963:. The decision automatically cut them off from the state funding received by all legal political parties with Parliament representation. In spite of legal text forbidding its reorganization under another name, its members tried to use, ever since the outlawing, a plethora of local lists. Most of these lists were considered to be a front for Batasuna by the Spanish Supreme Court. This decision was confirmed by the Spanish Constitutional Court. The ban prohibits their representatives from contesting elections, holding public demonstrations or rallies and freezes their assets. On the 26th the Spanish parliament voted for an indefinite ban, 295 to 10. The party's main offices in
361:
769:. He was imprisoned in France after 1989, released after finishing his sentence and was transferred to Spanish prisons, where he stayed for two more years until his release by the Constitutional Court, which stipulated that he had served his prison term in France. He was included in the Batasuna electoral ticket and elected to the Basque parliament between 1999 and 2001, where he was appointed as his party's representative in the Human Rights commission at the
36:
1097:, a party described as "the new Batasuna", was launched. Unlike predecessor parties, Sortu claimed that it explicitly rejected politically motivated violence, including that of ETA; however it did not condemn the record of ETA nor ask for the disbandment of the armed organization. Sortu was banned in March 2011 from registering as a political party by the Supreme Court of Spain.
848:
claiming the council seats corresponding to the invalid votes (127,000, 10% of the total vote in the Basque
Country). For the Basque elections of 2005, Batasuna presented lists of candidates but they were dismissed as illegal. After the new election was held for the Basque regional parliament, Batasuna lost all their remaining elected representatives.
919:
leaders have referred sometimes to the ETA members as 'Basque soldiers', and justified their actions: "ETA does not use the armed struggle as a mean to defend this or that political project but to give democratic channels that enable the popular will to be expressed in full freedom." It is also common to refer to ETA militants as
773:, which, given his criminal background caused a stir in the rest of parties. He disappeared when the Spanish courts reopened cold charges and presented new ones about his current membership in ETA. Presently he lives in hiding and is considered one of the leaders of ETA that are pushing for negotiations.
1043:. There were more than 98,000 null votes in the Basque Autonomous Country and more than 15,000 in Navarre. HZ leaders interpreted the high rate of null votes, which was 12% of the total, to mean that most of the nulls were for HZ, since in the previous European elections the null vote was less than 1%.
1136:
The ECHR said that disbanding the parties was a response "to a pressing social need" given their ties to ETA. "Given the situation in Spain for several years regarding terrorist attacks, these ties can be considered objectively as a threat to democracy," the court said, also adding that these parties
942:
In 2002, started the first serious attempt by the
Spanish government to ban the party. In June, the parliament passed legislation that outlawed parties under certain conditions, on the grounds of their support for terrorism. In July Batasuna was fined €24 million for vandalism and street violence in
1140:
Similarly, when the outlawed
Batasuna tried to use Acción Nacionalista Vasca as a proxy to re-organize its ranks, in a different case the ECHR also upheld in 2011 the previous Spanish court rulings which had outlawed ANV, noting that this party had not run by itself in elections since 1977 and that
796:
In
September 2008, in what has been the closest to a disengagement of ETA so far, members of the party, while not condemning ETA's tactics whatsoever, did say the "political-military strategy" of the latter is an "obstacle" to aspirations for Basque independence. They called for a "unifying project
1058:
party announced that they were ready to bring the programs of
Batasuna to the Basque regional parliament. (EHAK had been legally registered in 2002 but had no known activity until 2005). The party could participate in those elections, but then was declared illegal by a court ruling because of ties
847:
While the party has been barred from formally taking part in elections since 2003 (see below), it has coordinated a variety of forms of participation (or "quantifiable non-participation") in recent elections. After the May 2003 provincial and local elections, followers of the local lists protested
1070:
a historical, yet basically inactive Basque party. This time, the
Spanish Supreme Court could make a quick assessment of ANV's municipal candidates, which resulted in roughly half of them being banned (because the candidates included people who had previously run for the illegal Herri Batasuna or
918:
The party denied any links to ETA. However, proponents of the party's illegalization pointed to a coincidence of
Batasuna and ETA's strategies. A significant number of Batasuna leaders have been imprisoned because of their activities in ETA. The party has never condemned any attack by ETA and its
820:
parliament have been historically slightly less than 15% of the total votes, reaching their highest result in 1999 (15.95% of the total votes) and their lowest in 1995 (9.22% of the total votes). In this territory other Basque pro-independence left wing parties which reject violence and so remain
1153:
In
September 2008, 14 people were detained by the French police, 10 of whom were from the French-wing of the party (including their spokesman Xabi Larralde), and charged with links to ETA. They were released four days later; it remained unclear whether the ongoing investigation would lead to an
934:
coalition in the 1990s and, finally, Batasuna. Members of the Basque left consider the
Spanish government's efforts against Batasuna and its successors to be part of an organized campaign targeting the social support for the independence movement. They point to government crackdowns against the
851:
Like those parties, representatives of EHAK refused to explicitly condemn the ETA attacks but, given the fact that elections were to be held in a matter of days, the courts did not have the time to assess EHAK's compliance with the Ley de
Partidos. The People's Party requested that the Spanish
792:
on 9 March 2006. On the morning of the strike, ETA detonated several bombs near highways, with no injuries. Employers reported scant overall participation in the strike, approximately 0.5% of private sector workers, 1% of government workers and 3–4% of workers in education. A few thousands of
1112:
In October 2008, demonstrations were held in Bilbao to protest a Supreme Court decision the month before to ban ANV and EHAK, because of their ties to Batasuna. The protesters had a banner that read "Freedom for Euskal Herria." The protests was organised by left-wing Basque nationalists. ANV
793:
Batasuna militants joined protests, while others blocked rail lines and roads and occupied municipal halls Batasuna leader Arnaldo Otegi was ordered to appear in court to answer for the bomb attacks and disruption, but delayed his appearance repeatedly on the grounds of illness.
1149:
Batasuna has a minor presence in the Basque French country, where it runs elections as a civic organization, not like a political party. In France it used to get a few hundred votes and did not reach any kind of representation at either local or regional level so far.
809:(under the three brands it has used, i.e., Herri Batasuna, Euskal Herritarrok and EHAK) oscillates around 15% of the total votes, its best result being the 18.33% achieved in 1990 and the lowest the 10.12% of the total votes obtained in 2001.
2006:
2056:
1074:
Then, in September 2008 the full legal inquiry on the party was finalized, ruling that ANV as a whole was illegal, due to ties with Batasuna-ETA. The Basque regional government, then led by a Basque nationalist coalition of the
227:). Jarrai-Haika-Segi, Gestoras pro-Amnistia, Askatasuna and other groups closely related to Batasuna were also declared illegal by different court rulings on the same charges of having collaborated with or being part of ETA.
1006:
In spite of the prohibition of reorganizing under different names in order to circumvent the legal ruling, Batasuna's ranks have tried a series of attempts to reorganize under new names, which include, among others,
947:
on 27 August to allow him to investigate the party links to ETA. Garzón and the government presented 23 arguments for the ban, focusing on the party's refusal to condemn ETA attacks, its reference to detainees as
1387:
840:. It also ruled some 62 local councils, and had members in many more. While it was fairly represented in all Basque and Navarrese Spanish territories, Batasuna counted as its stronghold the province of
2026:
1619:
344:. Otegi, like a number of other top-ranks in Herri Batasuna, had been a member of ETA and served several years in prison for bank assault. He is currently serving time in prison for ties with ETA.
274:(Herriko Alderdi Sozialista Iraultzailea or Revolutionary Socialist People's Party). The party won 150,000 votes in the Basque Country (15%) and 22,000 additional votes in Navarre (9%) in its first
168:
The party is included in the "European Union list of terrorist persons and organizations" as a component of ETA. Right after having been banned, Batasuna still managed to organize or support some
1695:
1046:
A more successful strategy for Batasuna proved to be the one of co-opting existing marginal parties giving the shortest possible notice before an election, so that there was no time for the
1086:
As a result of this pressure, for the first time since Herri Batasuna was formed, neither Batasuna nor its proxies could participate in the Basque regional parliament at the time of the
740:
844:. After being banned, Batasuna lost all its representatives in the Spanish Parliament, since regaining (under different names) some their seats in elections held after its banning.
333:) coalition, an acronym which got the best results to date for Basque left separatism in the Basque community, with 224,000 votes out of a total of 1,250,000 in the Basque election
2046:
926:
Since the 1980s, there had been talk of attempts to ban the party, which resulted in Batasuna frequently changing its name as part of the effort to avoid this, from the original
982:
Still, party activity did not cease completely, as proved by the fact that on 4 October 2007 twenty-three top members of Batasuna were arrested as they left a secret meeting in
907:
2036:
384:
379:
883:
obtaining their best results in the Basque autonomous community where they polled 15% and won three seats. In Navarre they polled almost 9% but failed to win a seat.
2021:
1203:
2041:
325:
Amid the first talk of the Spanish government investigating the ties of Herri Batasuna with ETA, in 1998 Herri Batasuna was the driving force of the newly formed
1391:
2051:
2001:
1362:
895:
1716:
1283:
1607:
733:
1991:
1623:
444:
1735:
1485:
655:
650:
1971:
1562:
754:
1644:
726:
1104:, which was first banned but then allowed to register. Currently, it is Bildu which represents at the Parliament the electoral base of Batasuna.
291:
998:. While sharing separatist aims with Batasuna, Aralar rejected political violence and ETA's assassinations and therefore remains a legal party.
244:
1760:
1670:
2061:
1966:
1891:
1862:
1839:
1820:
1800:
1341:
837:
599:
1976:
494:
190:
Batasuna's ranks and support base have been represented under different names since it was first declared legal in the late 1970s with the
943:
2001. Following an ETA car bomb attack on 4 August the Spanish parliament was recalled. The party was suspended for three years by Judge
2016:
215:
1087:
1051:
334:
279:
2031:
1981:
1872:
1033:
797:
for the pro-independence left" which would be aimed at creating an electoral list for regional elections to be held in Spring 2009.
471:
1910:
906:, which overall proved to be the party's worst performance in terms of vote share. At provincial level, their best results came in
1412:
2011:
1060:
557:
1439:
1130:
785:
278:
in March 1979. Thus, they won three seats in the Spanish Parliament, which they did not occupy. Same happened in 1980 in the
177:
1071:
Batasuna) while the other half was ruled lawful and could participate in the elections to be held shortly after the ruling.
202:. After having been outlawed in 2003, Batasuna's core support revamped yet again by co-opting the thus far marginal parties
1463:
960:
903:
899:
891:
887:
880:
638:
633:
628:
565:
541:
275:
1210:
1067:
952:, collaboration with other banned abertzale forces, and ETA's support in communiqués for Batasuna's political strategy.
713:
582:
248:
207:
96:
1486:"Elections to the Spanish Congress of Deputies - Results Lookup: March 1st, 1979 General Election Results - País Vasco"
1133:(ECHR). After a long legal inquiry, in July 2009 the ECHR backed the Spanish rulings banning Batasuna and its proxies.
1996:
806:
757:, alias Josu Ternera, the main leader of ETA between 1987 and 1989 and accused of a number of assassinations like the
1366:
1291:
1008:
569:
351:
282:, in which HB stood as second political force, with 151,636 votes (16.55%) winning 11 seats. Its absence allowed a
123:
939:, the radio station Herri Irratia and the network of pubs that were gathering places for the independentist left.
860:) found no evidence to support legal actions against the party. Batasuna asked their supporters to vote for EHAK.
590:
1157:
In January 2013, Batasuna in France announced its self-dissolution, citing a process of "political reflection".
1986:
1076:
781:
525:
310:
283:
1951:
1493:
1039:
HZ candidates in Spain then campaigned for using the French HZ ballot in Spain, which was to be counted as a
1036:. Spanish tribunals rejected it, as a successor of Batasuna. However, the HZ list in France remained legal.
603:
1256:
1587:
255:
169:
162:
1566:
1648:
1137:"contradicted the concept of a 'democratic society' and presented a major danger to Spain's democracy".
1047:
956:
758:
537:
313:
claimed responsibility for Muguruza's assassination. Suspicions also centered on Spanish neo-Nazi group
184:
983:
360:
1114:
1028:
504:
413:
1674:
1193:, p. 115: «It supports nationalism and is extremely left wing (anti-capitalist) in orientation»
1252:
1050:
to legally assess the lawfulness of this move before the election was held. Thus, for the regional
833:
594:
574:
287:
1941:
1337:
1236:
1235:
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna The following organisations are allegedly part of the terrorist group ETA:
949:
876:
199:
191:
151:
108:
43:
1922:
1903:
1884:
1608:"El nuevo partido de la izquierda abertzale se denomina 'Sortu'", La Vanguardia, 8 February 2011
944:
314:
829:- eroded Batasuna's support in a more significant way than in the Basque Autonomous Community.
1918:
1899:
1880:
1858:
1835:
1816:
1796:
1324:
1316:
1080:
864:
770:
586:
476:
439:
240:
113:
898:, the only occasion in which they have won a seat there. They lost their Navarre seat in the
1244:
968:
863:
In the Basque elections of 17 April 2005, EHAK obtained 150,188 votes (12.5%), entering the
449:
419:
267:
224:
220:
1248:
161:, it was banned in 2003, after a court ruling declared proven that the party was financing
1945:
1443:
1240:
1171:
976:
154:
142:
852:
government conducts investigations to ban EHAK-PCTV too, though the State Legal Service (
1911:"El compañero ausente y los aprendices de brujo: orígenes de Herri Batasuna(1974-1980)"
1166:
1012:
789:
578:
389:
195:
101:
1416:
1960:
1851:
1118:
341:
302:
183:
As an association and not as a political party, Batasuna had a minor presence in the
173:
48:
187:, where it remained legal as "Batasuna" until its self-dissolution in January 2013.
35:
995:
826:
777:
1436:
1023:. All have been legally banned for alleged ties to Batasuna and, in turn, to ETA.
1810:
1790:
1935:
1455:
409:
295:
1260:
1016:
499:
254:
Its constituent parties had been called together by senior Basque nationalist
239:, a coalition of leftist nationalist political groups mostly originating from
1129:
At the time of its outlawing in Spain, Batasuna lawyers took the case to the
994:
Prior to the outlaw effort, a dissenting minority had left the party to form
1792:
Secessionism and Separatism in Europe and Asia: To Have a State of One's Own
1040:
766:
1263:, Batasuna (also known as Herri Batasuna, also known as Euskal Herritarrok)
1141:
it basically conformed a "fraud" to circumvent the outlawing of Batasuna.
964:
955:
In 2003, Batasuna was declared illegal in Spain by a court ruling of the
841:
822:
762:
691:
681:
529:
263:
176:. The Spanish ruling was appealed before and, later on, confirmed by the
89:
1853:
Dining with terrorists: meetings with the world's most wanted militants
1413:"Official results of elections held in the Basque Autonomous Community"
813:
301:
Another well-known Herri Batasuna leader and newly elected Spanish MP,
259:
2007:
Defunct socialist parties in the Basque Country (autonomous community)
2057:
Banned political parties in the Basque Country (autonomous community)
972:
686:
533:
306:
290:. On 20 November 1984 Brouard was assassinated by two members of the
1437:
Official results of elections held in the Foral Community of Navarre
1101:
1094:
817:
784:
and other establishment targets, Batasuna together with the union
223:
and Gazteriak, now merged in Haika and Segi), and women's groups (
158:
1319:; Christopher Ross, Bill Richardson, and Begoña Sangrador-Vegas,
1055:
305:, was assassinated by right-wing extremists in November 1989 in
271:
203:
1620:"Sortu reniega de la violencia pero evita exigir el fin de ETA"
1717:"Estrasburgo respalda la anulación de las candidaturas de ANV"
1313:
ETA's Terrorist Campaign: From Violence to Politics, 1968-2015
1020:
910:
where the party topped the poll in the 1989 general election.
194:
to democracy. Thus, Batasuna's predecessors were the original
805:
Batasuna's support in the elections to the parliament of the
1032:("Citizens' List") was presented in Spain and France to the
1873:"El nacionalismo vasco radical ante la transición española"
1325:
https://books.google.com/books?id=2p_7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA100
1317:
https://books.google.com/books?id=2C9EDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT122
836:
and in the parliaments of Navarre and the provinces of the
294:. The killing is perhaps the only one performed by the GAL
219:
which includes social organizations, trade unions, youth (
1832:
Qué fue de ellos: El enigma de los etarras en el Uruguay
1952:
Ezker Abertzalea (Left Independentist) official website
243:
initially brought together to advocate for "no" in the
1059:
with Batasuna, which prevented it from contesting the
2027:
Organizations based in Europe designated as terrorist
1278:
1276:
1274:
1936:
BBC news story regarding call to stop armed conflict
1789:
Cabestan, Jean-Pierre; Pavković, Aleksandar (2013),
262:." Herri Batasuna's founding convention was held in
986:, accused of holding an illegal political meeting.
107:
95:
84:
69:
54:
42:
21:
1892:"Abertzale sí pero, ¿quién dijo que de izquierda?"
1850:
1311:Rafael Leonisio, Fernando Molina, and Diego Muro,
1100:Some members went on to form another party called
1645:"Spanish Constitutional Court lifts ban on Bildu"
1154:illegalization process similar to that in Spain.
967:were closed by the police and further offices in
1190:
875:Batasuna stood in a number of elections for the
1537:
1513:
1066:Then, the same strategy was tried by co-opting
894:where they won 5 seats, including one seat in
816:its results in the elections to the Navarrese
1125:Rulings of the European Court of Human Rights
734:
8:
2047:Political parties in Northern Basque Country
1390:. Gulf-times.com. 2008-09-29. Archived from
1809:Bruni, Luigi; Giacopucci, Giovanni (1994).
1388:"Basque separatists call ETA an 'obstacle'"
867:with nine seats (all but one being women).
340:The most recent public party spokesmen was
1812:ETA: historia política de una lucha armada
741:
727:
346:
34:
18:
1117:, and the former spokesman for Batasuna,
753:Another important member of Batasuna was
16:2001–2013 Basque political party in Spain
2037:Political parties disestablished in 2013
280:first elections to the Basque Parliament
1603:
1601:
1525:
1183:
349:
258:in a 1978 meeting called "the table of
235:The party was founded in April 1978 as
172:, public actions and several workplace
2022:Left-wing nationalist parties in Spain
1323:(Philadelphia: Routledge, 2016), 100,
1315:(Philadelphia: Routledge, 2016), 122,
2042:Political parties established in 2001
1365:. Conflicto-Vasco.com. Archived from
856:) and the Attorney General's Office (
780:street attacks on the offices of the
755:José Antonio Urrutikoetxea Bengoetxea
141:
7:
2052:Secessionist organizations in Europe
2002:Defunct nationalist parties in Spain
1549:
1204:"EU list of terrorist organizations"
902:and lost a further two seats in the
832:Batasuna had representatives in the
1734:Ormazabal, Mikel (4 October 2008).
216:Basque National Liberation Movement
1992:21st century in the Basque Country
1588:"Basque Leaders Arrested in Spain"
1466:from the original on 21 April 2010
1088:2009 Basque parliamentary election
1052:2005 Basque parliamentary election
14:
1344:from the original on 29 June 2010
1284:"Batasuna se disuelve en Francia"
1083:objected to these legal rulings.
1034:2004 European Parliament election
1925:, vol 148, 2010, pp. 71–103
1906:, vol 268, 2010, pp. 14–19.
1887:, vol 35, 2007, pp. 817–844
1290:. 3 January 2013. Archived from
359:
1972:2013 disestablishments in Spain
1909:Fernández Soldevilla, Gaizka, "
1890:Casquete Badallo, Jesús María,
1767:. ElPais.com. 24 September 2008
1061:2007 Spanish regional elections
923:, soldiers in Basque language.
890:. Their high point came in the
505:Municipal police - Udaltzaingoa
286:-only Basque Government led by
245:referendum to be held that year
88:Avda. Marcelo Zelaieta, nº 75,
1948: (archived August 8, 2003)
1871:Fernández Soldevilla, Gaizka,
1415:. .euskadi.net. Archived from
1131:European Court of Human Rights
788:convoked a day of protest and
786:Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
178:European Court of Human Rights
1:
1915:Revista de Estudios Políticos
1565:. El-Mundo.es. Archived from
1121:, were present in the march.
1009:Autodeterminaziorako Bilgunea
961:Constitutional Court of Spain
2062:Political parties in Navarre
1967:2001 establishments in Spain
1191:Cabestan & Pavković 2013
930:, then becoming part of the
776:Amid a period of separatist
1977:Banned secessionist parties
1815:. Vol. 2. Txalaparta.
1538:Bruni & Giacopucci 1994
1514:Bruni & Giacopucci 1994
858:Fiscalía General del Estado
854:Abogacía General del Estado
838:Basque Autonomous Community
807:Basque Autonomous Community
270:who was then the leader of
213:Batasuna was a part of the
2078:
2017:Far-left politics in Spain
1026:In May 2004, a list named
761:which killed 21 people at
500:Basque Police - Ertzaintza
352:Politics of Basque Country
124:Politics of Basque Country
1068:Acción Nacionalista Vasca
208:Acción Nacionalista Vasca
147:
119:
33:
2032:Pro-independence parties
1982:Banned socialist parties
959:, then confirmed by the
886:They lost a seat in the
782:Basque Nationalist Party
673:Administrative divisions
552:Former political parties
472:High Tribunal of Justice
276:Spanish general election
73:3 January 2013
1830:Parissi, Julio (2008).
1442:March 25, 2009, at the
765:- a shopping center in
109:Political position
2012:ETA (separatist group)
1877:Historia contemporánea
1002:Attempts to reorganize
879:. They first stood in
1490:electionresources.org
1363:"Conflicto-Vasco.com"
1257:Gestoras Pro-amnistía
1048:Spanish Supreme Court
957:Spanish Supreme Court
759:1987 Hipercor bombing
522:Parliamentary parties
298:within Spain itself.
185:French Basque Country
143:[baˈtas̪uˌna]
139:Basque pronunciation:
58:23 May 2001
1054:the so-far marginal
1029:Herritarren Zerrenda
374:Statutes of Autonomy
249:Spanish constitution
1849:Rees, Phil (2006).
1462:. August 27, 2002.
1456:"Profile: Batasuna"
950:political prisoners
834:European Parliament
440:Eusko Legebiltzarra
288:Carlos Garaikoetxea
256:Telesforo de Monzón
231:History and outline
165:with public money.
1997:Basque nationalism
1795:, Routledge, 246,
1723:. 7 December 2010.
1669:AFP (2008-10-04).
1592:The New York Times
1321:Contemporary Spain
1093:In February 2011,
984:Segura (Guipúzcoa)
932:Euskal Herritarrok
877:Spanish Parliament
871:Spanish Parliament
825:and specifically,
331:We Basque Citizens
327:Euskal Herritarrok
200:Euskal Herritarrok
192:Spanish Transition
157:. Based mainly in
152:Basque nationalist
1864:978-0-330-43305-1
1857:. Pan Macmillan.
1841:978-950-49-1471-6
1822:978-84-86597-70-2
1802:978-0-415-66774-6
1594:. 6 October 2007.
914:Outlawed in Spain
865:Basque Parliament
801:Electoral results
771:Basque Parliament
751:
750:
621:Recent elections
517:Political parties
241:Euskadiko Ezkerra
132:
131:
2069:
1942:Official website
1938:14 November 2004
1868:
1856:
1845:
1826:
1805:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1673:. Archived from
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1647:. Archived from
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1622:. Archived from
1616:
1610:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1528:, pp. 24–35
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1492:. Archived from
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1452:
1446:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
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1783:Bibliography
1769:. Retrieved
1764:
1761:"ElPais.com"
1755:
1744:. Retrieved
1742:. ElPais.com
1739:
1736:"ElPais.com"
1729:
1720:
1711:
1700:. Retrieved
1698:. Nasdaq.com
1696:"Nasdaq.com"
1690:
1679:. Retrieved
1675:the original
1671:"Google.com"
1664:
1653:. Retrieved
1649:the original
1639:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:the original
1614:
1591:
1582:
1571:. Retrieved
1567:the original
1557:
1545:
1540:, p. 56
1533:
1526:Parissi 2008
1521:
1509:
1498:. Retrieved
1494:the original
1489:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1459:
1450:
1432:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1407:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:the original
1382:
1371:. Retrieved
1367:the original
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1338:"ElMundo.es"
1332:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1287:
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1211:the original
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778:kale borroka
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489:Public order
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321:Recent times
300:
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189:
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134:
133:
85:Headquarters
44:Spokesperson
1834:. Planeta.
1113:president,
495:Home Office
410:Lehendakari
296:death squad
198:and, then,
146:; English:
1961:Categories
1771:2010-06-18
1746:2010-06-18
1702:2010-06-18
1681:2010-06-18
1655:2011-05-24
1630:2011-02-17
1573:2010-06-18
1500:2008-05-22
1423:2010-06-18
1398:2010-06-18
1373:2010-06-18
1348:2010-06-18
1298:2013-01-03
1261:Askatasuna
1220:2008-05-09
1178:References
1017:Askatasuna
935:newspaper
678:Provinces
434:Parliament
266:, home of
77:2013-01-03
62:2001-05-23
1923:0048-7694
1904:0210-2706
1885:1130-2402
1550:Rees 2006
1470:March 27,
1041:null vote
908:Guipúzcoa
767:Barcelona
616:Elections
477:Ombudsman
466:Judiciary
445:President
404:President
70:Dissolved
1464:Archived
1460:BBC News
1440:Archived
1342:Archived
1243:; Ekin,
1161:See also
1108:Reaction
965:Pamplona
921:Gudariak
842:Gipuzkoa
823:Batzarre
763:Hipercor
698:Comarcas
682:Gipuzkoa
562:Batasuna
530:EH Bildu
264:Lekeitio
150:) was a
135:Batasuna
114:Far-left
97:Ideology
90:Pamplona
27:Batasuna
1944:at the
1765:El País
1740:El País
1721:El País
1288:El País
896:Navarre
814:Navarre
591:EAE-ANV
570:DCV-EKD
260:Alsasua
247:on the
210:(ANV).
174:strikes
170:rallies
75: (
60: (
55:Founded
1921:
1902:
1883:
1861:
1838:
1819:
1799:
1245:Jarrai
1225:
996:Aralar
990:Schism
973:Bilbao
827:Aralar
687:Biscay
558:Aralar
534:PSE-EE
307:Madrid
225:Egizan
221:Jarrai
1894:, en
1249:Haika
1214:(PDF)
1207:(PDF)
1102:Bildu
1095:Sortu
818:Foral
692:Álava
159:Spain
148:Unity
24:Unity
1919:ISSN
1900:ISSN
1881:ISSN
1859:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1817:ISBN
1797:ISBN
1472:2010
1253:Segi
1241:Xaki
1079:and
1056:EHAK
975:and
937:Egin
881:1979
656:1979
651:1933
639:2024
634:2020
629:2016
600:HASI
595:EB-B
542:UPyD
414:List
385:1979
380:1936
272:HASI
206:and
204:EHAK
1237:KAS
1077:PNV
1021:D3M
1019:or
812:In
583:EIA
579:EuE
566:EMK
526:PNV
311:GAL
292:GAL
284:BNP
163:ETA
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1913:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
