667:
244:
Mukkuvars had trade relation in Sri Lanka from 12th century and few settled there from then. According to the legend of the
Mukkuvar from Kerala, they emigrated to and from Sri Lanka. The
266:. The Mukkuvars in Kanyakumari district still have the Sri Lankan dialect of Tamil, which shows they emigrated to and from southern part of ancient Tamilakam and Sri Lanka
874:"A Trade of No Dishonor: Piracy, Commerce, and Community in the Western Indian Ocean, Twelfth to Sixteenth CenturySebastian R. PrangeA Trade of No Dishonor"
121:. They are mostly found on the Malabar Coast, South Travancore Coast and Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, who have traditionally been involved in
278:
appearances in Kerala, where they among other married natives such as those from the
Mukkuvar community, and formed social groups such as the
995:
952:
856:
650:
455:
404:
229:
works. As suggested by their name they probably involved in diving for pearls and conch. They were maritime inhabitants of the littoral
607:
809:
701:
481:
430:
1021:
315:
420:
476:. J. S. Grewal, Philosophy, and Culture Project of History of Indian Science. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2005.
775:
204:. The Mukkuvars of Southern Malabar have only three clans, with the absence of Ponillam, and are therefore known as
833:
505:
361:
262:
in 12th century AD, who delegates the power to local petty kings whose successors are identified as belonging to
237:
who were involved in pearls-harvesting, boatbuilding, fishing, among other maritime activities. Tamil
Literature
372:(meaning Mukkuvar war). Mukkuvar women intermarried with their allied Arabs, whose descendants reside in the
554:"PANDYA -CHOLA CONQUEST ON VIZHINJAM PORT | EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)"
1016:
319:
246:
238:
913:
Sankaranarayanan, K. C.; Studies, University of Madras Centre for South and South-East Asian (1994).
251:
241:
describes the ship building capabilities of
Neithal inhabitants in the ancient Tamilakam in chapter
595:
448:
Mukkuvar Women: Gender, Hegemony, and
Capitalist Transformation in a South Indian Fishing Community
339:
331:
138:
90:
827:
499:
356:
and exhibited significant political domination. Mukkuvars in alliance with Arabs encamped at the
287:
59:
991:
948:
945:
Amiable
Incoherence: Manipulating Histories and Modernities in a Batticaloa Tamil Hindu Temple
895:
852:
815:
805:
730:
697:
646:
603:
487:
477:
451:
426:
400:
357:
885:
373:
307:
230:
226:
627:. Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society of Jaffna College. p. 219.
968:
422:
Demographic change in Asian fishing communities – Drivers, outcomes and potential impacts
369:
349:
63:
553:
1010:
988:
Building Local
Capacities for Peace: Rethinking Conflict and Development in Sri Lanka
335:
323:
299:
259:
45:
776:"The Maritime Activities of the Ancient Tamils and - History Forum ~ All Empires"
537:
520:
133:
The caste name proposes several etymology theories. One view holds that the name
255:
345:
114:
899:
734:
718:
600:
Crucible of
Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka
491:
327:
303:
118:
94:
890:
873:
819:
225:(coastal) lands of ancient Tamilakam, and find mention in various ancient
76:
Northern division: Nalillakkar – Ponillam, Chembillam, Karillam, Kachillam
986:
Mayer, Markus; Rajasingham-Senanayake, Darini; Thangarajah, Yuvi (2003).
471:
365:
154:
149:
meaning "to dive", suggesting their traditional occupation in diving for
41:
799:
298:. Up to 1000 AD were the Mukkuvars recruited to the naval fleets of the
17:
283:
282:. The Mukkuvars were in addition to fishing and seafaring, involved in
279:
169:
122:
254:
in Sri Lanka attribute the emigration of the Sri Lankan
Mukkuvar from
804:. Dennis B. McGilvray. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. 1982.
110:
106:
582:
Tamils and Moors: caste and matriclan structure in eastern Sri Lanka
645:. Indira Gandhi Centre for the Arts D.K. Printworld. p. 178.
322:, they also served in the 13th century in the army of the invader
291:
275:
150:
49:
295:
176:
meaning "house". The
Mukkuvars of Northern Malabar are known as
79:
Southern division: Munillakkar – Chembillam, Karillam, Kachillam
723:
EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)
180:(meaning "of the four illams") consisted of the clans known as
917:. Centre for South and Southeast Asian Studies. p. 39.
330:. The Kerala-derived Mukkuvars, whose descendants are the
932:. Vidyarthi Mithram Press & Book Depot. p. 101.
539:
Knowledge of the Sea: Some Maritime Communities in India
751:
746:
744:
326:, who seized control of northern and eastern parts of
117:
and the Eastern and North Western coastal regions of
696:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 59, 60, 68.
522:
The History of the Pearl Fishery of the Tamil Coast
314:refers to Mukkuvar warriors serving in the army of
221:The Mukkuvars historically were inhabitants of the
86:
69:
55:
37:
32:
602:. Duke University Press. pp. 60, 61, 64, 77.
847:Schneider, David Murray; Gough, Kathleen (1974).
302:. South Indian communities were often invited to
27:Indian caste mainly on the Malabar coast of India
668:"தமிழ்நாடும் மொழியும்/ சங்க காலம் - விக்கிமூலம்"
851:. University of California Press. p. 415.
390:
388:
8:
719:"PANDYA -CHOLA CONQUEST ON VIZHINJAM PORT"
889:
157:. Other titles used by the community are
584:. University of Chicago. pp. 23–25.
473:The state and society in medieval India
399:. Commonwealth Publishers. p. 33.
384:
825:
497:
29:
947:. V.U. University Press. p. 61.
636:
634:
7:
575:
573:
290:promoted Mukkuvars in conversion to
109:group found in the Indian states of
872:Prange, Sebastian R. (2011-12-01).
274:In the 8th century made mercantile
360:where in an campaign initiated by
25:
208:(meaning "of the three illams").
943:Whitaker, Mark P. (1999-01-01).
397:Community and Caste in Tradition
395:Singh, Virendra Prakash (1992).
990:. Macmillan India. p. 69.
915:The Keralites and the Sinhalese
348:region, where they also formed
316:Parakramabahu II of Dambadeniya
168:The Mukkuvars are divided into
125:and other maritime activities.
878:The American Historical Review
801:Caste ideology and interaction
694:Caste Ideology and Interaction
641:Saraswati, Baidyanath (1998).
623:Holmes, Walter Robert (1980).
338:were made chieftains known as
1:
692:McGilvray, Dennis B. (1982).
580:McGilvray, Dennis B. (1974).
450:. Kali for Women. p. 2.
364:, battled and chased away by
666:திருமலைமுத்துசாமி, பேரா அ.
286:. Later rulers such as the
1038:
717:Shaji, Lija (2021-11-03).
368:mercenaries, mentioned in
362:Parakramabahu VI of Kotte
525:. Ananamalai University.
519:Arunachalam, S. (1952).
1022:Social groups of Kerala
928:Devi, R. Leela (1986).
891:10.1086/ahr.116.5.1269
832:: CS1 maint: others (
643:Life-style and Ecology
625:Jaffna, Sri Lanka 1980
504:: CS1 maint: others (
320:Mattakallappu Manmiyam
294:in order to man their
247:Mattakallappu Manmiyam
973:The Kingdom of Jaffna
752:"Sri Lankan Mukkuvar"
536:Sudarsen, V. (1995).
446:Ram, Kalpana (1992).
252:palm-leaf manuscripts
250:text and other local
975:. Arul M. Rajendran.
596:McGilvray, Dennis B.
332:Sri Lankan Mukkuvars
306:as mercenaries. The
159:Kukankulam, Murkukan
137:is derived from the
849:Matrilineal Kinship
425:. 3 November 2020.
352:landlords known as
196:meaning "copper"),
91:Sri Lankan Mukkuvar
780:www.allempires.com
542:. PPST Foundation.
318:. As mentioned in
288:Zamorin of Calicut
258:under the rule of
997:978-0-333-93921-5
954:978-90-5383-644-6
930:History of Kerala
858:978-0-520-02529-5
672:ta.wikisource.org
652:978-81-246-0103-7
457:978-81-85107-46-2
406:978-81-7169-242-2
188:meaning "gold"),
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312:Dambadeni Asna
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70:Subdivisions
46:Christianity
376:ethnicity.
350:matrilinear
256:South India
178:Nalillakkar
1011:Categories
785:2022-08-28
762:2022-08-28
678:2022-08-28
674:(in Tamil)
563:2022-12-22
380:References
346:Batticaloa
264:Kukankulam
206:Munillakar
190:Chembillam
115:Tamil Nadu
900:0002-8762
828:cite book
735:2455-3662
729:(11): 1.
500:cite book
328:Sri Lanka
304:Sri Lanka
239:Akananuru
233:known as
202:Kachillam
170:exogamous
139:Dravidian
129:Etymology
119:Sri Lanka
95:Mogaveera
60:Malayalam
56:Languages
38:Religions
971:(1978).
598:(2008).
492:60597476
366:Karaiyar
334:, under
280:Mappilas
235:Neithal,
198:Karillam
182:Ponillam
163:Mukkiyar
155:seashell
135:Mukkuvar
103:Mukkuvar
42:Hinduism
33:Mukkuvar
18:Mukkuvar
820:7997986
354:Podiyar
344:in the
341:Vanniar
308:Sinhala
284:warfare
223:Neithal
212:History
123:fishing
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194:chembu
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151:pearls
143:muluku
111:Kerala
107:ethnic
292:Islam
276:Arabs
147:mukku
141:term
64:Tamil
50:Islam
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949:ISBN
896:ISSN
853:ISBN
834:link
816:OCLC
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731:ISSN
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506:link
488:OCLC
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