42:
before the insulin transcription start site, called the "insulin regulatory sequence". This sequence is made up of several distinct regions with different biochemical properties, each of which serve as binding sites for distinct regulatory proteins. First, multiple
415:
Jang WG, Kim EJ, Park KG, Park YB, Choi HS, Kim HJ, Kim YD, Kim KS, Lee KU, Lee IK (January 2007). "Glucocorticoid receptor mediated repression of human insulin gene expression is regulated by PGC-1alpha".
67:. Second, two so-called "C elements" – C1 located 107–118 base pairs before the transcription start site; C2 311–317 base pairs before the start site. C1 is bound by
79:. Third, an "E element" (two in rodents) with sequence GCCATCTG is 91–100 base pairs before the transcription start site and binds the
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In humans, a "Z-element" resides 243–292 base pairs before the start site and binds a complex called ZaI, as well as PDX-1 and MafA.
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335:"Regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion and pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes"
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75:. C2 (also called the "pancreatic islet cell enhancer sequence" or "PISCES") is bound by
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51:-rich sequences, called "A elements", each of which contains a "TAAT" reocognized by
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87:. Lastly, several "cyclic AMP response elements" with sequence TGACGTCA that binds
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Regulatory sequences and their transcription factors for the insulin gene.
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374:Melloul D, Marshak S, Cerasi E (March 2002).
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376:"Regulation of insulin gene transcription"
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350:
333:Fu Z, Gilbert ER, Liu D (January 2013).
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55:. These regions are primarily bound by
34:is regulated by the binding of various
7:
244:(CEB) (partly overlapping A2 and C1)
25:
1:
141:negative regulatory element
479:
430:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.074
393:10.1007/s00125-001-0728-y
160:(overlapping NRE and C2)
147:glucocorticoid receptor
83:transcription factors
242:CAAT enhancer binding
110:transcription factors
36:transcription factors
18:Z-box of insulin gene
458:Regulatory sequences
53:homeodomain proteins
104:Regulatory sequence
99:
97:
339:Curr Diabetes Rev
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16:(Redirected from
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81:helix-loop-helix
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424:(3): 716–21.
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386:(3): 309–26.
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28:Transcription
19:
421:
417:
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383:
380:Diabetologia
379:
369:
345:(1): 25–53.
342:
338:
304:
93:
38:to the ~400
26:
59:, but also
452:Categories
309:References
40:base pairs
438:17150186
402:11914736
361:22974359
108:binding
463:Insulin
352:3934755
272:NeuroD1
216:CREB RE
85:NEUROD1
69:RIPE3b1
32:insulin
436:
400:
359:
349:
143:(NRE)
65:Isl-1
57:PDX-1
434:PMID
398:PMID
357:PMID
288:Pdx1
225:CREM
221:CREB
209:Pdx1
197:USF2
193:USF1
182:(?)
180:MafA
176:Pax4
151:Oct1
134:Pdx1
122:Par1
117:ILPR
89:CREB
77:PAX6
73:MafA
71:via
63:and
61:Cdx2
426:doi
422:352
388:doi
347:PMC
276:HEB
268:E2A
164:ISF
30:of
454::
432:.
420:.
396:.
384:45
382:.
378:.
355:.
341:.
337:.
317:^
299:–
295:G1
283:A1
274:,
270:,
263:E1
257:–
253:C1
247:–
236:–
232:A2
223:,
204:A3
188:E2
178:,
171:C2
149:,
129:A5
91:.
440:.
428::
404:.
390::
363:.
343:9
195:/
158:Z
49:T
47:/
45:A
20:)
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