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633:. In 16th century in Nurindzhat attested private and public baths, running water, sewerage, underfloor heating. The streets were paved with stones, there were fountains with drinking water, cathedral mosque, tavern (teahouse), inns, caravanserai, palace, houses and mausoleums of stone, Muslim cemetery (Noronshasht gravefield). There were 3 potteries with ancient forges and a brick factory. Every brick made in Mukhshi had a special tamga. There was an artisan quarter with numerous workshops. Residential quarters partly lay nowadays under the rural locality
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637:. Northwest of Narovchat lays another gravefield (old cemetery), divided into Muslim ( named so by later Russian population due to round foundations of mausoluems ruins) and presumably "Pagan" areas. 4 mausoleums and probably a mosque and a minaret ruins were found in the "Mosque field" The Medieval city ruins were discovered by Russian archeologist
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Making Mongol
History: Rashid al-Din and the Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh (Edinburgh Studies in Classical Islamic History and Culture) by Stefan Kamola, Edinburgh University Press; 1st edition (August 14, 2019),
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centres of coinage. In the 15th century the city lost its importance and declined. The ruins (buildings of bricks, stone baths, Muslim graves) are situated in
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means 'former bog place covered with grass'. The city is often referred to as
Mukhsha or Mukhshi which in fact was the name of the
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The city foundation date is unknown. The archeological findings confirmed the first city population was
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In 14th century, Mukhshi played an important role on trade route from Don to Black sea (
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In Search Of
Mukhshi. Saratov University History, Archeology and Ethnography Society
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The Turkic Saga of
Jenghiz Khan & КZ-factor: Documented Research
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Laurentian Codex, 1377, Russian
National Library, Saint-Petersburg
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Academy of
Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
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and his official residence. It was the administrative center of
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1041:"Narovchat Settlement in 14th Century: Historiography Review"
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Monuments Of Church
Antiquities. Nizhny Novgorod Governorate
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Excavations
Description. Archeologist Vitaly Lebedev's works
1004:"Golden Horde City Mokhshi Topography in 13-14th Centuries"
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This article is about the historical city. For Moxel, see
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Ikonnikov, Dmitry; Karev, Igor; Baisheva, Maria (2019),
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1034:(in Russian), Sankt Peterburg: Synodal Typography
1008:Вестник Пензенского Государственного Университета
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426:City of Mukhsha in the middle of the Golden Horde
1028:Abp. of Don and Novocherkassk, Makarīĭ (1857),
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1002:Ikonnikov, Dmitry; Baisheva, Marina (2018),
605:Mukhsha became the administrative center of
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613:in 1313–1342. In 1313-1367 the city minted
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1051:(25), Penza: Penza State University: 12–19
1014:(21), Penza State University Review: 82–90
993:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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582:the first name of the city Noronshasht in
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684:Golubev O.V. Mokhshi Coinage. Penza, 2020
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
546:Noronshasht was the capital of Medieval
503:in the 14th century during the reign of
380:Mongol Takeover in 1237, Destruction by
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65:adding citations to reliable sources
192:Location of the site within Russia
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1154:Former populated places in Russia
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558:. Noronshasht was conquered by
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52:needs additional citations for
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554:mentions the name of the king
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841:Ikonnikov & Baisheva 2018
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27:Archaeological site in Russia
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1056:Zakiryanov, Kairat (2013),
933:Krotkov, Aleksandr (1923),
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495:)) was the capital city of
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223:Show map of European Russia
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1144:Geography of Penza Oblast
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550:kingdom Murunza. Russian
220:Mukhsha (European Russia)
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1087:The Golden Horde coinage
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1019:Madurov, Dmitry (2012),
979:Lebedev, Vitaly (1958),
956:Lebedev, Vitaly (1957),
659:Genoese Gazaria colonies
655:Principality of Theodoro
519:near the modern town of
195:Show map of Penza Oblast
1139:Defunct towns in Russia
1134:History of Penza Oblast
958:Mysterious City Mokhshi
523:in the upper stream of
919:'Mosque field'
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1159:Narovchatsky District
937:(in Russian), Saratov
723:, pp. 11, 16, 19
700:Republic of Tatarstan
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397:Excavation dates
233:Alternative name
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369:Associated with
61:improve this article
1114:Middle Volga region
983:(in Russian), Penza
960:(in Russian), Penza
691:Tatar Encyclopaedia
593:(after the name of
570:Foundation and name
542:Ancient Noronshasht
499:and capital of the
491:: نرنجاط, Nurinjat
292:53.8493°N 43.7374°E
288: /
239:: ﻥﺭﻥﺝﺍﻁ, Nurinjat
161:Сolumn chapiter of
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32:Ancient Noronshasht
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881:ﻥﺭﻥﺝﺍﻁ, Nurinjat
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1149:Golden Horde
1109:Mukhsha Ulus
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694:(in Tatar).
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601:Mukhsha Ulus
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525:Moksha River
517:Penza Oblast
513:Golden Horde
509:Mukhsha Ulus
501:Golden Horde
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364:Golden Horde
265:Mukhsha Ulus
251:Penza Oblast
165:reign period
140:Muxşi, Muxşa
123:
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
611:Öz Beg Khan
505:Öz Beg Khan
473:Noronshasht
295: /
271:Coordinates
1123:Categories
708:References
669:Literature
595:Mokshaland
392:Site notes
283:43°44′15″E
280:53°50′57″N
163:Özbeg Khan
117:April 2021
87:newspapers
903:romanized
866:Footnotes
688:"Muxşa".
635:Narovchat
560:Batu Khan
521:Narovchat
465:νορονσαστ
413:Condition
400:1923-1927
337:Abandoned
76:"Mukhsha"
1093:See also
989:citation
966:citation
943:citation
456:Naruchat
416:In ruins
353:Cultures
348:Medieval
247:Location
1099:Mokshas
927:Sources
917:
905::
894:Russian
619:dirhams
591:Mukhsha
531:History
497:Murunza
487:',
481:
450:Naruçat
444:Mukhsha
431:Mukhshi
372:Mongols
345:Periods
332:History
101:scholar
18:Mukhshi
1070:
698:: The
678:
663:Crimea
576:Moksha
556:Puresh
548:Moksha
461:Moksha
377:Events
316:Length
261:Region
255:Russia
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1062:[
879:Turki
861:Notes
696:Kazan
627:Timur
615:dangs
489:Turki
483:'
439:Muxşa
435:Tatar
382:Timur
340:1600s
324:Width
237:Turki
108:JSTOR
94:books
1068:ISBN
995:link
972:link
949:link
915:lit.
676:ISBN
657:and
643:1915
631:1395
623:pūls
621:and
588:ulus
564:1237
479:lit.
386:1395
319:2000
311:city
308:Type
80:news
883:IPA
661:in
641:in
629:in
562:in
493:IPA
485:IPA
384:in
327:900
241:IPA
148:IPA
63:by
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