28:, when they first settled in their place of origin and the Mukogodo adopted the Yaakunte language. However, the Yaaku were later assimilated by a food producing population and they lost their way of life. The Yaakunte language was kept alive for sometime by the Mukogodo who maintained their own hunter-gathering way of life, but they were later immersed in
84:
When the Yaaku community first entered the territory they would occupy, they met a people who mostly lived by hunting and gathering. However they distinguished themselves from this population by means of residence. This community lived in caves and the Yaaku came to call them
Mukogodo, a name which
63:
begin with an entry into East Africa at a point in northeast Uganda. From here they moved "into northern and eastern Kenya as far south as Mt. Kenya. Their modern representatives are the Yaaku hunters who live on the northern slopes of Mt. Kenya". Other present day representatives of the
Eastern
58:
According to
Mukogodo traditions recorded by Mhando (2008), the Yaaku speakers moved into Kenya from southern Ethiopia. At this time they were herders and cultivators In this regard, the narratives are congruent with linguistic reconstruction of the history of the Yaakunte speakers. According to
163:
pressure intensified in the south. Consequently, Muoko communities gradually disintegrated as their herds were seized and absorbed by former foes. These traditions particular of later stages, deal primarily with the seizure of Muoko children for Meru homesteads or the adoption of captive Muoko
120:
The broad
Mukogodo understanding of the decline of Yaaku identity is that the speakers were assimilated by another food producing people, a process that happened over a long period of time. During this period, the Yaaku speaking Mukogodo maintained their way of life and the Yaakunte language.
32:
culture and adopted the Maa language and way of life. The
Yaakunte language is today facing extinction but is undergoing a revival movement. In the present time, the terms Yaaku and Mukogodo (sometimes Mukogodo Maasai), are used to refer to a population living in Mukogodo forest west of
128:
The beginning of the end of Yaaku culture is attributed to the tribal conflicts between the Yaaku and their neighbors which led to the killings of many Yaaku people. The few who had remained disintegrated and settled in blocks according to families and clans within specific
150:
community had been ongoing for "decades". However, a notable period of intense
Tigania pressure brought the Muoko within raiding range of the Il Tikirri (recalled in Tigania as Ngiithi) and Mumunyot (recalled as Rimunyo) communities.
135:
at a place called
Oldoinyo esarge, or blood hill where hundreds of Yaaku were killed. Within the same time, the Ilturjo from the north riding on horses (nyumbui) attacked the Yaaku, further killing many of them...
146:
Fadiman (1997) recorded Meru traditions that also give an account of this conflict, which they relate occurred with a community recalled as Muoko. According to the traditions, conflict with the
190:
in the first half of the twentieth century (1920s and 1930s), although some still keep bees. The reason for this transition is mostly one of social prestige. The Maasai look down upon
174:
Fadiman postulates that the absorption of former foes may have therefore significantly modified
Tigania institutions and, indirectly, those of adjacent Meru regions as well.
20:
are a people who are said to have lived in regions of southern
Ethiopia and central Kenya, possibly through to the 18th century. The language they spoke is today called
675:
242:
In the present time, both the terms Yaaku and
Mukogodo, sometimes Mukogodo Maasai are used to refer to a population living in Mukogodo forest west of Mount Kenya.
45:
The name Yaaku is said to be a Southern Nilotic term for hunting people while Mukogodo is a Yaakunte word meaning people who live in rocks.
668:
1001:
351:
996:
661:
410:'Mukogodo' means people who live in rocks...The hunter gatherers in whose localities they settled adopted their language...
695:
215:
101:
The Mukogodo in whose localities the Yaaku settled, adopted the language of the Yaaku, referred to as Yaakunte.
93:
Traditions recorded by Mhando portray the Yaaku as having been herders and cultivators when they first settled.
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Certain traditions however, relate the decline of Yaaku identity to a specific period which included conflict;
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198:('the ones without cattle'), and many Mukogodo consider the Maasai culture superior to their own.
591:
Brenzinger, Matthias (1992) 'Lexical retention in language shift', in Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.)
207:
653:
773:
629:
Sommer, Gabriele (1992) 'A survey on language death in Africa', in Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.)
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339:
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As a result of the decision to transition to pastoralism, the Mukogodo largely gave up their
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60:
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631:
Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa
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Heine, Bernd & Brenzinger, Matthias (1988) 'Notes on the Mukogodo dialect of Maasai',
593:
Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa
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191:
25:
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Mous, Maarten & Stoks, Hans & Blonk, Matthijs (2005) 'De laatste sprekers' , in
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Cronk, Lee (2002) 'From true Dorobo to Mukogodo-Maasai: contested ethnicity in Kenya',
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In this section of the report, the name Yaaku and Mukogodo are used interchangeably
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24:. The Yaaku assimilated a hunter-gathering population, whom they called
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76:(Lake Stephanie) region; and the Elmolo fishermen of east Turkana".
344:
The Archaeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History
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The Yaaku speakers were assimilated by other food producing people
59:
linguist Christopher Ehret (1982), the presumed movements of the
346:. Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 113-114.
657:
605:
Heine, Bernd (1974/75) 'Notes on the Yaaku language (Kenya)',
496:. California: University of California Press. pp. 59–60.
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The original Yaaku speakers migrated from southern Ethiopia.
481:. California: University of California Press. p. 84.
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A war broke out a few years later between the Yaaku and
648:
564:
Safeguarding Endangered Oral Traditions In East Africa
535:
Safeguarding Endangered Oral Traditions In East Africa
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Safeguarding Endangered Oral Traditions In East Africa
453:
Safeguarding Endangered Oral Traditions In East Africa
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Safeguarding Endangered Oral Traditions In East Africa
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Safeguarding Endangered Oral Traditions In East Africa
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Safeguarding Endangered Oral Traditions In East Africa
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Safeguarding Endangered Oral Traditions In East Africa
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Safeguarding Endangered Oral Traditions In East Africa
155:
The Ngiithi and Rimunyo communities began to raid the
633:. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 301–417.
595:. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 213–254.
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Cushities that Ehret notes include, "the Arbore and
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978:Population and Housing Census - Ethnic Affiliation
233:, for details of the language and revival movement
562:Jacob Mhando; National Museums of Kenya (2008).
533:Jacob Mhando; National Museums of Kenya (2008).
507:Jacob Mhando; National Museums of Kenya (2008).
451:Jacob Mhando; National Museums of Kenya (2008).
422:Jacob Mhando; National Museums of Kenya (2008).
393:Jacob Mhando; National Museums of Kenya (2008).
367:Jacob Mhando; National Museums of Kenya (2008).
310:Jacob Mhando; National Museums of Kenya (2008).
281:Jacob Mhando; National Museums of Kenya (2008).
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85:means people who live in rocks in Yaakunte.
609:, 58(1), 27–61; 58(2), 119–138.
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662:
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298:'Mukogodo' means people who live in rocks
621:Indigo, tijdschrift over inheemse volken
644:Profile of the Mukogodo People of Kenya
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164:warriors into Tiganian clans...
159:from the north at the same time that
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156:
14:
494:When We Began There Were Witchmen
479:When We Began There Were Witchmen
182:The Mukogodo assimilated to the
68:herders and cultivators in the
614:Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere
1:
625:See article The last speakers
342:; Posnansky, Merrick (1982).
569:(Report). Unesco. p. 23
540:(Report). Unesco. p. 23
514:(Report). Unesco. p. 23
458:(Report). Unesco. p. 25
429:(Report). Unesco. p. 23
400:(Report). Unesco. p. 23
374:(Report). Unesco. p. 23
317:(Report). Unesco. p. 23
288:(Report). Unesco. p. 23
202:Adoption of Maasai language
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1002:Cushitic-speaking peoples
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221:between 1925 and 1936.
997:Ethnic groups in Kenya
688:(by linguistic origin)
685:Ethnic groups in Kenya
623:, pp. 9–13.
194:peoples, calling them
178:Yaaku language decline
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116:Yaaku identity decline
602:, 41(1), 27–49.
97:Mukogodo assimilation
492:Fadiman, J. (1994).
477:Fadiman, J. (1994).
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607:Afrika und Ăśbersee
340:Ehret, Christopher
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586:Bibliography
571:. Retrieved
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141:Mhando, 2008
129:territories.
127:
123:
119:
100:
92:
83:
70:Lake Turkana
57:
44:
17:
15:
877:Afroasiatic
696:Niger–Congo
252:Ngaa people
238:Yaaku today
184:pastoralist
89:Subsistence
80:Way of life
35:Mount Kenya
991:Categories
268:References
111:Worr Libin
109:See also:
105:Worr Libin
74:Chew Bahir
895:Daasanach
774:Mijikenda
600:Ethnology
210:language
41:Etymology
976:Source:
966:European
958:European
915:Rendille
832:Kalenjin
246:See also
214:for the
208:Cushitic
167:—
161:Tiganian
139:—
66:Dasanech
26:Mukogodo
22:Yaakunte
943:Chinese
900:El Molo
867:Turkana
837:Samburu
789:Swahili
729:Giriama
54:Origins
49:History
1007:Dorobo
948:Indian
920:Somali
852:Maasai
822:Ateker
817:Ariaal
799:Taveta
779:Pokomo
764:Mbeere
744:Kikuyu
734:Jibana
714:Chonyi
709:Bajuni
704:Agumba
350:
257:Dorobo
196:Dorobo
188:Maasai
30:Maasai
935:Asian
925:Yaaku
905:Gabra
885:Aweer
857:Okiek
827:Camus
794:Taita
759:Luhya
754:Kuria
749:Kisii
739:Kamba
567:(PDF)
538:(PDF)
512:(PDF)
456:(PDF)
427:(PDF)
398:(PDF)
372:(PDF)
315:(PDF)
286:(PDF)
212:Yaaku
157:Muoko
148:Muoko
133:Ameru
18:Yaaku
910:Orma
862:Teso
842:Kore
784:Suba
769:Meru
724:Embu
719:Digo
575:2019
546:2019
520:2019
464:2019
435:2019
406:2019
380:2019
348:ISBN
323:2019
294:2019
16:The
847:Luo
37:.
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