257:
micro-geography of certain Dutch areas. This case study tries to give an overview of the cause and impact of the 1899 earthquake and tsunami, indexing the specifics of the natural disaster for the entire Ceram area. However, Verbeek's presence in the Dutch Indies was not merely scholarly in nature. There was also an imperialistic incentive to have Dutch scholars located in Dutch colonies. As the first president of the Royal Dutch
Geography Society, P.J. Veth, stated, it was also a matter of pursuing and maintaining the Dutch glory, in a cultural-nationalistic sense. Dutch scholarly presence in the Indies was therefore not merely scientific, but also part of a colonial effort based on the idea of a 'Greater Holland'.
201:. The first-mentioned took place along one of the many concentric cracks, the latter one took place along a radial crack. The earthquake was especially heavy in the Elpaputih-bay. Presumably because, as calculations suggest, the epicenter of the shock was located in the mountains west of the bay. These calculations were confirmed by visual inspection of the mountain rocks, which showed signs of fracture and breaking due to the quake. The earthquake itself would not have been responsible for a lot of damage, were it not that the several parts of the shore broke off due to the quake and fell into the sea, creating a severe tsunami that flooded the shores and the nearby located villages.
32:
210:
39:
217:
The devastating tsunami took 3,864 lives and swept away several villages completely. The areas that were struck hardest were all located on, or near, the Ceram fracture line and included
Hatusua (Piru-bay area), Paulohy-Samasuru and Makariki (Elpaputih-bay area), Tehoru, Wolu and Laimu (Taluti-bay
256:
was a Dutch geologist and natural scientist, located in the Dutch Indies due to his work for the Royal Dutch
Geography Society. Therefore, his work is part of a broader scholarly effort to get a better understanding of the geography of the Dutch colonies. In that time, the focus was mainly on the
235:
Like at Piru-bay, the most severe damage was suffered on the east-side of the bay (Paulohy-Samasuru and Mani were the only west-side villages that were struck). Here, the shore broke off, creating a 9-meter wave flooding land inward for 170 m. 2400 people's lives were taken by the tsunami in this
244:
Here, the west side of the bay suffered the greatest impact. At the Tehoru shore, a 'land-sliding' occurred, which created a flood that flooded the entire Tehoru village as well as parts of the nearby Wolu and Laimu villages.
226:
Only the east side suffered damage from a single-wave tsunami which destroyed village of
Hatusua. A 2.4-meter tall wave which travelled 203 metres (666 ft) inland swept away the village in its entirety.
194:
of the quake is shown in Figure 1. From there the quake spread in all directions. The most forceful spread went west and east, presumably through an old crack or tear in the Earth's crust.
291:
Martin, S. S.; Cummins, P. R.; Meltzner, A. J. (2022), "Gempa
Nusantara: A Database of 7380 Macroseismic Observations for 1200 Historical Earthquakes in Indonesia from 1546 to 1950",
174:. According to the Batavian Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory, the shock occurred at 01:42 AM Amahei local time. The study about the quake and its effects was published by
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345:"Discovery of possible mega-thrust earthquake along the Seram Trough from records of 1629 tsunami in eastern Indonesian region"
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Short Report about the earth- and sea-quake in Ceram, the 30th
September 1899
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Kort verslag over de aard- en zeebeving op Ceram, den 30sten september 1899
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Figure 1. A map that shows the epicenter of the Ceram earthquake.
182:, which serves as the only extensive source on this earthquake.
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190:
The Ceram earthquake is ranked among the tectonic quakes. The
417:
http://www.knag-expedities.nl/pages/tijdgeest/tijdgeest1.php
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which was accompanied by a 10-meter landslide-induced
197:
The 1899 Ceram earthquake had nothing to do with the
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343:Yung-Chun Liu, Z.; Harris, R. A. (2013).
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400:(Batavia Landsdrukkerij, 1900) p. 1â11.
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7:
1924:19th-century disasters in Indonesia
151:On 30 September 1899 the island of
14:
267:List of earthquakes in Indonesia
37:
30:
125:
272:List of historical earthquakes
1:
1858:Flores Back Arc Thrust Fault
249:Dr. R. D. M. Verbeek's study
54:30 September 1899
1940:
1919:1899 disasters in Oceania
1701:2011 Aceh Singkil Regency
1686:May 2010 Northern Sumatra
362:10.1007/s11069-013-0597-y
26:
1884:Earthquakes in Indonesia
1319:Earthquakes in Indonesia
559:1817 Santiago del Estero
529:1812 San Juan Capistrano
459:Earthquakes in the 1800s
186:Earthquake and tsunamis
16:Earthquake in Indonesia
1909:1899 in Southeast Asia
1879:1899 disasters in Asia
1665:September 2009 Sumatra
1635:September 2007 Sumatra
1429:1931 Southwest Sumatra
1414:1913 SulawesiâMindanao
1162:1892 VacavilleâWinters
415:KNAG Expedities, URL:
396:Dr. R. D. M. Verbeek,
214:
145:10 m (33 ft)
1914:September 1899 events
1904:19th-century tsunamis
1894:Tsunamis in Indonesia
1746:19 August 2018 Lombok
1509:1984 Northern Sumatra
1116:1888 North Canterbury
248:
212:
199:1898 Ambon earthquake
22:1899 Ceram earthquake
1838:Great Sumatran fault
1741:5 August 2018 Lombok
1605:November 2004 Nabire
1595:February 2004 Nabire
1569:2000 Banggai Islands
1111:1888 RĂo de la Plata
1051:1881 Nicobar Islands
519:1811â1812 New Madrid
178:in an article named
176:Dr. R. D. M. Verbeek
1655:2009 Talaud Islands
1449:1943 Alahan Panjang
1424:1926 Padang Panjang
1036:1880 Southern Luzon
995:1872 North Cascades
909:1867 Virgin Islands
707:1841 CaĂda da Praia
549:1816 North Atlantic
305:2022BuSSA.112.2958M
159:, was struck by an
105: /
23:
1792:2021 West Sulawesi
1681:April 2010 Sumatra
1630:March 2007 Sumatra
1615:2005 NiasâSimeulue
1267:1899 AydınâDenizli
1152:1892 Laguna Salada
1106:1888 Ritter Island
569:1819 Rann of Kutch
313:10.1785/0120220047
231:Elpaputih-bay area
215:
1866:
1865:
1812:2022 West Sumatra
1771:2019 Sunda Strait
1766:2019 North Maluku
1706:2012 Indian Ocean
1610:2004 Indian Ocean
1564:1999 Sunda Strait
1559:1998 North Maluku
1454:1943 Central Java
1285:
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1142:1891 Port Waikato
1081:1885 Belovodoskoe
1061:1883 Casamicciola
985:1872 Owens Valley
939:1869 Christchurch
157:Dutch East Indies
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1899:1899 earthquakes
1843:Sunda megathrust
1736:July 2018 Lombok
1625:2006 Pangandaran
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1262:1899 Yakutat Bay
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742:1848 Marlborough
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676:1838 San Andreas
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299:(6): 2958â2980,
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134:Heavily damaging
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1620:2006 Yogyakarta
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1514:1989 Irian Jaya
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1071:1884 Colchester
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965:1870 Charlevoix
948:
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828:1857 Basilicata
823:1857 Fort Tejon
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843:1859 Shamakhi
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727:1843 Wanganui
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114:-3.29; 128.65
90:
86:
83:
76:
72:
68:
64:
53:
49:
33:
25:
19:
1889:Seram Island
1833:Sunda Trench
1590:2002 Sumatra
1574:2000 Enggano
1544:1995 Kerinci
1439:1935 Sumatra
1434:1933 Sumatra
1409:1909 Kerinci
1404:1907 Sumatra
1397:20th century
1387:
1378:1861 Sumatra
1358:1833 Sumatra
1348:1797 Sumatra
1271:
1227:1896 Sanriku
1167:1893 Malatya
1015:1879 Surigao
1010:1877 Iquique
934:1868 Hayward
929:1868 Ecuador
914:1867 Keelung
889:1865 Memphis
869:1861 Mendoza
864:1861 Mendoza
859:1861 Sumatra
838:1859 Erzurum
763:1851 Vulture
758:1850 Xichang
737:1847 Zenkoji
671:1838 Vrancea
661:1837 Galilee
636:1833 Sumatra
631:1833 Kunming
564:1819 CopiapĂł
534:1812 Ventura
524:1812 Caracas
488:1804 AlmerĂa
478:1803 Garhwal
473:1802 Vrancea
397:
352:
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322:10356/166257
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286:
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225:
216:
196:
189:
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150:
133:
18:
1807:2021 Flores
1761:2019 Lombok
1524:1992 Flores
1504:1982 Flores
1217:1895 Balkan
1207:1895 Quchan
1197:1894 ShĆnai
1172:1893 Quchan
1121:1889 Chilik
1096:1887 Sonora
1056:1882 Panama
1041:1880 Zagreb
1005:1875 CĂșcuta
1000:1873 Alpago
980:1872 Hamada
970:1871 LÄnaÊ»i
960:1870 Batang
944:1869 Cachar
919:1868 Hawaii
894:1866 Bingöl
884:1863 Manila
833:1858 Hietsu
793:1854 Nankai
778:1853 Shiraz
641:1833 ShĆnai
621:1830 Cixian
590:1822 Aleppo
539:1815 Pinglu
493:1805 Molise
355:(3): 1324.
112: /
1873:Categories
1776:2019 Ambon
1691:2010 Papua
1539:1995 Timor
1489:1979 Yapen
1484:1977 Sumba
1474:1976 Papua
1388:1899 Ceram
1363:1834 Bogor
1338:1674 Ambon
1326:Historical
1272:1899 Ceram
1257:1898 Trilj
1232:1896 Rikuu
1187:1894 Tokyo
1177:1894 Vlorë
1101:1887 Verny
1066:1883 ĂeĆme
1046:1881 Chios
1020:1879 Gansu
924:1868 Arica
874:1863 Jujuy
803:1855 Bursa
788:1854 TĆkai
732:1844 Salta
697:1840 Ahora
600:1828 SanjĆ
595:1825 Blida
509:1810 Crete
420:(in Dutch)
402:(in Dutch)
278:References
168:earthquake
58:1899-09-30
1802:2021 Bali
1726:2017 Java
1721:2016 Aceh
1711:2013 Aceh
1600:2004 Alor
1554:1996 Biak
1534:1994 Java
1529:1994 Liwa
1494:1979 Bali
1479:1976 Bali
1419:1917 Bali
1383:1867 Java
1368:1843 Nias
1353:1815 Bali
1343:1699 Java
990:1872 Amik
975:1871 OrĂĄn
904:1867 Java
717:1843 Nias
651:1834 Java
544:1815 Bali
331:0037-1106
192:epicenter
128:intensity
88:Epicenter
74:Magnitude
808:1855 Edo
681:1839 Ava
261:See also
100:128°39âČE
69:01:42 AM
1826:Related
301:Bibcode
218:area).
205:Effects
172:tsunami
142:Tsunami
56: (
329:
236:area.
132:VIII (
97:3°17âČS
1785:2020s
1674:2010s
1583:2000s
1237:Assam
1135:1890s
1029:1880s
953:1870s
852:1860s
751:1850s
690:1840s
614:1830s
578:1820s
502:1810s
466:1800s
153:Ceram
327:ISSN
166:7.8
126:Max.
77:7.8
357:doi
317:hdl
309:doi
297:112
1875::
408:^
371:^
353:72
351:.
347:.
325:,
315:,
307:,
295:,
155:,
1311:e
1304:t
1297:v
451:e
444:t
437:v
365:.
359::
319::
311::
303::
163:s
161:M
136:)
81:s
79:M
60:)
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