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117:, which was the language that all members could understand. As Jewish immigration declined, most landsmanshaft functions faded into the background, but the organizations nevertheless continued as a way of maintaining ties to life in Europe as well as providing a form of life insurance, disability and unemployment insurance, and subsidized burial.
143:, societies associated with a particular synagogue or social movement, and "ladies auxiliary" societies for women. (Landsmanshaftn frequently admitted only men as members, with the understanding that their wives and children were covered by their membership and received equivalent benefits, or had a ladies' auxiliary group for women). The
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Over time, landsmanshaftn lost members as they aged and died, and many became defunct. The next generation felt less need of a connection to Europe, relied on the national programs of the New Deal if they needed financial support during difficult times, and because they were not immigrants, didn't
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Members paid dues on a regular basis, and if they lost their jobs, became too sick to work, or died, the society paid the member or their family a benefit to keep them afloat during that time. When the funds were not needed to support members, landsmanshaftn frequently invested the money in funds
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project identified 2,468 landsmanshaftn in New York City, where the overwhelming number in the United States were located. The number of landsmanshaftn began to decline in the 1950s and 1960s as their members died and were not replaced by the next generation of their members' children. The vast
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need landsmanshaftn to socialize or meet others. When officers were not replaced, it sometimes resulted in difficulties for the relatives of members who died, because the officers were required to issue burial permits to the cemeteries in which their plots were located. The state of
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by providing social structure and support to those who arrived in the United States without the family networks and practical skills that had sustained them in Europe. Toward the end of the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th centuries, they provided immigrants help in learning
113:, through their own meetings and procedures such as voting on officers, holding debates on community issues, and paying dues to support the society. Through the first half of the 20th century, meetings were often conducted and minutes recorded in
147:/Arbeter Ring is a mutual aid society with more than 200 branches, but because it is not based on geography or members' hometowns, is not strictly a landsmanshaft even though it largely functions as one.
176:, stepped in to take over these functions for some groups. Many records of defunct landsmanshaftn eventually made their way from the New York State Department of Insurance to the archives of
129:, where the majority of Jews settled and conditions were conducive to sustaining these types of organizations, though they sometimes relocated as the membership migrated to the suburbs.
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majority became defunct, though some societies continue to meet regularly into the 21st century, and operate scores of burial plots in cemeteries in the
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Weisser, Michael R., A Brotherhood of Memory: Jewish
Landsmanshaftn in the New World, Cornell University Press, 1985,
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Jewish
Immigrant Associations and American Identity in New York, 1880-1939 - Jewish Landsmanshaftn in American Culture
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There were different types of landsmanshaftn, including Jewish burial societies known as
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Weisser, Michael R., A Brotherhood of Memory: Jewish
Landsmanshaftn in the New World,
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Mutual aid society of Jewish immigrants from the same
European town or region
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Jewish
Immigrant Associations and American Identity in New York, 1880-1939
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From
Alexandrovsk to Zyrardow: A Guide to YIVO's Landsmanshaftn Archive
299:"With Demise of Jewish Burial Societies, Resting Places Are in Turmoil"
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This article is about Jewish mutual aid societies. For other uses, see
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The landsmanshaft organizations aided immigrants' transitions from
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that supported the Jewish community in others ways, such as
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333:, New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 1986.
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Landsmanschaft - Immigrant
Benevolent Organizations
88:immigrants from the same European town or region.
286:. New York: I.L. Peretz Yiddish Writers’ Union.
340:, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2001.
8:
223:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
375:". Jewish Genealogical Society, New York
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329:Schwartz, Rosaline and Susan Milamed,
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125:. Most landsmanshaftn were based in
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379:Landsmanshaftn Records finding aid
347:, Cornell University Press, 1985,
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297:Vitello, Paul (August 2, 2009).
403:Jewish community organizations
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152:Works Progress Administration
282:Rontach, Isaac, ed. (1938).
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408:Jewish clubs and societies
157:New York metropolitan area
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413:Yiddish words and phrases
245:Cornell University Press
195:Federation of Expellees
174:Department of Insurance
219:Soyer, Daniel (1997).
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343:Weisser, Michael R.,
44:, New York City, 1903
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398:Mutual organizations
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150:In 1938, a federal
190:New Americans Club
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311:28 December
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392:Categories
365:JewishGen
206:References
64:; plural:
111:democracy
247:, 1985,
184:See also
170:New York
163:Decline
115:Yiddish
107:English
102:America
92:History
72:) is a
60:, also
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86:Jewish
133:Types
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