238:
437:
spelled backwards), but the latter is rarely used. In current practice, interrobang-like emphatic ambiguity in
Hispanic languages is usually achieved by including both sets of punctuation marks one inside the other
277:
American Martin K. Speckter (June 14, 1915 – February 14, 1988) conceptualized the interrobang in 1962. As the head of an advertising agency, Speckter believed that advertisements would look better if
1245:
621:
229:
Writers using informal language may use several alternating question marks and exclamation marks for even more emphasis. However, this is regarded as poor style in formal writing.
2610:
892:
817:
760:
1365:
1409:
1321:
871:
207:
A sentence ending with an interrobang asks a question in an excited manner, expresses excitement, disbelief or confusion in the form of a question, or asks a
1464:
457:
1428:
1925:
1238:
664:
426:
282:
conveyed surprised rhetorical questions using a single mark. He proposed the concept of a single punctuation mark in an article in the magazine
1166:
1288:
1013:
847:
1083:
932:
2691:
731:
2341:
1457:
902:
809:
606:
306:
is printers' slang for the exclamation mark. Graphic treatments for the new mark were also submitted in response to the article.
1345:‽ How can replacing a 1% or even a 20% chance of a bad thing with a 100% chance of the same bad thing make investors better off?
638:(defamation proceedings between former Federal Opposition Leader Mark Latham and political campaigner and writer Osman Faruqi).
252:
Historically, writers have used multiple consecutive punctuation marks to end a sentence expressing both surprise and question.
787:
2681:
1191:
970:
754:
245:
1049:
2633:
1357:
20:
1138:
2356:
1450:
1314:
645:, an interrobang is used to represent a dubious move, one that is questionable but possibly has merits. (See also the
1107:
868:
1131:
1216:
940:
646:
631:
100:
27:
1032:
1425:
1387:
473:
Few modern typefaces or fonts include a glyph for the interrobang character. The standard interrobang is at
96:
90:
323:
263:
326:
and included the interrobang as one of the characters. In 1968, an interrobang key was available on some
2628:
1742:
402:
398:
394:
413:
An upside-down interrobang (combining ¿ and ¡, Unicode character: ⸘), suitable for starting phrases in
1011:
Smith-Corona flyer illustrating the
Changeable Type system with an exclamation mark / interrobang unit
2686:
2655:
2638:
2524:
2099:
1442:
1310:
617:
319:
2159:
315:
2645:
2371:
2269:
2114:
1682:
1527:
1497:
382:
208:
1010:
2660:
2650:
1403:
839:
671:
414:
196:
1080:
944:
1997:
1940:
1341:
of antitrust litigation, the company should be put through the litigation wringer (this suit)
1162:
658:
422:
418:
446:). Older usage, still official but not widespread, recommended mixing the punctuation marks:
2386:
2307:
2231:
1891:
609:, in Australia, uses an interrobang as its logo, as does the educational publishing company
386:
374:
286:. Speckter solicited possible names for the new character from readers. Contenders included
192:
184:
115:
503:. Single-character versions of the double-glyph versions are also available at code points
2617:
2559:
2174:
1432:
1195:
1184:
1142:
1087:
1036:
1017:
998:
Shady
Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, & Other Typographical Marks
875:
708:
634:
Justice
Michael Wigney used an interrobang in the first paragraph of his 2018 judgment in
373:
character set (on the right bracket and tilde keys on US keyboard layouts), included with
703:
563:
On macOS, it is found on the
Character Palette, obtained by pressing the key combination
345:
appeared in some dictionaries, and the mark was used in magazine and newspaper articles.
1279:
916:
Spekter, Martin K. (March–April 1962). "Making a New Point, or, How About That …".
723:
2421:
1599:
897:
327:
1437:
1274:
2675:
2509:
2129:
2057:
1876:
1853:
676:
468:
354:
188:
783:
2594:
2254:
2012:
1811:
338:
195:(also known in the jargon of printers and programmers as a "bang"). The glyph is a
1188:
974:
2042:
1978:
1963:
1474:
610:
537:
279:
2482:
2284:
2212:
1576:
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2027:
1697:
1637:
1614:
1542:
1135:
682:
370:
366:
1100:
1056:
341:
typewriters. The interrobang was in vogue for much of the 1960s; the word
2540:
2326:
2072:
1727:
1712:
756:
A Course of
Reading for Common Schools and the Lower Classes of Academies
334:
298:. He chose the name to reference the punctuation marks that inspired it:
242:
199:
of these two marks and was first proposed in 1962 by Martin K. Speckter.
237:
2578:
2467:
1652:
474:
390:
378:
353:
Most fonts do not include the interrobang, but it has not disappeared.
51:
1438:
99 Percent
Invisible podcast episode and article about the interrobang
1788:
1557:
613:, which thus intends to convey "the excitement and fun of learning".
1208:
19:
This article is about the typographical symbol. For other uses, see
2189:
2144:
1667:
1512:
1029:
642:
586:
533:
1834:
362:
1446:
357:, the default font for many UI elements of legacy versions of
130:
302:
is Latin for "rhetorical question" or "cross-examination";
142:
133:
1101:"Unicode Code Charts, Supplemental Punctuation, 2E00–2E7F"
458:
Upside-down question and exclamation marks § Mixtures
649: ?! (dubious move) and !? (interesting move).)
139:
118:
728:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1426:
National
Punctuation Day Reignites: Interrobang Passion
1030:
1050:"Unicode Code Charts, General Punctuation, 2000–206F"
121:
490:. The inverted interrobang is at Unicode code point
369:
provides several versions of the interrobang in the
333:. In the 1970s, replacement interrobang keycaps and
136:
127:
594:
590:
579:
256:
What the...?! Neves, Called Dead in Fall, Denies It
124:
49:
42:
37:
1180:
1178:
26:"!?" and "?!" redirect here. For chess signs, see
893:"Martin K. Speckter, 73, Creator of Interrobang"
810:"Martin K. Speckter, 73, Creator of Interrobang"
365:operating system, includes the interrobang, and
191:(also known as the interrogative point) and the
1189:Proposal to add INVERTED INTERROBANG to the UCS
686: – an Italian television series
254:
589:by using the package textcomp and the command
1458:
578:The interrobang can be inserted in HTML with
8:
1398:]. Vol. 14. Belgrade. pp. 8–9.
381:and is included in several fonts, including
159:(often represented by any of the following:
964:
962:
16:Combined question mark and exclamation mark
1465:
1451:
1443:
1408:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
593:. The inverted interrobang is the command
429:—is called an "inverted interrobang" or a
1358:"Faruqi v Latham [2018] FCA 1328"
187:intended to combine the functions of the
2611:Version of this table as a sortable list
937:Silva Rhetoricae: The Forest of Rhetoric
572:
568:
564:
557:
554:
551:
547:
544:
541:
236:
763:from the original on September 15, 2021
695:
665:Inverted question and exclamation marks
427:inverted question and exclamation marks
101:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1401:
882:. (15th ed.) Accessed August 28, 2007.
734:from the original on November 14, 2012
34:
1368:from the original on January 25, 2022
1337:We don't get it. In order to avoid a
1000:. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 29.
7:
2463: ⟨ ⟩
1219:from the original on January 8, 2022
1113:from the original on August 12, 2011
585:The interrobang can be displayed in
560:) creates the inverted interrobang.
540:, an interrobang can be produced by
1251:from the original on March 12, 2016
901:. February 16, 1988. Archived from
850:from the original on August 6, 2019
820:from the original on March 20, 2016
790:from the original on April 26, 2012
1327:from the original on July 18, 2018
1315:"Robert F. Booth Trust v. Crowley"
1291:from the original on July 30, 2018
730:(5th ed.). November 1, 2011.
14:
1136:Diccionario Panhispánico de Dudas
1239:"Pearson Brand Guidelines: Logo"
1209:"State Library |New South Wales"
626:Robert F. Booth Trust v. Crowley
620:used an interrobang in the 2012
607:State Library of New South Wales
114:
973:. fonthaus.com. Archived from
880:Chicago Manual of Style Online
709:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1:
1362:www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au
1161:(3rd ed.). Gijón: Trea.
622:United States Seventh Circuit
21:Interrobang (disambiguation)
1431:September 28, 2008, at the
1090:. Accessed August 28, 2007.
840:"Interrobang (Punctuation)"
2708:
2692:Symbols introduced in 1962
1926:inverted ! and ?
1159:Manual de diseño editorial
969:Haley, Allan (June 2001).
753:Mandeville, Henry (1851).
466:
455:
393:, the default font in the
25:
18:
2606:
2494:
2398:
2342:sound recording copyright
2296:
2201:
2084:
1952:
1865:
1800:
1626:
1486:
1039:Accessed August 28, 2007.
1035:October 13, 2004, at the
971:"The Interrobang Is Back"
878:. Chicago Style Q&A.
636:Faruqi v Latham FCA 1328
527:EXCLAMATION QUESTION MARK
514:QUESTION EXCLAMATION MARK
941:Brigham Young University
632:Australian Federal Court
409:Upside-down interrobang
337:were available for some
183:), is an unconventional
28:Chess annotation symbols
1157:de Buen, Jorge (2008).
1020:Accessed March 7, 2009.
1016:March 26, 2009, at the
996:Houston, Keith (2013).
550:; reversing the order (
377:. It was accepted into
2459: { }
2451: ( )
2436: « »
2432: ‹ ›
2417: " "
2413: ' '
2409: “ ”
2405: ‘ ’
1086:March 7, 2010, at the
874:April 2, 2015, at the
675: – an
536:system supporting the
324:American Type Founders
270:
264:San Francisco Examiner
249:
241:An interrobang in the
89:This article contains
2682:Typographical symbols
1388:Matanović, Aleksander
1244:. Pearson.com. 2016.
1215:. November 11, 2015.
1194:May 24, 2011, at the
816:. February 16, 1988.
456:Further information:
240:
150:), also known as the
2656:Japanese punctuation
2357:registered trademark
2242: |
2100:plus and minus signs
1493:
1311:Easterbrook, Frank H
1213:State Library of NSW
1141:May 8, 2020, at the
947:on November 19, 2005
618:Frank H. Easterbrook
595:\textinterrobangdown
501:INVERTED INTERROBANG
463:Entering and display
294:, but he settled on
218:You call that a hat‽
79:INVERTED INTERROBANG
2646:Chinese punctuation
2372:service mark symbol
2115:multiplication sign
1633: &
1392:Šahovski Informator
383:Lucida Sans Unicode
209:rhetorical question
2661:Korean punctuation
2651:Hebrew punctuation
931:Burton, Gideon O.
905:on March 20, 2016.
814:The New York Times
782:Gleckler, Arthur.
712:. Merriam-Webster.
647:evaluation symbols
250:
91:special characters
2669:
2668:
1998:ordinal indicator
1941:irony punctuation
1313:(June 13, 2012).
1273:(July 10, 2018).
1168:978-84-9704-378-6
1062:on August 4, 2011
784:"The Jargon File"
349:Continued support
97:rendering support
84:
83:
2699:
2618:Currency symbols
2598:
2597:
2591:
2583:
2582:
2581:(paragraph mark)
2575:
2571:
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2562:
2556:
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2544:
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2537:
2529:
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2437:
2433:
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2414:
2410:
2406:
2390:
2389:
2387:trademark symbol
2383:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2311:
2310:
2308:copyright symbol
2304:
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2266:
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1944:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1928:
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1918:
1910:
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1903:
1895:
1894:
1892:exclamation mark
1888:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1857:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1823:
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1199:
1185:Everson, Michael
1182:
1173:
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1120:
1118:
1112:
1105:
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1055:. Archived from
1054:
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1008:
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984:
982:
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943:. Archived from
928:
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591:\textinterrobang
581:
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387:Arial Unicode MS
375:Microsoft Office
268:
223:out of your mind
193:exclamation mark
185:punctuation mark
158:
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2672:
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2602:
2593:
2590: §
2589:
2587:
2577:
2574: ⸿
2573:
2570: ¶
2569:
2567:
2558:
2555: ⌑
2554:
2551: ◊
2550:
2548:
2539:
2536: ☞
2535:
2533:
2527:(hedera, aldus)
2523:
2520: ❧
2519:
2517:
2508:
2505: ‡
2504:
2501: †
2500:
2498:
2490:
2481:
2478: ”
2477:
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2466:
2462:
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2366:
2364:
2355:
2352: ®
2351:
2349:
2340:
2337: ℗
2336:
2334:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2306:
2303: ©
2302:
2300:
2292:
2283:
2280: ·
2279:
2277:
2268:
2265: •
2264:
2262:
2253:
2250: ‖
2249:
2246: ¦
2245:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2208: _
2207:
2205:
2197:
2188:
2185: ^
2184:
2182:
2175:minus-plus sign
2173:
2170: ∓
2169:
2167:
2160:plus–minus sign
2158:
2155: ±
2154:
2152:
2143:
2140: ~
2139:
2137:
2128:
2125: ÷
2124:
2122:
2113:
2110: ×
2109:
2107:
2098:
2095: −
2094:
2091: +
2090:
2088:
2080:
2071:
2068: ⌀
2067:
2065:
2056:
2053: °
2052:
2050:
2041:
2038: ‱
2037:
2035:
2026:
2023: ‰
2022:
2020:
2011:
2008: %
2007:
2005:
1996:
1993: ª
1992:
1989: º
1988:
1986:
1977:
1974: №
1973:
1971:
1962:
1959: #
1958:
1956:
1948:
1939:
1936: ⸮
1935:
1933:
1924:
1921: ¿
1920:
1917: ¡
1916:
1914:
1905:
1902: ‽
1901:
1899:
1890:
1887: !
1886:
1884:
1875:
1872: ?
1871:
1869:
1861:
1852:
1849: ⸗
1848:
1845: ⹀
1844:
1842:
1833:
1830: —
1829:
1826: –
1825:
1822: ‒
1821:
1819:
1810:
1807: -
1806:
1804:
1796:
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1781:
1778:
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1771:
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1761:
1757:
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1741:
1738: ⁂
1737:
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1723: *
1722:
1720:
1711:
1708: …
1707:
1705:
1696:
1693: \
1692:
1690:
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1678: /
1677:
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1663: ^
1662:
1660:
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1648: @
1647:
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1636:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1613:
1610: .
1609:
1607:
1598:
1595: ‴
1594:
1591: ″
1590:
1587: ′
1586:
1584:
1575:
1572: '
1571:
1568: ’
1567:
1565:
1556:
1553: ‐
1552:
1550:
1541:
1538: ;
1537:
1535:
1526:
1523: :
1522:
1520:
1511:
1508: ,
1507:
1505:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1471:
1433:Wayback Machine
1422:
1417:
1400:
1396:Chess Informant
1386:
1385:
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1371:
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1206:
1202:
1198:, April 1, 2005
1196:Wayback Machine
1183:
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1143:Wayback Machine
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1088:Wayback Machine
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1018:Wayback Machine
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876:Wayback Machine
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601:Examples of use
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1420:External links
1418:
1416:
1415:
1390:, ed. (1973).
1379:
1349:
1343:with certainty
1302:
1262:
1230:
1200:
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977:on May 7, 2008
958:
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316:Richard Isbell
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310:Early interest
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261:headline from
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214:For example:
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1479:typographical
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1372:September 16,
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1320:. p. 8.
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1280:99% Invisible
1276:
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1081:MSDN fontblog
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704:"Interrobang"
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476:
470:
469:Unicode input
462:
459:
454:
453:
449:
445:
444:¡¿De verdad?!
441:
440:¿¡De verdad!?
436:
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355:Lucida Grande
348:
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322:typeface for
321:
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267:, May 9, 1936
266:
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111:
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92:
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48:
41:
36:
33:
29:
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2634:Math symbols
2595:section mark
2255:vertical bar
2013:percent sign
1906:
1812:hyphen-minus
1395:
1391:
1382:
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1361:
1352:
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1305:
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1233:
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1212:
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1057:the original
1044:
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813:
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777:
767:November 22,
765:. Retrieved
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727:
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718:
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677:Italian film
670:
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616:Chief Judge
615:
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434:
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339:Smith-Corona
318:created the
313:
303:
300:interrogatio
299:
295:
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288:exclamaquest
287:
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180:
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109:
107:
88:
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2687:Punctuation
2043:basis point
1979:numero sign
1964:number sign
1907:interrobang
1475:punctuation
1283:(Podcast).
981:December 3,
869:Punctuation
824:February 9,
794:December 7,
672:Interrabang
580:‽
538:Compose key
488:INTERROBANG
477:code point
435:interrobang
431:gnaborretni
425:—which use
395:Office 2007
371:Wingdings 2
343:interrobang
331:typewriters
296:interrobang
292:exclarotive
280:copywriters
203:Application
110:interrobang
66:INTERROBANG
44:Interrobang
2676:Categories
2639:Whitespace
2623:Diacritics
2483:ditto mark
2285:interpunct
2213:underscore
1577:apostrophe
1477:and other
1285:Radiotopia
1271:Roman Mars
1223:January 8,
951:August 28,
691:References
659:Irony mark
467:See also:
152:interabang
2625:(accents)
2441:guillemet
2028:per mille
1698:backslash
1638:ampersand
1615:full stop
1543:semicolon
1404:cite book
918:TYPEtalks
854:August 6,
844:ThoughtCo
683:Interbang
367:Microsoft
335:typefaces
328:Remington
320:Americana
314:In 1965,
284:TYPEtalks
273:Invention
2541:manicule
2327:copyleft
1743:asterism
1728:asterisk
1713:ellipsis
1429:Archived
1366:Archived
1331:July 18,
1322:Archived
1295:July 29,
1289:Archived
1255:July 13,
1246:Archived
1217:Archived
1192:Archived
1139:Archived
1117:March 3,
1108:Archived
1084:Archived
1066:March 3,
1033:Archived
1014:Archived
872:Archived
848:Archived
818:Archived
788:Archived
761:Archived
738:June 14,
732:Archived
653:See also
624:opinion
524:⁉
511:⁈
498:⸘
485:‽
452:¿Verdad!
448:¡Verdad?
423:Asturian
419:Galician
405:suites.
259:—
246:Linotype
243:Palatino
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197:ligature
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2579:pilcrow
2560:lozenge
2525:fleuron
2468:bracket
2322:
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2227:
2223:
1784:
1753:
1653:at sign
1481:symbols
1473:Common
611:Pearson
552:Compose
542:Compose
475:Unicode
415:Spanish
391:Calibri
379:Unicode
233:History
52:Unicode
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389:, and
290:, and
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2190:caret
2145:tilde
1683:slash
1668:caret
1600:prime
1528:colon
1513:comma
1498:space
1394:[
1325:(PDF)
1318:(PDF)
1249:(PDF)
1242:(PDF)
1111:(PDF)
1104:(PDF)
1060:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
643:chess
587:LaTeX
573:Space
569:⌘ Cmd
534:Linux
532:On a
359:Apple
1835:dash
1410:link
1374:2020
1339:risk
1333:2018
1297:2018
1257:2017
1225:2022
1163:ISBN
1119:2011
1068:2011
983:2010
953:2007
856:2019
826:2017
796:2011
769:2013
740:2012
667:(¿¡)
605:The
565:Ctrl
516:and
421:and
403:2013
399:2010
363:OS X
304:bang
248:font
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