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Much of the original native vegetation has been displaced because of human activity, including felling forests for timber and firewood, clearing vegetation for grazing and agriculture, and introducing foreign plants and animals into the islands. The laurisilva
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In 2022, Macaronesia had an estimated combined population of 3,222,054 people; 2,172,944 (67%) in the Canary
Islands, 561,901 (17%) in Cape Verde, 250,769 (8%) in Madeira, and 236,440 (7%) in the Azores.
618:, once covered most of the Azores, Madeira, and parts of the Canaries at an altitude of between 400 and 1,200 metres (1,300 and 3,900 ft), the eastern Canaries and Cape Verde being too dry.
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is named after
Macaronesia. Because none of the Macaronesian islands were ever part of any continent, all of the native plants and animals reached the islands via long-distance dispersal.
728:
regulations, have resulted in the protection of large stretches of land and sea in the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary
Islands, totalling 5,000 km (1,900 sq mi).
1266:
530:. Due to the geographic location, varied relief and altitudinal ranges, the Macaronesian mountains represent a wide range of climates. These climates include
665:, which are found in the Macaronesian laurel forests, are also known, from fossil evidence, to have flourished around the Mediterranean before the ice ages.
1733:
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713: – currently pose one of the most serious threats to the endemic fauna. Even though cats prey mostly on other foreign-introduced mammals, such as
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1083:
825:
113:
1267:"Resident population (No.) by Place of residence, Sex and Age group; Decennial - Statistics Portugal, Population and housing census - 2021"
39:
160:
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is in the
African plate, the rest of the islands are in the diffuse boundary between the Eurasian and the African plates.
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1113:"The 1998 Faial earthquake, Azores: Evidence for a transform fault associated with the Nubia–Eurasia plate boundary?"
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and rabbits, the abundance of such prey sustains such a large feline population that it has initiated a so-called
1657:
1399:
1194:(2nd ed.). International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases for Plant Sciences. p. 37. Archived from
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539:
1069:
Nunes, João Carlos (2014). "The Azores
Archipelago: Islands of Geodiversity". In Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (ed.).
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process, which further increases that population's negative impact on the number of endemic reptiles and birds.
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that is unique in the world. They are home to several distinct plant and animal communities. Notably, the
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284:, an unrelated group of archipelagos in the Pacific Ocean whose English name is also derived from Greek.
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Marques, Fernando; Catalão, João; Hildenbrand, Anthony; Costa, Ana; Dias, Nuno (21 October 2014).
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1974:
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589:, when the climate of that region was more humid. These plant species, many of which are
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1932:
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706:
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515:
277:). The term fell out of use until it was revived in 1917 with its current meaning.
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has been reduced to small disconnected pockets. As a result, many of the endemic
2631:
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167:. Politically, the islands belonging to Portugal and Spain are part of the
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Since 2001, the
European Union's conservation efforts, mandated by its
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523:
474: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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The name is occasionally misspelled "Macronesia" in false analogy with
218:, the three archipelagos within the European Union constitute a unique
128:
593:, have evolved to adapt to the islands' variable climatic conditions.
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places the whole of
Macaronesia in its botanical continent of Africa.
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in the Azores. Macaronesian islands are created by volcanic activity.
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on the ocean floor whose peaks have risen above the ocean's surface.
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in origin, and are thought to be the product of several geologic
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In some locations, there are variations in climate due to the
443:
27:
Archipelagos off the
Atlantic coast of North Africa and Europe
1292:"The Historical Thesaurus of English; entry for Macarnonesia"
942:
Carracedo, Juan Carlos; Troll, Valentin R. (1 January 2021).
625:
and northwestern Africa before the cooling and drying of the
272:
266:
123:
Each of the archipelagos is a distinct political entity: the
944:"North-East Atlantic Islands: The Macaronesian Archipelagos"
621:
These forests resemble the ancient forests that covered the
1188:
228:
1221:"Población por comunidades y ciudades autónomas y sexo"
677:
Remaining patches of Macaronesia's threatened primeval
1342:"Stray pets: Cat diet in Macaronesia (Atlantic Ocean)"
1400:
European Union: Report on biodiversity in Macaronesia
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171:. Geologically, most of Macaronesia is part of the
681:forest, except in Cape Verde, were protected by
862:are in the North American plate, the island of
573:forests of Macaronesia are a type of mountain
210:while the other three archipelagos are in the
1727:
1425:
112:. Each archipelago is made up of a number of
8:
1405:Review on cats' diet on Macaronesian islands
1734:
1720:
1712:
1432:
1418:
1410:
705:Introduced predators – in particular
339:The flags of the Macaronesian archipelagos
1180:
1178:
490:Learn how and when to remove this message
68:
988:"Countries: UCLA Africa Studies Center"
879:
847:
937:
935:
826:List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean
7:
585:that originally covered much of the
472:adding citations to reliable sources
349:. In alphabetical order, these are:
253:to refer to any islands west of the
96:) is a collection of four volcanic
956:10.1016/B978-0-08-102908-4.00027-8
345:Macaronesia consists of four main
25:
698:of the islands are now seriously
224:Macaronesian Biogeographic Region
1387:
1242:"Population, total - Cabo Verde"
1038:"Makavol 2010 Teneguia Workshop"
914:"The Nine Islands of the Azores"
780:
766:
752:
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596:The Macaronesian islands have a
448:
414:
410:, a member of the United Nations
396:
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329:
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2713:Landforms of the Atlantic Ocean
522:The islands of Macaronesia are
459:needs additional citations for
1668:Central Australian or Eremaean
294:List of islands in Macaronesia
1:
1072:Volcanic Tourist Destinations
806:Geology of the Canary Islands
554:in the Canary Islands; and a
1313:"Macaronesian Climate Atlas"
542:climates in the Azores; the
273:
1132:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.024
1043:. Avcan.org. Archived from
216:European Environment Agency
2734:
1696:South Subantarctic Islands
510:from the 1957 eruption of
291:
267:
29:
2667:
1363:"The Macaronesian Region"
1158:"The Macaronesian Region"
546:climates in Madeira; the
257:. It is derived from the
1539:St. Helena and Ascension
1185:Brummitt, R. K. (2001).
1078:. Springer. p. 57.
1013:"Canary Islands – Spain"
263:islands of the fortunate
114:Atlantic oceanic islands
30:Not to be confused with
2708:Geographical neologisms
1471:North American Atlantic
1340:Jorge (28 March 2013).
948:Encyclopedia of Geology
888:"Where Is Macaronesia?"
246:was originally used by
2652:Eastern Slovak Lowland
2647:Little Hungarian Plain
1790:Scandinavian Peninsula
992:International.UCLA.edu
686:
629:. Trees of the genera
519:
206:archipelago is in the
173:African tectonic plate
116:, which are formed by
93:
85:
74:
2642:Great Hungarian Plain
2627:Pontic–Caspian steppe
1632:South African Kingdom
1511:Paleotropical Kingdom
1365:. European Commission
1017:greenwichmeantime.com
811:Geology of Cape Verde
801:Geology of the Azores
774:European Union portal
676:
612:Laurel-leaved forests
505:
440:Geography and geology
292:Further information:
72:
55:24.25667°N 22.47111°W
2155:North European Plain
1396:at Wikimedia Commons
950:. pp. 674–699.
552:semi-desert climates
468:improve this article
387:autonomous community
145:autonomous community
102:North Atlantic Ocean
2698:Floristic provinces
2127:East European Plain
1963:Carpathian Ruthenia
1594:Neotropical Kingdom
669:Conservation issues
623:Mediterranean Basin
587:Mediterranean Basin
581:plant species of a
506:Layers of volcanic
255:Strait of Gibraltar
214:. According to the
179:are located in the
104:, off the coast of
60:24.25667; -22.47111
51: /
2441:Tuscan Archipelago
2319:Cotentin Peninsula
1908:Danubian countries
1650:Australian Kingdom
1201:on 25 January 2016
1138:on 14 January 2024
1092:on 14 January 2024
920:. 20 November 2016
816:Geology of Madeira
687:
520:
208:Afrotropical realm
133:autonomous regions
75:
2703:Floristic regions
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2679:
2672:Regions of Europe
2436:Italian Peninsula
2329:Upper Rhine Plain
1709:
1708:
1678:Antarctic Kingdom
1607:Guayana Highlands
1524:Usambara-Zululand
1453:Holarctic Kingdom
1441:Floristic regions
1392:Media related to
1085:978-3-642-16190-2
831:Regions of Europe
711:feral populations
540:humid subtropical
500:
499:
492:
430:autonomous region
366:autonomous region
16:(Redirected from
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2612:Slavic countries
2453:Aegadian Islands
2269:Germania Slavica
2137:Cap of the North
2071:Greater Caucasus
2037:Karelian Isthmus
1980:Sambia Peninsula
1890:Cap of the North
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1691:Chile-Patagonian
1529:Sudano-Zambezian
1519:Guineo-Congolian
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1134:. Archived from
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1088:. Archived from
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788:Geography portal
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2637:Pannonian Basin
2622:Eurasian Steppe
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2534:Opuntian Locris
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2314:Channel Islands
2309:English Channel
2275:
2141:
2115:Southern Russia
2110:Taman Peninsula
2093:European Russia
2002:Lithuania Minor
1975:Sloboda Ukraine
1894:
1870:Channel Islands
1865:English Channel
1845:Gulf of Finland
1840:Gulf of Bothnia
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424:(including the
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200:biogeographical
181:triple junction
157:sovereign state
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2120:Kola Peninsula
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2049:Southeastern
2032:East Karelia
1933:Transylvania
1800:Baltoscandia
1795:Fennoscandia
1780:Northwestern
1701:Neozeylandic
1686:Fernandezian
1481:Macaronesian
1480:
1461:Circumboreal
1367:. Retrieved
1357:
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1335:
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1136:the original
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1045:the original
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702:or extinct.
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685:law in 2001.
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598:biogeography
595:
575:cloud forest
569:effect. The
564:
521:
486:
477:
466:Please help
461:verification
458:
347:archipelagos
344:
288:Archipelagos
279:
243:
241:
232:
202:system, the
197:
183:between the
122:
106:North Africa
98:archipelagos
77:
76:
36:
2693:Macaronesia
2659:Macaronesia
2632:Wild Fields
2581:Alpide belt
2549:Peloponnese
2403:Alpide belt
2334:Upper Rhine
2175:Alpide belt
1997:Izium Trail
1985:Amber Coast
1825:West Nordic
1785:Scandinavia
1554:Indochinese
1534:Karoo-Namib
1394:Macaronesia
1325:28 February
1276:17 November
1251:17 November
1226:15 November
1054:2 September
864:Santa Maria
836:West Africa
726:Natura 2000
567:rain shadow
558:climate in
251:geographers
244:Macaronesia
94:Macaronesia
86:Macaronésia
78:Macaronesia
73:Macaronesia
58: /
2687:Categories
2554:Chalkidiki
2514:Aegean Sea
2472:Al-Andalus
2381:Al-Andalus
2361:Septimania
2324:Doggerland
2190:Westphalia
2185:Eastphalia
2165:Baltic Sea
2132:Ryn Desert
2044:Lokhaniemi
2022:Vyborg Bay
2017:Baltic Sea
1948:Bessarabia
1835:Baltic Sea
1574:Polynesian
1544:Madagascan
1246:World Bank
1142:14 January
1096:14 January
892:WorldAtlas
874:References
709:, many in
700:endangered
679:laurisilva
632:Apollonias
616:laurisilva
607:Macaroeris
571:laurisilva
560:Cape Verde
512:Capelinhos
404:Cape Verde
282:Micronesia
204:Cape Verde
153:Cape Verde
82:Portuguese
46:22°28′16″W
43:24°15′24″N
32:Micronesia
18:Macronesia
2462:Occitania
2426:Po Valley
2299:Northwest
2232:Pomerelia
2227:Pomerania
2180:Rhineland
1928:Wallachia
1663:Southwest
1658:Northeast
1617:Brazilian
1612:Amazonian
1602:Caribbean
1564:Papuasian
974:226588940
614:, called
480:June 2018
242:The name
238:Etymology
220:bioregion
118:seamounts
2597:Germanic
2398:Pyrenees
2356:Brittany
2351:Normandy
2264:Germania
2244:Bukovina
2237:Kashubia
2088:Kabardia
2066:Caucasus
1958:Ruthenia
1943:Bukovina
1938:Moldavia
1923:Volhynia
1579:Hawaiian
1559:Malesian
1320:Aemet.es
732:See also
662:Picconia
644:Dracaena
627:ice ages
556:tropical
528:hotspots
524:volcanic
434:Portugal
370:Portugal
195:plates.
189:Eurasian
151:, while
137:Portugal
2602:Romance
2590:Related
2559:Aetolia
2544:Megaris
2529:Boeotia
2509:Balkans
2504:Rumelia
2430:Padania
2366:Batavia
2346:Gascony
2289:Benelux
2259:Polesia
2215:Silesia
2210:Moravia
2205:Bohemia
2200:Lusatia
2195:Prussia
2147:Central
2054:Balkans
2027:Karelia
1953:Livonia
1918:Galicia
1913:Prussia
1875:Livonia
1850:Iceland
1810:Gotland
1805:Jutland
1743:Regions
1501:Madrean
1443:of the
1347:18 June
1297:12 July
1205:6 April
1022:18 June
997:18 June
715:rodents
692:habitat
638:Clethra
591:endemic
532:oceanic
422:Madeira
198:In one
185:African
163:of the
129:Madeira
100:in the
90:Spanish
2607:Celtic
2569:Istria
2539:Phocis
2524:Attica
2499:Epirus
2467:Iberia
2376:Iberia
2249:Istria
2160:Baltic
2098:Arctic
2061:Crimea
2012:Baltic
1970:Donbas
1830:Baltic
1820:Ingria
1775:Nordic
1763:Arctic
1747:Europe
1622:Andean
1569:Fijian
1549:Indian
1369:17 May
1167:8 July
1082:
972:
962:
924:8 June
918:Azores
898:8 July
856:Flores
659:, and
656:Persea
650:Ocotea
604:genus
579:relict
548:desert
538:, and
508:tephra
419:
401:
380:
362:Azores
359:
226:. The
191:, and
177:Azores
175:. The
161:member
143:is an
139:, the
125:Azores
110:Europe
2421:Italy
2413:South
1815:Sápmi
1755:North
1445:world
1316:(PDF)
1199:(PDF)
1192:(PDF)
1116:(PDF)
1076:(PDF)
1048:(PDF)
1041:(PDF)
970:S2CID
860:Corvo
842:Notes
696:biota
577:with
516:Faial
391:Spain
259:Greek
155:is a
149:Spain
2341:Gaul
2281:West
1900:East
1640:Cape
1371:2017
1349:2019
1327:2021
1299:2024
1278:2022
1253:2022
1228:2022
1207:2016
1169:2019
1144:2024
1098:2024
1080:ISBN
1056:2013
1024:2019
999:2019
960:ISBN
926:2024
900:2019
858:and
550:and
159:and
131:are
127:and
108:and
1745:of
1271:INE
1128:doi
1124:633
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514:on
470:by
432:of
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389:of
368:of
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487:(
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