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limbs in chameleons, for instance, are organized into a medial bundle of digits 1, 2 and 3, and a lateral bundle of digits 4 and 5, while the feet of the hind limbs are organized into a medial bundle of digits 1 and 2, and a lateral bundle of digits 3, 4 and 5. On the other hand, zygodactyly involves digits 1 and 4 opposing digits 2 and 3, which is an arrangement that chameleons do not exhibit in either front or hind limbs.
600:
560:
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195:
368:
870:
are organized into bundles of a group of two and a group of three digits which oppose one another to grasp branches in a pincer-like arrangement. This condition has been called zygodactyly or didactyly, but the specific arrangement in chameleons does not fit either definition. The feet of the front
624:
is a medical term describing the curvature of a digit (a finger or toe) in the plane of the palm, most commonly the fifth finger (the "little finger") towards the adjacent fourth finger (the "ring finger"). It is a fairly common isolated anomaly which often goes unnoticed, but also occurs in
1652:
1645:
1638:
282:. In humans this name is used for an abnormality in which the middle digits are missing, leaving only the thumb and fifth finger, or big and little toes. Cloven-hoofed mammals (such as deer, sheep and cattle –
467:. The use of a term normally reserved for congenital defects reflects that it was regarded as an anomaly at the time, as it was believed that all modern tetrapods have either five digits or ancestors that did.
718:
Syndactyly, as it occurs in birds, is like anisodactyly, except that the third and fourth toes (the outer and middle forward-pointing toes), or three toes, are fused together almost to their claws, as in the
1199:
2334:
769:, even-numbered) is an arrangement of digits in birds and chameleons, with two toes facing forward (digits 2 and 3) and two back (digits 1 and 4). This arrangement is most common in
1349:
Zhang, Z.; Hou, L.; Hasegawa, Y.; O'Connor, J.; Martin, L.D.; Chiappe, L.M. (2006). "The first
Mesozoic heterodactyl bird from China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 80 (5): 631–635.
850:
Pamprodactyly is an arrangement in which all four toes point forward, outer toes (toe 1 and sometimes 4) often if not regularly reversible. It is a characteristic of
1114:
463:, which are providing insights into the appearance of tetrapods and the origin of limbs with digits. It also occurs secondarily in some later tetrapods, such as
142:
and described the specializations of digit reduction. Despite the individual variations listed below, the relationship is to the original five-digit model.
1170:
2232:
130:
are descended from an ancestor with a pentadactyl limb, although many species have now lost or transformed some or all of their digits by the process of
887:. Some remnant of each digit generally remains under the soft tissue of the flipper, though digit reduction gradually occurs such as in baleen whales (
1725:
1630:
440:
As a result of congenital abnormality in a normally pentadactyl animal. Polydactyly is very common among domestic cats. For more information, see
152:
makes them pentadactyls. Cats also have dewclaws on their front limbs but not their hind limbs, making them both pentadactyls and tetradactyls.
1013:
2173:
541:, is the congenital absence of one or more central digits of the hands and feet. Consequently, it is a form of oligodactyly. News anchor
545:
is probably the best-known person with this condition, which affects about one in 91,000 people. It is conspicuously more common in the
353:
Among humans, the term "five-fingered hand" is sometimes used to mean the abnormality of having five fingers, none of which is a thumb.
1091:
1038:
Solounias, Nikos; Danowitz, Melinda; Stachtiaris, Elizabeth; Khurana, Abhilasha; Araim, Marwan; Sayegh, Marc; Natale, Jessica (2018).
1368:
1359:
Anderson, Christopher V. & Higham, Timothy E. (2014). "Chameleon anatomy". In Tolley, Krystal A. & Herrel, Anthony (eds.).
829:
Heterodactyly is like zygodactyly, except that digits 3 and 4 point forward and digits 1 and 2 point back. This is found only in
2127:
1846:
751:
571:
139:
1293:
Botelho, João
Francisco; Smith-Paredes, Daniel; Nuñez-Leon, Daniel; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander O. (2014-08-07).
880:
447:
1962:
327:
kangaroos. Functional monodactyly, where the weight is supported on only one of multiple toes, can also occur, as in the
2349:
1665:
670:
Anisodactyly is the most common arrangement of digits in birds, with three toes forward and one back. This is common in
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beyond ancestral mammal and reptile conditions, is present in modern cetaceans and extinct marine reptiles.
126:"five") is the condition of having five digits on each limb. It is traditionally believed that all living
2354:
2012:
1677:
323:
might be composed of remnants of digits II and IV, rendering horses as not truly monodactyl) as well as
973:
term for grasping and clinging with the second and third digit, instead of the thumb and second digit.
2227:
1509:
1295:"The developmental origin of zygodactyl feet and its possible loss in the evolution of Passeriformes"
1251:
1123:
892:
455:
320:
99:
Sometimes the suffix "-dactylia" is used. The derived adjectives end with "-dactyl" or "-dactylous."
2045:
1661:
389:'together') is a condition where two or more digits are fused together. It occurs normally in some
1086:
Witton, Mark (2013). Pterosaurs: Natural
History, Evolution, Anatomy. Princeton University Press.
1017:
1907:
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690:. This arrangement of digits helps with perching and/or climbing and clinging. This occurs in
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Lockley, Martin G.; Li, Rihui; Harris, Jerald D.; Matsukawa, Masaki; Liu, Mingwei (2007).
986:
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31:
1443:"Hundreds of Genes Experienced Convergent Shifts in Selective Pressure in Marine Mammals"
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retained only the wing finger on the forelimb, rendering it also partially monodactyl.
275:
236:
1237:"Earliest zygodactyl bird feet: evidence from Early Cretaceous roadrunner-like tracks"
1236:
459:(Jarvik 1952), one of an increasing number of genera of stem-tetrapods known from the
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1972:
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113:
1537:
1427:
1279:
1104:
József Zákány; Catherine
Fromental-Ramain; Xavier Warot & Denis Duboule (1997).
2260:
2153:
1995:
1967:
1753:
1748:
1384:
Cooper, Lisa Noelle; Berta, Annalisa; Dawson, Susan D.; Reidenberg, Joy S. (2007).
955:
943:
888:
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646:
621:
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534:
529:
509:
482:
477:
464:
335:
284:
1040:"The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction"
270:'two') or bidactyly is the condition of having two digits on each limb, as in the
883:, the non-bony tissues of the forelimbs and/or hindlimbs are fused into a single
2183:
1950:
1941:
1826:
1758:
935:
801:. Zygodactyl tracks have been found dating to 120–110 million years ago (early
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578:
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2007:
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497:
436:'many') is when a limb has more than the usual number of digits. This can be:
375:
362:
220:
200:
1576:
1529:
1500:
Fish, F.E. (2004). "Structure and
Mechanics of Nonpiscine Control Surfaces".
1468:
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2017:
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genes: A dose-dependent mechanism with potential evolutionary implications"
1073:
655:
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combination with other abnormalities in certain genetic syndromes, such as
17:
1155:
138:
in his 1991 essay "Eight (or Fewer) Little
Piggies," where he pointed out
1707:
1703:
1685:
939:
923:
770:
671:
550:
331:
328:
311:'one') is the condition of having a single digit on a limb, as in modern
244:
183:
180:
127:
74:
1055:
805:), 50 million years before the first identified zygodactyl fossils. All
2275:
970:
951:
919:
915:
394:
316:
194:
149:
46:
1386:"Evolution of hyperphalangy and digit reduction in the cetacean manus"
367:
219:'three') is the condition of having three digits on a limb, as in the
54:
1402:
1385:
1171:"Belted Kingfisher With A Fish (plus an interesting foot adaptation)"
830:
818:
790:
778:
687:
546:
491:
431:
390:
384:
306:
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214:
171:'four') is the condition of having four digits on a limb, as in many
166:
121:
91:
77:
58:
1441:
Chikina, Maria; Robinson, Joseph D.; Clark, Nathan L. (2016-09-01).
891:). Marine mammals evolving flippers represents a classic example of
1209:. Vol. 4, no. 6. BirdLife South Africa. pp. 34–38.
910:
is present in a number of aquatic tetrapods. Such animals include
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679:
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366:
312:
248:
193:
36:
1299:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London B: Biological Sciences
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798:
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683:
172:
70:
66:
1634:
1614:"Why do most species have five digits on their hands and feet?"
2251:
1781:
1694:
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the digits on a hand or foot are absent, it is referred to as
240:
62:
777:
trunks or clamber through foliage. Zygodactyly occurs in the
764:
486:
426:
379:
301:
260:
209:
161:
116:
85:
1363:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 7–55.
1014:"Stephen Jay Gould "Eight (or Fewer) Little Piggies" 1991"
1224:– via FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology.
1553:"Perspectives on hyperphalangy: patterns and processes"
1200:"Fancy Footwork: The Dazzling Diversity of Avian Feet"
1106:"Regulation of number and size of digits by posterior
496:'few') is having too few digits when not caused by an
2298:
2274:
2250:
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2196:
2146:
2108:
2080:
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2028:
1988:
1932:
1925:
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1817:
1780:
1771:
1734:
1702:
1693:
1676:
954:. Hyperphalangy, or an increase in the number of
408:. It occurs as an unusual condition in humans.
2335:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system
1646:
239:. Some birds also have three toes, including
8:
134:. However, this viewpoint was challenged by
145:In reptiles, the limbs are pentadactylous.
2247:
2077:
2068:
1929:
1777:
1699:
1690:
1653:
1639:
1631:
371:Human foot with partial simple syndactyly.
1584:
1476:
1458:
1401:
1326:
1145:
1135:
1063:
950:), and flightless aquatic birds such as
1193:
1191:
1004:
773:species, particularly those that climb
555:
512:on one or (commonly) more digits. When
27:Arrangement of digits on hands and feet
1198:Nupen, Lisa (September–October 2016).
842:might also have had this arrangement.
759:has raised its right foot to its beak.
148:Dogs have tetradactylous paws but the
500:. It is sometimes incorrectly called
7:
2174:Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
1551:Fedak, Tim J; Hall, Brian K (2004).
319:(though one study suggests that the
1502:IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering
678:, as well as hunting birds such as
223:and ancestors of the horse such as
1664:malformations and deformations of
902:Full webbing of the digits in the
25:
1612:Coates, Michael (25 April 2005).
1569:10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00278.x
1169:Dudley, Ron (14 February 2016).
598:
586:
570:
558:
80:. The term is derived from the
41:Human hand anatomy (pentadactyl)
1847:Congenital patellar dislocation
1726:Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome
1447:Molecular Biology and Evolution
881:secondarily aquatic vertebrates
710:and a majority of other birds.
288:) have only two digits, as do
140:polydactyly in early tetrapods
1:
985:– even-toed ungulates, clade
727:). This is characteristic of
448:Polydactyly in early tetrapod
492:
432:
385:
307:
266:
215:
167:
122:
92:
2133:Oto-palato-digital syndrome
2128:Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
1852:Congenital knee dislocation
1670:musculoskeletal abnormality
2371:
2164:Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
1044:Royal Society Open Science
765:
644:
635:Cornelia de Lange syndrome
614:
527:
487:
475:
427:
415:
380:
360:
302:
261:
235:. These all belong to the
210:
162:
117:
86:
29:
2138:Treacher Collins syndrome
1989:reduction deficits / limb
1361:The Biology of Chameleons
1264:10.1007/s00114-007-0239-x
160:Tetradactyly (from Greek
1963:Cenani–Lenz syndactylism
1716:Cleidocranial dysostosis
1137:10.1073/pnas.94.25.13695
895:, and by some analyses,
763:Zygodactyly (from Greek
300:Monodactyly (from Greek
30:Not to be confused with
2110:Craniofacial dysostosis
1522:10.1109/joe.2004.833213
659:Four types of bird feet
539:split-hand malformation
208:Tridactyly (from Greek
1666:musculoskeletal system
1311:10.1098/rspb.2014.0765
760:
662:
372:
349:As a congenital defect
259:Didactyly (from Greek
205:
53:is the arrangement of
42:
2218:Klippel–Feil syndrome
1460:10.1093/molbev/msw112
754:
661:(right foot diagrams)
658:
508:, the absence of the
370:
197:
69:, feet, or sometimes
40:
2228:Spina bifida occulta
1744:Madelung's deformity
1721:Sprengel's deformity
1175:FeatheredPhotography
994:– odd-toed ungulates
893:convergent evolution
456:Acanthostega gunnari
280:Choloepus didactylus
96:) meaning "finger."
2350:Comparative anatomy
2046:RAPADILINO syndrome
1618:Scientific American
1514:2004IJOE...29..605F
1256:2007NW.....94..657L
1244:Naturwissenschaften
1128:1997PNAS...9413695Z
1122:(25): 13695–13700.
1056:10.1098/rsos.171782
1012:Stephen Jay Gould.
112:Pentadactyly (from
103:As a normal feature
2345:Vertebrate anatomy
1908:Rocker bottom foot
1557:Journal of Anatomy
1305:(1788): 20140765.
897:parallel evolution
813:, the majority of
761:
757:green-winged macaw
743:, and relatives).
663:
651:Bird feet and legs
373:
206:
43:
2322:
2321:
2318:
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2243:Thoracic skeleton
2223:Spondylolisthesis
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2191:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
1921:
1920:
1767:
1766:
1390:Anatomical Record
875:Aquatic tetrapods
725:Megaceryle alcyon
721:belted kingfisher
504:or confused with
136:Stephen Jay Gould
16:(Redirected from
2362:
2290:Pectus carinatum
2285:Pectus excavatum
2248:
2206:Spinal curvature
2198:Vertebral column
2118:Crouzon syndrome
2082:Craniosynostosis
2078:
2069:
1934:fingers and toes
1930:
1842:Discoid meniscus
1799:Upington disease
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1453:(9): 2182–2192.
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1403:10.1002/ar.20532
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1016:. Archived from
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821:are zygodactyl.
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602:
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537:, also known as
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339:. The pterosaur
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2306:Poland syndrome
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2050:
2041:Larsen syndrome
2029:multiple joints
2024:
1984:
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1837:Genu recurvatum
1813:
1790:Hip dislocation
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987:Cetartiodactyla
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948:metriorhynchids
928:marine reptiles
877:
864:
858:(Coliiformes).
854:(Apodidae) and
848:
835:enantiornithean
827:
749:
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704:Accipitriformes
668:
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645:Main articles:
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631:Turner syndrome
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32:Dactyl (poetry)
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2100:Trigonocephaly
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2073:Skull and face
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2036:Arthrogryposis
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1606:External links
1604:
1601:
1600:
1563:(3): 151–163.
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1508:(3): 605–621.
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1396:(6): 654–672.
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1351:
1342:
1285:
1250:(8): 657–665.
1227:
1187:
1161:
1096:
1092:978-0691150611
1079:
1030:
1003:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
989:
978:
975:
963:
960:
912:marine mammals
876:
873:
863:
860:
847:
844:
826:
823:
807:Psittaciformes
748:
745:
715:
712:
676:perching birds
667:
664:
642:
639:
615:Main article:
612:
609:
608:
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604:
597:
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592:
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569:
567:
564:
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528:Main article:
525:
522:
476:Main article:
473:
470:
469:
468:
461:Upper Devonian
445:
416:Main article:
413:
410:
393:, such as the
361:Main article:
358:
355:
350:
347:
297:
294:
276:two-toed sloth
256:
253:
237:Perissodactyla
191:
188:
157:
154:
109:
106:
104:
101:
26:
24:
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13:
10:
9:
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2233:Sacralization
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2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:Plagiocephaly
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Hypertelorism
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Scaphocephaly
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:Brachydactyly
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:Either / both
1924:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1887:
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1868:
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1859:
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1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1794:Hip dysplasia
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1760:
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1724:
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1675:
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1667:
1663:
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1642:
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1636:
1633:
1619:
1615:
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1609:
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1554:
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1531:
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1334:
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1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1281:
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1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1228:
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1201:
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1192:
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1176:
1172:
1165:
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1157:
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1148:
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1121:
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1100:
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1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1066:
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1050:(1): 171782.
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1020:on 2011-08-05
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
998:
993:
992:Perissodactyl
990:
988:
984:
981:
980:
976:
974:
972:
968:
967:Schizodactyly
962:Schizodactyly
961:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
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900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
874:
872:
869:
861:
859:
857:
853:
846:Pamprodactyly
845:
843:
841:
840:
839:Dalingheornis
836:
833:, though the
832:
825:Heterodactyly
824:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
758:
753:
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:Coraciiformes
726:
722:
713:
711:
709:
705:
701:
700:Falconiformes
697:
696:Columbiformes
693:
692:Passeriformes
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
665:
657:
652:
648:
640:
638:
636:
632:
628:
627:Down syndrome
623:
618:
610:
601:
596:
589:
584:
580:
573:
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561:
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554:
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548:
544:
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531:
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519:
515:
511:
507:
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499:
494:
484:
479:
471:
466:
462:
458:
457:
453:, such as in
452:
449:
446:
443:
439:
438:
437:
434:
424:
419:
411:
409:
407:
403:
400:
399:diprotodontid
396:
392:
387:
377:
369:
364:
356:
354:
348:
346:
344:
343:
338:
337:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
295:
293:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
273:
268:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:
228:
227:
222:
217:
203:
202:
198:Tridactylous
196:
189:
187:
185:
182:
178:
174:
169:
155:
153:
151:
146:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
115:
107:
102:
100:
97:
94:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
2355:Bird anatomy
2154:Macrocephaly
2000:
1996:Acheiropodia
1968:Ectrodactyly
1933:
1888:
1869:
1754:Oligodactyly
1749:Clinodactyly
1678:Appendicular
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1360:
1354:
1345:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1247:
1243:
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1206:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:
1164:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1099:
1082:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1022:. Retrieved
1018:the original
1007:
966:
965:
936:ichthyosaurs
934:and extinct
901:
878:
866:The feet of
865:
849:
837:
828:
811:Cuculiformes
797:), and some
762:
724:
717:
669:
666:Anisodactyly
647:Bird anatomy
622:Clinodactyly
620:
617:Clinodactyly
611:Clinodactyly
577:Tridactyly (
565:Tetradactyly
538:
535:Ectrodactyly
533:
530:Ectrodactyly
524:Ectrodactyly
517:
513:
510:phalanx bone
505:
501:
485:(from Greek
483:Oligodactyly
481:
478:Oligodactyly
472:Oligodactyly
465:ichthyosaurs
454:
425:(from Greek
421:
378:(from Greek
374:
352:
340:
336:Vespersaurus
334:
299:
285:Artiodactyla
283:
279:
258:
230:
224:
207:
199:
159:
156:Tetradactyly
147:
144:
111:
108:Pentadactyly
98:
50:
44:
2184:Saddle nose
1951:Webbed toes
1942:Polydactyly
1827:Genu valgum
1759:Polydactyly
983:Artiodactyl
944:plesiosaurs
932:sea turtles
795:roadrunners
793:(including
785:(including
783:woodpeckers
747:Zygodactyly
733:kingfishers
708:Galliformes
605:Monodactyly
579:Mikhail Tal
543:Bree Walker
502:hypodactyly
442:polydactyly
423:Polydactyly
418:Polydactyly
412:Polydactyly
342:Nyctosaurus
296:Monodactyly
226:Protohippus
18:Zygodactyly
2329:Categories
2159:Platybasia
2095:Oxycephaly
2008:Phocomelia
2002:Ectromelia
1978:Stub thumb
1946:Syndactyly
1913:Hammer toe
1882:Pigeon toe
1832:Genu varum
1804:Coxa valga
1662:Congenital
1623:2009-07-05
1220:4 December
1180:4 December
1024:2015-10-02
999:References
868:chameleons
862:Chameleons
856:mousebirds
815:Piciformes
803:Cretaceous
737:bee-eaters
714:Syndactyly
674:and other
506:aphalangia
498:amputation
402:marsupials
376:Syndactyly
363:Syndactyly
357:Syndactyly
325:sthenurine
315:and other
221:rhinoceros
201:Allosaurus
190:Tridactyly
177:amphibians
2211:Scoliosis
2018:Hemimelia
1903:Pes cavus
1896:Flat feet
1877:Club foot
1809:Coxa vara
1577:0021-8782
1530:0364-9059
1469:0737-4038
1412:1932-8486
1319:0962-8452
1215:2305-042X
956:phalanges
940:mosasaurs
924:pinnipeds
920:sirenians
916:cetaceans
889:mysticeti
672:songbirds
593:Didactyly
406:kangaroos
397:and most
290:ostriches
255:Didactyly
232:Hipparion
184:dinosaurs
132:evolution
128:tetrapods
65:) on the
2261:Cervical
1708:shoulder
1704:clavicle
1686:dysmelia
1595:15032905
1538:28802495
1487:27329977
1428:14586607
1420:17516431
1337:24966313
1280:15821251
1272:17387416
1074:29410871
977:See also
952:penguins
930:(modern
879:In many
817:and the
787:flickers
771:arboreal
641:In birds
551:Zimbabwe
518:adactyly
404:such as
332:dinosaur
329:theropod
245:bustards
181:theropod
93:dáktylos
87:δακτυλος
75:tetrapod
2340:Zoology
2276:sternum
1586:1571266
1510:Bibcode
1478:5854031
1328:4083792
1252:Bibcode
1156:9391088
1124:Bibcode
1065:5792948
971:primate
906:and/or
885:flipper
831:trogons
791:cuckoos
779:parrots
741:rollers
688:falcons
395:siamang
391:mammals
317:equidae
150:dewclaw
59:fingers
51:dactyly
47:biology
2299:other:
2013:Amelia
1890:valgus
1593:
1583:
1575:
1536:
1528:
1485:
1475:
1467:
1426:
1418:
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1335:
1325:
1317:
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1144:
1090:
1072:
1062:
922:, and
852:swifts
819:osprey
686:, and
680:eagles
547:Vadoma
493:oligo-
488:ὀλιγο-
313:horses
308:monos-
247:, and
179:, and
78:animal
55:digits
2266:Bifid
2147:other
2064:Axial
1871:varus
1534:S2CID
1424:S2CID
1276:S2CID
1240:(PDF)
1203:(PDF)
1147:28368
969:is a
904:manus
766:ζυγος
684:hawks
433:poly-
428:πολυ-
303:μόνος
249:quail
173:birds
168:tetra
163:τετρα
123:pénte
118:πέντε
114:Greek
84:word
82:Greek
73:of a
71:wings
67:hands
2252:ribs
1819:knee
1695:Arms
1682:limb
1591:PMID
1573:ISSN
1526:ISSN
1483:PMID
1465:ISSN
1416:PMID
1408:ISSN
1365:ISBN
1333:PMID
1315:ISSN
1268:PMID
1222:2022
1211:ISSN
1182:2022
1152:PMID
1115:PNAS
1088:ISBN
1070:PMID
799:owls
775:tree
649:and
633:and
381:συν-
321:frog
274:and
241:emus
229:and
216:tría
211:τρία
63:toes
61:and
1782:hip
1773:Leg
1581:PMC
1565:doi
1561:204
1518:doi
1473:PMC
1455:doi
1398:doi
1394:290
1323:PMC
1307:doi
1303:281
1260:doi
1142:PMC
1132:doi
1108:Hox
1060:PMC
1052:doi
926:),
908:pes
789:),
549:in
514:all
386:syn
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262:δι-
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