220:
208:
938:
914:, and returns them to the patient's blood circulation. Hemolysis may occur if the centrifuge rotates too quickly (generally greater than 500 rpm)—essentially this is hemolysis occurring outside of the body. Increased hemolysis occurs with massive amounts of sudden blood loss, because the process of returning a patient's cells must be done at a correspondingly higher speed to prevent
39:
131:
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838:
161:
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hemolysis are related to specimen collection. Difficult collections, unsecure line connections, contamination, and incorrect needle size, as well as improper tube mixing and incorrectly filled tubes are all frequent causes of hemolysis. Excessive suction can cause the red blood cells to be smashed on
490:
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an autoimmune disease resulting from the mother's antibodies crossing the placenta to the fetus. This most often occurs when the mother has previously been exposed to blood antigens present on the fetus but foreign to her, through either a blood transfusion or a
2789:
The systemic removal of nitric oxide has been shown to contribute to clinical morbidities, including severe esophageal spasm and dysphagia, abdominal pain, erectile dysfunction, and thrombosis.16,17,23-26 In addition, systemic release of hemoglobin is associated with pulmonary and systemic
875:
owing to turbulence and physical forces. Such hemolysis is more likely to occur when a patient's veins are difficult to find or when they collapse when blood is removed by a syringe or a modern vacuum tube. Experience and proper technique are key for any
2382:
McCaughey, Euan James; Vecellio, Elia; Lake, Rebecca; Li, Ling; Burnett, Leslie; Chesher, Douglas; Braye, Stephen; Mackay, Mark; Gay, Stephanie (2017-01-02). "Key factors influencing the incidence of hemolysis: A critical appraisal of current evidence".
809:
structurally-defective red blood cells, or those with antibodies attached, and release unconjugated bilirubin into the blood plasma circulation. Typically, the spleen destroys mildly abnormal red blood cells or those coated with
2790:
hypertension,17,20,53-55 decreased organ perfusion, and increased mortality.53-58 Plasma hemoglobin and its breakdown product heme can also directly activate endothelial cells and further promote inflammation and coagulation.27
2697:
Reiter, Christopher D.; Wang, Xunde; Tanus-Santos, Jose E.; Hogg, Neil; Cannon, Richard O.; Schechter, Alan N.; Gladwin, Mark T. (2002-11-11). "Cell-free hemoglobin limits nitric oxide bioavailability in sickle-cell disease".
1258:. This breakdown/replacement process is called erythrocyte turnover. In this sense, erythrolysis or hemolysis is a normal process that happens continually. However, these terms are usually used to indicate that the lysis is
886:
hemolysis during specimen collection can cause inaccurate laboratory test results by contaminating the surrounding plasma with the contents of hemolyzed red blood cells. For example, the concentration of
922:
imbalance, and a number of other hemodynamic and blood level factors. Modeling of fluid flows to predict the likelihood of red cell membrane rupture in response to stress is an active area of research.
614:(PNH), sometimes referred to as Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome, is a rare, acquired, potentially life-threatening disease of the blood characterized by complement-induced intravascular hemolytic anemia.
841:
Hemolysis of blood samples. Red blood cells without (left and middle) and with (right) hemolysis. If as little as 0.5% of the red blood cells are hemolyzed, the released hemoglobin will cause the
2318:
898:
hemolysis can still occur in a sample due to external factors, such as prolonged storage, incorrect storage conditions and excessive physical forces by dropping or vigorously mixing the tube.
858:
hemolysis can be caused by improper technique during collection of blood specimens, by the effects of mechanical processing of blood, or by bacterial action in cultured blood specimens.
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2083:
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Pulmonary hypertension has been gaining recognition as a complication of chronic hereditary and acquired hemolysis. Free hemoglobin released during hemolysis inactivates the
49:
1994:
2082:
Muller, Andre; Jacobsen, Helene; Healy, Edel; McMickan, Sinead; Istace, Fréderique; Blaude, Marie-Noëlle; Howden, Peter; Fleig, Helmut; Schulte, Agnes (2006).
1426:
601:
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patients where clots form in the small vessels of the kidney resulting in damaged red blood cells as they attempt to pass through the restricted vessels.
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to appear pale red or cherry red in color. Note that the hemolyzed sample appears clearer, because there are significantly fewer cells to scatter light.
891:
inside red blood cells is much higher than in the plasma and so an elevated potassium level is usually found in biochemistry tests of hemolyzed blood.
2368:
2004:
1540:
1458:
1901:
Telford RD, Sly GJ, Hahn AG, Cunningham RB, Bryant C, Smith JA (January 2003). "Footstrike is the major cause of hemolysis during running".
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658:
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Visualizing the physical appearance of hemolysis in cultured blood samples may be used as a tool to determine the species of various
2132:
1791:
485:
2551:
906:
In some surgical procedures (especially some heart operations) where substantial blood loss is expected, machinery is used for
521:
A hemolytic crisis, or hyperhemolytic crisis, is characterized by an accelerated rate of red blood cell destruction leading to
2804:"Hemolysis and free hemoglobin revisited: exploring hemoglobin and hemin scavengers as a novel class of therapeutic proteins"
2521:
2053:
762:. Additionally, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) can result in hemolysis of red blood cells. TMA is frequently observed in
907:
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Low-grade hemolytic anemia occurs in 70% of prosthetic heart valve recipients, and severe hemolytic anemia occurs in 3%.
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642:
82:
802:
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Faghih, Mohammad M.; Sharp, M. Keith (2019-03-07). "Modeling and prediction of flow-induced hemolysis: a review".
2920:"Haptoglobin, hemopexin, and related defense pathways—basic science, clinical perspectives, and drug development"
579:
89:
57:
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2032:
945:. Examples of the blood culture patterns created by (from left) alpha-, beta- and gamma-hemolytic streptococci.
932:
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20:
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53:
27:
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Schaer, Dominik J.; Vinchi, Francesca; Ingoglia, Giada; Tolosano, Emanuela; Buehler, Paul W. (2014-10-28).
372:
Hemolysis inside the body can be caused by a large number of medical conditions, including some parasites (
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737:. As a result, the contents of the red blood cell are released into the general circulation, leading to
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219:
19:
This article is about medical aspects of hemolysis. For hemolysis in the culture of microorganisms, see
1556:
654:
207:
1679:
Effenberger-Neidnicht, Katharina; Hartmann, Matthias (2018). "Mechanisms of
Hemolysis During Sepsis".
78:
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Witek, K; Ścisłowska, J; Turowski, D; Lerczak, K; Lewandowska-Pachecka, S; Pokrywka, A (March 2017).
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Schaer, D. J.; Buehler, P. W.; Alayash, A. I.; Belcher, J. D.; Vercellotti, G. M. (2012-12-20).
2263:"Autoimmune haemolysis: an 18-year study of 865 cases referred to a regional transfusion centre"
1858:
Bossi, D; Russo, M (1996). "Hemolytic anemias due to disorders of red cell membrane skeleton".
1815:
Jacobasch, G; Rapoport, SM (1996). "Hemolytic anemias due to erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies".
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2084:"Hazard classification of chemicals inducing haemolytic anaemia: An EU regulatory perspective"
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Beris, Photis; Picard, Véronique (2015). "Non-immune
Hemolysis: Diagnostic Considerations".
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1412:(red blood cell precursors) to compensate for the loss of red blood cells due to hemolysis.
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1288:, the substrate needed for NO synthesis. This reduces NO-dependent vasodilation and induces
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hemolysis destroys red blood cells, in uncontrolled, chronic or severe cases it can lead to
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can be deposited in the spleen, bone marrow, kidney, liver, and other organs, resulting in
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Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
Creative Commons License.
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1751:
538:
530:
403:
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2861:"Hemopexin and haptoglobin: allies against heme toxicity from hemoglobin not contenders"
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Red blood cells (erythrocytes) have a short lifespan (approximately 120 days), and old (
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Barcellini, Wilma (2015). "Immune
Hemolysis: Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations".
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Complications may also arise from the increased workload for the kidney as it secretes
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2751:"The Clinical Sequelae of Intravascular Hemolysis and Extracellular Plasma Hemoglobin"
2647:"The Clinical Sequelae of Intravascular Hemolysis and Extracellular Plasma Hemoglobin"
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1996:
Biomaterials
Engineering and Devices: Orthopedic, dental, and bone graft applications
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911:
910:. A centrifuge process takes blood from the patient, washes the red blood cells with
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1731:"Erythrocyte Alloimmunization and Pregnancy: Overview, Background, Pathophysiology"
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Rother, Russell P.; Bell, Leonard; Hillmen, Peter; Gladwin, Mark T. (2005-04-06).
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Rother, Russell P.; Bell, Leonard; Hillmen, Peter; Gladwin, Mark T. (2005-04-06).
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and can lead to increased risk of infection due to its inhibitory effects on the
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Haemolysis (alternative spelling), hematolysis, erythrolysis, or erythrocytolysis
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Hemolysis may result from intrinsic defects in the red blood cell itself:
1961:
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of those with hemolytic disorders appears to increase risk of developing
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1281:
854:
526:
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1944:
Lippi G, Schena F, Salvagno GL, Aloe R, Banfi G, Guidi GC (July 2012).
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748:
Intravascular hemolysis may occur when red blood cells are targeted by
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67:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
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1383:. It may also lead to increased levels of the heme breakdown product
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522:
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Extrinsic hemolysis is caused by the red blood cell's environment:
2023:
Stanley L Schrier. William C Mentzer; Jennifer S Tirnauer (eds.).
1226:
1087:
936:
836:
778:
284:
455:
is sometimes called "parasitic hemolysis" in medical literature.
1360:
681:
1792:"Scientists Find Increased Red Blood Cell Destruction in Space"
1476:"Total bilirubin in athletes, determination of reference range"
814:, while severely abnormal red blood cells or those coated with
227:
in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell
1254:) cells are constantly removed and replaced with new ones via
1121:
1044:
996:
247:
32:
712:", the destruction of red blood cells in feet at foot impact.
627:
Immune-mediated causes could include transient factors as in
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in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell
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Rupturing of red blood cells and release of their contents
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2319:"Overview of Hemolytic Anemia – Hematology and Oncology"
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Defects of red blood cell membrane production (as in
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1946:"Foot-strike haemolysis after a 60-km ultramarathon"
1205:
1199:
1184:
1175:
1139:
1133:
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2657:(13). American Medical Association (AMA): 1653–62.
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1053:
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1041:
1002:
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993:
733:describes hemolysis that happens mainly inside the
253:
250:
244:
195:
179:
167:
150:
145:
2228:Rhodes, Carl E.; Varacallo, Matthew (2019-03-04).
1225:) both use combining forms conveying the idea of "
818:are destroyed in the circulation or in the liver.
291:(erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (
2344:"Hypersplenism: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
680:Acquired hemolytic anemia is also encountered in
406:), or blood with too low a solute concentration (
2814:(8). American Society of Hematology: 1276–1284.
2385:Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
2859:Smith, Ann; McCulloh, Russell J. (2015-06-30).
2590:"Pulmonary Hypertension in Hemolytic Disorders"
2209:NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)
2018:
2016:
902:From mechanical blood processing during surgery
2588:Machado, Roberto F.; Gladwin, Mark T. (2010).
2548:American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary
2518:American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary
793:. In this case little hemoglobin escapes into
386:, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, drug-induced
322:. Another cause is intense physical exercise.
63:Please review the contents of the article and
1304:activation, contributing to the formation of
26:"Laking" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
2025:"Diagnosis of hemolytic anemia in the adult"
1533:Brock Biology of Microorganisms 13th Edition
1427:Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
756:fixation, or by damage by parasites such as
684:and as a result of certain infections (e.g.
673:(increased activity of the spleen), such as
602:glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
533:. Hemolytic crises are a major concern with
2436:Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
2261:Sokol RJ, Hewitt S, Stamps BK (June 1981).
1280:nitric oxide (NO). Hemolysis also releases
330:, causing lysis and eventually cell death.
2992:
2987:Effects of Hemolysis on Clinical Specimens
1367:and depletion of plasma proteins, such as
1272:Hemolytic anemia § Signs and symptoms
142:
2953:
2935:
2894:
2876:
2835:
2766:
2662:
2621:
2286:
2110:
1969:
1507:
821:If extravascular hemolysis is extensive,
880:, nurse or doctor to prevent hemolysis.
777:refers to hemolysis taking place in the
645:(itself more common in diseases such as
585:Defects in hemoglobin production (as in
425:, which plays a significant role in the
310:One cause of hemolysis is the action of
218:
206:
1438:
2091:Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
1747:
1736:
314:, toxins that are produced by certain
1444:
1442:
708:can develop hemolytic anemia due to "
600:Defective red cell metabolism (as in
7:
2205:"Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome"
1628:
1626:
1624:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1557:"Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome"
894:After the blood collection process,
1347:Chronic hemolysis may also lead to
741:and increasing the risk of ensuing
702:causes non-immune hemolytic anemia.
612:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
595:congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
451:parasites damages red blood cells,
445:Because the feeding process of the
2706:(12). Springer Nature: 1383–1389.
2323:Merck Manuals Professional Edition
2181:"Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA)"
1647:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2015.07.005
1599:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2015.05.001
1535:. Benjamin Cummings. p. 804.
545:Toxic agent ingestion or poisoning
459:HELLP, pre-eclampsia, or eclampsia
392:atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
14:
562:Spaceflight can cause hemolysis.
394:(aHUS)), some genetic disorders (
280:
2968:
2554:from the original on 8 July 2018
2524:from the original on 8 July 2018
2157:"Bilirubin and hemolytic anemia"
1451:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
1165:
1114:
1034:
989:
486:Hemolytic disease of the newborn
480:Hemolytic disease of the newborn
240:
159:
129:
37:
2317:Braunstein, Evan (2019-05-03).
1915:10.1152/japplphysiol.00631.2001
554:ingestion can cause hemolysis.
295:) into surrounding fluid (e.g.
2491:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2230:"Physiology, Oxygen Transport"
971:Hemolysis is sometimes called
382:), some autoimmune disorders (
65:add the appropriate references
1:
2397:10.1080/10408363.2016.1250247
1860:Molecular Aspects of Medicine
1817:Molecular Aspects of Medicine
637:) or permanent factors as in
2820:10.1182/blood-2012-11-451229
1872:10.1016/0098-2997(96)88346-4
1829:10.1016/0098-2997(96)88345-2
1531:Madigan, Michael T. (2010).
1492:10.5114/biolsport.2017.63732
908:intraoperative blood salvage
659:chronic lymphocytic leukemia
647:systemic lupus erythematosus
360:
349:
326:damage the red blood cell's
2930:. Frontiers Media SA: 415.
2871:. Frontiers Media SA: 187.
2600:(6). Elsevier BV: 30S–38S.
2103:10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.04.004
2097:(3). Elsevier BV: 229–241.
1363:leads to the production of
643:autoimmune hemolytic anemia
50:reliable medical references
3053:
2448:10.1007/s10237-019-01137-1
1790:Guzman, Ana (2022-02-24).
1355:-1-mediated responses and
1269:
930:
803:reticuloendothelial system
723:
665:Spur cell hemolytic anemia
606:pyruvate kinase deficiency
498:
483:
355:
343:
338:From hemo- + -lysis, from
25:
18:
2279:10.1136/bmj.282.6281.2023
2054:"Intravascular hemolysis"
1993:Wise, Donald Lee (2000).
1693:10.1007/s10753-018-0810-y
1453:(3rd ed.). Longman.
1330:decreased organ perfusion
580:hereditary elliptocytosis
158:
56:or relies too heavily on
2937:10.3389/fphys.2014.00415
2878:10.3389/fphys.2015.00187
2768:10.1001/jama.293.13.1653
2664:10.1001/jama.293.13.1653
933:Hemolysis (microbiology)
862:From specimen collection
576:hereditary spherocytosis
21:Hemolysis (microbiology)
2924:Frontiers in Physiology
2865:Frontiers in Physiology
1561:Genetics Home Reference
1449:Wells, John C. (2008).
1349:endothelial dysfunction
1086:conveying the idea of "
775:Extravascular hemolysis
770:Extravascular hemolysis
731:Intravascular hemolysis
726:Intravascular hemolysis
720:Intravascular hemolysis
635:cold agglutinin disease
299:). Hemolysis may occur
28:Laking (disambiguation)
2267:Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)
1746:Cite journal requires
1635:Seminars in Hematology
1587:Seminars in Hematology
951:Gram-positive bacteria
946:
871:their way through the
850:
413:Hemolysis can lead to
228:
216:
2606:10.1378/chest.09-3057
1326:systemic hypertension
940:
927:From bacteria culture
840:
669:Any of the causes of
630:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
222:
210:
2550:. Houghton Mifflin.
2520:. Houghton Mifflin.
1962:10.2450/2012.0167-11
1395:pulmonary thrombosis
1379:, which may lead to
1322:erectile dysfunction
710:footstrike hemolysis
651:rheumatoid arthritis
491:previous pregnancy.
435:innate immune system
328:cytoplasmic membrane
283:, is the rupturing (
1308:. This can lead to
816:IgM-type antibodies
812:IgG-type antibodies
675:portal hypertension
639:autoimmune diseases
591:sickle-cell disease
535:sickle-cell disease
441:Parasitic hemolysis
400:Sickle-cell disease
316:pathogenic bacteria
281:several other names
2712:10.1038/nm1202-799
2544:"erythrocytolysis"
1359:. The release of
1229:of erythrocytes" (
947:
851:
807:engulf and destroy
743:hyperbilirubinemia
655:Hodgkin's lymphoma
551:Paxillus involutus
421:released into the
229:
217:
3024:
3023:
2761:(13): 1653–1662.
2494:. Merriam-Webster
2185:UNC Kidney Center
2006:978-0-89603-859-2
1542:978-0-321-64963-8
1460:978-1-4058-8118-0
1404:to stimulate the
873:hypodermic needle
279:), also known by
205:
204:
140:Medical condition
138:
137:
114:
3044:
2993:
2974:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2939:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2898:
2880:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2770:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2666:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2585:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2369:"Capital Health"
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2290:
2273:(6281): 2023–7.
2258:
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2249:
2248:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2201:
2195:
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2177:
2171:
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2168:
2167:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2131:. Archived from
2114:
2088:
2079:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2031:. Archived from
2020:
2011:
2010:
1999:. Humana Press.
1990:
1984:
1983:
1973:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1903:J. Appl. Physiol
1898:
1892:
1891:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1768:. Archived from
1762:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1687:(5): 1569–1581.
1676:
1667:
1666:
1630:
1619:
1618:
1582:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1480:Biology of Sport
1471:
1465:
1464:
1446:
1408:to produce more
1310:esophageal spasm
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1161:erythrocytolysis
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1081:
1080:
1077:
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1064:
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1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
981:erythrocytolysis
833:Outside the body
805:in these organs
694:or poisoning by
619:Extrinsic causes
566:Intrinsic causes
517:Hemolytic crisis
511:hemolytic anemia
501:Hemolytic anemia
495:Hemolytic anemia
388:hemolytic anemia
364:, 'loosening').
363:
358:
357:
352:
346:
345:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
163:
143:
133:
132:
124:
121:
115:
113:
72:
41:
40:
33:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3004:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2700:Nature Medicine
2696:
2695:
2688:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2587:
2586:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2316:
2315:
2304:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2187:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2038:
2036:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1798:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1775:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1745:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1632:
1631:
1622:
1584:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1418:
1332:, promotion of
1274:
1268:
1168:
1164:
1117:
1113:
1084:combining forms
1037:
1033:
992:
988:
969:
941:Hemolysis from
935:
929:
904:
866:Most causes of
864:
835:
772:
728:
722:
621:
568:
560:
558:Space hemolysis
547:
539:G6PD deficiency
531:reticulocytosis
519:
503:
497:
488:
482:
461:
443:
404:G6PD deficiency
370:
368:Inside the body
336:
289:red blood cells
243:
239:
141:
134:
130:
125:
119:
116:
73:
62:
58:primary sources
42:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3050:
3048:
3040:
3039:
3029:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:Classification
2990:
2989:
2982:
2981:External links
2979:
2976:
2975:
2910:
2851:
2794:
2741:
2686:
2637:
2565:
2535:
2514:"erythrolysis"
2505:
2477:
2442:(4): 845–881.
2426:
2374:
2360:
2335:
2302:
2253:
2234:NCBI Bookshelf
2220:
2196:
2172:
2148:
2069:
2045:
2012:
2005:
1985:
1956:(3): 377–383.
1950:Blood Transfus
1936:
1893:
1850:
1807:
1782:
1757:
1748:|journal=
1722:
1668:
1641:(4): 287–303.
1620:
1593:(4): 304–312.
1572:
1548:
1541:
1523:
1466:
1459:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1402:erythropoietin
1387:in the stool.
1318:abdominal pain
1284:that depletes
1267:
1264:
1256:erythropoiesis
968:
965:
931:Main article:
928:
925:
903:
900:
863:
860:
834:
831:
771:
768:
750:autoantibodies
739:hemoglobinemia
724:Main article:
721:
718:
717:
716:
713:
703:
692:Lead poisoning
689:
678:
667:
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620:
617:
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583:
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499:Main article:
496:
493:
484:Main article:
481:
478:
477:
476:
466:HELLP syndrome
460:
457:
442:
439:
415:hemoglobinemia
369:
366:
335:
332:
225:red blood cell
213:red blood cell
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
190:kidney disease
186:Kidney failure
183:
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
156:
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2545:
2539:
2536:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2486:"hematolysis"
2481:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
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2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2138:on 2019-05-03
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2035:on 2017-12-26
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1866:(2): 171–88.
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1823:(2): 143–70.
1822:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1783:
1772:on 2010-06-24
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1740:
1733:. 2019-02-02.
1732:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
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1439:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1410:reticulocytes
1407:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
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1354:
1351:, heightened
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:tissue factor
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1266:Complications
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1162:
1156:
1111:
1108:). The words
1107:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1031:
1025:
986:
982:
978:
974:
966:
964:
962:
961:
960:Streptococcus
956:
952:
944:
943:Streptococcus
939:
934:
926:
924:
921:
917:
913:
912:normal saline
909:
901:
899:
897:
892:
890:
885:
881:
879:
874:
869:
861:
859:
857:
856:
848:
844:
839:
832:
830:
828:
827:hemosiderosis
824:
819:
817:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
769:
767:
765:
761:
760:
755:
752:, leading to
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
719:
714:
711:
707:
704:
701:
697:
693:
690:
687:
683:
679:
676:
672:
671:hypersplenism
668:
666:
663:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:
626:
625:
624:
618:
613:
610:
607:
603:
599:
596:
592:
588:
584:
581:
577:
573:
572:
571:
565:
563:
557:
555:
553:
552:
544:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
516:
514:
512:
508:
502:
494:
492:
487:
479:
475:
471:
470:Pre-eclampsia
467:
463:
462:
458:
456:
454:
450:
449:
440:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:
375:
367:
365:
362:
353:, 'blood') +
351:
341:
340:Ancient Greek
333:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
276:
237:
233:
226:
221:
214:
209:
201:
198:
194:
191:
187:
184:
182:
181:Complications
178:
175:
172:
170:
166:
162:
157:
153:
149:
144:
127:
123:
120:November 2021
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81: –
80:
76:
75:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
55:
51:
46:This article
44:
35:
34:
29:
22:
3008:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2788:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2703:
2699:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2597:
2593:
2556:. Retrieved
2547:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2517:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2489:
2480:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2391:(1): 59–72.
2388:
2384:
2377:
2363:
2352:. Retrieved
2350:. 2019-04-30
2347:
2338:
2327:. Retrieved
2322:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2245:. Retrieved
2233:
2223:
2212:. Retrieved
2208:
2199:
2188:. Retrieved
2184:
2175:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:
2151:
2140:. Retrieved
2133:the original
2094:
2090:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:
2048:
2037:. Retrieved
2033:the original
2028:
1995:
1988:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1909:(1): 38–42.
1906:
1902:
1896:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1799:. Retrieved
1795:
1785:
1774:. Retrieved
1770:the original
1760:
1739:cite journal
1725:
1684:
1681:Inflammation
1680:
1638:
1634:
1590:
1586:
1564:. Retrieved
1560:
1551:
1532:
1526:
1486:(1): 45–48.
1483:
1479:
1469:
1450:
1399:
1389:
1357:vasculopathy
1346:
1334:inflammation
1300:factors and
1298:procoagulant
1296:generation,
1292:activation,
1275:
1260:pathological
1249:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1160:
1110:erythrolysis
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1029:
984:
983:. The words
980:
977:erythrolysis
976:
972:
970:
967:Nomenclature
958:
954:
953:infections (
948:
942:
905:
895:
893:
883:
882:
878:phlebotomist
867:
865:
853:
852:
820:
795:blood plasma
774:
773:
757:
747:
730:
729:
628:
622:
569:
561:
549:
548:
520:
506:
504:
489:
446:
444:
427:pathogenesis
423:blood plasma
412:
395:
383:
377:
373:
371:
337:
309:
297:blood plasma
235:
231:
230:
117:
107:
100:
93:
86:
74:
54:verification
47:
2348:MedlinePlus
1406:bone marrow
1391:Splenectomy
1385:stercobilin
1373:haptoglobin
1338:coagulation
1278:vasodilator
1090:of blood" (
1082:) both use
1030:hematolysis
973:hematolysis
916:hypotension
823:hemosiderin
799:macrophages
791:lymph nodes
787:bone marrow
735:vasculature
633:infection (
587:thalassemia
410:to cells).
151:Other names
79:"Hemolysis"
48:needs more
3037:Hematology
2354:2019-05-08
2329:2019-05-05
2325:(in Latin)
2247:2019-05-04
2214:2020-08-19
2190:2020-08-19
2166:2019-05-08
2142:2019-05-04
2112:10029/5596
2063:2019-05-08
2039:2019-05-04
1801:2022-06-09
1776:2010-07-04
1766:"Innvista"
1566:2020-08-18
1433:References
1353:endothelin
1342:thrombosis
1306:thrombosis
1286:L-arginine
1270:See also:
754:complement
448:Plasmodium
419:hemoglobin
379:Plasmodium
324:Hemolysins
312:hemolysins
236:haemolysis
90:newspapers
2946:1664-042X
2887:1664-042X
2828:0006-4971
2777:0098-7484
2720:1078-8956
2673:0098-7484
2614:0012-3692
2456:1617-7940
2405:1040-8363
2161:eClinpath
2121:0273-2300
2058:eClinpath
1880:0098-2997
1837:0098-2997
1701:1573-2576
1655:1532-8686
1607:1532-8686
1500:0860-021X
1422:Hemolysin
1377:hemopexin
1365:bilirubin
1314:dysphagia
1252:senescent
985:hemolysis
889:potassium
474:Eclampsia
408:hypotonic
334:Etymology
293:cytoplasm
232:Hemolysis
174:Pathology
169:Specialty
146:Hemolysis
3031:Category
2964:25389409
2905:26175690
2846:23264591
2785:15811985
2736:19878520
2728:12426562
2681:15811985
2632:20522578
2552:Archived
2522:Archived
2472:73496695
2464:30847662
2413:28013559
2242:30855920
2129:16793184
2029:UpToDate
1980:22682343
1923:12391035
1717:49526899
1709:29956069
1663:26404441
1615:26404442
1518:28416897
1416:See also
1381:jaundice
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