687:
527:
349:
2141:
574:
While preparing to face the Arabs, he wrote a letter to
Farrukhzad, which said that he should raise an army and go to Adurbadagan, while reminding him that Yazdegerd III was the only heritage left from the Sasanians. Rostam then set out from Ctesiphon in command of a large Sasanian force to confront
706:
at the foot of the mountain just outside Ray. Farrukhzad led some of Nu'aym's cavalry by a little-known way into the city, from where they attacked the
Mihranid army's rear, causing great bloodshed. Siyavakhsh's army was in the end defeated and he was himself killed. To set an example, Nu'aym then
486:, the sister of Boran. Azarmidokht, under the advice of the Sasanian nobles, recalled Farrukhzad from his arrest and invited him to serve the Sasanians once again. Farrukhzad, however, declined the invitation and refused to serve under a woman. He then retired in a fire-temple at Istakhr.
364:
was "so close to
Khusrow II that none dared to approach him without his permission". In 626, Shahrbaraz and Farrukhzad's father and brother rebelled. In 627, Khosrow then sent Farrukhzad to negotiate with Shahbaraz, who was camping near the Sasanian capital of
590:
with his property, family and 1,000 servants. Farrukhzad, however, also fled to Hulwan after a small and disheartening clash with the Arabs. In 637, Ctesiphon was captured by the Arabs. Meanwhile, Farrukhzad, along with
Yazdegerd III, the Mihranid officer
378:
Khosrow, however, began suspecting
Farrukhzad of treachery but kept it to himself, because he did not want to make the situation worse than it already was. At the same time, Farrukhzad was assembling more people who opposed Khosrow in order to stage a
455:. This divided the resources of the country. Furthermore, dams and canals became derelict, and a devastating plague erupted in the western provinces of Iran, killing half of the population along with Kavadh II, who was succeeded by his 8-year-old son
387:
from prison and along with several feudal families of the
Sasanian Empire, captured Ctesiphon and imprisoned Khosrow. Sheroe was then crowned as the new king and became known by his dynastic name of "Kavadh II".
369:. However, Farrukhzad secretly mutinied against Khosrow and joined Shahrbaraz. He then encouraged to remain undivided and not fear the fury of Khosrow. Furthermore, he also said that there were not any grandees (
509:. She was however, shortly killed by Rostam Farrokhzad, who then restored Boran to the throne. Later in 632, Farrukhzad was once again invited to serve the Sasanians, this time by the newly crowned king
737:
fled to an
Ispahbudhan/Bavand stronghold named Kula. Later in 673, Surkhab avenged his father by killing Valash, and then reconquered his fathers realm. He thereafter crowned himself as
710:
Farrukhzad then went to
Tabaristan, but at his arrival, he heard about the death of Yazdegerd under the orders of Mahoe Suri, which made him shave his hair and live as a monk in a
474:
On 27 April 629, Ardashir was overthrown and killed by
Shahrbaraz, who then usurped the throne. Forty days later, however, Farrukh Hormizd killed him and made Khosrow's daughter
270:
Although his real name was "Farrukhzad" (meaning "the son of
Farrukh" or "born with luck and happiness"), he is also known in other sources by various other names, such as
489:
In 631, Farrukh Hormizd, in order to seize power, asked Azarmidokht to marry him. Not daring to refuse, Azarmidokht had him killed with the aid of the Mihranid aristocrat
451:
Following the loss of territory required for the peace treaty, the embittered aristocracy started forming independent states within the Sasanian Empire, thus starting the
714:
at Kusan. When the Arabs invaded Tabaristan, Farrukhzad was requested by the locals to become their king, which he gladly accepted and which marked the foundation of the
250:
from one place to another until in 650, when Farrukhzad mutinied against his king, who was shortly killed by one of his servants. Farrukhzad later became the ruler of
186:(r. 590–628), he, along with several other powerful aristocrats made a conspiracy against the latter and ended his tyrannical rule. They thereafter put Khosrow's son
643:. Meanwhile, Yazdegerd III fled to southern Iran and stayed there until 648. It is not known if Farrukhzad was with Yazdegerd III during his stay in southern Iran.
478:
the new monarch of the Sasanian Empire. Boran then appointed Farrukh Hormizd as the minister of the empire. She, was, however, quickly deposed by Shahrbaraz's son
309:
557:, a town close to Ctesiphon, which made Rostam Farrokhzad take action himself. However, Farrukhzad was unable to take part, because he was serving as the
467:
from several families who had rallied under him. During the time same time, however, Piruz Khosrow also formed an faction in southern Iran, known as the
321:
2324:
1977:
679:, a city which was part of his domains. Farrukhzad then continued his journey to Ray, but before reaching the city met the Arab general Nu'aym near
2334:
1890:
1817:
1796:
586:
faction. He then raised an army at Adurbadagan, and went to Ctesiphon, where he was appointed as its commander by Yazdegerd III, who fled to
718:. He then gathered an army, defeated the Arabs, and made a peace treaty with them. Farrukhzad would rule Tabaristan including some parts of
707:
ordered the destruction of the aristocratic quarter of Ray. However, the town was later rebuilt by Farrukhzad, who became the ruler of Ray.
659:, to give absolute control of the city over to him. Mahoe, however, disobeyed him. Farrukhzad then advised Yazdegerd III to take refugee in
675:, who was part of the conspiracy against Khosrow II and had taken part in Rostam's clash with the Arabs, but after the defeat had fled to
2339:
2329:
2309:
1841:
554:
513:, who was a puppet king of Farrukhzad's brother, Rostam Farrokhzad. Farrukhzad accepted and all his properties were restored to him.
1831:
651:
Around 650, Yazdegerd III, along with Farrukhzad, arrived to Khorasan. Yazdegerd III then appointed Farrukhzad as the governor of
435:
to execute his father. With the agreement of the nobles of the Sasanian Empire, Kavadh then made peace with the Byzantine emperor
2284:
360:
Farrukhzad is first mentioned during the reign of Khosrow II, where he occupied high offices and according to the Iranian poet
2319:
2304:
2294:
452:
190:(r. 628) on the throne, whose rule lasted only a few months, before he was killed by a plague, being succeeded by his son
2344:
2220:
1970:
428:
663:. Yazdegerd III, however, did not accept his advice. Farrukhzad later made a mutiny against Yazdegerd III and left for
2194:
2238:
2262:
2226:
695:
550:
395:; the House of Ispahbudhan represented by Farrukh Hormizd and his two sons Rostam Farrokhzad and Farrukhzad; the
212:
2188:
1862:
686:
526:
400:
1866:
599:, left Hulwan for Adurbadagan, but while they were moving to the place, they were ambushed by an Arab army at
2314:
2232:
2045:
1963:
1937:
149:
2176:
2123:
211:(r. 632–651) ascended the throne, order was somewhat restored. However, just as peace was about to come,
1788:
Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
313:
299:
171:
105:
2289:
703:
616:
479:
636:
603:, where they were defeated. Mihran Razi was killed during the battle, while Hormuzan had fled to
194:(r. 628–629), who was only after one year murdered by the rebellious former Sasanian army chief (
575:
the Arabs. The battle lasted three days, Rostam being defeated and killed during the last day.
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to execute all his brothers and half-brothers, including Khosrow II's favorite son and heir
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531:
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295:
232:
167:
127:
1901:
439:. Furthermore, he also took all the properties of Farrukhzad and put him under arrest in
215:, which resulted in the death of many Sasanian veterans, including Farrukhzad's brother
1986:
1921:
1876:
1827:
723:
715:
632:
259:
207:
These events greatly weakened the Sasanian Empire, but by 632, when Khosrow's grandson
175:
137:
117:
391:
The feudal families which overthrew Khosrow included: Shahrbaraz, who represented the
2278:
2111:
2099:
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of Khorasan and Adurbadagan, and as the new leader of the Ispahbudhan family and the
510:
494:
424:
208:
2140:
2158:
2075:
456:
432:
191:
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He then agreed to aid the Arabs against Siyavakhsh. The combined Ispahbudhan-Arab
1880:
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2117:
2105:
2093:
2087:
2039:
2021:
1806:
Zarrinkub, Abd al-Husain (1975). "The Arab conquest of Iran and its aftermath".
744:
711:
623:. During the same year (or in 643), Farrukhzad raised another army with his son
592:
534:
483:
337:
157:
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2069:
2027:
1809:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
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2015:
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739:
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568:
459:. Meanwhile, Farrukh Hormizd formed a faction in northern Iran known as the
436:
384:
366:
241:
187:
85:
28:
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1779:
History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Crossroads of Civilizations
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2009:
1947:
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413:
255:
245:
51:
671:, who was the ruler of the city. On his way to Ray, he met his ally
1731:
1729:
685:
615:, killing Piruz Khosrow including other Sasanian officers such as
546:
542:
525:
475:
347:
1955:
1530:
1528:
578:
After the death of his brother, Farrukhzad succeeded him as the
320:—he was one of the generals who led the Sasanian army during the
820:
691:
652:
505:
1959:
178:, ruling from 651 to 665. Originally a powerful servant of the
1777:
Ahmad Hasan Dani, B. A. Litvinsky, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Masson,
1758:
1756:
722:
peacefully in 14 years, until he was murdered around 665 by a
1608:
1606:
1569:
1567:
254:
in 651, and would rule the region until his murder in 665 by
344:
The war with the Byzantines and the overthrow of Khosrow II
219:
himself. Farrukhzad thereafter succeeded the latter as the
1812:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–57.
704:
then engaged in a night battle against Siyavakhsh's army
730:, whose family was at war with Farrukhzad's family.
238:
However, Farrukhzad was unable to defeat the Arabs,
2210:
2148:
1993:
541:However, during the same year, the majority of the
133:
123:
111:
99:
77:
65:
57:
47:
39:
21:
262:aristocrat, who thereafter conquered his domains.
231:) faction, which had been formed by their father
743:(ruler) of the Bavand dynasty at his capital in
383:. In 628, Farrukhzad freed Khosrow's eldest son
1624:
332:(r. 590–628). Farrukhzad had one brother named
213:the Sasanian Empire was invaded by Muslim Arabs
240:and was in 643, after having seen the loss of
1971:
161:
8:
1762:
1735:
1720:
1708:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1648:
1636:
1612:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1558:
1546:
1534:
248:, Farrukhzad, along with Yazdegerd III, fled
1836:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–432.
1978:
1964:
1956:
1912:
611:. In 642, the Arabs captured Nahavand and
482:, who after a brief reign was replaced by
18:
1660:
1868:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5
1747:
1524:
1833:The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History
571:, a province far away from Ctesiphon.
1906:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition
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1791:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
324:, but in 626 along with his comrade
431:. Three days later, Kavadh ordered
411:. Kavadh II thereafter ordered his
328:rebelled against the Sasanian king
162:
733:After Farrukhzad's death, his son
683:in 651, whom he made peace with.
647:Flight to Khorasan, rule and death
563:(general of a frontier province, "
336:, who at that time resided in the
298:, a prominent aristocrat from the
14:
463:(Parthian) faction, a faction of
447:The Sasanian civil war of 628-632
322:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
2325:Governors of the Sasanian Empire
2139:
302:, who served as the army chief (
1785:Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008).
667:, to avenge his father against
1882:Iraq After The Muslim Conquest
655:and ordered Baraz, the son of
1:
2335:7th-century murdered monarchs
545:, united under the banner of
453:Sasanian civil war of 628-632
1900:Shapur Shahbazi, A. (2005).
553:. By 636, the Arabs were at
522:The invasion of western Iran
153:
551:invaded the Sasanian Empire
235:, who was murdered in 631.
2361:
2340:7th-century Iranian people
493:, who was the grandson of
294:Farrukhzad was the son of
204:, who usurped the throne.
2330:Generals of Yazdegerd III
2310:Murdered Persian monarchs
2137:
1944:
1935:
1929:
1915:
1549:, pp. 150, 235, 424.
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517:The Arab invasion of Iran
26:
401:Varaztirots II Bagratuni
407:faction represented by
399:faction represented by
174:and the founder of the
16:Ispahbadh of Tabaristan
2285:Generals of Khosrow II
1865:(1988). "BAHRĀM (2)".
699:
635:. They were, however,
538:
357:
280:Zinabi Abu'l-Farrukhan
223:and the leader of the
2149:Ispahbadhiyya branch
1885:. Gorgias Press LLC.
696:Arab invasion of Iran
689:
607:and Piruz Khosrow to
595:, Piruz Khosrow, and
537:and its surroundings.
529:
375:) who supported him.
351:
2320:Zoroastrian monarchs
2305:Rulers of Tabaristan
2295:House of Ispahbudhan
2211:Kinkhwariyya branch
1675:, pp. 235, 245.
1625:Shapur Shahbazi 2005
637:defeated at Waj Rudh
172:House of Ispahbudhan
170:aristocrat from the
106:House of Ispahbudhan
2345:History of Dagestan
2124:Abu Ja'far Muhammad
1871:. pp. 514–522.
1750:, pp. 514–522.
1738:, pp. 251–252.
1723:, pp. 260–262.
1711:, pp. 259–260.
1639:, p. 231, 234.
1537:, pp. 304–318.
617:Shahrvaraz Jadhuyih
480:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
471:(Persian) faction.
2054:(usurper, 825–839)
2012:(usurper, 665–673)
1938:King of Tabaristan
1902:"SASANIAN DYNASTY"
1877:Morony, Michael G.
700:
539:
403:; and finally the
358:
300:Ispahbudhan family
2272:
2271:
2214:
2183:Shah Ghazi Rustam
2152:
1997:
1994:Kayusiyya branch
1954:
1953:
1945:Succeeded by
1892:978-1-59333-315-7
1819:978-0-521-20093-6
1798:978-1-84511-645-3
1763:Pourshariati 2008
1736:Pourshariati 2008
1721:Pourshariati 2008
1709:Pourshariati 2008
1697:Pourshariati 2008
1685:Pourshariati 2008
1673:Pourshariati 2008
1649:Pourshariati 2008
1637:Pourshariati 2008
1613:Pourshariati 2008
1598:Pourshariati 2008
1586:Pourshariati 2008
1574:Pourshariati 2008
1559:Pourshariati 2008
1547:Pourshariati 2008
1535:Pourshariati 2008
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1516:
1318:Rostam Farrokhzad
334:Rostam Farrokhzad
217:Rostam Farrokhzad
143:
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1930:Preceded by
1913:
1909:
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1863:Shahbazi, A. Sh.
1858:
1856:
1855:
1846:. Archived from
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1802:
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690:Map of northern
249:
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19:
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1941:
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1526:
1522:
1189:Farrukh Hormizd
753:
726:nobleman named
649:
639:, a village in
524:
519:
449:
420:wuzurg framadar
346:
296:Farrukh Hormizd
292:
268:
239:
233:Farrukh Hormizd
128:Farrukh Hormizd
94:
92:
88:
84:
70:
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12:
11:
5:
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1991:
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1987:Bavand dynasty
1985:
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1968:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1922:Bavand dynasty
1919:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1897:
1891:
1873:
1859:
1843:978-0199875757
1842:
1824:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1782:
1781:, p. 228.
1773:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1765:, p. 293.
1752:
1740:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1699:, p. 246.
1689:
1687:, p. 248.
1677:
1665:
1661:Zarrinkub 1975
1653:
1651:, p. 229.
1641:
1629:
1617:
1615:, p. 291.
1602:
1600:, p. 173.
1590:
1588:, p. 148.
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716:Bavand dynasty
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448:
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176:Bavand dynasty
150:Middle Persian
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138:Zoroastrianism
135:
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2112:Shahriyar III
2110:
2107:
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2100:Shahriyar III
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1850:on 2019-01-01
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1748:Shahbazi 1988
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521:
516:
514:
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511:Yazdegerd III
508:
507:
502:
501:
497:, the famous
496:
495:Bahram Chobin
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
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458:
454:
446:
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438:
434:
430:
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425:Piruz Khosrow
422:
421:
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406:
402:
398:
394:
393:Mihran family
389:
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209:Yazdegerd III
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53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
35:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2159:Shahriyar IV
2076:Shahriyar II
2003:
1936:
1920:
1905:
1881:
1867:
1852:. Retrieved
1848:the original
1832:
1808:
1787:
1778:
1743:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1593:
1581:
1554:
1542:
1324:
738:
732:
709:
701:
650:
583:
579:
577:
573:
558:
540:
504:
503:and briefly
498:
488:
473:
468:
460:
457:Ardashir III
450:
433:Mihr Hormozd
418:
412:
405:Kanarangiyan
390:
377:
370:
359:
303:
293:
283:
279:
275:
271:
269:
237:
224:
220:
206:
195:
192:Ardashir III
154:Farrūkhzādag
145:
144:
27:
2265:(1334–1349)
2259:(1328–1334)
2253:(1310–1328)
2247:(1300–1310)
2245:Shahriyar V
2241:(1271–1300)
2229:(1249–1271)
2223:(1238–1249)
2221:Ardashir II
2213:(1238–1349)
2203:(1205–1210)
2197:(1173–1205)
2191:(1165–1173)
2185:(1142–1165)
2179:(1118–1142)
2173:(1117–1118)
2167:(1114–1117)
2161:(1074–1114)
2151:(1074–1210)
2132:(1057–1074)
2118:al-Marzuban
2106:al-Marzuban
2094:Sharwin III
2088:al-Marzuban
2040:Shahriyar I
2022:Mihr Mardan
1917:Farrukhzad
751:Family tree
712:fire temple
694:during the
593:Mihran Razi
555:al-Qadisiya
535:Mesopotamia
484:Azarmidokht
381:coup d'état
338:Adurbadagan
314:Adurbadagan
276:Zad Farrukh
158:New Persian
61:7th-century
2290:665 deaths
2279:Categories
2195:Ardashir I
2171:Rustam III
2126:(???–1027)
2120:(998–1006)
2070:Sharwin II
2028:Surkhab II
2004:Farrukhzad
1996:(651–1074)
1854:2014-12-26
1520:References
1496:Isfandyadh
1325:Farrukhzad
669:Siyavakhsh
661:Tabaristan
657:Mahoe Suri
625:Isfandyadh
621:Mardanshah
506:shahanshah
491:Siyavakhsh
429:Mardanshah
354:Khosrow II
340:province.
330:Khosrow II
326:Shahrbaraz
252:Tabaristan
202:Shahrbaraz
184:Khosrow II
146:Farrukhzad
90:Isfandyadh
72:Tabaristan
33:Tabaristan
22:Farrukhzad
2239:Yazdagird
2165:Qarin III
2108:(987–998)
2102:(986-987)
2090:(979–986)
2084:(964–979)
2082:Rustam II
2078:(930–964)
2072:(896–930)
2066:(867–895)
2060:(839–867)
2042:(817–825)
2036:(772–817)
2034:Sharwin I
2030:(755–772)
2024:(717–755)
2018:(673–717)
2016:Surkhab I
2006:(651–665)
1879:(2005) .
1507:Farrukhan
1489:Surkhab I
740:ispahbadh
735:Surkhab I
720:Abarshahr
629:Dailamite
605:Khuzestan
569:Balasagan
465:Parthians
437:Heraclius
367:Ctesiphon
308:) of the
272:Khurrazad
242:Ctesiphon
188:Kavadh II
166:) was an
95:Farrukhan
86:Surkhab I
48:Successor
29:Ispahbadh
2300:Spahbeds
2263:Hasan II
2227:Muhammad
2201:Rustam V
2130:Qarin II
2064:Rustam I
1942:651-665
1830:(2012).
1206:Vinduyih
1027:Vinduyih
673:Kanadbak
631:general
627:and the
609:Nahavand
597:Hormuzan
565:margrave
532:Sasanian
409:Kanadbak
397:Armenian
372:wuzurgan
362:Ferdowsi
352:Coin of
318:Khorasan
229:Parthian
180:Sasanian
134:Religion
2189:Hasan I
2058:Qarin I
1772:Sources
1483:Shahram
1197:Tiruyih
1042:Vistahm
724:Karenid
641:Hamadan
580:spahbed
560:marzban
530:Map of
500:spahbed
441:Istakhr
305:spahbed
260:Karenid
221:spahbed
197:spahbed
168:Iranian
113:Dynasty
83:Shahram
43:651–665
2235:(1271)
2233:Ali II
2052:Mazyar
2046:Shapur
2010:Valash
1948:Valash
1889:
1840:
1816:
1795:
1502:Bahram
917:Shapur
728:Valash
681:Qazvin
613:Spahan
601:Jalula
588:Hulwan
584:Pahlav
567:") of
469:Parsig
461:Pahlav
414:vizier
385:Sheroe
290:Family
256:Valash
246:Spahan
225:Pahlav
163:فرخزاد
124:Father
93:Bahram
52:Valash
2177:Ali I
2114:(998)
2096:(986)
2048:(825)
745:Perim
547:Islam
543:Arabs
476:Boran
310:kusts
182:king
101:House
79:Issue
40:Reign
1932:None
1887:ISBN
1838:ISBN
1814:ISBN
1793:ISBN
821:Bawi
692:Iran
653:Merv
633:Muta
619:and
316:and
282:and
266:Name
258:, a
244:and
66:Died
58:Born
677:Tus
665:Ray
312:of
284:Bav
69:665
31:of
2281::
1904:.
1755:^
1728:^
1605:^
1566:^
1527:^
747:.
549:,
443:.
423:)
286:.
278:,
274:,
200:)
160::
156:;
152::
1979:e
1972:t
1965:v
1908:.
1895:.
1857:.
1822:.
1801:.
1627:.
698:.
417:(
356:.
227:(
148:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.