3281: 3275: 3273: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3188: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3023: 3017: 3016: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2904: 2898: 2885: 2876: 2875: 2864:"Saint Walburga" 2860: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2657: 2648: 2647: 2632: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2525: 2512: 2511: 2489: 2476: 2475: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2430: 2420: 2409: 2408: 2397: 2386: 2385: 2383:the Virus away". 2359: 2350: 2349: 2324: 2309: 2308: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2269: 2258: 2257: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2165: 2152: 2151: 2126: 2030: 2025: 2024: 2016: 2011: 2010: 1925:Linköping Castle 1883: 1877: 1858: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1795:The Golden Bough 1776:Walpurgis Night 1768: 1711: 1698: 1683: 1677: 1669: 1578: 1558:'s short story, 1550: 1533: 1528:is also called " 1517: 1505: 1466: 1452: 1378: 1364: 1345: 1339: 1325: 1319: 1309: 1298:Aalto University 1295: 1287: 1264:In the capital, 1240: 1218: 1155: 1126: 1096: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1036: 1009: 1003: 978: 971: 967: 964: 958: 956: 915: 891: 883: 866: 778: 753:double monastery 722: 656: 650: 644: 638: 632: 626: 616: 606: 600: 590: 584: 574: 564: 554: 544: 526: 520: 514: 491:Saint John's Eve 323: 318: 305: 304: 301: 300: 297: 294: 289: 288: 285: 282: 277: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 261: 258: 255: 252: 213:30 April – 1 May 140:Observed by 82:open-air theatre 79: 73: 59: 50: 21: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4038:May observances 4028:German folklore 4013:Walpurgis Night 4003: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3960: 3931:Psychic vampire 3789: 3742: 3716:The Black Flame 3682: 3608: 3549:H. P. Lovecraft 3474:Herbert Spencer 3452: 3447:Council of Nine 3436:The Black House 3424:Church of Satan 3412: 3371: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3302: 3291: 3286: 3285: 3271: 3269: 3268:. 29 April 2020 3260: 3259: 3255: 3248: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3186: 3184: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3093: 3091: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3065: 3063: 3059:Friesch Dagblad 3052: 3051: 3047: 3040: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3013: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2914:. 29 April 2018 2906: 2905: 2901: 2886: 2879: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2777: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2723: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2673: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2634: 2633: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2562:Catholic Trivia 2559: 2558: 2554: 2540: 2527: 2526: 2515: 2504: 2491: 2490: 2479: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2443: 2422: 2421: 2412: 2399: 2398: 2389: 2378: 2361: 2360: 2353: 2343: 2335:. p. 915. 2326: 2325: 2312: 2303: 2302: 2295: 2284: 2271: 2270: 2261: 2254: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2226: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2167: 2166: 2155: 2145: 2128: 2127: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2026: 2019: 2014:Holidays portal 2012: 2005: 2002: 1987:Satanic holiday 1973:Church of Satan 1969: 1960:Umeå University 1906:Champagnegalopp 1853:student nations 1822:Southern Sweden 1755:While the name 1753: 1746: 1692: 1654: 1652:The Netherlands 1626:St George's Day 1617: 1604:Schanzenviertel 1599:Prenzlauer Berg 1561:Dracula's Guest 1480:Brocken spectre 1411: 1400:classical music 1115: 1063: 1047: 988: 979: 968: 962: 959: 916: 914: 904: 892: 881: 816:summer solstice 776: 729:Saint Willibald 681: 675: 654:Jacobi Philippi 547:Finland Swedish 503: 291: 279: 249: 245: 242:Walpurgis Night 226:Related to 161: 152:Lutheran Church 147:Catholic Church 135: 102:Walpurgis Night 88: 64: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4076: 4074: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4005: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3968: 3966: 3965:Related topics 3962: 3961: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3871:Grotesque body 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3770:Walpurgisnacht 3767: 3762: 3756: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3690: 3688: 3681: 3680: 3673: 3666: 3659: 3652: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3624: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3594:Basil Zaharoff 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3569:Ambrose Bierce 3566: 3561: 3556: 3554:Edward Bernays 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3484:Charles Darwin 3481: 3479:Arthur Desmond 3476: 3471: 3466: 3460: 3458: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3450: 3431: 3426: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3410: 3409:(2002–present) 3407:Peggy Nadramia 3404: 3401:Blanche Barton 3398: 3392: 3386: 3379: 3377: 3376:High Priestess 3373: 3372: 3370: 3369: 3368:(2001–present) 3363: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3332: 3325: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3297: 3290: 3289:External links 3287: 3284: 3283: 3266:Satanic Living 3253: 3246: 3228: 3218: 3197: 3172: 3158: 3138: 3123: 3101: 3073: 3045: 3038: 3018: 3011: 2991: 2962: 2937: 2925: 2899: 2877: 2855: 2836:"St. Walburga" 2820: 2805: 2802:. p. xix. 2786: 2775: 2757: 2750: 2732: 2721: 2703: 2678: 2671: 2649: 2622: 2596: 2577: 2570: 2552: 2546:Walpurgisnacht 2538: 2513: 2502: 2477: 2452: 2441: 2410: 2387: 2376: 2351: 2341: 2310: 2293: 2282: 2259: 2252: 2240:Wells, John C. 2231: 2224: 2189: 2153: 2143: 2137:. p. 51. 2111: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2102: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2017: 2001: 1998: 1992:Additionally, 1968: 1965: 1750:Valborg (name) 1745: 1742: 1714:Reformed party 1653: 1650: 1616: 1613: 1589:, traditional 1548:Walpurgisnacht 1531:Walpurgisnacht 1515:Walpurgisnacht 1509:Faust Part Two 1506:," and one in 1503:Walpurgisnacht 1497:Faust Part One 1418:Lewis Morrison 1410: 1407: 1392:sparkling wine 1310:is a standard 1229:sparkling wine 1207:New Year's Eve 1114: 1111: 1107:mayor of Tartu 1062: 1059: 1046: 1043: 1039:Edith Pargeter 1012:Czech Republic 987: 986:Czech Republic 984: 981: 980: 895: 893: 886: 880: 877: 812:spring equinox 727:and sister of 717:Saint Walpurga 693:Saint Walpurga 679:Saint Walpurga 677:Main article: 674: 671: 659:James the Less 614:Walpurgisnacht 604:Valpuržina noc 582:Valpurģu nakts 518:Walpurgisnacht 507:Saint Walpurga 502: 499: 481:. In Finland, 451:Czech Republic 439:Central Europe 383:". Christians 377:whooping cough 346:Saint Walpurga 334:Walpurgisnacht 237: 236: 227: 223: 222: 219: 215: 214: 211: 207: 206: 189: 185: 184: 175: 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 160: 159: 154: 149: 143: 141: 137: 136: 134: 133: 130: 127: 124: 121: 118: 115: 112: 109: 106: 103: 100: 99:Walpurgisnacht 96: 94: 90: 89: 77:Walpurgisnacht 74: 66: 65: 63: 62: 57: 53: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4075: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4008: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3987:Hellfire Club 3985: 3983: 3982:Satanic panic 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3881:Individualism 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3836:Carnivalesque 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3730:Strange Music 3727: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3665: 3664: 3663:Satan Speaks! 3660: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3559:H. 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