578:
498:
65:
509:
urban fabric suffered considerably from the Arab attacks and the concomitant decline of urbanization, but most of the cities in the interior of the theme, i.e. in
Phrygia and Pisidia, survived, albeit in a reduced form. The cities of eastern Cappadocia (the former province of
453:
The thematic capital, Amorium, was also a frequent target of the Arabs. It was attacked already in 644, captured in 646, and briefly occupied in 669. The Arabs reached it again in 708 and besieged it without success in 716, during their
599:, the Anatolic Theme was the most powerful and most prestigious of the themes. Its very power, however, also meant that it was a potential threat to the emperors: already in 669, the thematic army revolted and forced
395:
The exact date of the theme's establishment is unknown. Along with the other original themes, it was created sometime after the 640s as a military encampment area for the remnants of the old field armies of the
2846:
450:, its easternmost region—was frequently either a target of Arab invasions, or at the forefront of the Byzantine counter-raids into Arab territory, which began after the middle of the 8th century.
522:
along the eastern frontier, especially
Cappadocia, in the 9th century, meant that Arab raids henceforth were absorbed there, and seldom reached the Anatolic Theme's territory. Apart from Caliph
2588:
565:, proclaimed himself emperor (Nikephoros III, r. 1078–1081). The Byzantines managed to recover some of the western and northern portions of the theme in the subsequent decades under the
2546:
Leveniotis, Georgios A. (2005–2006). "Το θέμα/δουκάτο των Ανατολικών κατά το δεύτερο ήμισυ του 11ου αι" [The Theme/Duchy of the
Anatolics in the Second Half of the 11th c.].
210:) were powerful individuals, several of them rising to the imperial throne or launching failed rebellions to capture it. The theme and its army played an important role in the
526:'s great invasion against Amorium in 838, attacks that penetrated into the Anatolics' territory are reported for the year 878, when the thematic troops successfully defended
2581:
482:
in 788, and
Amorium was threatened again in 797. In the early years of the 9th century, Cappadocia was the focus of Arab attacks, which culminated in the
2574:
363:
were specifically barred. The holders of the post received an annual salary of 40 pounds of gold, and are attested as holding the senior court ranks of
791:
343:, the Anatolic Theme, "the largest of the provinces of the Romans", fielded 15,000 men, and contained 34 fortresses. It and its military governor, or
2856:
658:
in 820–823. In the 10th century, however, the theme appears on the sidelines of the rebellions of the period. The next and last rebellion by a
2490:
Catalogue of
Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, Volume 3: West, Northwest, and Central Asia Minor and the Orient
246:. Initially, the Anatolic Theme included the western and southern shores of Asia Minor as well, but by c. 720 they were split off to form the
2405:
483:
478:, which in the quarter-century after 780 launched repeated invasions of Byzantine Asia Minor. Thus the Anatolics suffered a heavy defeat
455:
501:
The
Byzantine themes of Asia Minor in circa 842, showing the fragmentation of the large original themes into smaller circumscriptions.
2528:
2498:
2453:
2429:
474:(r. 741–775), the Anatolics spearheaded the Byzantine campaigns into Arab-held territory. This in turn provoked the reaction of the
2468:
Die byzantinische
Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber. Studien zur Strukturwandlung des byzantinischen Staates im 7. und 8. Jhd
549:
attack on the theme is recorded in 1069, when the Turks attacked
Iconium. Most of the province was overrun by the Turks after the
2444:
604:
268:
608:
646:
The
Anatolic Theme served as the base for several bids for the throne in later centuries as well: the failed revolt of
2851:
193:
47:
2566:
2597:
639:, and in 742 Leo III's son and successor, Constantine V, found refuge and support in the theme against the usurper
562:
214:
of the 7th–10th centuries, after which it enjoyed a period of relative peace that lasted until its conquest by the
296:
2355:
The
Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century – With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos
577:
557:
in the 12th century. The last appearance of the Anatolic Theme in the historical sources is in 1077, when its
443:
211:
806:
554:
360:
860:
818:
405:
226:
In its "classical" form during the 8th and 9th centuries, the theme stretched over the ancient regions of
204:). From its establishment, it was the largest and senior-most of the themes, and its military governors (
764:
2470:(in German). Munich: Institut für Byzantinistik und Neugriechische Philologie der Universität München.
635:(r. 715–717). Henceforth, the Anatolics would be stalwart supporters of the Isaurians, including their
2763:
2463:
812:
695:
636:
479:
336:
305:
255:
2793:
2781:
2775:
2680:
2668:
2484:
755:
550:
2728:
2633:
854:
749:
701:
663:
651:
511:
467:
459:
273:
2320:
2295:
2270:
2245:
2220:
2195:
2170:
2145:
2120:
2095:
2070:
2045:
2020:
1995:
1970:
1945:
1920:
1895:
1870:
1845:
1820:
1795:
1770:
1745:
1720:
1695:
1670:
1645:
1621:
1596:
1571:
1546:
1521:
1496:
1471:
1446:
1421:
1396:
1371:
1346:
1321:
1296:
1271:
1246:
1221:
1196:
422:). The theme is attested for the first time in 669, while the army itself is mentioned, as the
309:
2861:
2787:
2751:
2710:
2692:
2662:
2555:
2524:
2494:
2471:
2449:
2439:
2425:
2401:
2359:
596:
491:
475:
409:
243:
349:, first attested in 690, ranked first in precedence among the theme governors. As such, the "
2866:
2817:
2704:
2686:
2644:
2601:
824:
740:
647:
628:
535:
515:
283:
247:
190:
51:
2811:
2757:
734:
655:
487:
397:
377:
317:
287:
2353:
530:, and again in 888, 894 and 897, always in the southeastern portion of the theme around
2799:
2769:
2745:
2716:
2629:
632:
600:
583:
523:
263:
160:
2840:
2722:
2606:
539:
471:
458:. The tide of the Arab attacks ebbed in the 740s, after the Byzantine victory at the
383:
2829:
Thrace and Macedonia were counted among the Eastern themes for hierarchical purposes
497:
64:
620:
546:
506:
431:
340:
215:
381:. In addition, they were the only ones to be appointed to the exceptional post of
2518:
2488:
2419:
2395:
2805:
2415:
595:
during its first centuries of existence, and benefiting from its support of the
463:
251:
2637:
2363:
2349:
640:
447:
401:
371:
291:
197:
70:
2559:
2475:
654:(r. 813–820) by the Anatolic troops in 813, and the large-scale rebellion of
514:), however, which bordered the Caliphate, were practically destroyed, as was
2656:
592:
365:
359:) was one of the highest in the Empire, and one of the few posts from which
345:
325:
206:
85:
324:
in 838. After that, it was probably transferred to the nearby fortress of
2698:
2650:
689:
682:
667:
616:
566:
527:
321:
301:
227:
17:
408:. The Anatolic Theme was settled and took its name from the army of the
2674:
531:
313:
259:
239:
235:
231:
120:
81:
278:
201:
147:
2372:
534:. The 10th century was largely peaceful, with the exception of yet
2493:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
576:
496:
332:
262:
and including the forts that guarded the northern entrance to the
2397:
Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture
258:(r. 829–842), its eastern and south-eastern portions, facing the
387:("single-general"), overall commander of the Asian land themes.
2570:
1167:
1165:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1072:
1070:
1068:
958:
956:
1140:
1138:
1055:
1053:
413:
354:
180:
165:
37:
997:
995:
446:
in the 7th and 8th centuries, the Anatolic Theme—especially
2421:
Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204
569:
emperors, but the Anatolic Theme was never reconstituted.
650:
in 803 was followed by the successful proclamation of
631:, became emperor (Leo III, r. 717–741) after deposing
2847:
States and territories established in the 7th century
2381:(in Greek). Athens: Foundation of the Hellenic World
266:, were detached to form two new frontier districts (
2737:
2615:
2523:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
2512:(in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.
143:
117:
107:
95:
77:
34:
908:
587:of Leo III the Isaurian and his son, Constantine V
2448:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
553:in 1071, with Iconium becoming the seat of the
2379:Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor
2582:
1024:
1022:
8:
290:(r. 886–912) later ceded the region west of
1183:
1171:
1156:
1144:
1129:
1117:
1076:
1059:
1001:
986:
962:
623:(r. 685–695, 705–711), and in 717 the then
2589:
2575:
2567:
611:as his co-emperors, while in 695 a former
196:(a military-civilian province) in central
63:
31:
2400:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1044:
892:
890:
888:
603:(r. 668–685) to re-install his brothers,
312:) to Cappadocia. The theme's capital was
2510:Constantino Porfirogenito: De Thematibus
2554:. Hellenic Historical Society: 33–101.
1028:
974:
896:
872:
76:
1040:
947:
879:
619:(r. 695–698), usurped the throne from
1100:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
138:
134:
116:
106:
102:
90:
7:
1013:
938:, "Anatolikon" (C. Foss), pp. 89–90.
2358:. London: Oxford University Press.
2445:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
2371:Gyftopoulou, Sofia (11 May 2003).
833:Leo Melissenos (Late 10th century)
591:Directly facing the forces of the
25:
1091:, "Amorion" (C. Foss), pp. 79–80.
490:(r. 786–809) himself, which took
438:Wars with the Arabs and the Turks
2520:Byzantium and Its Army, 284–1081
773:Theodotus Melissenos (c.843/844)
39:Άνατολικόν θέμα, θέμα Άνατολικῶν
1088:
935:
2857:Themes of the Byzantine Empire
909:Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1996
331:According to the 10th-century
175:), more properly known as the
1:
2517:Treadgold, Warren T. (1995).
662:of the Anatolics was that of
27:Theme of the Byzantine Empire
1996:"Bardas Phokas (der Ältere)"
800:Balantios (9th/10th century)
719:Artabasdos (8th/9th century)
518:. The foundation of the new
222:Geography and administration
830:Adralestus Diogenes (c.970)
276:(originally a division, or
2883:
2738:Western or European themes
2321:"Theophylaktos Dalassenos"
803:Andreas (9th/10th century)
731:Bardanes (8th/9th century)
725:Bardanes (8th/9th century)
414:
400:, which were withdrawn to
355:
181:
166:
38:
2827:
851:Nikephoros (11th century)
842:Andronikos (10th century)
839:Nikephoros (10th century)
728:Marinos (8th/9th century)
722:Maurice (8th/9th century)
540:raid that reached Iconium
494:and several other forts.
164:
139:
135:
131:
103:
91:
62:
57:
46:
2394:Haldon, John F. (1997).
2373:
797:Basil (9th/10th century)
538:of Amorium in 931 and a
356:στρατηγός τῶν Άνατολικῶν
282:, of the Anatolics) and
69:The Byzantine themes of
2616:Eastern or Asian themes
2021:"Nikephoros II. Phokas"
845:Gregoras (10th century)
807:Bardas Phokas the Elder
746:Romanos (after 803-811)
716:Demetrius (8th century)
555:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
462:and the turmoil of the
456:march on Constantinople
2071:"Ioannes I. Tzimiskes"
861:Theophylact Dalassenos
836:Alexios (10th century)
819:Leo Phokas the Younger
809:(after 910-before 919)
788:Theodore (9th century)
710:Marianos (8th century)
588:
563:Nikephoros Botaneiates
502:
177:Theme of the Anatolics
35:Theme of the Anatolics
2464:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
2424:. London: UCL Press.
2096:"Adralestos Diogenes"
637:iconoclastic policies
580:
500:
484:great invasion of 806
238:, as well as most of
2508:Pertusi, A. (1952).
2485:Oikonomides, Nicolas
2296:"Nikephoros Xiphias"
1896:"Eustathios Argyros"
1297:"Michael Melissenos"
782:Phokas (9th century)
776:Leo Krateros (c.867)
470:, and under Emperor
424:exercitus Orientalis
899:, pp. 114–115.
863:(1022- before 1027)
827:(c.963- before 969)
713:Peter (8th century)
551:Battle of Manzikert
444:wars with the Arabs
404:in the face of the
353:of the Anatolics" (
218:in the late 1070s.
212:Arab–Byzantine wars
119:• Fall to the
109:• Established
58:640s/660s – c. 1078
2852:Byzantine Anatolia
2440:Kazhdan, Alexander
855:Nikephoros Xiphias
848:Leo (10th century)
792:Eustathios Argyros
779:John (9th century)
702:Michael Melissenos
664:Nikephoros Xiphias
652:Leo V the Armenian
589:
516:Antioch in Pisidia
512:Cappadocia Secunda
503:
468:Abbasid Revolution
460:Battle of Akroinon
260:Arab frontier zone
2834:
2833:
2711:Cibyrrhaeot Theme
2663:Bucellarian Theme
2407:978-0-521-31917-1
2121:"Leon Melissenos"
1572:"Bardanes Turkos"
1103:, pp. 97–162
1016:, pp. 39–41.
857:(after 1018-1022)
813:Nikephoros Phokas
785:Leo (9th century)
707:Artabasdos (778?)
666:in 1022, against
597:Isaurian emperors
492:Heraclea Cybistra
476:Abbasid Caliphate
337:Qudama ibn Ja'far
244:Galatia Salutaris
153:
152:
127:30 September 1078
16:(Redirected from
2874:
2645:Thracesian Theme
2602:Byzantine Empire
2591:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2563:
2534:
2513:
2504:
2479:
2459:
2435:
2411:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2367:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1193:
1187:
1184:Gyftopoulou 2003
1181:
1175:
1172:Gyftopoulou 2003
1169:
1160:
1157:Gyftopoulou 2003
1154:
1148:
1145:Gyftopoulou 2003
1142:
1133:
1130:Gyftopoulou 2003
1127:
1121:
1118:Gyftopoulou 2003
1115:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1077:Gyftopoulou 2003
1074:
1063:
1060:Gyftopoulou 2003
1057:
1048:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1017:
1011:
1005:
1002:Gyftopoulou 2003
999:
990:
987:Gyftopoulou 2003
984:
978:
972:
966:
963:Gyftopoulou 2003
960:
951:
945:
939:
933:
912:
906:
900:
894:
883:
877:
761:Krateros (816-?)
741:Bardanes Tourkos
648:Bardanes Tourkos
629:Leo the Isaurian
426:, as late as an
417:
416:
406:Muslim conquests
358:
357:
318:sack of the city
187:thema Anatolikōn
184:
183:
170:
169:
168:
67:
52:Byzantine Empire
41:
40:
32:
21:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2812:Cherson/Klimata
2733:
2611:
2595:
2545:
2542:
2540:Further reading
2537:
2531:
2516:
2507:
2501:
2487:, eds. (1996).
2483:Nesbitt, John;
2482:
2462:
2456:
2438:
2432:
2414:
2408:
2393:
2384:
2382:
2375:
2374:Ανατολικών Θέμα
2370:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1771:"Leon Krateros"
1769:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1066:
1058:
1051:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1000:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
961:
954:
946:
942:
934:
915:
907:
903:
895:
886:
878:
874:
870:
685:(after 682-692)
676:
670:(r. 976–1025).
656:Thomas the Slav
575:
488:Harun al-Rashid
440:
398:East Roman army
393:
378:prōtospatharios
306:Hagios Agapetos
288:Leo VI the Wise
224:
182:θέμα Άνατολικῶν
124:
110:
84:
68:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2880:
2878:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2651:Opsician Theme
2647:
2641:
2630:Armeniac Theme
2626:
2624:Anatolic Theme
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2514:
2505:
2499:
2480:
2460:
2454:
2442:, ed. (1991).
2436:
2430:
2412:
2406:
2391:
2368:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2312:
2287:
2262:
2237:
2212:
2187:
2162:
2137:
2112:
2087:
2062:
2037:
2012:
1987:
1962:
1937:
1912:
1887:
1862:
1837:
1812:
1787:
1762:
1737:
1712:
1687:
1662:
1637:
1613:
1588:
1563:
1538:
1513:
1488:
1463:
1438:
1413:
1388:
1363:
1338:
1313:
1288:
1263:
1238:
1213:
1188:
1176:
1161:
1149:
1134:
1122:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1064:
1049:
1045:Treadgold 1995
1043:, p. 73;
1033:
1031:, p. 114.
1018:
1006:
991:
979:
977:, p. 115.
967:
952:
950:, p. 114.
940:
913:
911:, p. 144.
901:
884:
882:, p. 157.
871:
869:
866:
865:
864:
858:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:John Tzimiskes
822:
816:
810:
804:
801:
798:
795:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:Aetios (c.838)
768:
762:
759:
753:
747:
744:
738:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
699:
693:
686:
680:
675:
672:
633:Theodosios III
601:Constantine IV
574:
571:
486:led by Caliph
439:
436:
392:
389:
264:Cilician Gates
254:themes. Under
223:
220:
157:Anatolic Theme
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:Historical era
93:
92:
89:
88:
79:
75:
74:
60:
59:
55:
54:
44:
43:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2879:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2826:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2607:De Thematibus
2604:according to
2603:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2530:0-8047-3163-2
2526:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2500:0-88402-250-1
2496:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2455:0-19-504652-8
2451:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2431:1-85728-495-X
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2392:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2051:
2047:
2046:"Leon Phokas"
2041:
2038:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1047:, p. 23.
1046:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1003:
998:
996:
992:
988:
983:
980:
976:
971:
968:
964:
959:
957:
953:
949:
944:
941:
937:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
914:
910:
905:
902:
898:
893:
891:
889:
885:
881:
876:
873:
867:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
692:? (c.705-711)
691:
687:
684:
681:
678:
677:
673:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
586:
585:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
499:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:at Kopidnadon
477:
473:
472:Constantine V
469:
465:
461:
457:
451:
449:
445:
437:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
411:
407:
403:
399:
390:
388:
386:
385:
384:monostrategos
380:
379:
374:
373:
368:
367:
362:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:and parts of
241:
237:
233:
229:
221:
219:
217:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
195:
192:
188:
178:
174:
162:
158:
149:
146:
144:Today part of
142:
130:
126:
122:
112:
98:
94:
87:
83:
80:
72:
66:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
33:
30:
19:
2764:Thessalonica
2623:
2605:
2551:
2550:(in Greek).
2547:
2519:
2509:
2489:
2467:
2443:
2420:
2416:Haldon, John
2396:
2383:. Retrieved
2378:
2354:
2328:. Retrieved
2324:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2299:
2290:
2278:. Retrieved
2274:
2271:"Nikephoros"
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2249:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2199:
2196:"Andronikos"
2190:
2178:. Retrieved
2174:
2171:"Nikephoros"
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2099:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:
2065:
2053:. Retrieved
2049:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2024:
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
1999:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1949:
1940:
1928:. Retrieved
1924:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1874:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1849:
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1774:
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1749:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1699:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1674:
1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1649:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1600:
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1575:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1550:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1525:
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1500:
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1475:
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1450:
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:
1422:"Artabasdos"
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1400:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:
1341:
1329:. Retrieved
1325:
1322:"Artabasdos"
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1275:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
1200:
1191:
1179:
1152:
1125:
1096:
1084:
1036:
1029:Pertusi 1952
1009:
982:
975:Pertusi 1952
970:
943:
904:
897:Pertusi 1952
875:
659:
645:
624:
621:Justinian II
612:
590:
582:
558:
544:
536:another sack
519:
507:late antique
504:
452:
441:
432:Justinian II
427:
423:
419:
394:
382:
376:
370:
364:
350:
344:
341:Ibn al-Faqih
335:geographers
330:
316:, until the
295:
277:
272:), those of
267:
225:
216:Seljuk Turks
205:
186:
176:
172:
156:
154:
73:in circa 740
29:
2806:Longobardia
2794:Dyrrhachium
2782:Cephallenia
2776:Peloponnese
2681:Mesopotamia
2669:Paphlagonia
2350:Bury, J. B.
1946:"Balantios"
1921:"Basileios"
1871:"Theodoros"
1746:"Theodotos"
1696:"Photeinos"
1447:"Maurikios"
1397:"Demetrios"
1247:"Sisinnios"
1041:Haldon 1999
948:Haldon 1999
880:Haldon 1997
794:(c.904-907)
737:(c.800-802)
698:(c.713-717)
524:al-Mu'tasim
464:Third Fitna
442:During the
252:Cibyrrhaeot
173:Anatolikon
167:Άνατολικόν
99:Middle Ages
2841:Categories
2816:(omitted:
2729:Aegean Sea
2638:Charsianon
2634:Cappadocia
2548:Vyzantiaka
2364:1046639111
2325:De Gruyter
2300:De Gruyter
2275:De Gruyter
2250:De Gruyter
2225:De Gruyter
2221:"Gregoras"
2200:De Gruyter
2175:De Gruyter
2150:De Gruyter
2125:De Gruyter
2100:De Gruyter
2075:De Gruyter
2050:De Gruyter
2025:De Gruyter
2000:De Gruyter
1975:De Gruyter
1950:De Gruyter
1925:De Gruyter
1900:De Gruyter
1875:De Gruyter
1850:De Gruyter
1825:De Gruyter
1800:De Gruyter
1775:De Gruyter
1750:De Gruyter
1725:De Gruyter
1700:De Gruyter
1675:De Gruyter
1671:"Krateros"
1650:De Gruyter
1625:De Gruyter
1601:De Gruyter
1576:De Gruyter
1551:De Gruyter
1526:De Gruyter
1522:"Bardanes"
1501:De Gruyter
1476:De Gruyter
1472:"Bardanes"
1451:De Gruyter
1426:De Gruyter
1401:De Gruyter
1376:De Gruyter
1351:De Gruyter
1347:"Marianos"
1326:De Gruyter
1301:De Gruyter
1276:De Gruyter
1272:"Leon III"
1251:De Gruyter
1226:De Gruyter
1222:"Leontios"
1201:De Gruyter
1101:Lilie 1976
868:References
704:(766-771?)
688:Sissinios
679:Leo (682?)
641:Artabasdos
573:Rebellions
545:The first
520:kleisourai
448:Cappadocia
402:Asia Minor
372:anthypatos
292:Lake Tatta
286:. Emperor
274:Cappadocia
269:kleisourai
256:Theophilos
248:Thracesian
198:Asia Minor
113:before 669
71:Asia Minor
2788:Nicopolis
2752:Macedonia
2693:Sebasteia
2657:Optimates
2560:1012-0513
2476:797598069
2385:7 October
2146:"Alexios"
1971:"Andreas"
1796:"Ioannes"
1622:"Leon V."
1597:"Romanos"
1497:"Marinos"
1014:Bury 1911
821:(955-960)
815:(945-955)
765:Photeinos
758:(816-819)
752:(811-813)
743:(802-803)
690:Rendakios
674:Strategoi
660:stratēgos
625:stratēgos
613:stratēgos
605:Heraclius
593:Caliphate
567:Komnenian
559:stratēgos
366:patrikios
351:stratēgos
346:stratēgos
326:Polybotos
310:Aphrazeia
207:stratēgoi
191:Byzantine
189:), was a
86:Polybotos
18:Anatolics
2862:Lycaonia
2818:Dalmatia
2705:Seleucia
2699:Lykandos
2687:Koloneia
2610:(c. 950)
2466:(1976).
2418:(1999).
2352:(1911).
1821:"Phokas"
1721:"Aëtios"
1646:"Manuel"
1547:"Aëtios"
1372:"Petros"
1186:, § 8.2.
1174:, § 8.1.
1132:, § 5.3.
1120:, § 6.2.
1079:, § 6.1.
989:, § 5.1.
965:, § 5.2.
683:Leontius
668:Basil II
617:Leontios
609:Tiberius
542:in 963.
528:Mistheia
466:and the
434:in 687.
412:(Greek:
322:Abbasids
302:Eudokias
284:Seleucia
228:Lycaonia
200:(modern
179:(Greek:
2867:Pisidia
2758:Strymon
2675:Chaldia
2632:(incl.
2600:of the
2342:Sources
584:solidus
547:Turkish
532:Iconium
420:Anatolē
415:Άνατολή
391:History
361:eunuchs
320:by the
314:Amorium
240:Phrygia
236:Isauria
232:Pisidia
121:Seljuks
82:Amorium
78:Capital
50:of the
2800:Sicily
2770:Hellas
2746:Thrace
2717:Cyprus
2598:Themes
2558:
2527:
2497:
2474:
2452:
2428:
2404:
2362:
2330:8 July
2305:8 July
2280:8 July
2255:8 July
2246:"Leon"
2230:8 July
2205:8 July
2180:8 July
2155:8 July
2130:8 July
2105:8 July
2080:8 July
2055:8 July
2030:8 July
2005:8 July
1980:8 July
1955:8 July
1930:8 July
1905:8 July
1880:8 July
1855:8 July
1846:"Leon"
1830:8 July
1805:8 July
1780:8 July
1755:8 July
1730:8 July
1705:8 July
1680:8 July
1655:8 July
1630:8 July
1606:8 July
1581:8 July
1556:8 July
1531:8 July
1506:8 July
1481:8 July
1456:8 July
1431:8 July
1406:8 July
1381:8 July
1356:8 July
1331:8 July
1306:8 July
1281:8 July
1256:8 July
1231:8 July
1206:8 July
1197:"Leon"
1159:, § 8.
1147:, § 7.
1062:, § 1.
1004:, § 3.
767:(820s)
756:Manuel
735:Aetios
428:iussio
375:, and
279:tourma
202:Turkey
148:Turkey
2723:Samos
581:Gold
297:banda
294:(the
194:theme
161:Greek
48:Theme
2810:12.
2804:11.
2798:10.
2727:17.
2721:16.
2715:15.
2709:14.
2703:13.
2697:12.
2691:11.
2685:10.
2636:and
2556:ISSN
2525:ISBN
2495:ISBN
2472:OCLC
2450:ISBN
2426:ISBN
2402:ISBN
2387:2009
2360:OCLC
2332:2023
2307:2023
2282:2023
2257:2023
2232:2023
2207:2023
2182:2023
2157:2023
2132:2023
2107:2023
2082:2023
2057:2023
2032:2023
2007:2023
1982:2023
1957:2023
1932:2023
1907:2023
1882:2023
1857:2023
1832:2023
1807:2023
1782:2023
1757:2023
1732:2023
1707:2023
1682:2023
1657:2023
1632:2023
1608:2023
1583:2023
1558:2023
1533:2023
1508:2023
1483:2023
1458:2023
1433:2023
1408:2023
1383:2023
1358:2023
1333:2023
1308:2023
1283:2023
1258:2023
1233:2023
1208:2023
607:and
505:The
410:East
339:and
333:Arab
308:and
250:and
155:The
2792:9.
2786:8.
2780:7.
2774:6.
2768:5.
2762:4.
2756:3.
2750:2.
2744:1.
2679:9.
2673:8.
2667:7.
2661:6.
2655:5.
2649:4.
2643:3.
2628:2.
2622:1.
1089:ODB
936:ODB
750:Leo
696:Leo
430:of
300:of
2843::
2552:25
2377:.
2323:.
2298:.
2273:.
2248:.
2223:.
2198:.
2173:.
2148:.
2123:.
2098:.
2073:.
2048:.
2023:.
1998:.
1973:.
1948:.
1923:.
1898:.
1873:.
1848:.
1823:.
1798:.
1773:.
1748:.
1723:.
1698:.
1673:.
1648:.
1599:.
1574:.
1549:.
1524:.
1499:.
1474:.
1449:.
1424:.
1399:.
1374:.
1349:.
1324:.
1299:.
1274:.
1249:.
1224:.
1199:.
1164:^
1137:^
1108:^
1067:^
1052:^
1021:^
994:^
955:^
916:^
887:^
643:.
627:,
615:,
561:,
418:,
369:,
328:.
304:,
234:,
230:,
185:,
171:,
163::
123:.
2820:)
2640:)
2590:e
2583:t
2576:v
2562:.
2533:.
2503:.
2478:.
2458:.
2434:.
2410:.
2389:.
2366:.
2334:.
2309:.
2284:.
2259:.
2234:.
2209:.
2184:.
2159:.
2134:.
2109:.
2084:.
2059:.
2034:.
2009:.
1984:.
1959:.
1934:.
1909:.
1884:.
1859:.
1834:.
1809:.
1784:.
1759:.
1734:.
1709:.
1684:.
1659:.
1634:.
1610:.
1585:.
1560:.
1535:.
1510:.
1485:.
1460:.
1435:.
1410:.
1385:.
1360:.
1335:.
1310:.
1285:.
1260:.
1235:.
1210:.
159:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
