452:
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500:
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404:
428:
512:
488:
584:
34:
476:
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2400:
831:
Physical therapy is usually recommended to prevent muscle atrophy and to regain muscle strength and range of motion. Many individuals with dermatomyositis may need a topical ointment, such as topical corticosteroids, for their skin disorder. They should wear high-protection sunscreen and protective
906:
The cutaneous manifestations of dermatomyositis may or may not improve with therapy in parallel with the improvement of the myositis. In some people, the weakness and rash resolve together. In others, the two are not linked, with one or the other being more challenging to control. Often, cutaneous
699:
The fifth criterion is what differentiates dermatomyositis from polymyositis; the diagnosis is considered definite for dermatomyositis if three of items 1 through 4 are present in addition to 5, probable with any two in addition to 5, and possible if just one is present in addition to 5.
795:
No cure for dermatomyositis is known, but the symptoms can be treated. Options include medication, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy (including microwave and ultrasound), orthotics and assistive devices, and rest. The standard treatment for dermatomyositis is a
323:. It can occur around the eyes along with swelling, but also occurs on the upper chest or back what is called the "shawl" (around the neck) or "V-sign" above the breasts and may also occur on the face, upper arms, thighs, or hands. Another form the rash takes is called
393:
There are further complications possible with dermatomyositis. These complications include difficulty swallowing due to the muscles in the esophagus being affected which can result in malnutrition and can cause the breathing of food or liquids, into the lungs.
290:
About one per 100,000 people per year are newly affected. The condition usually occurs in those in their 40s and 50s with women being affected more often than men. People of any age, however, may be affected. The condition was first described in the 1800s.
2491:
2467:
528:
1592:
350:
If a person exhibits only skin findings characteristic of DM, without weakness or abnormal muscle enzymes, then he or she may be experiencing amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM), formerly known as "dermatomyositis sine myositis".
752:
A given case of dermatomyositis may be classified as amyopathic dermatomyositis if only skin is affected and no muscle weakness for longer than 6 months is seen according to one 2016 review, or two years according to another.
2404:
2356:
2091:
Bernatsky S, Joseph L, Pineau CA, Belisle P, Boivin JF, Banerjee D, Clarke AE (July 2009). "Estimating the prevalence of polymyositis and dermatomyositis from administrative data: age, sex and regional differences".
226:
and worsening muscle weakness over time. These may occur suddenly or develop over months. Other symptoms may include weight loss, fever, lung inflammation, or light sensitivity. Complications may include
2603:
363:
muscles (for example, the shoulders and thighs). Tasks that use these muscles: standing from sitting, lifting, and climbing stairs, can become increasingly difficult for people with dermatomyositis.
2251:
1588:
918:
Incidence of DM peaks at ages 40–50, but the disease can affect people of all ages. It tends to affect more women than men. The prevalence of DM ranges from one to 22 per 100,000 people.
2884:
2415:
3145:
2854:
2596:
2374:
Ramos-E-Silva M, Pinto AP, Pirmez R, Cuzzi T, Carneiro SC (1 August 2016). "Dermatomyositis—Part 1: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology and
Pathogenesis, and Clinics".
666:(testing of electric signalling in muscles), finding all three of: erratic, repetitive, high-frequency signals; short, low-energy signals between skeletal muscles and
1239:"Adult and juvenile dermatomyositis: are the distinct clinical features explained by our current understanding of serological subgroups and pathogenic mechanisms?"
1691:
Ramos-E-Silva M, Lima Pinto AP, Pirmez R, Cuzzi T, Carneiro S (1 October 2016). "Dermatomyositis-Part 2: Diagnosis, Association With
Malignancy, and Treatment".
3150:
2589:
685:
between the muscle cells, and finding abnormal muscle cell degeneration and regeneration, dying muscle cells, and muscle cells being consumed by other cells (
855:
As of 2016, treatments for amyopathic dermatomyositis in adults did not have a strong evidence base; published treatments included antimalarial medications,
2247:
560:. Between 18 and 25 per cent of people with amyopathic DM also have cancer. Malignancy in association with dermatomyositis is more prevalent after age 60.
451:
415:
711:(ANA). Around 80% of people with DM test positive for ANA and around 30% of people have myositis-specific autoantibodies which include antibodies to
1857:
3054:
2935:
2847:
2819:
1722:
2965:
2299:
2277:
1747:
Danieli MG, Gelardi C, Guerra F, Cardinaletti P, Pedini V, Gabrielli A (May 2016). "Cardiac involvement in polymyositis and dermatomyositis".
1481:
Callander J, Robson Y, Ingram J, Piguet V (11 May 2016). "Treatment of clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis in adults: a systematic review".
1782:
Feldman BM, Rider LG, Reed AM, Pachman LM (June 2008). "Juvenile dermatomyositis and other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies of childhood".
1360:
1079:
592:
2917:
499:
926:
The diagnostic criteria were proposed in 1975 and became widely adopted. Amyopathic DM, also called DM sine myositis, was named in 2002.
3135:
439:
374:
In some people, the condition affects the lungs, and they may have a cough or difficulty breathing. If the disease affects the heart,
2912:
2334:
336:
2799:
1166:
2840:
816:
can also improve recovery. Other immunosuppressive agents used to treat the inflammation associated with dermatomyositis include
2636:
463:
3095:
3064:
3059:
2970:
2736:
2137:"Incidence of Dermatomyositis and Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota"
378:
may occur. If it affects the blood vessels in the stomach or intestines, which is more common in juvenile DM, the people might
2889:
403:
2712:
2641:
617:
The diagnosis of dermatomyositis is based on five criteria, which are also used to differentially diagnose with respect to
3026:
3155:
3140:
3130:
2980:
2628:
387:
242:. Dermatomyositis may develop as a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with several forms of malignancy. It is a type of
263:
Although no cure for the condition is known, treatments generally improve symptoms. Treatments may include medication,
1006:
728:
2804:
2248:"Greek Reporter: 'Maria Callas did not kill herself from grief for Onassis, a rare disease cost her career and life'"
2029:
Tymms KE, Webb J (December 1985). "Dermatopolymyositis and other connective tissue diseases: a review of 105 cases".
1528:
1188:
Tudorancea AD, Ciurea PL, Vreju AF, Turcu-Stiolica A, Gofita CE, Criveanu C, Musetescu AE, Dinescu SC (July 2021).
872:
813:
762:
738:
716:
712:
284:
720:
533:
The cause is unknown, but it may result from an initial viral infection or cancer, either of which could raise an
2613:
2003:
955:
541:
332:
3069:
3105:
2678:
2506:
963:
784:
832:
clothing. Surgery may be required to remove calcium deposits that cause nerve pain and recurrent infections.
287:
may also improve outcomes. Most people improve with treatment and in some, the condition resolves completely.
427:
3036:
3021:
2993:
2863:
2687:
777:
144:
76:
2794:
2789:
864:
708:
649:
135:
2784:
2409:
1922:
Wright NA, Vleugels RA, Callen JP (January 2016). "Cutaneous dermatomyositis in the era of biologicals".
1853:
887:. None appears to be very effective; among them, intravenous immunoglobulin has had the best outcomes.
343:
may also be found over other bony prominences including the elbows, knees, or feet. All these rashes are
2656:
884:
769:
657:
243:
211:
2894:
3100:
3049:
3044:
2904:
2779:
2707:
979:
732:
653:
511:
1718:
487:
2960:
2945:
2763:
2669:
2495:
2303:
2273:
475:
257:
Eighty percent of adults with adult-onset dermatomyositis have a myositis-specific antibody (MSA).
1978:
1071:
3074:
3003:
2755:
2212:
Bohan A, Peter JB (20 February 1975). "Polymyositis and
Dermatomyositis: (Second of Two Parts)".
2117:
1947:
1807:
1556:
1506:
1404:
1014:
839:
316:
260:
Sixty percent of children with juvenile dermatomyositis have a myositis-specific antibody (MSA).
235:
66:
2184:
Bohan A, Peter JB (13 February 1975). "Polymyositis and
Dermatomyositis: (First of Two Parts)".
2940:
2546:
2517:
2383:
2229:
2201:
2166:
2109:
2073:
2038:
1939:
1904:
1799:
1764:
1700:
1673:
1622:
1548:
1498:
1454:
1437:
Kuhn A, Landmann A, Bonsmann G (October 2016). "The skin in autoimmune diseases-Unmet needs".
1396:
1356:
1322:
1270:
1219:
1121:
949:
340:
324:
208:
118:
103:
54:
2357:"'Dangal' actor Suhani Bhatnagar succumbs to dermatomyositis: Know about this rare condition"
1610:
1009:
gel (Phase IV, open label), IMO-8400, an antagonist of Toll-like receptor 7,8 and 9 (Ph II),
2871:
2751:
2732:
2326:
2221:
2193:
2156:
2148:
2101:
2065:
1931:
1894:
1884:
1791:
1756:
1663:
1653:
1540:
1490:
1446:
1388:
1348:
1312:
1304:
1260:
1250:
1209:
1201:
1113:
985:
943:
860:
821:
695:
typical of dermatomyositis, which include heliotrope rash, Gottron sign, and
Gottron papules
663:
599:
344:
264:
247:
159:
124:
1379:
Callen JP (June 2010). "Cutaneous
Manifestations of Dermatomyositis and Their Management".
1331:
Approximately 60% of patients with JDM are positive for a myositis-specific antibody (MSA).
1293:"Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myositis: an update on pathophysiology and clinical care"
2814:
2646:
2443:
1158:
973:
641:
637:
304:
272:
239:
176:
1825:
1317:
1292:
910:
The risk of death from the condition is much higher if the heart or lungs are affected.
741:
may be useful to guide muscle biopsy and to investigate involvement of internal organs;
2879:
2717:
2581:
2161:
2136:
1899:
1872:
1668:
1641:
1265:
1238:
1214:
1189:
1117:
959:
900:
896:
895:
Before the advent of modern treatments such as prednisone, intravenous immunoglobulin,
856:
817:
797:
549:
2500:
2069:
1795:
3124:
1811:
1002:
746:
678:
671:
667:
607:
553:
251:
128:
85:
2121:
1589:"Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders"
1560:
1510:
1408:
800:
drug, given either in pill form or intravenously. Immunosuppressant drugs, such as
2955:
2683:
2557:
1951:
952:
936:
880:
876:
835:
805:
801:
704:
686:
682:
618:
591:
379:
280:
276:
184:
180:
140:
59:
2152:
611:
2511:
1760:
1450:
3079:
2699:
2541:
2225:
2197:
1352:
969:
843:
557:
375:
148:
49:
in a person with juvenile dermatomyositis. These are known as
Gottron's papules.
2522:
1308:
1279:
Myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) can now be identified in 80% of adults.
371:
Around 30% of people have swollen, painful joints, but this is generally mild.
2950:
2560:
2480:
2476:
2433:
2056:
Cooper GS, Stroehla BC (May 2003). "The epidemiology of autoimmune diseases".
1935:
1392:
998:
825:
809:
772:, along with polymyositis, necrotizing autoimmune myositis, cancer-associated
629:
603:
583:
545:
534:
228:
171:
81:
33:
1889:
1658:
246:. Diagnosis is typically based on some combination of symptoms, blood tests,
2927:
2809:
2552:
2105:
1010:
849:
529:
List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions
268:
223:
163:
2832:
2387:
2170:
2113:
2077:
1943:
1908:
1803:
1768:
1704:
1677:
1626:
1552:
1502:
1458:
1400:
1326:
1291:
Papadopoulou C, Chew C, Wilkinson MG, McCann L, Wedderburn LR (June 2023).
1274:
1223:
1205:
1125:
2233:
2205:
2042:
1544:
3013:
2664:
1856:. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 27 July 2015.
966:
in 1977, died at the age of 29 from heart failure caused by this disease.
773:
724:
645:
568:
360:
359:
People with DM experience progressively worsening muscle weakness in the
320:
1611:"Cancer risk in dermatomyositis: a systematic review of the literature"
868:
633:
572:
564:
328:
219:
46:
42:
2459:
1873:"Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: Clinical Approach and Management"
1494:
2471:
1001:; clinical trials were ongoing for use of the following drugs in DM:
383:
939:(1923–1977) allegedly had dermatomyositis from 1975 until her death.
2569:
1255:
846:, are used to treat the rashes, as is done for similar conditions.
783:
A form of this disorder that occurs prior to adulthood is known as
1609:
Di Rollo D, Abeni D, Tracanna M, Capo A, Amerio P (October 2014).
765:, a class of diseases that often involves autoimmune dysfunction.
742:
598:
590:
582:
972:(1948–2011) a doctor, comedian, author, and the president of the
2484:
1640:
Simon JP, Marie I, Jouen F, Boyer O, Martinet J (14 June 2016).
997:
As of 2016, research was ongoing into causes for DM, as well as
692:
300:
215:
2836:
2585:
907:
disease persists after adequate control of the muscle disease.
808:, may reduce inflammation in people who do not respond well to
674:; and sharp activity when a needle is inserted into the muscle
457:
Gottron's papules in a severe case of juvenile dermatomyositis
1104:
Callen JP, Wortmann RL (September 2006). "Dermatomyositis".
575:
seem to create a disposition to autoimmune dermatomyositis.
421:
Gottron's papules on the elbows of a person with juvenile DM
1190:"A Study on Dermatomyositis and the Relation to Malignancy"
327:, which is red or violet, sometimes scaly, slightly raised
946:(1907–1989) had dermatomyositis from 1974 until his death.
852:
is used when people do not respond to other treatments.
1719:"ICD-10 Systemic connective tissue disorders (M30-M36)"
16:
Long-term inflammatory disorder of the skin and muscles
271:, and assistive devices, and rest. Medications in the
2416:
United States
Department of Health and Human Services
2302:. Pro Football Weekly. 8 January 2010. Archived from
1871:
Malik A, Hayat G, Kalia JS, Guzman MA (20 May 2016).
234:
The cause is unknown. Theories include that it is an
2449:
347:, and are often very itchy, painful, and may bleed.
275:
family are typically used with other agents such as
3088:
3035:
3011:
3002:
2979:
2926:
2903:
2870:
2772:
2749:
2698:
2655:
2627:
2620:
2532:
2453:
1983:
Genetic and Rare
Diseases Information Center (GARD)
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
595:
X-Ray of the knee in a person with dermatomyositis.
548:response. The most commonly associated cancers are
190:
170:
154:
134:
117:
109:
99:
91:
75:
65:
53:
26:
505:Severe rash on the hands, extending up the forearm
1742:
1740:
745:may be used to investigate joint involvement and
625:Muscle weakness in both thighs or both upper arms
2135:Bendewald MJ, Wetter DA, Li X, Davis MD (2010).
1848:
1846:
1615:Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia
299:The main symptoms include several kinds of skin
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1163:NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)
319:" (a purplish color) or lilac, but may also be
2274:"Laurence Olivier Dies: 'The Rest Is Silence'"
283:recommended if steroids are not working well.
2848:
2597:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1237:Tansley SL, McHugh NJ, Wedderburn LR (2013).
930:People who were affected with dermatomyositis
768:It has also been classified as an idiopathic
8:
445:Gottron's bumps on a person with juvenile DM
331:that erupt on any of the finger joints (the
1642:"Autoimmune Myopathies: Where Do We Stand?"
903:, and other drugs, the prognosis was poor.
563:Some cases are inherited, and HLA subtypes
540:Between 7 and 30% of dermatomyositis cases
3146:Steroid-responsive inflammatory conditions
3008:
2855:
2841:
2833:
2624:
2604:
2590:
2582:
2450:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
32:
23:
2160:
1898:
1888:
1667:
1657:
1604:
1602:
1316:
1264:
1254:
1213:
1099:
1097:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
71:Rash, muscle weakness, weight loss, fever
962:in 1976, and the number-one pick in the
469:Heliotrope with swelling around the eyes
1026:
396:
3055:Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
2936:Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
2820:Congenital contractural arachnodactyly
2411:NINDS Dermatomyositis Information Page
1591:. Merck Manuals Professional Edition.
761:Dermatomyositis is a form of systemic
1968:, Blackwell Scientific. Third Edition
1860:from the original on 2 December 2016.
1595:from the original on 12 October 2015.
1522:
1520:
1169:from the original on 19 February 2017
7:
3151:Systemic connective tissue disorders
2918:Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
1830:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1725:from the original on 8 February 2017
1374:
1372:
315:One form the rashes take is called "
2337:from the original on 1 October 2013
2254:from the original on 4 January 2015
982:, Indian actress diagnosed in 2022.
958:(1955–1984), the runner-up for the
703:Dermatomyositis is associated with
229:calcium deposits in muscles or skin
2913:Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
2280:from the original on 10 March 2011
1483:The British Journal of Dermatology
1118:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001
587:Calcification from dermatomyositis
409:Gottron's papules on finger joints
345:made worse by exposure to sunlight
14:
2966:Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
2276:. People Magazine. 24 July 1989.
2250:. GR Reporter. 28 December 2010.
2436:
2403: This article incorporates
2398:
2094:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
1964:Page 285 in: Thomson and Cotton
1243:Arthritis Research & Therapy
1082:from the original on 5 July 2017
719:), including antibodies against
510:
498:
486:
474:
462:
450:
438:
426:
414:
402:
388:hole somewhere in their GI tract
123:Based on symptoms, blood tests,
3096:Febrile neutrophilic dermatosis
3065:Florid cutaneous papillomatosis
2971:Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
2737:Mixed connective tissue disease
2214:New England Journal of Medicine
2186:New England Journal of Medicine
1533:New England Journal of Medicine
1194:Current Health Sciences Journal
681:under a microscope and finding
222:. Its symptoms are generally a
194:~ 1 per 100,000 people per year
2713:Progressive systemic sclerosis
1529:"Inflammatory Muscle Diseases"
1343:"History of Dermatomyositis".
974:Humanist Association of Canada
307:in both upper arms or thighs.
1:
3027:Necrolytic migratory erythema
2800:Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome
2153:10.1001/archdermatol.2009.328
2070:10.1016/s1568-9972(03)00006-5
1854:"Dermatomyositis Information"
1796:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60955-1
683:mononuclear white blood cells
3060:Extramammary Paget's disease
2629:Systemic lupus erythematosus
1761:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.01.015
1527:Dalakas MC (30 April 2015).
1451:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.013
1381:Current Rheumatology Reports
1013:(Phase IV, open label), and
988:(2005–2024), Indian actress.
812:. Periodic treatment using
2614:connective tissue disorders
2325:Jones T (12 October 2011).
2226:10.1056/nejm197502202920807
2198:10.1056/nejm197502132920706
2031:The Journal of Rheumatology
1924:Seminars in Immunopathology
1353:10.1007/978-3-540-79313-7_2
1297:Nature Reviews Rheumatology
1007:adrenocorticotropic hormone
729:signal recognition particle
632:, finding higher levels of
398:Examples of dermatomyositis
384:black tarry bowel movements
3172:
3136:Connective tissue diseases
2890:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
1966:Lecture Notes in Pathology
1309:10.1038/s41584-023-00967-9
873:intravenous immunoglobulin
814:intravenous immunoglobulin
763:connective tissue disorder
739:Magnetic resonance imaging
717:anti-synthetase antibodies
713:aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
526:
333:metacarpophalangeal joints
285:Intravenous immunoglobulin
267:, exercise, heat therapy,
162:, exercise, heat therapy,
2728:
2642:Libman–Sacks endocarditis
1936:10.1007/s00281-015-0543-z
1587:Hajj-ali RA (June 2013).
1393:10.1007/s11926-010-0100-7
166:, assistive devices, rest
40:
31:
3106:Paraneoplastic pemphigus
2864:Paraneoplastic syndromes
2679:Juvenile dermatomyositis
1890:10.3389/fneur.2016.00064
1659:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00234
838:medications, especially
785:juvenile dermatomyositis
3022:Erythema gyratum repens
2994:Hypertrophic osteopathy
2688:Inclusion body myositis
2300:"Forgotten: Ricky Bell"
2141:Archives of Dermatology
2106:10.1136/ard.2008.093161
1646:Frontiers in Immunology
778:inclusion body myositis
145:inclusion body myositis
2805:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
2795:Eosinophilic fasciitis
2790:Polymyalgia rheumatica
2405:public domain material
2327:"Rob Buckman obituary"
2008:Johns Hopkins Medicine
1877:Frontiers in Neurology
1826:"Dermatomyositis (DM)"
1347:. 2009. pp. 5–8.
1206:10.12865/CHSJ.47.03.07
1106:Clinics in Dermatology
865:calcineurin inhibitors
709:antinuclear antibodies
654:pyruvate transaminases
650:glutamate oxaloacetate
614:
596:
588:
337:interphalangeal joints
136:Differential diagnosis
2657:Inflammatory myopathy
1545:10.1056/NEJMra1402225
885:mycophenolate mofetil
867:applied to the skin,
859:, taken or orally or
770:inflammatory myopathy
721:histidine—tRNA ligase
658:lactate dehydrogenase
602:
594:
586:
244:inflammatory myopathy
212:inflammatory disorder
84:, lung inflammation,
3101:Pyoderma gangrenosum
3050:Ichthyosis acquisita
3045:Acanthosis nigricans
2780:IgG4-related disease
2708:Systemic scleroderma
2058:Autoimmunity Reviews
1749:Autoimmunity Reviews
1439:Autoimmunity Reviews
733:anti-Mi-2 antibodies
606:of dermatomyositis,
3156:Idiopathic diseases
3141:Disorders of fascia
3131:Autoimmune diseases
2961:Transverse myelitis
2946:Limbic encephalitis
2670:Dermatopolymyositis
2363:. 18 February 2024.
1790:(9631): 2201–2212.
861:applied to the skin
670:that have multiple
386:, or may develop a
3075:Pityriasis rotunda
2895:Cushing's syndrome
2533:External resources
2361:The Times of India
2306:on 11 January 2010
2010:. 19 November 2019
1015:sodium thiosulfate
840:hydroxychloroquine
615:
597:
589:
295:Signs and symptoms
236:autoimmune disease
214:which affects the
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3070:Leser-Trélat sign
2941:Encephalomyelitis
2830:
2829:
2745:
2744:
2579:
2578:
2004:"Dermatomyositis"
1979:"Dermatomyositis"
1539:(18): 1734–1747.
1495:10.1111/bjd.14726
1362:978-3-540-79312-0
1159:"Dermatomyositis"
1072:"Dermatomyositis"
950:American football
727:); antibodies to
544:, probably as an
542:arise from cancer
433:Gottron's papules
341:Gottron's papules
238:or a result of a
198:
197:
119:Diagnostic method
21:Medical condition
3163:
3009:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2834:
2785:Behçet's disease
2764:Sjögren syndrome
2752:hypersensitivity
2733:Overlap syndrome
2637:Drug-induced SLE
2625:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2583:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2402:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2209:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2100:(7): 1192–1196.
2088:
2082:
2081:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2037:(6): 1140–1148.
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1902:
1892:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1584:
1565:
1564:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1489:(6): 1248–1255.
1478:
1463:
1462:
1434:
1413:
1412:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1320:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1268:
1258:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1217:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1155:
1130:
1129:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1068:
986:Suhani Bhatnagar
944:Laurence Olivier
822:cyclophosphamide
664:electromyography
514:
502:
490:
478:
466:
454:
442:
430:
418:
406:
265:physical therapy
248:electromyography
160:physical therapy
125:electromyography
36:
24:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3110:
3084:
3031:
2998:
2989:Dermatomyositis
2981:Musculoskeletal
2975:
2922:
2899:
2866:
2861:
2831:
2826:
2815:Marfan syndrome
2768:
2741:
2724:
2694:
2675:Dermatomyositis
2651:
2647:Lupus nephritis
2616:
2610:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2528:
2527:
2462:
2444:Medicine portal
2442:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2420:
2418:
2408:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2211:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1963:
1959:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1586:
1585:
1568:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1480:
1479:
1466:
1436:
1435:
1416:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1345:Dermatomyositis
1342:
1341:
1337:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1157:
1156:
1133:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1070:
1069:
1028:
1023:
995:
932:
924:
916:
893:
793:
776:, and sporadic
759:
642:creatine kinase
638:skeletal muscle
581:
531:
525:
518:
515:
506:
503:
494:
491:
482:
479:
470:
467:
458:
455:
446:
443:
434:
431:
422:
419:
410:
407:
369:
357:
313:
305:muscle weakness
297:
273:corticosteroids
252:muscle biopsies
240:viral infection
201:Dermatomyositis
177:Corticosteroids
129:muscle biopsies
27:Dermatomyositis
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3169:
3167:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3123:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3037:Papulosquamous
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2880:Hypercalcaemia
2876:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2718:CREST syndrome
2715:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2681:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2563:
2549:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2514:
2503:
2488:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:Classification
2448:
2447:
2431:
2430:External links
2428:
2394:
2393:
2382:(4): 273–279.
2366:
2348:
2317:
2291:
2265:
2239:
2220:(8): 403–407.
2192:(7): 344–347.
2176:
2127:
2083:
2064:(3): 119–125.
2048:
2021:
1995:
1970:
1957:
1914:
1863:
1842:
1817:
1774:
1736:
1710:
1699:(5): 354–358.
1683:
1632:
1621:(5): 525–537.
1598:
1566:
1516:
1464:
1445:(10): 948–54.
1414:
1387:(3): 192–197.
1368:
1361:
1335:
1303:(6): 343–362.
1283:
1256:10.1186/ar4198
1229:
1200:(3): 377–382.
1180:
1131:
1112:(5): 363–373.
1093:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1019:
994:
991:
990:
989:
983:
977:
967:
960:Heisman Trophy
947:
940:
931:
928:
923:
920:
915:
912:
901:chemotherapies
897:plasmapheresis
892:
889:
818:cyclosporine A
798:corticosteroid
792:
789:
758:
757:Classification
755:
747:calcifications
705:autoantibodies
697:
696:
690:
675:
660:
626:
580:
577:
550:ovarian cancer
524:
521:
520:
519:
516:
509:
507:
504:
497:
495:
492:
485:
483:
480:
473:
471:
468:
461:
459:
456:
449:
447:
444:
437:
435:
432:
425:
423:
420:
413:
411:
408:
401:
399:
368:
365:
356:
353:
325:Gottron's sign
312:
309:
296:
293:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
174:
168:
167:
156:
152:
151:
138:
132:
131:
121:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
79:
73:
72:
69:
63:
62:
57:
51:
50:
45:overlying the
38:
37:
29:
28:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3168:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:Mucocutaneous
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2905:Hematological
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2406:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1930:(1): 113–21.
1929:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:ajulemic acid
1000:
992:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
971:
968:
965:
961:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
941:
938:
935:Opera singer
934:
933:
929:
927:
921:
919:
913:
911:
908:
904:
902:
898:
890:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
851:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
790:
788:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
756:
754:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:, especially
706:
701:
694:
691:
688:
684:
680:
679:muscle biopsy
676:
673:
669:
668:motor neurons
665:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
624:
623:
622:
620:
613:
612:H&E stain
609:
608:muscle biopsy
605:
601:
593:
585:
578:
576:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
554:breast cancer
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
530:
522:
513:
508:
501:
496:
489:
484:
477:
472:
465:
460:
453:
448:
441:
436:
429:
424:
417:
412:
405:
400:
397:
395:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
366:
364:
362:
354:
352:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
310:
308:
306:
302:
294:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
258:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
202:
193:
189:
186:
182:
178:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
139:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
86:heart disease
83:
80:
78:
77:Complications
74:
70:
68:
64:
61:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:Discrete red
39:
35:
30:
25:
19:
2988:
2956:Polymyositis
2928:Neurological
2684:Polymyositis
2674:
2565:
2551:
2540:
2516:
2505:
2490:
2466:
2419:. Retrieved
2410:
2397:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2360:
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2339:. Retrieved
2331:The Guardian
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2304:the original
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2007:
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1075:
1017:(Phase II).
1005:(Phase II),
996:
953:running back
937:Maria Callas
925:
917:
914:Epidemiology
909:
905:
894:
881:azathioprine
877:methotrexate
854:
848:
836:Antimalarial
834:
830:
806:methotrexate
802:azathioprine
794:
782:
767:
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698:
687:phagocytosis
677:Examining a
640:, including
619:polymyositis
616:
562:
539:
532:
517:Forearm rash
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349:
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289:
281:azathioprine
277:methotrexate
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185:azathioprine
181:methotrexate
158:Medication,
141:Polymyositis
60:Rheumatology
18:
3080:Tripe palms
2700:Scleroderma
2542:MedlinePlus
2421:12 December
970:Rob Buckman
844:chloroquine
731:(SRP); and
558:lung cancer
493:Facial rash
380:vomit blood
376:arrhythmias
303:along with
149:scleroderma
92:Usual onset
3125:Categories
2951:Opsoclonus
2756:autoimmune
2518:DiseasesDB
2310:26 January
1729:9 December
1249:(2): 211.
1021:References
999:biomarkers
956:Ricky Bell
826:tacrolimus
810:prednisone
630:blood test
604:Micrograph
546:autoimmune
537:response.
535:autoimmune
527:See also:
481:Heliotrope
317:heliotrope
172:Medication
95:40s to 50s
82:Calcinosis
3012:Reactive
2872:Endocrine
2810:fibrillin
2612:Systemic
2553:eMedicine
2258:1 January
1812:205951454
1011:abatacept
964:NFL draft
891:Prognosis
850:Rituximab
791:Treatment
636:found in
579:Diagnosis
269:orthotics
224:skin rash
209:long-term
191:Frequency
164:orthotics
155:Treatment
104:Long term
55:Specialty
3014:erythema
2665:Myositis
2558:med/2608
2487:M33.910)
2388:27784516
2335:Archived
2278:Archived
2252:Archived
2171:20083689
2122:21500536
2114:18713785
2078:12848952
1944:26563285
1909:27242652
1858:Archived
1804:18586175
1769:26826433
1723:Archived
1705:27871347
1678:27379096
1627:24975953
1593:Archived
1561:37761391
1553:25923553
1511:45638288
1503:27167896
1459:27481041
1409:29083422
1401:20425525
1327:37188756
1318:10184643
1275:23566358
1224:35003769
1167:Archived
1165:. 2015.
1126:16966018
1080:Archived
1078:. 2017.
993:Research
980:Samantha
857:steroids
774:myositis
725:Anti-Jo1
646:aldolase
628:Using a
569:HLA-DR52
361:proximal
218:and the
100:Duration
67:Symptoms
47:knuckles
2621:General
2570:Q681160
2566:Scholia
2561:derm/98
2512:D003882
2376:Skinmed
2341:16 July
2284:16 July
2234:1089199
2206:1090839
2162:2886726
2043:4093921
2014:11 July
1988:11 July
1952:7104535
1900:4873503
1835:11 July
1721:. WHO.
1693:Skinmed
1669:4905946
1652:: 234.
1266:3672700
1215:8679146
1173:13 July
1086:13 July
922:History
869:dapsone
634:enzymes
573:HLA-DR6
565:HLA-DR3
382:, have
355:Muscles
335:or the
329:papules
220:muscles
207:) is a
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556:, and
523:Causes
250:, and
110:Causes
3089:Other
2885:SIADH
2773:Other
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2481:M33.1
2477:M33.0
2407:from
2118:S2CID
1948:S2CID
1808:S2CID
1557:S2CID
1507:S2CID
1405:S2CID
743:X-ray
367:Other
43:areas
2507:MeSH
2496:9-CM
2485:ILDS
2423:2016
2384:PMID
2343:2012
2312:2010
2286:2012
2260:2015
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2210:and
2202:PMID
2167:PMID
2110:PMID
2074:PMID
2039:PMID
2016:2021
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1499:PMID
1455:PMID
1397:PMID
1357:ISBN
1323:PMID
1271:PMID
1220:PMID
1175:2017
1122:PMID
1088:2017
1076:GARD
842:and
804:and
656:and
311:Skin
301:rash
216:skin
2492:ICD
2468:ICD
2222:doi
2218:292
2194:doi
2190:292
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