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the
Smokejumpers were killed or cut off by Dodge's fire, as some of their families alleged. In part 2, Maclean returns to Mann Gulch with the two living survivors of the fire and his research assistant Laird Robinson, himself a former Smokejumper. From his observations in Mann Gulch, the testimony of witnesses, the research of fire scientists, and his imaginative reconstruction of the dead Smokejumpers' final moments, Maclean attempts to answer the question of Dodge's culpability and, more broadly, to give the Mann Gulch catastrophe the shape and consolation of tragedy. Part 3 is a short coda that one critic describes as "an imaginative funeral service and benediction".
373:, John N. Maclean, and Jean Maclean Snyder. The editing focused on repetition, inconsistencies, and fact-checking, and shortened the work by about 15%. The words remained Maclean's. "Black Ghost", a story about Maclean visiting the still-burning Mann Gulch fire about a week after the blow-up, was not part of Maclean's manuscript but was added by the publisher as "a fitting prelude". A reviewer would later characterize "Black Ghost" as a "Shakespearean 'argument', or overture", that "contains all the elements of forest fire in general and Mann Gulch in particular". The book was published with a selection of photographs, including two by
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on duty of the Helena
National Forest's Canyon Ferry District, the area that included Mann Gulch. Maclean and Robinson also take Walter Rumsey and Robert Sallee, the only two living survivors of the fire team (as survivor Wag Dodge died in 1955), back to the scene of the fire in 1978, hoping that walking the ground again would help solve some of the missing pieces. Additionally, Maclean and Robinson use the modern Fire Lab and their mathematical analysis (advances in fire methodology not available in 1949), to search for answers to the fire.
275:'s achievement "rests in the insistent way Maclean approaches, closely and personally, the unknowable: the final minutes and seconds when the Smokejumpers are running for their lives as the towering, suffering inferno overtakes them. More generally, it rests in the way Maclean concedes and makes a theme of his uncertainty and doubt in the face of unrecoverable history."
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557:"the seminal text in our national war on fire. As an account of how that war is fought, it is accurate and thrilling. As an elegy for the victims, it is beautiful. But, like many such stories, it fails to ask the crucial question: whether that war should ever have been fought in the first place ... Today, the battle in Mann Gulch seems worse than pointless."
298:, death informs life, and compassion redeems pointless deaths." Literary scholar Lindsay Atnip argues that for Maclean to create tragedy out of catastrophe "amounts not just to explaining why things went terribly wrong, but also seeing in the catastrophe an intimation of certain hidden or unacknowledged conditions of human life".
476:: "While the similarities between the two books are not obvious, Young Men and Fire echoes Maclean's earlier fiction and parallels its subtle theological explorations. Most strikingly, both books show Maclean obsessed with the question of grace: Why do some receive the grace to survive, while others die untimely, tragically?"
312:, Roger Just called it "extremely difficult to classify: 'a true story of the Mann Gulch Fire' as the cover proclaims; but also a detective story; also a semi-scientific treatise on forest fires; also an autobiography of a man's closing years; also the summation of a career in which life and literature meld." In the
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also concerns several of the individual
Smokejumpers who parachuted into Mann Gulch that day, among them Henry J. Thol, Jr., who ran the furthest; Joseph B. Sylvia, whom foreman Dodge found sitting on a rock after the fire passed, soon to die of his burns; Eldon E. Diettert, the youngest, who died on
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With all of these pieces, several trips to Mann Gulch, and ideas exchanged between Bud Moore, Ed
Heilman, Richard Rothermel, Frank Albini, and other members of the U.S. Forest Service forest fire investigators, Maclean and Robinson come to new conclusions on the fire's behavior: that the wind went in
195:
is structured in three parts. In part 1, Maclean gives a minute-by-minute account of the unusual "blowup" that trapped the
Smokejumpers in Mann Gulch. Part 2 tells of Maclean's attempt to find meaning in the disaster by understanding the Smokejumpers' decisions and the fire's behavior: "If there is a
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He does what great artists have always done: refuse to give up on the shapes they can find in or impress on their materials. And so he remains true to the power of his own language and his own heart. He does not lie. He finds in these young smoke jumpers the classic hubris, the heartbraking panache,
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at that time of day. Instead, they proved that the wind was traveling north, or downriver, and that the top of the ridge (which juts out as the river bends sharply to the northwest and separates Mann Gulch and
Meriwether Canyon) split this downriver wind in two. These two separate smaller winds then
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of the fire, the testimony of the three men who fought the fire and lived, and the research and report of Robert
Jansson and Harry T. Gisborne (who would suffer a fatal heart attack at Mann Gulch two months later trying to get to the bottom of the tragedy). On the day of the fire, Jansson was ranger
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Central to the book is the decision by the
Smokejumpers' foreman R. Wagner "Wag" Dodge to light an "escape fire" ahead of the main fire that his men were trying to outrun. Dodge survived by lying down in the ashes of his fire as the main fire passed over him. Maclean set out to learn whether some of
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said that "the book has had an extraordinary effect on the survivors, first raising anxieties and stirring old bitterness, but eventually at least for some easing the sting of that cataclysmic event more than four decades ago. In a way, the Mann Gulch never stopped burning." "The poignant beauty of
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was where, near the end, all the lives he had lived would merge: the lives of a woodsman, firefighter, scholar, teacher, and storyteller." On the book's penultimate page, Maclean writes, "I, an old man, have written this fire report. Among other things, it was important to me, as an exercise of old
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that "in the end it defeated him, at least in his own eyes.... Yet he managed to leave behind enough written materials to be edited into a book whose voice and vision are his own." Boroff judges the last twenty pages of the book a failure: "If his creative energies had lasted, he would surely have
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Additionally, the vegetation pattern played a part in how the fire developed and took the lives of the men. The south side of the gulch was of the mountains, with taller forested trees, but the north side of the gulch was of the plains, with smaller trees and dense grasses. This combination of
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The book tells the story of an initially routine-seeming fire in which a combination of individually unlikely developments create an inferno in which most of the smoke jumpers are killed. In doing so, it presents themes of fate, misjudgment, and fickle circumstances.
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Maclean's prose is consoling", wrote the sister-in-law of
Stanley Reba, one of the Smokejumpers who died in Mann Gulch, in a letter to the book's publisher: "I felt that at last they had not been forgotten nor would they be. Young Men and Fire is their testimony."
553:—because I had long loved it, but also because I had grown troubled by its role in the wildfire crisis we are currently experiencing. Maclean told, quite beautifully, the story of a tragedy. But also, quite tragically, he told the wrong story." She calls
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with which they tackled all fires, never realizing that their very facility in keeping all little fires little was unfitting them for dealing with a big fire. He brilliantly traces the small details, which, as in
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wrote that "Dreadful as their deaths were, the courage of these young men and
Maclean's Homeric treatment leaves one with a feeling of exaltation." Enthusiastic reviews also appeared in the
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describes Maclean as "trying to shape, or at least to see, art in tragedy while acknowledging that 'tragedy is the most demanding of all literary forms.'" Reviewer John Ottenhoff notes in
1364:"The Story That Tore Through The Trees: Amid some of the worst wildfire conditions America has seen in a century, a return to the book that burned its way into our collective imagination"
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re-converged (on the other side of the ridge) in the heart of the gulch (at right angles). This convergence combined with massive heat, produced by the fire and the hot August afternoon.
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the opposite direction than was originally thought possible, and once the fire got started, it created its own unique weather system (which few thought possible before this research).
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may be imperfect and strained, but that is because Maclean is trying to grasp something ultimate—the quality of 'a special kind of death', the death of the young and unfulfilled."
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contrasting vegetation, heat, air currents, and right-angle winds, would cause the fire to change direction instantly, trapping and killing most of the fire fighters in its path.
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or said it suffered from being unfinished. In an extensive 1994 essay drawing from her correspondence with Maclean, his friend and former student, the literary scholar and poet
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in his seventy-fourth year and alludes frequently in the book to his age, both as a motivation and as a difficulty. The Publisher's Note prefacing the book states that "
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Maclean and Robinson, in their attempt to forensically analyze the Mann Gulch Fire, bring together multiple sources, including the official report of the
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415:, build to overwhelming force; he calls them "screwups", true, but they have the same dignity and terrifying force as Desdemona's handkerchief.
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A recurring theme in the book is Maclean's wish to give a shape to the Mann Gulch disaster. In his foreword to the 25th anniversary edition of
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By the end of their investigation, Maclean and Robinson conclude that Dodge's escape fire was not culpable in the Smokejumpers' deaths.
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from the perspective of climate change and evolving ideas about fire suppression: "Like many people, I went to Mann Gulch because of
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age, to enlarge my knowledge and spirit so I could accompany young men whose lives I might have lived on their way to death."
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Barrett, Sharon (August 16, 1992). "'Even Into Smoke And Fire: Norman Maclean's Search for Truth in Ashes of a Tragedy".
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in 1987 due to ill health and left it unfinished at the time of his death in 1990. After his death, Maclean's children
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story in Mann Gulch", he writes near the beginning of part 2, "it will take something of a storyteller to find it."
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McNamee, Gregory (August 30, 1992). "Fatal Ineptitude at Mann Gulch: 'Young Men and Fire' Examines the Tragedy".
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called the book "a humane and personal memoir, scarcely less elegiac and elegantly written than the first one,
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had a 30,000-copy first printing and as of December 1992 was in its fifth printing. It spent 14 weeks on the
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Merriam, Ginny (August 23, 1992). "Maclean pours some of his magic and all of himself into 'Young Men'".
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of 1949 and how it led to the deaths of 13 wildland firefighters, 12 of them members of the
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award for general nonfiction. Speaking at the award ceremony in March 1993, Maclean's son
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his nineteenth birthday; and the three who survived the fire: Dodge, Sallee, and Rumsey.
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West, Woody (August 23, 1992). "An old man's report on fire and death of 13 young men".
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This edition is re-typeset, with pagination that differs from the 1992 (first) edition.
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Norman Maclean website, with links to excerpt from Young Men and Fire, and photographs
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discusses the book's history and takes up Boroff's criticism: "The closing pages of
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been able to contrive an ending equal in power to the memorable final paragraphs of
394:. Upon publication, the book was reviewed enthusiastically on the front page of the
365:. It was edited for publication by the University of Chicago Press with advice from
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767:(Twenty-fifth anniversary ed.). University of Chicago Press. p. xvii.
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It was always assumed that the wind was traveling south, or upstream, on the
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Thomas, Alan (Winter 1993). "Fire and Rain: The Passion of Norman Maclean".
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Long, Ben (September 11, 1992). "Maclean's last book a burning obsession".
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best sellers list and was chosen one of the nine best books of 1992 by the
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Knickerbocker, Brad (September 10, 1992). "Long Look Back After a Fire".
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926:(1st ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. vii–viii.
320:"worthy of comparison to the masterpiece in its genre, Truman Capote's
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Rosenheim, Andrew (January 10, 1993). "How and why of old flames".
805:"From Tragedy to Apocalypse in Norman Maclean's Young Men and Fire"
605:, Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Edition, with a foreword by Timothy Egan
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Coates, Joseph (August 16, 1992). "Seeking the tragic resonance".
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Coates, Joseph (August 16, 1992). "Seeking the tragic resonance".
294:, about which Maclean had written eloquently in his career at the
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on August 5. The book was a national bestseller and won the 1992
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Maryles, Daisy (December 14, 1992). "Behind the Bestsellers".
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Young Men and Fire received strong pre-publication reviews in
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Montgomery, W. R. (August 23, 1992). "The burning question".
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Ottenhoff, John (January 20, 1993). "Obsessed with grace".
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Dublin, Max (November 21, 1992). "Truth beyond mere fact".
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Ottenhoff, John (January 20, 1993). "Obsessed with grace".
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Merriam, Ginny (August 23, 1992). "A fire takes over".
153:. It is Maclean's story of his quest to understand the
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Living U.S.-China relations: from Cold War to Cold War
655:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. xxii.
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and Jean Maclean Snyder brought the manuscript to the
750:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. xxii.
638:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. xxii.
1347:Streitfeld, David (April 25, 1993). "Book Report".
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1011:. Vol. 88, no. 21. July 1992. p. 2.
304:has been called a nonfiction novel. Reviewing the
545:reporting on a trip to Mann Gulch and revisiting
1435:National Book Critics Circle Award-winning works
377:that originally appeared in an August 22, 1949,
632:Weltzien, O. Alan, ed. (2008). "Introduction".
404:
949:Home Waters: A Chronicle of Family and a River
837:Just, Roger (January 8, 1993). "Fiery Feats".
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1409:The Real Toll of the West's Battle with Fire
21:
472:, John Ottenhoff also compared the book to
744:Weltzien, O. Alan (2008). "Introduction".
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649:Weltzien, O. Alan (2008). "Introduction".
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383:magazine feature on the Mann Gulch Fire.
363:A River Runs through It and Other Stories
1024:"Book Review: With the Brave Young Dead"
1041:Hauptman, William (September 6, 1992).
951:. New York: HarperCollins. p. 226.
878:"The Achievement of Young Men and Fire"
811:. Vol. 22, no. 1. p. 75.
624:
16:1992 non-fiction book by Norman Maclean
575:(Norman Maclean’s son) about the 1994
149:is a 1992 non-fiction book written by
1445:History books about the United States
1411:". Gear Patrol. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
1362:Schulz, Kathryn (September 9, 2014).
1234:"Exorcising Ghosts of Searing Flames"
1022:Kincaid, James R. (August 16, 1992).
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679:Maclean (1992). "Publisher's Note".
1278:"The Achievement of Norman Maclean"
316:, reviewer Dennis Drabelle called
219:Mann Gulch fire commemorative sign
188:Mann Gulch, Helena National Forest
174:National Book Critics Circle Award
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1440:University of Chicago Press books
479:Other critics, however, compared
170:Gates of the Mountains Wilderness
600:Maclean, Norman (1992, 2017),
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1407:Wright, Chris (2018-11-20). "
1047:Los Angeles Times Book Review
966:(1st ed.). p. viii.
587:, which took the lives of 14
445:The Christian Science Monitor
421:Los Angeles Times Book Review
271:, O. Alan Weltzien says that
1232:Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher.
698:(1st ed.). p. 300.
683:(1st ed.). p. vii.
524:National Book Critics Circle
338:Let Us Now Praise Famous Men
205:United States Forest Service
1403:University of Chicago Press
1395:University of Chicago Press
882:Los Angeles Review of Books
826:. Waterstone's Booksellers.
609:University of Chicago Press
502:Los Angeles Review of Books
359:University of Chicago Press
349:Maclean stopped working on
85:University of Chicago Press
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1430:American non-fiction books
1334:New York Times Book Review
520:New York Times Book Review
396:New York Times Book Review
361:, publishers of Maclean's
314:Washington Post Book World
1122:Christian Science Monitor
947:Maclean, John N. (2021).
839:Times Literary Supplement
761:Maclean, Norman (2017) .
747:The Norman Maclean Reader
652:The Norman Maclean Reader
635:The Norman Maclean Reader
345:Publication and reception
310:Times Literary Supplement
269:The Norman Maclean Reader
176:for general non-fiction.
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1159:New York Review of Books
922:Maclean, Norman (1992).
721:Rowman & Littlefield
457:New York Review of Books
251:Maclean started writing
854:"Inferno at Mann Gulch"
803:Atnip, Lindsay (2020).
500:." A 2015 essay in the
498:A River Runs Through It
485:A River Runs through It
474:A River Runs through It
466:A River Runs Through It
267:In his introduction to
164:. The fire occurred in
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538:published an essay in
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1262:. Kalispell, Montana.
1174:The Christian Century
790:The Christian Century
470:The Christian Century
334:compared the book to
296:University of Chicago
288:The Christian Century
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1260:The Daily Inter Lake
1204:The Kansas City Star
1189:Independent (London)
1153:(January 28, 1993).
1137:The Washington Times
809:Literary Imagination
607:(Chicago, Illinois:
568:Fire on the Mountain
534:In 2014, the writer
449:The Washington Times
1450:Books about Montana
1366:. New York Magazine
1349:The Washington Post
1336:. December 6, 1992.
1332:"Editors' Choice".
1321:. December 6, 1992.
1062:Boston Sunday Globe
858:The Washington Post
585:Storm King Mountain
573:John Norman Maclean
429:Boston Sunday Globe
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22:Young Men and Fire
1390:Young Men and Fire
1319:The New York Times
1238:The New York Times
1155:"Death in Montana"
1028:The New York Times
964:Young Men and Fire
924:Young Men and Fire
852:Drabelle, Dennis.
764:Young Men and Fire
696:Young Men and Fire
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603:Young Men and Fire
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522:. It won the 1992
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1107:Chicago Sun-Times
730:978-1-5381-8725-8
713:Lampton, David M.
577:South Canyon Fire
571:, a 1999 book by
483:unfavorably with
441:Chicago Sun-Times
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