31:
145:
172:
159:
57:
473:. A trifid forewing has either a reduced or vestigial M2 vein or the M2 vein does not connect to the cubital veins, while M2 is as thick as M3 and connects or nearly connects to M3 in a quadrifid forewing. The same splitting of the hindwing cubital vein has analogous terms bifine, trifine, and quadrifine. The Erebidae typically have quadrifid forewings and quadrifine hindwings, though the
399:
Adult moths of
Erebidae have quadrifid forewings and usually quadrifine hindwings, meaning that each wing includes a cubital vein that splits into four (explained further in the Classification section). The tribe Micronoctuini instead has bifine hindwings (meaning this same vein splits into two).
411:
Larvae are usually smooth in appearance, but larvae of
Arctiinae (woolly bears) and Lymantriinae are hairy. Larvae of Arctiinae and Lymantriinae have fully developed prolegs, Aganainae and Herminiinae have fully developed or slightly reduced
603:. The Erebidae are currently divided into 18 subfamilies, some of which are strongly supported by phylogenetic analysis and may persist through further study, while others are weakly supported and may be redefined again.
554:
The determination of these phylogenetic relationships has led to the present classification scheme in which several clades were rearranged while kept mostly intact and others were split apart. The
Erebidae are one
461:, the Erebidae can be broadly defined by the wing characteristics of the adults with support from phylogenetic studies. The cubital forewing vein, which runs outward from the base of a wing to the
449:(Arctiinae) larvae are unusual in feeding on algae and lichens (hence "lichen moths"). Most Herminiinae larvae feed on dead or withered leaves (hence "litter moths"), rather than living leaves.
400:
Aside from this, adult
Erebidae usually have an unscaled clypeofrons and broad forewings, and the hindwings often have patterns. Scoliopteryginae, Calpinae and some Erebinae have modified
789:
620:
Kukal, Olga; Dawson, Todd E. (1989-06-01). "Temperature and food quality influences feeding behavior, assimilation efficiency and growth rate of arctic woolly-bear caterpillars".
2843:
2882:
408:(Arctiinae) instead have a highly reduced proboscis. The overall appearance may be colourful (e.g. Arctiinae, Aganainae) or cryptic (e.g. Herminiinae).
2817:
567:
is also monophyletic, but the family lacks the quadrifine moths now placed as part of the
Erebidae. Some subfamilies of the Noctuidae, such as the
2856:
703:
756:
Zahiri, Reza; et al. (2013). "Relationships among the basal lineages of
Noctuidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) based on eight gene regions".
825:
786:
2642:
515:
studies in the present century have helped to clarify the relationships between the structurally diverse lineages within the
2861:
2869:
428:
Adults of some
Erebidae pierce fruit to suck out juices (leading them to be called "fruit-piercing moths"), and those of
535:. Recent studies combining genetic characteristics with the morphological ones revealed that the former Noctuidae were
2739:
2706:
2637:
477:
are exceptional with their bifine hindwings. Among the related families, most
Erebidae are quadrifid moths like the
2796:
2887:
2809:
818:
56:
580:
540:
520:
301:
278:
251:
The sizes of the adults range from among the largest of all moths (>5 in (127 mm) wingspan in the
215:
200:. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known
224:
2951:
2659:
176:
30:
2918:
2744:
2214:
144:
2897:
2778:
1084:
1076:
1067:
811:
519:
and within the
Erebidae. Morphological studies had led to a classification in which the monophyletic
134:
2230:
2005:
1997:
417:
470:
462:
469:
area to the outer margin. These split veins are named M2, M3, CuA1, and CuA2 in order toward the
51:
2923:
729:"Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico"
171:
158:
244:, though many of these common names can also refer to moths outside the Erebidae (for example,
2946:
2905:
2765:
1575:
645:
637:
252:
2848:
2910:
2556:
2047:
1606:
765:
736:
683:
629:
376:
263:). The coloration of the adults spans the full range of dull, drab, and camouflaged (e.g.,
189:
2125:
1801:
1678:
1554:
1546:
1512:
1486:
1478:
1145:
1116:
1110:
1101:
912:
906:
894:
793:
497:. And among the quadrifid moths, the Erebidae have quadrifine hindwings like the typical
430:
371:
2721:
531:
were treated as families, and the other erebid lineages were largely grouped within the
2804:
2791:
2697:
2346:
2133:
1811:
1736:
1702:
1660:
1585:
1570:
1213:
163:
2940:
2574:
2499:
2407:
2354:
2333:
2325:
2196:
2076:
2068:
1788:
1670:
1665:
1655:
1434:
1426:
1413:
1405:
1376:
1337:
1205:
1150:
1137:
1128:
1053:
1045:
1036:
998:
992:
980:
688:
671:
596:
548:
528:
490:
474:
345:
324:
265:
260:
233:
2770:
2593:
2561:
2543:
2491:
2423:
2383:
2183:
2175:
2141:
2026:
2018:
1839:
1829:
1816:
1770:
1762:
1749:
1741:
1728:
1686:
1647:
1637:
1614:
1593:
1562:
1525:
1517:
1504:
1384:
1332:
878:
728:
592:
588:
556:
544:
536:
524:
512:
494:
387:
361:
355:
307:
219:
416:, and prolegs in some other subfamilies are reduced or absent as an adaptation to
539:, and some of the lineages within the Noctuidae were more closely related to the
2874:
2830:
2711:
2691:
2551:
2509:
2433:
2428:
2399:
2367:
2262:
2203:
2039:
1963:
1955:
1942:
1934:
1905:
1855:
1780:
1694:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1601:
1392:
1327:
1255:
1234:
1226:
1176:
955:
949:
937:
835:
600:
584:
568:
435:
350:
341:
329:
270:
241:
211:
108:
2682:
2617:
2525:
2517:
2470:
2454:
2441:
2415:
2391:
2375:
2296:
2283:
2275:
2254:
2246:
2162:
2154:
2097:
2089:
2055:
1913:
1847:
1834:
1806:
1793:
1715:
1342:
1284:
1189:
803:
599:
was changed from family to tribe to include the clade as a lineage within the
572:
560:
516:
502:
478:
465:, splits into two (bifid), three (trifid), or four (quadrifid) veins from the
458:
446:
382:
197:
118:
641:
445:, like most lepidopteran larvae, and different taxa prefer different plants.
2569:
2475:
2312:
2304:
2222:
1897:
1884:
1868:
1720:
1710:
1496:
1363:
1355:
1311:
1197:
866:
854:
564:
532:
506:
486:
442:
401:
366:
335:
291:
274:
256:
245:
237:
201:
88:
68:
741:
649:
2731:
2752:
2676:
2238:
1984:
1976:
1921:
1876:
1533:
1451:
1319:
1184:
1167:
1020:
872:
576:
405:
318:
312:
296:
229:
206:
466:
2822:
2757:
2483:
2115:
2107:
1824:
633:
498:
482:
2835:
769:
571:, were moved as a whole to Erebidae. Other subfamilies, including the
2533:
860:
848:
798:
413:
152:
98:
78:
44:
2653:
170:
157:
143:
2783:
193:
2657:
1017:
977:
934:
891:
807:
672:"Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)"
583:
became an erebid subfamily placed next to the closely related
281:). The moths are found on all continents except Antarctica.
2257:(gossamer-winged butterflies: blues, coppers and relatives)
551:
families than to the other lineages within the
Noctuidae.
2478:(daggers, sallows, owlet moths, quakers, cutworms, darts)
2465:(underwing, tiger, tussock, litter, snout, owlet moths)
727:
Lafontaine, Donald; Schmidt, Christian (19 Mar 2010).
2666:
2586:
2542:
2508:
2453:
2366:
2345:
2324:
2295:
2274:
2195:
2174:
2153:
2124:
2106:
2088:
2067:
2038:
2017:
1996:
1975:
1954:
1933:
1896:
1867:
1779:
1761:
1646:
1584:
1545:
1495:
1477:
1450:
1425:
1404:
1375:
1354:
1310:
1283:
1254:
1225:
1175:
1166:
1136:
1127:
1109:
1100:
1075:
1066:
1044:
1035:
991:
948:
905:
1916:(castniid moths: giant butterfly-moths, sun moths)
259:(0.25 in (6 mm) wingspan in some of the
591:became another erebid subfamily placed near the
248:). Some of the erebid moths are called owlets.
819:
404:to pierce fruit skins. Lymantriinae and some
273:) to vivid, contrasting, and colorful (e.g.,
204:groups. The family includes the underwings (
8:
2654:
2265:(brush-footed, or four-footed butterflies)
1474:
1470:
1307:
1280:
1172:
1133:
1106:
1072:
1041:
1032:
1028:
1014:
988:
974:
945:
931:
902:
888:
826:
812:
804:
222:), including the arctic woolly bear moth (
214:); tiger, lichen, footman and wasp moths (
29:
20:
740:
687:
2444:(hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms)
665:
663:
661:
659:
2241:(whites, yellows, orangetips, sulphurs)
787:Images of Erebidae moths in New Zealand
612:
2357:(eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths)
304:– tiger, lichen, and wasp moths
7:
2898:85a513e7-ba2e-49c2-9170-a08742629bf8
2810:196aa783-9827-45ef-a294-87f384ad6742
1879:(carpenter millers, or goat moths)
1796:(burnet, forester, or smoky moths)
799:Images of Erebidae in Bugguide.net
670:Zahiri, Reza; et al. (2012).
434:can also pierce mammalian skin to
232:and others); micronoctuoid moths (
14:
1200:(Amazonian primitive ghost moths)
563:. A more strictly defined family
689:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00607.x
55:
1216:(African primitive ghost moths)
1520:(Old World spiny-winged moths)
579:, were each split apart. The
1:
2418:(Kentish glory and relatives)
1237:(New Zealand primitive moths)
2564:(oriental swallowtail moths)
1842:(planthopper parasite moths)
2638:Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
2225:(American moth-butterflies)
2186:(Old World butterfly-moths)
2165:(picture-winged leaf moths)
915:(mandibulate archaic moths)
2968:
2136:(tropical fruitworm moths)
1673:(case-bearers, case moths)
1437:(trumpet leaf miner moths)
1192:(swift moths, ghost moths)
321:– underwings and kin
2633:
2614:
2386:(American silkworm moths)
2217:(swallowtail butterflies)
1887:(dudgeon carpenter moths)
1596:(false diamondback moths)
1507:(burrowing webworm moths)
1473:
1031:
1027:
1013:
987:
973:
944:
930:
901:
887:
843:
438:(hence "vampire moths").
255:) to the smallest of the
228:); fruit-piercing moths (
52:Scientific classification
50:
37:
28:
23:
2378:(Australian lappet moth)
1387:(pigmy, or midget moths)
559:family among six in the
1208:(miniature ghost moths)
704:"Erebidae - fact sheet"
505:and unlike the typical
420:living (semi-loopers).
225:Gynaephora groenlandica
167:caterpillar (Arctiinae)
2587:Superfamily unassigned
2008:(bristle-legged moths)
1557:(ribbed cocoon makers)
1366:(Andean endemic moths)
1322:(fairy longhorn moths)
742:10.3897/zookeys.40.414
489:and unlike the trifid
379:– piercing moths
315:– piercing moths
181:
177:Halysidota tessellaris
168:
155:
2919:Paleobiology Database
2494:(prominents, kittens)
2029:(fringe-tufted moths)
1085:Acanthopteroctetidae
1077:Acanthopteroctetoidea
708:keys.lucidcentral.org
676:Systematic Entomology
358:– tussock moths
344:– includes the
174:
161:
147:
2805:Fauna Europaea (new)
2006:Schreckensteiniidae
1998:Schreckensteinioidea
1987:(false burnet moths)
1858:(slug, or cup moths)
1416:(Gondwanaland moths)
1395:(white eyecap moths)
1153:(archaic bell moths)
332:– litter moths
2336:(sack bearer moths)
2058:(false plume moths)
2050:(many-plumed moths)
1908:(little bear moths)
1850:(slug caterpillars)
1705:(long-horned moths)
1689:(grass-miner moths)
1087:(archaic sun moths)
338:– snout moths
246:crambid snout moths
196:in the superfamily
149:Eulepidotis affinis
792:2015-11-07 at the
634:10.1007/BF00378671
595:. The rank of the
441:Larvae are mostly
218:); tussock moths (
182:
169:
156:
2934:
2933:
2906:Open Tree of Life
2660:Taxon identifiers
2651:
2650:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2578:
2565:
2529:
2521:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2466:
2445:
2437:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2358:
2337:
2316:
2308:
2287:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2208:
2187:
2166:
2145:
2144:(fruitworm moths)
2137:
2080:
2059:
2051:
2030:
2009:
1988:
1967:
1946:
1945:(metalmark moths)
1925:
1924:(clearwing moths)
1917:
1909:
1888:
1880:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1820:
1797:
1753:
1745:
1732:
1731:(concealer moths)
1724:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1633:
1610:
1607:Glyphipterigidae
1597:
1576:Roeslerstammiidae
1566:
1558:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1508:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1417:
1396:
1388:
1367:
1346:
1323:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1193:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1123:
1122:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1062:
1061:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
993:Heterobathmioidea
969:
968:
965:
964:
959:
926:
925:
922:
921:
916:
770:10.1111/zsc.12022
758:Zoologica Scripta
210:); litter moths (
142:
141:
138:
41:Ascalapha odorata
2959:
2927:
2926:
2914:
2913:
2901:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2875:NHMSYS0020959403
2865:
2864:
2852:
2851:
2839:
2838:
2826:
2825:
2813:
2812:
2800:
2799:
2787:
2786:
2774:
2773:
2761:
2760:
2748:
2747:
2735:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2655:
2577:(geometer moths)
2576:
2563:
2557:Pseudobistonidae
2527:
2519:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2464:
2443:
2435:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2356:
2335:
2314:
2306:
2285:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2207:
2200:
2185:
2164:
2143:
2135:
2078:
2057:
2049:
2028:
2007:
1986:
1965:
1944:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1886:
1878:
1857:
1849:
1841:
1818:
1795:
1751:
1743:
1730:
1722:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1679:Cosmopterigidae
1672:
1631:
1608:
1595:
1564:
1556:
1555:Bucculatricidae
1535:
1527:
1519:
1506:
1475:
1471:
1436:
1415:
1394:
1386:
1365:
1344:
1321:
1308:
1281:
1236:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1173:
1152:
1134:
1107:
1086:
1073:
1042:
1033:
1029:
1015:
999:Heterobathmiidae
989:
975:
957:
946:
932:
914:
913:Micropterigidae
907:Micropterigoidea
903:
889:
828:
821:
814:
805:
774:
773:
753:
747:
746:
744:
724:
718:
717:
715:
714:
700:
694:
693:
691:
667:
654:
653:
617:
377:Scoliopteryginae
236:); snout moths (
132:
60:
59:
38:Black witch moth
33:
21:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2922:
2917:
2909:
2904:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2881:
2873:
2868:
2860:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2769:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2743:
2738:
2730:
2728:
2720:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2643:Lists by region
2621:
2620:is not a clade.
2616:Note: division
2598:
2582:
2538:
2504:
2449:
2410:(Dryandra moth)
2402:(Brahmin moths)
2362:
2341:
2320:
2291:
2270:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2170:
2149:
2134:Copromorphidae
2126:Copromorphoidea
2120:
2102:
2084:
2063:
2034:
2013:
1992:
1971:
1966:(tortrix moths)
1950:
1929:
1892:
1863:
1819:(flannel moths)
1802:Himantopteridae
1775:
1757:
1703:Lecithoceridae
1697:(twirler moths)
1642:
1580:
1565:(Douglas moths)
1547:Gracillarioidea
1541:
1528:(bagworm moths)
1513:Arrhenophanidae
1491:
1479:Simaethistoidea
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1442:
1421:
1400:
1371:
1350:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1242:
1235:Mnesarchaeidae
1227:Mnesarchaeoidea
1221:
1214:Prototheoridae
1158:
1146:Aenigmatineidae
1119:
1111:Lophocoronoidea
1092:
1058:
1023:
1001:
983:
981:Heterobathmiina
961:
956:Agathiphagidae
950:Agathiphagoidea
940:
918:
897:
883:
839:
832:
794:Wayback Machine
783:
778:
777:
755:
754:
750:
726:
725:
721:
712:
710:
702:
701:
697:
669:
668:
657:
619:
618:
614:
609:
455:
426:
397:
392:
372:Scolecocampinae
287:
131:
54:
39:
17:
16:Family of moths
12:
11:
5:
2965:
2963:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2939:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2915:
2902:
2892:
2879:
2866:
2853:
2840:
2827:
2814:
2801:
2792:Fauna Europaea
2788:
2775:
2762:
2749:
2736:
2726:
2716:
2703:
2688:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2523:
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2355:Lasiocampidae
2351:
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2347:Lasiocampoidea
2343:
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2328:
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2319:
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2121:
2119:
2118:
2112:
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2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2090:Whalleyanoidea
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:Pterophoridae
2073:
2071:
2069:Pterophoroidea
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2044:
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2036:
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1809:
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1783:
1777:
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1773:
1767:
1765:
1759:
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1755:
1752:(timber moths)
1747:
1744:(flower moths)
1739:
1737:Pterolonchidae
1734:
1726:
1723:(mompha moths)
1718:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1681:(cosmet moths)
1676:
1671:Coleophoridae
1668:
1663:
1661:Batrachedridae
1658:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1643:
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1632:(ermine moths)
1630:Yponomeutidae
1627:
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1604:
1599:
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1586:Yponomeutoidea
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1573:
1571:Gracillariidae
1568:
1560:
1551:
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1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1536:(fungus moths)
1531:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1487:Simaethistidae
1483:
1481:
1468:
1448:
1447:
1444:
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1441:
1440:
1431:
1429:
1423:
1422:
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1410:
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1406:Palaephatoidea
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1399:
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1203:
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1170:
1164:
1163:
1160:
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1156:
1151:Neopseustidae
1148:
1142:
1140:
1138:Neopseustoidea
1131:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:Lophocoronidae
1115:
1113:
1104:
1098:
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1094:
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1090:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1064:
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1050:
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1046:Eriocranioidea
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781:External links
779:
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764:(5): 488–507.
748:
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628:(4): 526–532.
611:
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454:
453:Classification
451:
436:suck out blood
425:
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396:
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385:
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369:
364:
359:
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346:micronoctuoids
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2562:Epicopeiidae
2560:
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2535:
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2384:Apatelodidae
2382:
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2373:
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2359:
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2334:Mimallonidae
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2326:Mimallonoidea
2323:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2307:(snout moths)
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
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2215:Papilionidae
2213:
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2205:
2198:
2197:Papilionoidea
2194:
2188:
2184:Callidulidae
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2176:Calliduloidea
2173:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2142:Carposinidae
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2098:Whalleyanidae
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2079:(plume moths)
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2054:
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2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2037:
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2027:Epermeniidae
2025:
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2020:
2019:Epermenioidea
2016:
2010:
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1885:Dudgeoneidae
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1881:
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1866:
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1840:Epipyropidae
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1835:Cyclotornidae
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1789:Heterogynidae
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1763:Galacticoidea
1760:
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1750:Xyloryctidae
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1729:Oecophoridae
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1716:Metachandidae
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1666:Blastobasidae
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1656:Autostichidae
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1639:
1636:
1634:
1628:
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1609:(sedge moths)
1605:
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1598:
1594:Acrolepiidae
1592:
1591:
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1577:
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1563:Douglasiidae
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1518:Eriocottidae
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1505:Acrolophidae
1503:
1502:
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1433:
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1427:Tischerioidea
1424:
1418:
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1411:
1409:
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1403:
1397:
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1389:
1385:Nepticulidae
1383:
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1378:
1377:Nepticuloidea
1374:
1368:
1364:Andesianidae
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1356:Andesianoidea
1353:
1347:
1345:(yucca moths)
1341:
1339:
1338:Incurvariidae
1336:
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1318:
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1239:
1233:
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1218:
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1210:
1204:
1202:
1198:Neotheoridae
1196:
1194:
1188:
1186:
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1180:
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1174:
1171:
1169:
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1155:
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1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1108:
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1103:
1102:Lophocoronina
1099:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:Acanthoctesia
1065:
1055:
1054:Eriocraniidae
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
976:
972:
960:
958:(kauri moths)
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
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929:
917:
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904:
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749:
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735:(40): 1–239.
734:
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664:
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631:
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623:
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597:Micronoctuini
594:
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582:
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566:
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549:Micronoctuini
546:
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529:Micronoctuini
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
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491:Oenosandridae
488:
484:
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475:Micronoctuini
472:
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363:
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357:
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352:
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343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
326:
325:Eulepidotinae
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
309:
306:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
284:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:
266:Zale lunifera
262:
261:Micronoctuini
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
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234:Micronoctuini
231:
227:
226:
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217:
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209:
208:
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199:
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173:
166:
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150:
146:
136:
130:
127:
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123:
120:
117:
115:Superfamily:
114:
113:
110:
107:
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100:
97:
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93:
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84:
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80:
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70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
46:
42:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2667:
2594:Millieriidae
2575:Geometridae
2544:Geometroidea
2528:(gold moths)
2486:(tuft moths)
2462:
2436:(saturniids)
2434:Saturniidae
2424:Eupterotidae
2408:Carthaeidae
2400:Brahmaeidae
2394:(silk moths)
2315:(grass moth)
2286:(teak moths)
2263:Nymphalidae
2249:(metalmarks)
2231:Hesperiidae
1964:Tortricidae
1956:Tortricoidea
1943:Choreutidae
1935:Choreutoidea
1906:Brachodidae
1856:Limacodidae
1830:Anomoeotidae
1771:Galacticidae
1695:Gelechiidae
1648:Gelechioidea
1638:Ypsolophidae
1615:Heliodinidae
1393:Opostegidae
1333:Heliozelidae
1185:Anomosetidae
1129:Neopseustina
879:Holometabola
877:Superorder:
871:Infraclass:
761:
757:
751:
732:
722:
711:. Retrieved
707:
698:
679:
675:
625:
621:
615:
593:Pangraptinae
589:Lymantriinae
557:monophyletic
553:
545:Lymantriinae
537:paraphyletic
525:Lymantriinae
513:Phylogenetic
511:
495:Notodontidae
471:inner margin
463:outer margin
456:
440:
429:
427:
410:
398:
388:Toxocampinae
362:Pangraptinae
356:Lymantriinae
308:Boletobiinae
271:litter moths
264:
250:
223:
220:Lymantriinae
205:
185:
183:
175:
162:
148:
128:
40:
18:
2831:iNaturalist
2692:Wikispecies
2552:Sematuridae
2526:Cimeliidae
2520:(hook-tips)
2518:Drepanidae
2510:Drepanoidea
2442:Sphingidae
2429:Phiditiidae
2416:Endromidae
2392:Bombycidae
2376:Anthelidae
2368:Bombycoidea
2284:Hyblaeidae
2276:Hyblaeoidea
2255:Lycaenidae
2247:Riodinidae
2204:butterflies
2163:Thyrididae
2155:Thyridoidea
2056:Tineodidae
2048:Alucitidae
2040:Alucitoidea
1914:Castniidae
1848:Dalceridae
1794:Zygaenidae
1781:Zygaenoidea
1625:Plutellidae
1620:Lyonetiidae
1602:Bedelliidae
1343:Prodoxidae
1328:Cecidosidae
1190:Hepialidae
1177:Hepialoidea
895:Zeugloptera
836:Lepidoptera
682:: 102–124.
601:Hypenodinae
585:Herminiinae
569:Herminiinae
443:herbivorous
402:proboscises
395:Description
351:Hypocalinae
342:Hypenodinae
330:Herminiinae
285:Subfamilies
279:tiger moths
253:black witch
212:Herminiinae
109:Lepidoptera
2941:Categories
2618:Monotrysia
2476:Noctuidae
2471:Euteliidae
2455:Noctuoidea
2313:Crambidae
2305:Pyralidae
2297:Pyraloidea
2233:(skippers)
2223:Hedylidae
1807:Lacturidae
1721:Momphidae
1526:Psychidae
1037:Dacnonypha
865:Subclass:
855:Arthropoda
713:2024-02-16
607:References
573:Acontiinae
561:Noctuoidea
517:Noctuoidea
503:Euteliidae
479:Euteliidae
459:Noctuoidea
457:Among the
447:Lithosiini
383:Tinoliinae
257:macromoths
198:Noctuoidea
119:Noctuoidea
89:Arthropoda
2570:Uraniidae
2463:Erebidae
2239:Pieridae
1985:Urodidae
1977:Urodoidea
1922:Sesiidae
1898:Sesioidea
1877:Cossidae
1869:Cossoidea
1711:Lypusidae
1534:Tineidae
1497:Tineoidea
1320:Adelidae
1312:Adeloidea
1019:Suborder
979:Suborder
938:Aglossata
936:Suborder
893:Suborder
867:Pterygota
847:Kingdom:
642:0029-8549
622:Oecologia
581:Arctiinae
565:Noctuidae
541:Arctiinae
533:Noctuidae
521:Arctiinae
507:Noctuidae
487:Noctuidae
367:Rivulinae
336:Hypeninae
302:Arctiinae
292:Aganainae
275:Aganainae
238:Hypeninae
216:Arctiinae
202:macromoth
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
24:Erebidae
2947:Erebidae
2753:BugGuide
2729:BioLib:
2722:Erebidae
2719:BAMONA:
2712:Erebidae
2698:Erebidae
2683:Q2068481
2677:Wikidata
2668:Erebidae
2484:Nolidae
2108:Immoidea
1168:Exoporia
1021:Glossata
873:Neoptera
853:Phylum:
849:Animalia
838:families
790:Archived
650:28313488
577:Calpinae
431:Calyptra
418:arboreal
406:Arctiina
319:Erebinae
313:Calpinae
297:Anobinae
230:Calpinae
207:Catocala
186:Erebidae
180:, cocoon
129:Erebidae
125:Family:
85:Phylum:
79:Animalia
65:Domain:
2823:4532185
2784:4127950
2116:Immidae
1825:Aididae
861:Insecta
859:Class:
834:Extant
733:ZooKeys
587:. The
499:Nolidae
483:Nolidae
424:Ecology
414:prolegs
240:); and
137:, 1815)
105:Order:
99:Insecta
95:Class:
2924:245053
2911:611807
2895:NZOR:
2888:695564
2862:936921
2849:122369
2836:121850
2797:431650
2732:896027
2534:Doidae
648:
640:
547:, and
527:, and
485:, and
467:medial
190:family
188:are a
153:Panama
45:Brazil
2844:IRMNG
2771:92529
2758:43743
2745:33532
242:zales
194:moths
135:Leach
2883:NCBI
2857:ITIS
2818:GBIF
2740:BOLD
646:PMID
638:ISSN
575:and
501:and
493:and
277:and
269:and
184:The
2870:NBN
2779:EoL
2766:CoL
2707:AFD
766:doi
737:doi
684:doi
630:doi
192:of
2943::
2921::
2908::
2885::
2872::
2859::
2846::
2833::
2820::
2807::
2794::
2781::
2768::
2755::
2742::
2709::
2694::
2679::
762:42
760:.
731:.
706:.
680:37
678:.
674:.
658:^
644:.
636:.
626:79
624:.
543:,
523:,
509:.
481:,
151:,
43:,
2206:)
2202:(
1466:a
1464:i
1462:s
1460:y
1458:r
1456:t
1454:i
1452:D
1303:a
1301:i
1299:s
1297:y
1295:r
1293:t
1291:o
1289:n
1287:o
1285:M
1276:a
1274:r
1272:u
1270:e
1268:n
1266:o
1264:r
1262:e
1260:t
1258:e
1256:H
827:e
820:t
813:v
772:.
768::
745:.
739::
716:.
692:.
686::
652:.
632::
133:(
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