468:
560:
484:
544:
524:
496:
39:
572:
512:
27:
379: 7.9 and rupture length to be 285–325 km (177–202 mi). The 1839 earthquake ruptured two segments; the Meiktila segment in the south and Sagaing segment in the north. They estimated 5.5 m (18 ft) of displacement on the Sagaing segment while slip on the Meiktila segment was around 3.8 m (12 ft). The felt area based on the Modified Mercalli intensity was larger than the
360:
believed to have ruptured during the earthquake. This segment runs from Nay Pyi Taw to
Mandalay, a length of about 260 km (160 mi). Remote sensing and field observation revealed a maximum displacement of 5–7 m (16–23 ft) along the trace of the 1839 rupture just outside Mandalay. This would place the magnitude at 7.4–8.0+ and generate a ~300 km (190 mi)
46:
439:
recorded catastrophic damage and liquefaction in
Mandalay and the surrounding area. Many pagodas collapsed during the event. Chasms and fissures more than 10 ft (3.0 m) wide were seen in Amarapura and nearly every brick building was reduced to rubble. Some villages were swallowed up as a
359:
segment of the fault ruptured during this earthquake for a length of 400 km (250 mi), corresponding to a magnitude 8.1–8.3 earthquake, although little research has been conducted to provide further constrains. On the basis for its overall lack of seismic activity, the
Meiktila segment is
322:
as they slide past each other at a rate of 18 to 49 mm/yr. The fault runs the entire length of the country for over 1,200 km and continues its trace into the
Andaman Sea. The Sagaing Fault is Burma's largest and most active source of seismic threat, running through or close to major cities like
339:, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck close to the city of Mandalay, re-rupturing the 1839 rupture zone for about 60 km (37 mi). Meanwhile, the 260 km (160 mi) long Meiktila segment has not experienced any major earthquake since 1839 and is considered a
523:
467:
495:
284:. This large fault marks the boundary between the Indian and Burma plates. The megathrust emerges from the seafloor in Bangladesh, where it runs parallel and east of the
483:
1046:
648:
National
Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
1006:
981:
617:
543:
1180:
832:
559:
335:
the 180 km (110 mi) long
Sagaing segment produced two major earthquakes but there are no records of its impact. Ten years later, in
1039:
1149:
109:
679:
511:
1154:
1144:
444:, where the currents became violent and overflowed its banks. It was felt for thousands of miles away from the epicenter, as far as
233:
169:
1342:
1124:
897:
1337:
1332:
1307:
1185:
1032:
440:
result of liquefaction. By a contemporary
British estimate, about 300–400 people died. The shock also reversed the flow of the
1322:
1317:
1055:
593:
588:
571:
550:
1312:
1175:
220:, was a disastrous seismic event that struck present-day central Myanmar on March 23. This earthquake with an estimated
932:
Re-estimating the magnitude of 1839 Ava earthquake through geomorphic mapping and macroseismic records, central
Myanmar
420:
1159:
368:
61:
1327:
1114:
38:
1139:
1119:
953:
643:
332:
92:
1129:
336:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1099:
1073:
388:
380:
225:
860:"Morphotectonics of the Central Sagaing fault West of Mandalay: Trace of the 1839 Ava Earthquake Rupture"
858:
Wang, Y.; Tapponnier, P.; Aung, T.; Tun, S. T.; Khaing, S. N.; Aung, L. T.; Sieh, K. (16 December 2014).
836:
1261:
1210:
1134:
1083:
436:
1215:
1104:
871:
763:
934:] (Masters thesis). Department of Geosciences, College of Sciences, National Taiwan University.
702:
1266:
1241:
1109:
311:
277:
1246:
1059:
722:
474:
428:
361:
307:
802:
1024:
859:
331:. Several large and damaging earthquakes have occurred on this fault in historical times. In
1256:
935:
781:
771:
714:
683:
651:
530:
281:
221:
154:
1236:
441:
300:
269:
26:
875:
767:
1286:
257:
1301:
1231:
901:
751:
726:
296:
144:
1281:
253:
1276:
1271:
1251:
618:"A Catalogue of Indian Earthquakes from the earliest time to the end of AD 1869"
502:
340:
324:
319:
315:
304:
265:
261:
534:
505:
resting on the ground after losing its supports to the quake, pictured in 1873
285:
273:
925:
Yóu dìbiǎo pòliè yǔ zhèndù jìlù chóngjiàn 1839 miǎndiàn ā wǎ dìzhèn zhī guīmó
124:
111:
424:
412:
408:
375:
and macroseismic data from historic accounts to estimate its magnitude at ~M
289:
272:. Along the west coast of the Coco Islands, off the Rahkine coast, and into
673:
939:
776:
352:
328:
288:. This boundary continues to north of Burma where it ends at the eastern
898:"Myanmar setting up global positioning system for earthquake monitoring"
786:
453:
449:
395: 7.9). The maximum assigned Modified Mercalli intensity was XI (
356:
687:
415:
in 1838, which also damaged the capital. Great damage was reported in
655:
489:
Nan Myint Tower slightly tilted due to ground effects from the tremor
237:
718:
445:
432:
372:
244:. Damage was enormous in Ava, resulting in the death of hundreds.
241:
954:"Significant Earthquake Information MYANMAR (BURMA): AVA (INNWA)"
752:"Active Tectonics and Earthquake Potential of the Myanmar region"
416:
1028:
900:. People's Daily Online. People's Daily Online. Archived from
224:
as high as 8.3, was one of the largest in the country, since
982:"Some Documents of Tharrawaddy's Reign: 1837–1846, Part I"
803:"The Catastrophe in Haiti: A Repeat Lesson for Us all"
701:
Soe Thura Tun; Ian M. Watkinson (15 November 2017).
252:
Myanmar is wedged between four tectonic plates; the
1224:
1168:
1092:
1066:
198:
190:
182:
161:
150:
140:
103:
87:
79:
71:
60:
801:Tapponnier, Paul; Kerry, Kerry (21 January 2010).
435:sustained serious damage as a result of shaking.
314:in the north. It accommodates motion between the
835:. Myanmar Times. Myanmar Times. Archived from
1040:
8:
756:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
667:
665:
19:
533:in 2014. Extensive restoration was done by
517:A plaque that stands beside the Mingun Bell
45:
1047:
1033:
1025:
25:
18:
785:
775:
642:National Geophysical Data Center (1972).
622:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India
303:that runs through Burma and connects the
93:
637:
635:
611:
609:
565:Preserved ruins from the ancient capital
387: 7.7) and similar in area to the
605:
463:
833:"Govt unveils quake preparedness plan"
1001:
999:
976:
974:
7:
745:
743:
644:"Significant Earthquake Information"
53:1839 Ava earthquake (Southeast Asia)
707:Geological Society, London, Memoirs
228:. It was assigned a maximum of XI (
812:. Nanyang Technological University
680:California Institute of Technology
14:
234:Modified Mercalli intensity scale
570:
558:
542:
522:
510:
494:
482:
466:
44:
37:
1225:Fault zones and tectonic plates
986:SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research
473:Large cracks in the incomplete
162:
594:List of historical earthquakes
589:List of earthquakes in Myanmar
268:, that interact due to active
1:
831:Thant, Htoo (7 August 2019).
675:Earthquake Geology of Myanmar
551:Maha Aungmye Bonzan Monastery
537:in 1874 after the earthquake.
703:"The Sagaing Fault, Myanmar"
437:British officials in Myanmar
896:Xinhua (25 November 2009).
16:Earthquake in British India
1359:
1060:plate tectonics in Myanmar
864:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts
577:Overgrown ruins of a stupa
369:National Taiwan University
928:由地表破裂與震度紀錄重建1839緬甸阿瓦地震之規模
33:
24:
927:
477:caused by the earthquake
411:was preceded by a large
299:is a mostly continental
1343:Strike-slip earthquakes
1338:1839 disasters in Asia
1333:1839 natural disasters
1308:Earthquakes in Myanmar
923:Wu, Sheng-Han (2022).
389:2002 Denali earthquake
381:1912 Maymyo earthquake
276:, is a highly oblique
1323:British rule in Burma
1318:19th century in Burma
1262:Main Himalayan Thrust
419:, so severe that the
157:(present–day Myanmar)
940:10.6342/ntu202203906
777:10.1002/2013JB010762
423:was moved to nearby
270:geological processes
214:Amarapura earthquake
212:, also known as the
1313:Earthquakes in Asia
1267:Main Frontal Thrust
1242:Three Pagodas Fault
1150:1988 Lancang–Gengma
1011:The Asiatic Journal
876:2014AGUFM.T24B..04W
768:2014JGRB..119.3767W
278:convergent boundary
210:1839 Ava earthquake
121: /
21:
20:1839 Ava earthquake
1247:West Andaman Fault
1145:1988 Myanmar–India
553:after repair works
475:Mingun Pahtodawgyi
403:Damage and effects
236:, and was felt in
1295:
1294:
1186:2009 Coco Islands
1181:2004 Indian Ocean
1176:2003 Taungdwingyi
810:RSIS Commentaries
750:Yu, Wang (2014).
688:10.7907/XWW2-9P26
672:Wang, Yu (2013).
206:
205:
1350:
1328:1839 earthquakes
1257:Sunda megathrust
1201:2012 Thabeikkyin
1125:1950 Assam–Tibet
1067:Pre-20th century
1049:
1042:
1035:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1003:
994:
993:
978:
969:
968:
966:
964:
950:
944:
943:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
904:on 22 March 2016
893:
887:
886:
884:
882:
855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
828:
822:
821:
819:
817:
807:
798:
792:
791:
789:
779:
747:
738:
737:
735:
733:
698:
692:
691:
669:
660:
659:
656:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
639:
630:
629:
616:Oldham, Thomas.
613:
574:
562:
546:
531:Hsinbyume Pagoda
526:
514:
498:
486:
470:
308:spreading center
282:Sunda megathrust
248:Tectonic setting
222:moment magnitude
178:
176:
164:
155:Konbaung dynasty
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
126:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
98:
67:1839-03-23 24:30
48:
47:
41:
29:
22:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1237:Kyaukkyan Fault
1220:
1164:
1160:1997 Chittagong
1088:
1062:
1053:
1023:
1022:
1005:
1004:
997:
980:
979:
972:
962:
960:
952:
951:
947:
929:
922:
921:
917:
907:
905:
895:
894:
890:
880:
878:
857:
856:
852:
842:
840:
839:on 24 June 2021
830:
829:
825:
815:
813:
805:
800:
799:
795:
749:
748:
741:
731:
729:
700:
699:
695:
671:
670:
663:
641:
640:
633:
615:
614:
607:
602:
585:
578:
575:
566:
563:
554:
547:
538:
527:
518:
515:
506:
499:
490:
487:
478:
471:
462:
442:Irrawaddy River
405:
394:
386:
378:
367:Researchers at
349:
301:transform fault
250:
218:Inwa earthquake
170:
168:
129:
127:
123:
120:
115:
112:
110:
108:
107:
97:
80:Local time
72:Local date
56:
55:
54:
51:
50:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1287:Eurasian Plate
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1191:2011 Yingjiang
1188:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1115:1931 Myitkyina
1112:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1020:
995:
970:
945:
915:
888:
850:
823:
793:
739:
719:10.1144/M48.19
693:
661:
631:
604:
603:
601:
598:
597:
596:
591:
584:
581:
580:
579:
576:
569:
567:
564:
557:
555:
548:
541:
539:
528:
521:
519:
516:
509:
507:
500:
493:
491:
488:
481:
479:
472:
465:
461:
458:
421:formal capital
404:
401:
392:
384:
376:
348:
345:
312:collision zone
249:
246:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
166:
159:
158:
152:
151:Areas affected
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
105:
101:
100:
95:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
65:
58:
57:
52:
43:
42:
36:
35:
34:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1355:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Sagaing Fault
1230:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1155:1995 Menglian
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:1912 Taunggyi
1098:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
983:
977:
975:
971:
959:
955:
949:
946:
941:
937:
933:
926:
919:
916:
903:
899:
892:
889:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
854:
851:
838:
834:
827:
824:
811:
804:
797:
794:
788:
783:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
746:
744:
740:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
697:
694:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:
668:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:
636:
632:
627:
623:
619:
612:
610:
606:
599:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
582:
573:
568:
561:
556:
552:
545:
540:
536:
532:
525:
520:
513:
508:
504:
497:
492:
485:
480:
476:
469:
464:
459:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
402:
400:
398:
390:
382:
374:
370:
365:
363:
358:
354:
346:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:
302:
298:
297:Sagaing Fault
293:
291:
287:
283:
280:known as the
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
167:
160:
156:
153:
149:
146:
145:Sagaing Fault
143:
139:
134:
125:21.9°N 96.0°E
106:
102:
99:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:23 March 1839
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
40:
32:
28:
23:
1282:Indian Plate
1169:21st century
1130:1956 Sagaing
1120:1946 Sagaing
1093:20th century
1078:
1074:1762 Rahkine
1014:
1010:
989:
985:
961:. Retrieved
957:
948:
931:
924:
918:
906:. Retrieved
902:the original
891:
879:. Retrieved
867:
863:
853:
841:. Retrieved
837:the original
826:
814:. Retrieved
809:
796:
759:
755:
730:. Retrieved
710:
706:
696:
674:
647:
625:
621:
406:
396:
366:
350:
320:Sunda Plates
294:
266:Burma plates
251:
229:
217:
213:
209:
207:
202:300–400 dead
172:
1277:Sunda Plate
1272:Burma Plate
1252:Kabaw Fault
1206:2016 Imphal
1196:2011 Tarlay
1140:1976 Yunnan
1056:Earthquakes
787:10220/19774
762:(4): 3767.
713:: 413–441.
503:Mingun Bell
341:seismic gap
325:Nay Pyi Daw
191:Aftershocks
128: /
1302:Categories
1211:2016 Chauk
1135:1975 Bagan
1084:1858 Prome
1079:1839 Innwa
600:References
535:Mindon Min
347:Earthquake
286:Chin Hills
274:Bangladesh
199:Casualties
183:Foreshocks
130:21.9; 96.0
64: time
1216:2016 Kani
1105:1930 Bago
958:NGDC NCEI
727:134291037
678:(Ph.D.).
425:Amarapura
413:foreshock
409:mainshock
371:combined
290:Himalayas
232:) on the
165:intensity
104:Epicenter
88:Magnitude
1110:1930 Pyu
1007:"Burmah"
963:23 March
908:23 March
881:23 March
843:23 March
816:23 March
732:23 March
583:See also
353:Meiktila
329:Mandalay
323:Yangon,
258:Eurasian
171:MMI XI (
91:7.9–8.3
1017:. 1839.
992:. 2003.
872:Bibcode
764:Bibcode
460:Gallery
454:Bangkok
450:Kolkata
397:Extreme
362:rupture
357:Sagaing
310:to the
305:Andaman
238:Rangoon
230:Extreme
173:Extreme
116:96°00′E
113:21°54′N
725:
452:, and
429:Mingun
264:, and
254:Indian
930:[
806:(PDF)
723:S2CID
446:Dhaka
433:stupa
427:. In
373:lidar
316:Burma
262:Sunda
242:Bhamo
141:Fault
83:04:00
1058:and
965:2021
910:2021
883:2021
868:2014
845:2021
818:2021
734:2021
549:The
529:The
501:The
431:, a
417:Inwa
407:The
355:and
351:The
337:1956
333:1946
327:and
318:and
295:The
240:and
226:1762
208:The
194:Yes
186:Yes
163:Max.
1015:XXX
936:doi
782:hdl
772:doi
760:119
715:doi
684:doi
652:doi
626:XIX
399:).
216:or
62:UTC
1304::
1013:.
1009:.
998:^
988:.
984:.
973:^
956:.
870:.
866:.
862:.
808:.
780:.
770:.
758:.
754:.
742:^
721:.
711:48
709:.
705:.
682:.
664:^
650:.
646:.
634:^
624:.
620:.
608:^
456:.
448:,
391:(M
383:(M
364:.
343:.
292:.
260:,
256:,
1048:e
1041:t
1034:v
990:1
967:.
942:.
938::
912:.
885:.
874::
847:.
820:.
790:.
784::
774::
766::
736:.
717::
690:.
686::
658:.
654::
628:.
393:w
385:w
377:w
175:)
96:w
94:M
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
