146:
1696:
1237:
113:
1825:
1230:
1224:
1690:
1905:
493:
452:
494:"The sixth sense in mammalians forerunners: variability of the parietal foramen and the evolution of the pineal eye in South African Permo-Triassic eutheriodont therapsids"
415:
relations of the groups within it remain unclear. Eutherocephalia is supported as a true clade in many phylogenetic analyses, but the placement of groups like
1946:
546:
360:
1975:
1970:
475:
145:
1695:
1939:
539:
1965:
338:
1980:
1236:
1229:
1932:
1845:
1828:
1223:
532:
355:, two early therocephalian families. While lycosuchids and scyalosaurids became extinct by the end of the
1877:
1338:
1689:
1366:
376:
257:
993:
1422:
1155:
894:
1791:
1756:
1060:
1021:
1763:
1569:
1073:
836:
829:
815:
801:
637:
140:
779:
1882:
1666:
1035:
471:
1742:
1594:
1345:
501:
467:
388:
1429:
1387:
1317:
1282:
986:
970:
943:
850:
793:
770:
724:
416:
364:
300:
32:
1916:
1659:
1652:
1618:
1562:
1408:
1162:
1049:
1042:
1028:
909:
786:
606:
352:
310:
112:
395:, indicating both eutherocephalians and cynodonts were evolving toward a more active,
1959:
1728:
1603:
1583:
1415:
1401:
1324:
1310:
1169:
1141:
1093:
979:
952:
923:
857:
699:
686:
649:
555:
341:
294:
280:
235:
219:
70:
1805:
1798:
1777:
1770:
1715:
1638:
1610:
1542:
1515:
1504:
1490:
1481:
1436:
1331:
1289:
1176:
1148:
1084:
1014:
1000:
759:
743:
420:
412:
396:
384:
305:
122:
28:
1749:
1735:
1454:
1443:
1380:
1373:
1303:
1125:
1114:
1107:
959:
902:
843:
822:
808:
424:
348:
315:
287:
131:
45:
1868:
1576:
1524:
1394:
1352:
1268:
1255:
1191:
1134:
931:
752:
731:
717:
597:
428:
383:. Among those traits were the loss of palatine teeth and the reduction of the
380:
320:
203:
127:
90:
55:
1912:
1784:
1629:
1497:
1463:
1296:
1100:
1007:
622:
588:
399:
lifestyle, though the eye never fully disappeared in the eutherocephalians.
344:
190:
157:
95:
39:
506:
1904:
1862:
1555:
1531:
916:
887:
579:
273:
177:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
1470:
492:
Benoit, Julien; Abdala, Fernando; Manger, Paul; Rubidge, Bruce (2016).
356:
100:
75:
1645:
1359:
573:
392:
167:
1839:
411:
Eutherocephalia contains the majority of therocephalians, yet the
408:
334:
375:
524:
1843:
1712:
1253:
684:
566:
528:
431:, all of which lie within Eutherocephalia, remains debated.
1920:
453:"Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids"
460:
Annual Review of
Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
1852:
1628:
1593:
1541:
1514:
1480:
1453:
1266:
1190:
1124:
1083:
1059:
969:
942:
871:
769:
742:
697:
648:
621:
347:. Eutherocephalians are distinguished from the
1940:
540:
363:. The group eventually became extinct in the
8:
1947:
1933:
1840:
1709:
1547:
1274:
1263:
1250:
1065:
879:
709:
705:
694:
681:
627:
618:
563:
547:
533:
525:
120:Life restoration of the eutherocephalian
111:
20:
505:
472:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114113
440:
359:period, eutherocephalians survived the
446:
444:
387:. The latter organ is instrumental in
7:
1901:
1899:
451:Rubidge, B.S.; Sidor, C.A. (2001).
333:("true beast head") is an extinct
14:
361:Permian–Triassic extinction event
1903:
1824:
1823:
1694:
1688:
1235:
1228:
1222:
144:
1:
498:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1919:. You can help Knowledge by
1976:Middle Triassic extinctions
16:Extinct clade of therapsids
1997:
1898:
1971:Permian first appearances
1819:
1723:
1708:
1686:
1550:
1277:
1262:
1249:
1220:
1068:
882:
712:
708:
693:
680:
630:
617:
562:
269:
264:
141:Scientific classification
139:
119:
110:
23:
1915:-related article is a
507:10.4202/app.00219.2015
256:Hopson and Barghusen,
1878:Paleobiology Database
377:convergent evolution
265:Families and genera
391:among lizards and
1966:Eutherocephalians
1928:
1927:
1893:
1892:
1846:Taxon identifiers
1837:
1836:
1815:
1814:
1704:
1703:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1667:Traversodontoides
1339:Jiucaiyuangnathus
1245:
1244:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1186:
1185:
1036:Promoschorhynchus
867:
866:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
328:
327:
260:
1988:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1907:
1900:
1886:
1885:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1841:
1827:
1826:
1743:Blattoidealestes
1710:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1595:Ericiolacertidae
1548:
1346:Macroscelesaurus
1275:
1264:
1251:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1226:
1066:
880:
710:
706:
695:
682:
628:
619:
612:
611:
564:
549:
542:
535:
526:
519:
518:
516:
514:
509:
489:
483:
482:
480:
474:. Archived from
457:
448:
389:thermoregulation
255:
250:
234:
218:
149:
148:
115:
105:
42:
27:Temporal range:
21:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1981:Therapsid stubs
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1854:Eutherocephalia
1848:
1838:
1833:
1811:
1719:
1700:
1693:
1672:
1624:
1589:
1537:
1510:
1476:
1449:
1430:Silphictidoides
1388:Scalopocephalus
1367:Nanictocephalus
1318:Ictidosuchoides
1283:Homodontosaurus
1271:
1258:
1241:
1234:
1206:
1182:
1120:
1079:
1055:
987:Annatherapsidus
971:Akidnognathidae
965:
944:Chthonosauridae
938:
876:
874:Eutherocephalia
863:
851:Pristerognathus
794:Biarmosuchoides
771:Scylacosauridae
765:
738:
725:Porosteognathus
702:
689:
664:
644:
613:
569:
568:
558:
553:
523:
522:
512:
510:
491:
490:
486:
478:
455:
450:
449:
442:
437:
417:Akidnognathidae
405:
373:
371:Characteristics
365:Middle Triassic
331:Eutherocephalia
301:Akidnognathidae
254:
252:Eutherocephalia
248:
232:
216:
143:
126:preying on the
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
38:260–242.5
37:
36:
33:Middle Triassic
25:
24:Eutherocephalia
17:
12:
11:
5:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1908:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1874:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1660:Scalopognathus
1656:
1653:Microgomphodon
1649:
1642:
1634:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1619:Silphedosuchus
1615:
1607:
1599:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1563:Nothogomphodon
1559:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1409:Scalopolacerta
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1278:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1163:Moschowhaitsia
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1050:Zorillodontops
1046:
1043:Shiguaignathus
1039:
1032:
1029:Olivierosuchus
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
997:
994:Cerdosuchoides
990:
983:
975:
973:
967:
966:
964:
963:
956:
948:
946:
940:
939:
937:
936:
928:
920:
913:
910:Perplexisaurus
906:
899:
891:
883:
877:
872:
869:
868:
865:
864:
862:
861:
854:
847:
840:
833:
826:
819:
812:
805:
798:
790:
787:Alopecognathus
783:
775:
773:
767:
766:
764:
763:
756:
748:
746:
740:
739:
737:
736:
728:
721:
713:
703:
698:
691:
690:
685:
678:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
666:
665:
663:
662:
661:
660:
654:
652:
646:
645:
643:
642:
641:
640:
631:
625:
615:
614:
610:
609:
607:Eutheriodontia
600:
591:
582:
576:
567:
560:
559:
554:
552:
551:
544:
537:
529:
521:
520:
484:
481:on 2012-03-21.
439:
438:
436:
433:
404:
403:Classification
401:
372:
369:
353:scylacosaurids
342:therocephalian
326:
325:
324:
323:
318:
313:
311:Nanictidopidae
308:
303:
298:
291:
284:
277:
267:
266:
262:
261:
246:
239:
238:
230:
223:
222:
214:
207:
206:
201:
194:
193:
188:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1993:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1830:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1729:Alopecorhinus
1726:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1691:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1604:Ericiolacerta
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1584:Scaloposaurus
1581:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1423:Scaloposuchus
1420:
1418:
1417:
1416:Scaloporhinus
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1402:Scalopodontes
1399:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1325:Ictidosuchops
1322:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1311:Ictidognathus
1308:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1170:Theriognathus
1167:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1156:Microwhaitsia
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1142:Ictidochampsa
1139:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1094:Gorochovetzia
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
995:
991:
989:
988:
984:
982:
981:
980:Akidnognathus
977:
976:
974:
972:
968:
962:
961:
957:
955:
954:
953:Chthonosaurus
950:
949:
947:
945:
941:
934:
933:
929:
926:
925:
924:Scylacosuchus
921:
919:
918:
914:
912:
911:
907:
905:
904:
900:
897:
896:
895:Kotelcephalon
892:
890:
889:
885:
884:
881:
878:
875:
870:
860:
859:
858:Scylacosaurus
855:
853:
852:
848:
846:
845:
841:
839:
838:
834:
832:
831:
827:
825:
824:
820:
818:
817:
813:
811:
810:
806:
804:
803:
799:
796:
795:
791:
789:
788:
784:
782:
781:
777:
776:
774:
772:
768:
762:
761:
757:
755:
754:
750:
749:
747:
745:
741:
734:
733:
729:
727:
726:
722:
720:
719:
715:
714:
711:
707:
704:
701:
700:Therocephalia
696:
692:
688:
687:Therocephalia
683:
679:
658:
657:
656:
655:
653:
651:
650:Therocephalia
647:
639:
635:
634:
633:
632:
629:
626:
624:
620:
616:
608:
604:
601:
599:
595:
592:
590:
586:
583:
581:
577:
575:
571:
570:
565:
561:
557:
556:Therocephalia
550:
545:
543:
538:
536:
531:
530:
527:
508:
503:
499:
495:
488:
485:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
454:
447:
445:
441:
434:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
402:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
340:
336:
332:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
296:
295:Scylacosuchus
292:
290:
289:
285:
283:
282:
281:Chthonosaurus
278:
276:
275:
271:
270:
268:
263:
259:
253:
247:
244:
241:
240:
237:
236:Scylacosauria
231:
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:Therocephalia
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
134:
133:
129:
125:
124:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
34:
30:
22:
19:
1921:expanding it
1910:
1895:
1853:
1806:Trochosuchus
1804:
1799:Trochosaurus
1797:
1792:Trochorhinus
1790:
1783:
1778:Scymnosaurus
1776:
1771:Ictidosaurus
1769:
1762:
1757:Hyaenasuchus
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1716:Nomina dubia
1714:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1639:Antecosuchus
1637:
1617:
1611:Pedaeosaurus
1609:
1602:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1543:Bauriamorpha
1530:
1523:
1516:Regisauridae
1505:Tetracynodon
1503:
1496:
1491:Choerosaurus
1489:
1482:Lycideopidae
1469:
1462:
1442:
1437:Silpholestes
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1332:Ictidosuchus
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1290:Icticephalus
1288:
1281:
1227:
1177:Viatkosuchus
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1149:Megawhaitsia
1147:
1140:
1133:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:Hofmeyriidae
1072:
1061:Whaitsioidea
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1022:Notaelurodon
1020:
1015:Moschorhinus
1013:
1006:
1001:Euchambersia
999:
992:
985:
978:
958:
951:
930:
922:
915:
908:
901:
893:
886:
873:
856:
849:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
800:
792:
785:
778:
760:Simorhinella
758:
751:
744:Lycosuchidae
730:
723:
716:
602:
593:
584:
511:. Retrieved
497:
487:
476:the original
463:
459:
421:Hofmeyriidae
413:phylogenetic
406:
397:homeothermic
385:parietal eye
374:
330:
329:
306:Hofmeyriidae
293:
286:
279:
272:
251:
242:
226:
210:
197:
184:
130:
123:Moschorhinus
121:
29:Late Permian
18:
1764:Ictidoparia
1750:Dongusaurus
1736:Arnognathus
1570:Notictoides
1455:Karenitidae
1444:Yikezhaogia
1381:Rhigosaurus
1374:Polycynodon
1304:Ictidodraco
1126:Whaitsiidae
1115:Mirotenthes
1108:Ictidostoma
1074:Ophidostoma
960:Ichibengops
903:Nanictidops
844:Pardosuchus
837:Maraisaurus
830:Koksharovia
823:Julognathus
816:Hyorhynchus
809:Glanosuchus
802:Eutheriodon
466:: 449–480.
425:Whaitsiidae
349:lycosuchids
316:Whaitsiidae
288:Ichibengops
132:Lystosaurus
1960:Categories
1577:Ordosiodon
1525:Regisaurus
1395:Scalopodon
1353:Malasaurus
1269:Baurioidea
1256:Baurioidea
1201:see below↓
1192:Baurioidea
1135:Dalongkoua
932:Cynodontia
780:Alopecodon
753:Lycosuchus
732:Cynodontia
718:Gorynychus
659:see below↓
598:Therapsida
435:References
429:Baurioidea
381:Cynodontia
345:therapsids
321:Baurioidea
204:Therapsida
128:dicynodont
1913:therapsid
1785:Tamboeria
1630:Bauriidae
1498:Lycideops
1464:Karenites
1297:Ictidodon
1101:Hofmeyria
1008:Jiufengia
638:Synapsida
623:Synapsida
589:Synapsida
572:Kingdom:
191:Synapsida
164:Kingdom:
158:Eukaryota
1869:Q5414473
1863:Wikidata
1829:Category
1556:Hazhenia
1532:Urumchia
917:Purlovia
888:Caodeyao
580:Chordata
578:Phylum:
574:Animalia
339:advanced
274:Caodeyao
178:Chordata
174:Phylum:
168:Animalia
154:Domain:
1471:Mupashi
513:23 June
357:Permian
1646:Bauria
1360:Muchia
427:, and
393:snakes
1911:This
1883:67365
603:Clade
594:Clade
585:Clade
479:(PDF)
456:(PDF)
409:clade
379:with
335:clade
243:Clade
227:Clade
211:Clade
198:Clade
185:Clade
1917:stub
636:see
515:2020
407:The
351:and
258:1986
46:PreꞒ
502:doi
468:doi
337:of
1962::
1880::
1865::
605::
596::
587::
500:.
496:.
464:32
462:.
458:.
443:^
423:,
419:,
367:.
245::
229::
213::
200::
187::
135:.
96:Pg
40:Ma
35:,
1948:e
1941:t
1934:v
1923:.
1614:?
935:?
927:?
898:?
797:?
735:?
548:e
541:t
534:v
517:.
504::
470::
249:†
233:†
217:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
31:-
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