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fractures during cooling, a problem worsened by the large tissue masses and very low temperatures of cryonics. Without cryoprotectants, cell shrinkage and high salt concentrations during freezing usually prevent frozen cells from functioning again after thawing. Ice crystals can also disrupt connections between cells that are necessary for organs to function.
394:; his corpse was cryopreserved in 2011. In 1981, Robert Nelson, "a former TV repairman with no scientific background" who led the Cryonics Society of California, was sued for allowing nine bodies to thaw and decompose in the 1970s; in his defense, he claimed that the Cryonics Society had run out of money. This lowered the reputation of cryonics in the U.S.
39:
810:
Cryonics, which began in the
Sixties, is the freezing â usually in liquid nitrogen â of human beings who have been legally declared dead. The aim of this process is to keep such individuals in a state of refrigerated limbo so that it may become possible in the future to resuscitate them, cure them of
505:
bioethicist David Shaw raises the argument that there would be no point in being revived in the far future if one's friends and families are dead, leaving them all alone, but he notes that family and friends can also be frozen, that there is "nothing to prevent the thawed-out freezee from making new
463:
said in 2004 that cryonics is impossible and will never be possible, as cryonics proponents are proposing to "overturn the laws of physics, chemistry, and molecular science". Neurobiologist
Michael Hendricks has said, "Reanimation or simulation is an abjectly false hope that is beyond the promise of
236:
It seems extremely unlikely that any cryonics company could exist long enough to take advantage of the supposed benefits offered: historically, even the most robust corporations have only a one-in-a-thousand chance of lasting 100 years. Many cryonics companies have failed; as of 2018, all but one of
132:
in saying that the brain does not have to be continuously active to survive or retain memory. Cryonicists controversially say that a human can survive even within an inactive, badly damaged brain, as long as the original encoding of memory and personality can be adequately inferred and reconstituted
498:
is uninterrupted when brain activity temporarily ceases during incidents of accidental drowning (where people have been restored to normal functioning after being completely submerged in cold water for up to 66 minutes), one argument against cryonics is that a centuries-long absence from life might
293:
persons because of laws that forbid vitrifying someone who is medically alive. In France, cryonics is not considered a legal mode of body disposal; only burial, cremation, and formal donation to science are allowed, though bodies may legally be shipped to other countries for cryonic freezing. As of
258:
step, sacrificing some structural preservation quality for less damage at the molecular level. Some scientists, like JoĂŁo Pedro MagalhĂŁes, have questioned whether using a deadly chemical for fixation eliminates the possibility of biological revival, making chemical fixation unsuitable for cryonics.
964:
A physician will pronounce a patient using the usual cardiorespiratory criteria, whereupon the patient is legally dead. Following this pronouncement, the rules pertaining to procedures that can be performed change radically because the individual is no longer a living patient but a corpse. In the
335:
in 2009, David Shaw examined cryonics. The arguments he cited against it included changing the concept of death, the expense of preservation and revival, lack of scientific advancement to permit revival, temptation to use premature euthanasia, and failure due to catastrophe. Arguments in favor of
306:
ruled in favor of a mother's right to seek cryopreservation of her terminally ill 14-year-old daughter, as the girl wanted, contrary to the father's wishes. The decision was made on the basis that the case represented a conventional dispute over the disposal of the girl's body, although the judge
288:
Historically, people had little control over how their bodies were treated after death, as religion held jurisdiction over the matter. But secular courts began to exercise jurisdiction over corpses and use discretion in carrying out deceased people's wishes. Most countries legally treat preserved
266:
Dayong Gao has said, "we simply don't know if been damaged to the point where they've 'died' during vitrification because the subjects are now inside liquid nitrogen canisters." Based on experience with organ transplants, biochemist Ken Storey argues that "even if you only wanted to preserve the
205:
Costs can include payment for medical personnel to be on call for death, vitrification, transportation in dry ice to a preservation facility, and payment into a trust fund intended to cover indefinite storage in liquid nitrogen and future revival costs. As of 2011, U.S. cryopreservation costs can
114:
Economic considerations make it difficult for cryonics corporations to remain in business long enough to take advantage of any long-term benefits. The "patients", being dead, cannot continue to pay for their own preservation. Early attempts at cryonic preservation were made in the 1960s and early
250:
Medical laboratories have long used cryopreservation to maintain animal cells, human embryos, and even some organized tissues, for periods as long as three decades. But recovering large animals and organs from a frozen state is not considered possible now. Large vitrified organs tend to develop
401:
startup called
Nectome was recognized for developing a method of preserving brains with chemicals rather than by freezing. The method is fatal, performed as euthanasia under general anesthesia, but the hope is that future technology will allow the brain to be physically scanned into a computer
197:
developed the first cryoprotectant solutions that could vitrify at very slow cooling rates while still allowing whole organ survival, for the purpose of banking transplantable organs. This has allowed animal brains to be vitrified, thawed, and examined for ice damage using light and
458:
While some neuroscientists contend that all the subtleties of a human mind are contained in its anatomical structure, few will comment directly on cryonics due to its speculative nature. People who intend to be frozen are often "looked at as a bunch of kooks". Cryobiologist
389:
says
Bedford's body was cryopreserved around two hours after his death by cardiorespiratory arrest (secondary to metastasized kidney cancer) on January 12, 1967. Bedford's corpse is the only one frozen before 1974 still preserved today. In 1976, Ettinger founded the
217:
As of 2014, about 250 corpses have been cryogenically preserved in the U.S., and around 1,500 people have signed up to have their remains preserved. As of 2016, there are four facilities that retain cryopreserved bodies, three in the U.S. and one in Russia.
298:
prohibits the sale of arrangements for cryonic body preservation. In Russia, cryonics falls outside both the medical industry and the funeral services industry, making it easier than in the U.S. to get hospitals and morgues to release cryonics candidates.
275:
Revival would require repairing damage from lack of oxygen, cryoprotectant toxicity, thermal stress (fracturing), and freezing in tissues that do not successfully vitrify, followed by reversing the cause of death. In many cases, extensive
127:
Cryonicists argue that as long as brain structure remains intact, there is no fundamental barrier, given our current understanding of physics, to recovering its information content. Cryonics proponents go further than the mainstream
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urged ministers to seek "proper regulation" for the future of cryonic preservation after the hospital raised concerns about the competence and professionalism of the team that conducted the preservation procedures. In
336:
cryonics include the potential benefit to society, the prospect of immortality, and the benefits associated with avoiding death. Shaw explores the expense and the potential payoff, and applies an adapted version of
361:
Cryopreservation was applied to human cells beginning in 1954 with frozen sperm, which was thawed and used to inseminate three women. The freezing of humans was first scientifically proposed by
Michigan professor
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1970s; most relied on family members to pay for the preservation and ended in failure, with all but one of the companies going out of business and the corpses thawed and disposed of. The remaining organization,
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Dayong Gao has said, "People can always have hope that things will change in the future, but there is no scientific foundation supporting cryonics at this time." While it is universally agreed that
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According to cryonicist
Aschwin de Wolf and others, cryonics can often produce intense hostility from spouses who are not cryonicists. James Hughes, the executive director of the pro-life-extension
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A business based on little more than hope for developments that can be imagined by science is quackery. There is little reason to believe that the promises of cryonics will ever be fulfilled
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had called him to ask detailed questions about his organisation, the
Cryonics Society of California. However, Nelson clarified that "They had him cremated. I personally have seen his ashes."
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initial cryopreservation protocol, the subject is intubated and mechanically ventilated, and a highly efficient mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation device reestablishes circulation.
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A survey in
Germany found that about half of the respondents were familiar with cryonics, and about half of those familiar with it had learned of it from films or television.
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Fahy, G; Wowk, B; Wu, J; Phan, J; Rasch, C; Chang, A; Zendejas, E (2005). "Corrigendum to "Cryopreservation of organs by vitrification: perspectives and recent advances" ".
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144:, in an attempt to preserve enough brain information to permit the revival of the cryopreserved person. Cryopreservation is accomplished by freezing, by freezing with
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In 2016, Charles Tandy wrote in support of cryonics, arguing that honoring someone's last wishes is seen as a benevolent duty in
American and many other cultures.
485:
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Fahy GM, Levy DI, Ali SE (June 1987). "Some
Emerging Principles Underlying the Physical Properties, Biological Actions, and Utility of Vitrification Solutions".
214:, charges $ 12,000 to $ 36,000 for the procedure. Some customers opt to have only their brain cryopreserved ("neuropreservation"), rather than their whole body.
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the condition that killed them, and then restore them to functioning life in an era when medical science has triumphed over the activities of the Grim Reaper.
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was a long-time cryonics advocate and signed up with a major cryonics provider, but changed his mind shortly before his death and was not cryopreserved.
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is a popular subject in science fiction and fantasy settings. It is often the means by which a character is transported into the future. The characters
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to avoid ice damage. Even using the best methods, cryopreservation of whole bodies or brains is very damaging and irreversible with current technology.
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commission against pseudoscience, said there was "no scientific basis" for cryonics, and that the company was based on "unfounded speculation".
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In 2015, Du Hong, a 61-year-old female writer of children's literature, became the first known Chinese national to have her head cryopreserved.
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and testability. In his view, cryonics is not science, but religion: it places faith in nonexistent technology and promises to overcome death.
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422:, as of 2008, while most cryonicists used to be young, male, and "geeky", recent demographics have shifted slightly toward whole families.
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and stored at just above freezing. The middle-aged woman from Los Angeles, whose name is unknown, was soon thawed and buried by relatives.
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Kaiser S, Gross D, Lohmeier J, Rosentreter M, Raschke J (2014). "Attitudes and acceptance toward the technology of cryonics in Germany".
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Tandy, Charles (8 February 2017). "An Open Letter to Physicians in Death-with-Dignity States (The Case of a Terminally Ill Cryonicist)".
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has written, "Cryonics might be a suitable subject for scientific research, but marketing an unproven method to the public is quackery".
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Lemler J, Harris SB, Platt C, Huffman TM (June 2004). "The arrest of biological time as a bridge to engineered negligible senescence".
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Cryonics can be expensive. As of 2018, the cost of preparing and storing corpses using cryonics ranged from US$ 28,000 to $ 200,000.
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2552:
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Fahy GM, Wowk B, Wu J, et al. (April 2004). "Cryopreservation of organs by vitrification: perspectives and recent advances".
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Cryonicists call the human remains packed into low-temperature vats "patients". They hope that some kind of presently nonexistent
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488:, has not personally signed up for cryonics, calling it a worthy experiment but saying, "I value my relationship with my wife."
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A detailed legal examination by Jochen Taupitz concludes that cryonic storage is legal in Germany for an indefinite period.
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Outside of cryonics firms and cryonics-linked interest groups, many scientists are very skeptical about cryonics methods.
229:. Founded in 2019 by Emil Kendziorra and Fernando Azevedo Pinheiro, it partners with the European Biostasis Foundation in
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2673:"Cheating death? Elderly writer is the first known Chinese to embrace cryogenics, her head now frozen by lab in Arizona"
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202:. No ice crystal damage was found; cellular damage was due to dehydration and toxicity of the cryoprotectant solutions.
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445:
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2143:
1985:
Fahy GM, Saur J, Williams RJ (October 1990). "Physical problems with the vitrification of large biological systems".
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to try to prevent ice formation during cryopreservation. It is not possible to reanimate a corpse that has undergone
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Fahy GM, MacFarlane DR, Angell CA, Meryman HT (August 1984). "Vitrification as an approach to cryopreservation".
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416:, cryonicists are predominantly non-religious white men, outnumbering women by about three to one. According to
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370:(1962). In 1966, the first human body was frozenâthough it had been embalmed for two monthsâby being placed in
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rejected members who practiced cryonics, and issued a public statement saying that cryonics is "not science".
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the pre-1973 batch had gone out of business, and their stored corpses have been defrosted and disposed of.
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1934:
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Smith Audrey U (1957). "Problems in the Resuscitation of Mammals from Body Temperatures Below 0 °C".
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technology and is certainly impossible with the frozen, dead tissue offered by the 'cryonics' industry".
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brain, it has dozens of different areas which would need to be cryopreserved using different protocols".
64:(usually at â196 °C or â320.8 °F or 77.1 K) and storage of human remains in the hope that
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2738:"'Insurance' against death: Russian cryonics firm plans Swiss lab for people in pursuit of eternal life"
1047:
Miller K (2004). "Cryonics redux: is vitrification a viable alternative to immortality as a popsicle?".
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The Skeptics Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions
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255:
129:
2020:
Wowk B (2011). "Systems for Intermediate Temperature Storage for Fracture Reduction and Avoidance".
1939:
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Scientists have expressed skepticism about cryonics in media sources, and the Norwegian philosopher
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1920:"Cryopreservation of complex systems: the missing link in the regenerative medicine supply chain"
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ordered the disinterment of Richardson, who was buried against his wishes, for cryopreservation.
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119:, uses a patient care trust to ensure that their preservations can be supported indefinitely.
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Doyle, DJ (2012). "Cryonic Life Extension: Scientific Possibility or Stupid Pipe Dream?".
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100:
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The first body to be cryopreserved and then frozen in hope of future revival was that of
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Karow, Armand; Webb, Watts (1965). "Tissue Freezing: A theory for injury and survival".
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1382:"Frozen in time: Oregon firm preserves bodies, brains in hopes that science catches up"
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25:. For the low-temperature preservation of living tissue and organisms in general, see
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will be able to bring the dead back to life and treat the diseases that killed them.
108:
104:
73:
2905:
1904:
1752:"'The ultimate lottery ticket:' Inside one of four cryonics facilities in the world"
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is the first non-U.S. vendor of cryonics services. Yevgeny Alexandrov, chair of the
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interrupt personal identity, such that the revived person would "not be themself".
455:
has written that the topic receives a "minuscule" amount of attention in academia.
418:
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65:
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1101:"Death To Dust: What Happens To Dead Bodies? 2nd Edition, Chapter 7: Souls On Ice"
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1811:"'Want to live longer? This Berlin startup aims to bring you back from the dead"
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230:
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111:, and 1,500 people had made arrangements for cryopreservation of their remains.
88:
3014:"Bitcoin's Earliest Adopter Is Cryonically Freezing His Body to See the Future"
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2024:. Vol. 2011, no. 3. Alcor Life Extension Foundation. pp. 7â13.
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69:
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1313:"200 Frozen Heads and Bodies Await Revival at This Arizona Cryonics Facility"
206:
range from $ 28,000 to $ 200,000, and are often financed via life insurance.
6062:
An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
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3313:, "A Final Turn-On Lifts Timothy Leary Off" by Marlise Simons, 22 April 1997
3074:"Peter Thiel: the billionaire tech entrepreneur on a mission to cheat death"
3013:
2603:"A startup is pitching a mind-uploading service that is "100 percent fatal""
1613:
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The corpses of some are mistakenly believed to have undergone cryonics. The
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Corpses subjected to the cryonics process include those of baseball players
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3216:"Jeffrey Epstein Wanted to Freeze His Head and Penis After Dying: Report"
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1861:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
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529:
290:
225:-based firm offering cryonics and standby and transportation services in
77:
2266:"Conseil d'Ătat du 06/01/2006, n° 260307: CryogĂ©nisation â interdiction"
921:
827:"Dying is the last thing anyone wants to do â so keep cool and carry on"
651:
frozen after death so that he could "seed the human race with his DNA".
506:
friends", and that a lonely existence may be preferable to none at all.
5976:
5876:
5809:
5719:
5672:
5639:
4916:
4556:
4523:
4368:
4316:
4077:
4015:
3828:
3708:
3431:
2802:"Brain Freeze: Can putting faith in cryonics deliver life after death?"
471:
writes that cryonics is a typical pseudoscience because of its lack of
441:
207:
179:
1219:
662:'s corpse was cryopreserved is false; it was cremated and interred at
178:
can stop ice formation completely. Cooling and solidification without
107:, in 1967. As of 2014, about 250 bodies had been cryopreserved in the
5784:
4869:
4566:
4336:
4204:
4128:
3770:
3251:
1888:
1332:"Ethics review: Dark angels â the problem of death in intensive care"
604:
226:
222:
2507:"The cryonics dilemma: will deep-frozen bodies be fit for new life?"
1476:
1474:
1071:"The cryonics dilemma: will deep-frozen bodies be fit for new life?"
72:
by the mainstream scientific community. It is generally viewed as a
2411:
Taupitz, Jochen; Fuhr, GĂŒnther; Zwick, Anna; Salkic, Amina (2013).
1348:
5358:
4452:
4432:
4373:
4171:
3628:
648:
233:
for long-term corpse storage. The facility was completed in 2022.
37:
280:
would be necessary. This revival technology remains speculative.
4979:
3340:
1756:
4983:
3601:
3360:
2576:"Dear Dr. Bedford (and those who will care for you after I do)"
2982:"L. Stephen Coles dies at 73; studied extreme aging in humans"
2209:. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business in New York. p. 507.
603:
People known to have arranged for cryonics upon death include
433:
Cryonics is generally regarded as a fringe pseudoscience. The
21:
For the study of the production of very low temperatures, see
2878:
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care
2105:"Mammal brain frozen and thawed out perfectly for first time"
1641:
1639:
3183:
Stewart JB, Goldstein M, Silver-Greenberg J (31 July 2019).
1784:
759:
that he thought Walt Disney wanted to be cryopreserved, for
83:
Cryonics procedures can begin only after the "patients" are
5431:
3356:
3280:"Disney on Ice: The Truth About Walt Disney and Cryogenics"
865:"Mainstream science is frosty over keeping the dead on ice"
2356:"Terminally ill teen won historic ruling to preserve body"
2228:
2226:
1414:"Things to consider when making your decision on cryonics"
2293:"Freezer failure ends couple's hopes of life after death"
68:
may be possible in the future. Cryonics is regarded with
42:
Technicians preparing a body for cryopreservation in 1985
3597:
1483:"Physical and biological aspects of renal vitrification"
254:
Some cryonics organizations use vitrification without a
221:
A more recent development is Tomorrow Biostasis GmbH, a
91:. Procedures may begin within minutes of death, and use
3185:"Jeffrey Epstein Hoped to Seed Human Race With His DNA"
2487:"Fatherhood After Death Has Now Been Proved Possible".
2326:"Immortality sought through B.C. Supreme Court lawsuit"
3127:"Was Larry King Cryogenically Frozen After his Death?"
2770:"The Quest to Upload Your Mind into the Digital Space"
2079:"Alcor Position Statement on Brain Preservation Prize"
588:(in 2002 and 2004, respectively), engineer and doctor
2630:
2628:
2452:
Shaw, David. "Cryoethics: seeking life after death",
2081:. Alcor Life Extension Foundation. 12 February 2016.
1840:
Crippen DW, Reis RJ, Risco R, Vita N (October 2015).
1679:"A Dying Young Woman's Hope in Cryonics and a Future"
1481:
Fahy GM, Wowk B, Pagotan R, et al. (July 2009).
950:. Decker Intellectual Properties Inc. pp. 1â10.
781:
779:
3154:"Larry King Is Preparing for the Final Cancellation"
821:
819:
6041:
6005:
5832:
5665:
5595:
5399:
5134:
5121:
5026:
4675:
4605:
4491:
4445:
4307:
4195:
4137:
4086:
4075:
4068:
3983:
3920:
3642:
3635:
3574:
3491:
3455:
3394:
2545:"Suspension Failures â Lessons from the Early Days"
2736:
2671:
2636:
2448:
2446:
948:ACS Surgery: Principles and Practice critical care
1135:Moen, OM (August 2015). "The case for cryonics".
562:festival to commemorate a substandard attempt at
3447:Shandong Yinfeng Life Science Research Institute
2833:Dein S (2022). "Cryonics: Science or Religion".
3049:: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future
2386:"Alcor Life Extension Foundation v. Richardson"
979:"Scientific justification of cryonics practice"
486:Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies
5020:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
4995:
3613:
3372:
2134:
2132:
634:once arranged for cryonics but, according to
76:, and its practice has been characterized as
8:
901:A Consumer's Guide to "Alternative" Medicine
103:. The first corpse to be frozen was that of
3105:"Quora Answers 2015 â 2022 by David Pearce"
2417:. St. Ingbert, Germany: Fraunhofer Verlag.
2205:Dukeminier, Jesse; Sitkoff, Robert (2013).
2140:"Frozen body: Can we return from the dead?"
1286:Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine
136:Cryonics uses temperatures below â130
99:, as that damages the brain, including its
5131:
5002:
4988:
4980:
4083:
4072:
3639:
3620:
3606:
3598:
3379:
3365:
3357:
3051:. Crown Business. p. 1 (chapter 14).
2500:
2498:
1594:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1214:
1212:
1178:
1176:
1042:
1040:
210:, which stores bodies communally in large
6128:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
6069:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
1938:
1506:
1357:
1347:
1200:
1005:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2200:
2198:
2196:
894:
892:
700:Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation
576:List of people who arranged for cryonics
6033:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
942:Hendry, Robert; Crippen, David (2014).
775:
746:
2951:"Leukemia claims son of Hall of Famer"
2680:from the original on 20 September 2015
2519:from the original on 23 September 2018
2291:Chrisafis, Angelique (16 March 2006).
1424:from the original on 30 September 2019
1298:10.1615/EthicsBiologyEngMed.2013006985
1262:
1230:from the original on 30 September 2019
592:(in 2014), economist and entrepreneur
3970:List of ways people dishonor the dead
3247:"FACT CHECK: Was Walt Disney Frozen?"
2992:from the original on 27 December 2017
2431:from the original on 27 December 2018
2366:from the original on 18 November 2016
2336:from the original on 21 February 2016
2085:from the original on 15 February 2016
1791:from the original on 15 November 2023
1732:from the original on 8 September 2016
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
7:
3483:Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation
3292:from the original on 10 January 2019
3259:from the original on 23 January 2021
3245:Mikkelson, David (19 October 1995).
3226:from the original on 31 October 2019
3164:from the original on 6 December 2019
3084:from the original on 18 October 2014
2613:from the original on 23 January 2021
1966:from the original on 25 October 2017
1720:"Inside the weird world of cryonics"
1185:"The growth and decline of cryonics"
1081:from the original on 24 January 2019
954:from the original on 23 January 2021
858:
856:
854:
680:Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation
3278:Conradt, Stacy (15 December 2013).
2961:from the original on 5 January 2016
2601:Regalado, Antonio (13 March 2018).
2505:Devlin, Hannah (18 November 2016).
2392:from the original on 7 January 2017
2305:from the original on 8 January 2014
1821:from the original on 11 August 2023
912:
910:
695:Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
6082:James Randi Educational Foundation
3975:List of ways people honor the dead
3044:Thiel, Peter (16 September 2014).
3025:from the original on 3 August 2018
3011:Greenberg, Andy (29 August 2014).
2980:Steve Chawkins (4 December 2014).
2814:from the original on 12 March 2016
2670:Stephen Chen (18 September 2015).
2582:from the original on 16 March 2020
2555:from the original on 16 April 2020
2543:Perry, R. Michael (October 2014).
2146:from the original on 12 March 2016
1842:"The Science Surrounding Cryonics"
1691:from the original on 2 August 2018
1330:Crippen, DW; Whetstine, L (2007).
1107:from the original on 27 March 2019
863:Steinbeck RL (29 September 2002).
664:Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery
14:
4006:GompertzâMakeham law of mortality
3195:from the original on 31 July 2019
3072:Brown, Mick (19 September 2014).
2782:from the original on 3 March 2016
2749:from the original on 28 July 2019
2716:from the original on 1 April 2019
2234:"Patients who are frozen in time"
2117:from the original on 16 June 2016
1659:from the original on 14 June 2018
1394:from the original on 11 July 2017
877:from the original on 17 July 2019
5479:StraussâHowe generational theory
5457:Moon landing conspiracy theories
5254:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
4963:
4954:
4953:
2921:"Home Cryonics in the Smirk Age"
2835:Journal of Religion & Health
2651:from the original on 16 May 2016
2549:ALCOR: Life Extension Foundation
2246:from the original on 12 May 2019
1765:from the original on 4 July 2017
903:. Prometheus Books. p. 173.
839:from the original on 3 July 2017
800:from the original on 8 July 2017
626:, and transhumanist philosopher
6107:The Natural History of Quackery
6049:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
4964:
3407:Alcor Life Extension Foundation
3337:The Public Radio Exchange (PRX)
2735:Luhn, Alex (11 November 2017).
2700:"Position Statement - Cryonics"
2324:Proctor, Jason (16 July 2015).
1250:"The Alcor Patient Care Trusts"
944:"Brain Failure and Brain Death"
725:Targeted temperature management
353:Cryopreservation § History
310:Alcor Life Extension Foundation
29:. For the Hot Cross album, see
3335:. Episode 354. 18 April 2008.
3152:Leibovich M (26 August 2015).
2927:. ViceLand.com. Archived from
1918:Fahy GM, Wowk B, Wu J (2006).
1647:"Cryonics: the chilling facts"
1579:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.03.002
1544:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2004.02.002
516:Suspended animation in fiction
402:simulation, neuron by neuron.
1:
4026:Maternal mortality in fiction
3417:Brain Preservation Foundation
2635:Howley, Kerry (7 July 2010).
2179:10.1016/s0011-2240(65)80094-3
1311:Germain J (21 October 2022).
1202:10.1080/23311886.2016.1167576
1151:10.1136/medethics-2015-102715
786:McKie, Robin (13 July 2002).
6114:The Psychology of the Occult
5369:Traditional Chinese medicine
5244:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
5101:Superseded scientific theory
3940:Expressions related to death
3893:Medical declaration of death
3546:Raymond and Monique Martinot
3214:Croucher S (1 August 2019).
2919:McPheeters, Sam (May 2010).
2676:. South China Morning Post.
2142:. BBC News. 15 August 2013.
2057:10.1016/0011-2240(87)90023-X
1999:10.1016/0011-2240(90)90038-6
1457:10.1016/0011-2240(84)90079-8
647:wanted to have his head and
148:to reduce ice damage, or by
5725:Electronic voice phenomenon
5582:MyersâBriggs Type Indicator
5442:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
3960:Preventable causes of death
3463:Information-theoretic death
2644:The New York Times Magazine
2638:"Until Cryonics Do Us Part"
788:"Cold facts about cryonics"
643:Sex offender and financier
446:Russian Academy of Sciences
368:The Prospect of Immortality
6203:
6121:The Ragged Edge of Science
5852:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
5795:Pseudoscientific metrology
5319:Miracle Mineral Supplement
3516:Fred and Linda Chamberlain
2847:10.1007/s10943-020-01166-6
2574:Darwin, Mike (July 1991).
2207:Wills, Trusts, and Estates
1269:: CS1 maint: url-status (
573:
513:
350:
20:
16:Freezing of a human corpse
5735:Facilitated communication
5017:
4949:
4327:Consciousness after death
4250:
3814:
3412:American Cryonics Society
3109:The Hedonistic Imperative
2890:10.1017/S0266462313000718
2458:23.9 (2009): 515â521. APA
1138:Journal of Medical Ethics
60:, meaning "cold") is the
54:
6135:The Skeptic's Dictionary
5693:Biological transmutation
5613:Faster-than-light travel
5587:Enneagram of Personality
5553:Recovered-memory therapy
5437:9/11 conspiracy theories
4728:Personification of death
3950:People by cause of death
3442:Suspended Animation, Inc
2768:Jerry Adler (May 2015).
2388:. 785 N.W.2d 717. 2010.
730:Technological utopianism
596:, and software engineer
174:At high concentrations,
163:has also been proposed.
62:low-temperature freezing
6100:The Demon-Haunted World
6018:Bourgeois pseudoscience
5452:COVID-19 misinformation
5391:Young blood transfusion
5162:Anthroposophic medicine
4805:Death-positive movement
4650:Post-mortem photography
3930:Causes of death by rate
3858:Death by natural causes
2707:Society for Cryobiology
1614:10.1196/annals.1297.104
753:Robert Nelson told the
435:Society for Cryobiology
357:Embryo cryopreservation
6187:Scientific speculation
5932:Corentin Louis Kervran
5800:Rapid prompting method
5688:Biodynamic agriculture
5678:Aquatic ape hypothesis
5536:Historical negationism
5239:Doctrine of signatures
5106:True-believer syndrome
4840:Fascination with death
4478:Reincarnation research
4473:Out-of-body experience
3935:Notable deaths by year
3776:Immunogenic cell death
3692:Temporal lobe necrosis
3437:Life Extension Society
1949:10.1089/rej.2006.9.279
1881:10.1098/rspb.1957.0077
1418:Human Tissue Authority
1224:Human Tissue Authority
1189:Cogent Social Sciences
977:Best BP (April 2008).
543:exemplify this trope.
43:
5937:The Light (newspaper)
5922:William Donald Kelley
5815:Voice stress analysis
5447:Climate change denial
5386:Wind turbine syndrome
5381:Vertebral subluxation
5274:Germ theory denialism
4645:Post-mortem chemistry
4458:Near-death experience
4354:Desecration of graves
4290:Postmortem caloricity
4255:Beating heart cadaver
3699:Programmed cell death
3667:Liquefactive necrosis
3402:21st Century Medicine
2607:MIT Technology Review
2414:Unterbrochenes Leben?
1927:Rejuvenation Research
1846:MIT Technology Review
1687:. 12 September 2015.
1420:. 26 September 2018.
1226:. 26 September 2018.
1220:"The law on cryonics"
1183:Stodolsky DS (2016).
998:10.1089/rej.2008.0661
986:Rejuvenation Research
503:Maastricht University
316:Iowa Court of Appeals
302:In 2016, the English
186:. In the late 1990s,
41:
6172:Fictional technology
5927:Robert F. Kennedy Jr
5887:Ignatius L. Donnelly
5558:Past life regression
5417:Arabian Judah theory
5364:Traditional medicine
5157:Alternative medicine
5086:Pathological science
4835:Festival of the Dead
4733:Dying-and-rising god
4688:Chinese burial money
4577:Prohibition of dying
4529:Death-qualified jury
4295:Post-mortem interval
3955:Premature obituaries
3662:Coagulative necrosis
3327:"Mistakes Were Made"
2775:Smithsonian Magazine
2489:Cedar Rapids Gazette
2362:. 18 November 2016.
2242:. 14 February 2008.
1785:"Tomorrow Biostasis"
1761:. 18 February 2016.
1728:. 18 December 2015.
1499:10.4161/org.5.3.9974
1390:. 18 February 2016.
1317:Smithsonian Magazine
1069:(18 November 2016).
918:Carroll, Robert Todd
640:, changed his mind.
560:Frozen Dead Guy Days
241:Obstacles to success
182:formation is called
167:Cryonics in practice
6023:Demarcation problem
5857:Brigitte Boisselier
5486:Hollow Earth theory
5469:Generational theory
5167:Applied kinesiology
4895:Philosophy of death
4760:Death from laughter
4060:Perinatal mortality
3801:Mitotic catastrophe
3781:Ischemic cell death
3724:Intrinsic apoptosis
3672:Gangrenous necrosis
3587:Anti-aging movement
3556:Thomas K. Donaldson
3478:Suspended animation
3427:Immortalist Society
3115:on 16 January 2022.
1873:1957RSPSB.147..533S
1817:. 26 January 2023.
1606:2004NYASA1019..559L
920:(5 December 2013).
835:. 10 October 2015.
761:Walt Disney Studios
586:John Henry Williams
556:Nederland, Colorado
521:Suspended animation
278:tissue regeneration
246:Preservation damage
200:electron microscopy
133:from what remains.
6162:Cooling technology
6093:Skeptical Inquirer
5992:Paul Joseph Watson
5967:Hans Alfred Nieper
5805:Statement analysis
5755:Intelligent design
5630:Reactionless drive
5464:Conversion therapy
5412:Ancient astronauts
5299:Leaky gut syndrome
5279:HIV/AIDS denialism
5034:Cargo cult science
4941:Thanatosensitivity
4845:Hierarchy of death
4785:Death notification
4693:Coins for the dead
4625:Forensic pathology
4509:Capital punishment
4463:Near-death studies
4055:Mortality salience
3687:Fibrinoid necrosis
3657:Avascular necrosis
3422:Cryonics Institute
3332:This American Life
3311:The New York Times
3189:The New York Times
2810:. 6 October 2015.
1684:The New York Times
558:, hosts an annual
550:In popular culture
535:Khan Noonien Singh
413:The New York Times
392:Cryonics Institute
44:
6144:
6143:
6055:Cults of Unreason
6028:Scientific method
5957:Ministry of Ayush
5902:Nicholas Gonzalez
5828:
5827:
5765:Law of attraction
5745:Flat Earth theory
5625:Quantum mysticism
5565:Scientific racism
5521:Pseudoarchaeology
5427:Conspiracy theory
5125:characterized as
5069:Pseudomathematics
5059:Pseudoarchaeology
4977:
4976:
4713:Death anniversary
4708:Death and culture
4552:Dying declaration
4534:Death certificate
4441:
4440:
4303:
4302:
4155:Neuropreservation
3945:Natural disasters
3916:
3915:
3595:
3594:
3468:Neuropreservation
3133:. 27 January 2021
3058:978-0-8041-3929-8
2986:Los Angeles Times
2709:. November 2018.
2424:978-3-8396-0593-6
2272:on 7 January 2014
2216:978-1-4548-2457-2
899:Butler K (1992).
756:Los Angeles Times
496:personal identity
479:William T. Jarvis
461:Kenneth B. Storey
340:to the question.
256:chemical fixation
6194:
5997:Andrew Wakefield
5698:Creation science
5657:Water-fueled car
5619:Perpetual motion
5541:Holocaust denial
5511:Nibiru cataclysm
5506:Nazi archaeology
5309:Macrobiotic diet
5132:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4981:
4967:
4966:
4957:
4956:
4937:
4922:Assisted suicide
4820:Death trajectory
4635:Mortuary science
4630:Funeral director
4621:
4587:Suspicious death
4359:Eternal oblivion
4145:Cryopreservation
4084:
4073:
4011:Infant mortality
4001:Excess mortality
3903:Terminal illness
3888:Lazarus syndrome
3873:End-of-life care
3824:Accidental death
3677:Caseous necrosis
3640:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3599:
3541:Curtis Henderson
3381:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3348:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3111:. Archived from
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3016:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2957:. 7 March 2004.
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2841:(4): 3164â3176.
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2740:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2704:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2675:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2640:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2540:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2465:
2459:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2268:. Archived from
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2202:
2191:
2190:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1942:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1716:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1655:. 26 July 2011.
1643:
1634:
1633:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1387:Portland Tribune
1378:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1132:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1018:. Archived from
1009:
983:
974:
968:
967:
961:
959:
939:
933:
932:
914:
905:
904:
896:
887:
886:
884:
882:
860:
849:
848:
846:
844:
823:
814:
813:
807:
805:
783:
764:
751:
590:L. Stephen Coles
564:cryopreservation
440:Russian company
296:British Columbia
142:cryopreservation
123:Conceptual basis
56:
31:Cryonics (album)
27:Cryopreservation
6202:
6201:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6037:
6013:Bogdanov affair
6001:
5981:Claude Vorilhon
5867:Robert Charroux
5842:Sucharit Bhakdi
5834:
5824:
5661:
5591:
5531:Genocide denial
5496:Japhetic theory
5491:Indigo children
5407:2012 phenomenon
5395:
5339:Patent medicine
5259:Energy medicine
5232:Colon cleansing
5217:Crystal healing
5152:Adrenal fatigue
5126:
5124:
5117:
5022:
5013:
5008:
4978:
4973:
4945:
4931:
4875:Museum of Death
4825:Dignified death
4780:Death messenger
4755:Death education
4671:
4615:
4601:
4539:Declared death
4487:
4437:
4394:Online mourning
4299:
4265:Cadaveric spasm
4246:
4191:
4133:
4124:Skeletonization
4064:
3996:Child mortality
3991:Birthday effect
3979:
3912:
3908:Unnatural death
3839:Brainstem death
3810:
3749:Pseudoapoptosis
3631:
3626:
3596:
3591:
3570:
3501:Robert Ettinger
3487:
3451:
3390:
3385:
3355:
3325:
3322:
3320:Further reading
3317:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3103:Pearce, David.
3102:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2931:on 17 July 2011
2918:
2917:
2913:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2743:Daily Telegraph
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2542:
2541:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2491:. 9 April 1954.
2486:
2485:
2481:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2451:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2425:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2239:TheGuardian.com
2232:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2204:
2203:
2194:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2019:
2018:
2014:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1940:10.1.1.539.7419
1922:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1867:(929): 533â44.
1858:
1857:
1853:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1725:Financial Times
1718:
1717:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1652:The Independent
1645:
1644:
1637:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1145:(18): 493â503.
1134:
1133:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1025:on 21 July 2018
1022:
981:
976:
975:
971:
957:
955:
941:
940:
936:
916:
915:
908:
898:
897:
890:
880:
878:
870:Chicago Tribune
862:
861:
852:
842:
840:
825:
824:
817:
803:
801:
785:
784:
777:
773:
768:
767:
752:
748:
743:
738:
676:
645:Jeffrey Epstein
624:Anders Sandberg
578:
572:
552:
518:
512:
467:Anthropologist
453:Ole Martin Moen
431:
408:
372:liquid nitrogen
364:Robert Ettinger
359:
349:
327:
286:
273:
248:
243:
176:cryoprotectants
169:
125:
101:neural circuits
93:cryoprotectants
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6200:
6198:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6177:Life extension
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6149:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6045:
6043:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6009:
6007:
6006:Related topics
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5987:Randolph Stone
5984:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5962:Theodor Morell
5959:
5954:
5952:Joseph Mercola
5949:
5947:Jenny McCarthy
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5912:Graham Hancock
5909:
5907:Goop (company)
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5882:Vernon Coleman
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5838:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5647:Teleportationâ
5644:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5575:Melanin theory
5572:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5523:
5518:
5516:Parapsychology
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5466:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5401:
5400:Social science
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5349:Primal therapy
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5314:Magnet therapy
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5227:Detoxification
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5129:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5112:Voodoo Science
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5054:Fringe science
5046:
5041:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5007:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4984:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4961:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4683:Apparent death
4679:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4514:Cause of death
4511:
4506:
4504:Administration
4501:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4275:Death erection
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4210:Natural burial
4201:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4081:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4043:Mortality rate
4040:
4035:
4028:
4023:
4021:Maternal death
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3965:Unusual deaths
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3898:Organ donation
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3846:Clinical death
3843:
3842:
3841:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3582:Life extension
3578:
3576:
3575:Related topics
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3551:Robert Prehoda
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3497:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3473:Mind uploading
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3361:
3354:
3353:External links
3351:
3350:
3349:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3303:
3270:
3237:
3206:
3175:
3158:New York Times
3144:
3131:Inside Edition
3118:
3095:
3064:
3057:
3036:
3003:
2972:
2942:
2911:
2868:
2825:
2793:
2760:
2727:
2691:
2662:
2624:
2593:
2566:
2530:
2494:
2479:
2460:
2442:
2423:
2403:
2377:
2347:
2316:
2283:
2257:
2222:
2215:
2192:
2157:
2128:
2096:
2070:
2051:(3): 196â213.
2035:
2012:
1993:(5): 492â510.
1977:
1933:(2): 279â291.
1910:
1851:
1832:
1802:
1776:
1759:(CBS Portland)
1743:
1702:
1670:
1635:
1600:(1): 559â563.
1584:
1557:
1522:
1470:
1435:
1405:
1373:
1349:10.1186/cc5138
1322:
1303:
1276:
1241:
1208:
1195:(1): 1167576.
1172:
1118:
1092:
1067:Devlin, Hannah
1058:
1036:
992:(2): 493â503.
969:
934:
906:
888:
850:
815:
774:
772:
769:
766:
765:
745:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
732:
727:
722:
717:
715:Life extension
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
685:Brain in a vat
682:
675:
672:
637:Inside Edition
617:transhumanists
571:
570:Notable people
568:
551:
548:
514:Main article:
511:
508:
473:falsifiability
430:
427:
407:
404:
348:
345:
338:Pascal's Wager
326:
323:
285:
282:
272:
269:
247:
244:
242:
239:
188:cryobiologists
168:
165:
161:Mind uploading
157:nanotechnology
146:cryoprotectant
124:
121:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6199:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6182:Pseudoscience
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6167:Death customs
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6104:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6076:Fortean Times
6073:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6004:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5872:Deepak Chopra
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5835:pseudoscience
5831:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5703:Cryptozoology
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5603:Anti-gravityâ
5601:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5526:Pseudohistory
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:Generationism
5472:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5432:5G conspiracy
5430:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5422:Catastrophism
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5269:FasciaBlaster
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5207:Correactology
5205:
5203:
5202:Chromotherapy
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5127:pseudoscience
5120:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5064:Pseudohistory
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5049:Fringe theory
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5016:
5012:
5011:Pseudoscience
5005:
5000:
4998:
4993:
4991:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4970:
4962:
4960:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Death anxiety
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4703:Darwin Awards
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4660:Biostratinomy
4658:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4572:Necropolitics
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4406:Reincarnation
4404:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4309:Other aspects
4306:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4260:Body donation
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:Dismemberment
4225:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4172:Mummification
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4129:Fossilization
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4119:Decomposition
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4094:Pallor mortis
4092:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3566:Charles Platt
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:James Bedford
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:Organizations
3393:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3304:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3271:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3241:
3238:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3207:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3176:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3145:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3096:
3083:
3079:
3078:The Telegraph
3075:
3068:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3040:
3037:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3007:
3004:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2764:
2761:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2731:
2728:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2663:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2594:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2407:
2404:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2317:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2173:(3): 99â108.
2172:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2110:New Scientist
2106:
2100:
2097:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1538:(2): 157â78.
1537:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:(3): 167â75.
1492:
1488:
1487:Organogenesis
1484:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1451:(4): 407â26.
1450:
1446:
1439:
1436:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Critical Care
1333:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1292:(1â3): 9â28.
1291:
1287:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
973:
970:
966:
953:
949:
945:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
913:
911:
907:
902:
895:
893:
889:
876:
872:
871:
866:
859:
857:
855:
851:
838:
834:
833:
828:
822:
820:
816:
812:
799:
795:
794:
789:
782:
780:
776:
770:
762:
758:
757:
750:
747:
740:
735:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:
673:
671:
669:
668:Timothy Leary
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
641:
639:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
577:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
549:
547:
544:
542:
541:
536:
532:
531:
526:
525:Philip J. Fry
522:
517:
509:
507:
504:
500:
497:
493:
492:Cryobiologist
489:
487:
482:
480:
476:
474:
470:
465:
462:
456:
454:
449:
447:
443:
438:
436:
428:
426:
423:
421:
420:
415:
414:
410:According to
405:
403:
400:
395:
393:
388:
384:
380:
379:James Bedford
375:
373:
369:
365:
358:
354:
346:
344:
341:
339:
334:
333:
324:
322:
319:
317:
313:
312:v. Richardson
311:
305:
300:
297:
292:
283:
281:
279:
270:
268:
265:
264:Cryobiologist
260:
257:
252:
245:
240:
238:
234:
232:
228:
224:
219:
215:
213:
209:
203:
201:
196:
192:
189:
185:
184:vitrification
181:
177:
172:
166:
164:
162:
158:
153:
151:
150:vitrification
147:
143:
139:
134:
131:
122:
120:
118:
112:
110:
109:United States
106:
105:James Bedford
102:
98:
97:vitrification
94:
90:
86:
81:
79:
75:
74:pseudoscience
71:
67:
63:
59:
52:
48:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6074:
6067:
6060:
6053:
5942:Mike Lindell
5862:Rhonda Byrne
5833:Promoters of
5820:Water memory
5760:Laundry ball
5652:Tractor beam
5608:Cold fusionâ
5304:Lunar effect
5249:Ear candling
5211:
5197:Chiropractic
5187:Bloodletting
5177:Bates method
5147:Aromatherapy
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4640:Necrobiology
4582:Right to die
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4499:Abortion law
4423:Resurrection
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4270:Coffin birth
4177:Plastination
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4114:Putrefaction
4109:Rigor mortis
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3047:Zero to One
2965:18 February
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2807:Toronto Sun
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2167:Cryobiology
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2045:Cryobiology
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4860:Last rites
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3644:Cell death
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3345:Transcript
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5708:Dianetics
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5548:Pseudolaw
5354:Radionics
5329:Palmistry
5294:Iridology
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5039:Charlatan
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4900:Predation
4865:Longevity
4655:Taphonomy
4592:Trust law
4547:Death row
4332:Afterlife
4285:Gibbeting
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4187:Taxidermy
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3984:Mortality
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3719:Autophagy
3714:Apoptosis
3536:Dora Kent
3531:Saul Kent
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