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176:, actigraphy allows the patient to be movable and to continue her or his normal routines while the required data are being recorded in his or her natural sleep environment; this may render the measured data more generally applicable. As sleep actigraphs are more affordable than polysomnographs, their use has advantages, particularly in the case of large field studies.
328:
Actigraphs have a number of different ways of accumulating the values from the accelerometer in memory. ZCM (zero crossing mode) counts the number of times the accelerometer waveform crosses 0 for each time period. PIM (proportional integral mode) measures the area under the curve, and adds that size
249:
The main reason for this development is the fact that, while retaining mobility, actigraphy offers reliable results with an accuracy that is close to those of polysomnography (above 90% for estimating total sleep time but dropping to 55% for a 4 - way sleep stage estimation problem). The technique is
241:
Research showed that both sleep and wake are not equally assessed by actigraphy devices. When compared, data collected through polysomnographs and actigraphs defines sensitivity; which is the proportion of sleep correctly detected by both methods. Actigraphy reveals itself to be more likely to detect
145:
method of monitoring human rest/activity cycles. A small actigraph unit, also called an actimetry sensor, is worn for a week or more to measure gross motor activity. The unit is usually in a wristwatch-like package worn on the wrist. The movements the actigraph unit undergoes are continually recorded
423:
Some consumer electronics devices, such as the Oura Ring and the Huawei Honor Band, employ actigraphy to estimate sleep patterns. Other devices, such as the Fitbit Alta HR, have been found to provide equivalent estimates across all traditional sleep parameters, compared to more traditional actigraph
324:
Devices used for actigraphy collect data generated by movements. In order to make the data usable for practice and sleep medicine, movements are translated into digital data by actigraphs. Several devices and computer software are available, and assessment can vary depending on combination of chosen
414:
and always wear the watch. Sometimes, the actigraph doesn't properly record sleep; for example, a nap during a car ride isn't always logged as sleep. In contrast, showers close to the sleep period can be erroneously recorded as sleep. These false positives are relatively common: while actigraphy is
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has long been cited as "the 'gold standard' for sleep assessment." Since the 1990s, however, actigraphy has increasingly been used to assess sleep/wake behavior; especially for young children. Studies have found actigraphy to be helpful for sleep research because it tends to be less expensive and
179:
However, actigraphy cannot be considered as a substitute to polysomnography. A full night sleep measured with polysomnography may be required for some sleep disorders. Indeed, actigraphy may be efficient in measuring sleep parameters and sleep quality, however it is not provided with measures for
245:
Actigraphy has been actively used in sleep-related studies since the early 1990s. It has not traditionally been used in routine diagnosis of sleep disorders, but technological advances in actigraph hardware and software, as well as studies verifying data validity, have made its use increasingly
278:
Movement actigraphs are generally larger and worn on the shoulder of the dominant arm. They contain a 3D actigraph as opposed to a single dimension one, and have a high sample rate and a large memory. They are used for only a few hours, and can be used to determine problems with gait and other
401:
One advantage of actigraphy methods over polysomnography methods is about duration. Recording is longer than laboratory settings, duration of collection of data may be adapted to each patient and highlight information that cannot be found through one-night measurements such as sleep habits.
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for each time period. TAT (time above threshold) uses a certain threshold, and measures the length of time that the wave is above a certain threshold. Literature shows that PIM provides most accurate measurements for both sleep and activity, though the difference with ZCM is marginal.
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good at detecting sleep patterns (sensitivity: 0.965), it has its difficulties in detecting wake periods (specificity: 0.329). As an electronic device, there can be unobserved technical malfunctions that detrimentally affect actigraphic measurement.
270:: around the waist, near the hip. They are useful for determining the amount of wake-time activity, and possibly estimating the number of calories burned, by the wearer. They are worn for a number of days to collect enough data for valid analysis.
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Ancoli-Israel, Sonia; Martin, Jennifer L.; Blackwell, Terri; Buenaver, Luis; Liu, Lianqi; Meltzer, Lisa J.; Sadeh, Avi; Spira, Adam P.; Taylor, Daniel J. (2015-07-17). "The SBSM Guide to
Actigraphy Monitoring: Clinical and Research Applications".
1277:
Marino, M., Li, Y., Rueschman, M. N., Winkelman, J. W., Ellenbogen, J. M., Solet, J. M., ⊠Buxton, O. M. (2013). Measuring Sleep: Accuracy, Sensitivity, and
Specificity of Wrist Actigraphy Compared to Polysomnography. Sleep, 36(11), 1747â1755.
999:, von Gizycki, H., Zizi, F., Spielman, A., Hauri, P., & Taub, H. (1997) The actigraph data analysis software: I. A novel approach to scoring and interpreting sleepâwake activity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 85, 207â216.
1375:
Reliability of
Accelerometry-Based Activity Monitors: A Generalizability Study. Gregory J. Welk, Jodee A. Schaben, and James R. Morrow, Jr. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 1637â1645,
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increasingly employed in new drug clinical trials where sleep quality is seen as a good indicator of quality of life. The technique has also been used in studies with individuals in both health and disease, e.g.,
540:
Terri
Blackwell MA; Susan Redline MD MPH; Sonia Ancoli-Israel PhD; Jennifer L. Schneider MPH; Susan Surovec BA; Nathan L. Johnson MS; Jane A. Cauley, DrPH; Katie L. Stone, PhD (2008-02-01).
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and some units also measure light exposure. The data can be later read to a computer and analysed offline; in some brands of sensors the data are transmitted and analysed in real time.
1320:"Validity, potential clinical utility, and comparison of consumer and researchâgrade activity trackers in Insomnia Disorder I: Inâlab validation against polysomnography"
1246:
Girardin, Jean-Louis et al. "Sleep estimation from wrist movement quantified by different actigraphic modalities." Journal of
Neuroscience Methods 105.2 (2001): 185-191.
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Actigraphy also captures daytime activity, which is not captured by polysomnography. Actigraphy turns out to be especially adapted to pediatric and elderly patients.
501:
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Actigraph units vary widely in size and features and can be expanded to include additional measurements. However, there are a number of limiting factors:
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treatments for such disorders. The data, recorded over time, is in some cases more relevant than the result of polysomnography, particularly in assessing
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With the actigraphy it is also possible to determine some general information related to the sleep and the sleep quality of the subject, such as his/her
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Water resistance: for proper measurements it is often desirable that the actigraph be worn in the shower, bathtub, or even while swimming/diving.
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a real time clock or timer to start/stop the actigraph recording at specific times, and to record accumulate values for a specific time frame,
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França, Lucas
Gabriel Souza; Montoya, Pedro; Miranda, José Garcia Vivas (2019). "On multifractals: A non-linear study of actigraphy data".
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User input: most actigraphs now include a button so the user can indicate a specific event that occurs, for example lights out at bedtime.
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799:
Tang, Nicole K.Y.; Harvey, Allison G. (2004). "Correcting distorted perception of sleep in insomnia: a novel behavioural experiment?".
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Fastest sample rate: 1-minute intervals provide adequate detail to measure sleep, but could be too slow for measuring other parameters.
108:
1086:"Reduction of scale invariance of activity fluctuations with aging and Alzheimer's disease: Involvement of the circadian pacemaker"
238:, the total sleep duration, the sleep consolidation (sleep efficiency), the time spent in bed, movements, and the sleep cycle.
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Actigraphy is indicated as a method to characterize circadian patterns or sleep disturbances in individuals with insomnia, ...
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Ancoli-Israel, Sonia; Cole, Roger; Alessi, Cathy; Chambers, Mark; Moorcroft, William; Pollak, Charles P. (May 2003).
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1378:â Medicine & Science in Sports & Medicine, the official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine
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35:
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1371:â Practice parameters for the role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms: An update for 2002
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Amount of memory: Together with sample rate, the amount of memory determines how long measurements can be taken.
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which filters out everything except the 2â3 Hz band, thereby ensuring external vibrations are ignored, and
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Pigot, HĂ©lĂšne; Bernard
Lefebvre; Jean-Guy Meunier; Brigitte Kerhervé; André Mayers; Sylvain Giroux (2003),
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The actigraph is recorded at home, and therefore a high compliance is needed: patients need to complete a
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200:
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arm for adults and usually on the ankle for children. They are useful for determining sleep patterns and
1365:âParameters for the Use of Actigraphy in the Assessment of Sleep and Sleep Disorders: An Update for 2007
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Bucko, Agnes G.; Dowda, Marsha; Frongillo, Edward A.; Torres, Myriam E.; Pate, Russell R. (2021-11-01).
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Bucko, Agnes G.; Dowda, Marsha; Frongillo, Edward A.; Torres, Myriam E.; Pate, Russell R. (2021-11-01).
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Hu, Kun; Ivanov, Plamen Ch.; Chen, Zhi; Hilton, Michael F.; Stanley, H.Eugene; Shea, Steven A. (2004).
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Meltzer, Lisa J.; Montgomery-Downs, Hawley E.; Insana, Salvatore P.; Walsh, Colleen M. (2012-10-01).
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542:"Comparison of Sleep Parameters from Actigraphy and Polysomnography in Older Women: The SOF Study"
509:, Canada: Département de mathématiques et d'informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, archived from
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Schutte-Rodin, Sharon; Broch, Lauren; Buysse, Daniel; Dorsey, Cynthia; Sateia, Michael (2015).
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brain activity (EEG), eye movements (EOG), muscle activity (EMG) or heart rhythm (ECG).
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Hu, Kun; Someren, Eus J. W. Van; Shea, Steven A.; Scheer, Frank A. J. L. (2009-02-24).
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Subjective user input: for example a query function to allow surveys at specific times.
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Sadeh, Avi; Acebo, Christine (May 2002). "The role of actigraphy in sleep medicine".
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891:"Clinical Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults"
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Kahawage, Piyumi; Jumabhoy, Ria; Hamill, Kellie; de
Zambotti, Massimiliano (2020).
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and may be worn for several weeks at a time. In the medical setting, traditional
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1011:"Non-random fluctuations and multi-scale dynamics regulation of human activity"
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Actigraphy is useful for assessing daytime sleepiness in place of a laboratory
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Sadeh, A., & Acebo, C. (2002). The role of actigraphy in sleep medicine.
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Google
Scholar; keyword: actigraph+sleep; 10.3k results as of September 2011
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The unit itself is an integrate electronic device which generally embeds:
552:(2). and for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group: 283â91.
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Sleep actigraphs are generally watch-shaped and worn on the wrist of the
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Watch functionality: making the device more attractive to the user.
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For some uses, the following are examples of additional features:
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The role of intelligent habitats in upholding elders in residence
744:"Nighttime sleep and physical activity in 6-7 month-old infants"
591:"Nighttime sleep and physical activity in 6-7 month-old infants"
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Weight: the heavier the actigraph, the more disruptive its use.
648:"Use of actigraphy for assessment in pediatric sleep research"
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Martin, J. L., & Hakim, A. D. (2011). Wrist actigraphy.
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Non-invasive method of monitoring human rest/activity cycles
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Monographs of the
Society for Research in Child Development
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Ibåñez, Vanessa; Silva, Josep; Cauli, Omar (2018-05-25).
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Battery usage: Some actigraphs have a short battery life.
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Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications
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Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications
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Activity actigraphs are worn and used similarly to a
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a non-volatile memory to store the resulting values,
203:. It is also used in assessing the effectiveness of
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
705:"III. Sleep Assessment Methods: Sleep Assessment"
1090:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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172:cumbersome than polysomnography. Unlike
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443:"A survey on sleep assessment methods"
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187:. It is used to clinically evaluate
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1369:American Academy of Sleep Medicine
1363:American Academy of Sleep Medicine
1280:https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3142
898:Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
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223:and disorders thereof as well as
193:circadian rhythm sleep disorders
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595:Infant Behavior and Development
34:needs additional citations for
801:Behaviour Research and Therapy
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852:10.1080/15402002.2015.1046356
813:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00068-8
1293:"How does Oura track sleep?"
760:10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101628
607:10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101628
419:Consumer electronics devices
1183:10.1016/j.physa.2018.09.122
1045:10.1016/j.physa.2004.01.042
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1324:Journal of Sleep Research
840:Behavioral Sleep Medicine
703:Sadeh, Avi (2015-03-01).
242:sleep than wake phases.
1111:10.1073/pnas.0806087106
370:Sensors which monitor:
1266:Sleep medicine reviews
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1214:Sleep Medicine Reviews
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652:Sleep Medicine Reviews
558:10.1093/sleep/31.2.283
390:a full EEG data stream
311:an interface, usually
279:physical impairments.
201:restless legs syndrome
1392:Measuring instruments
1397:Neurology procedures
997:Jean-Louis, Girardin
43:improve this article
1299:on 23 November 2018
1175:2019PhyA..514..612F
1102:2009PNAS..106.2490H
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900:. AASM. p. 488
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236:sleep onset latency
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