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377:), can safely assume that all pixels are visible to the viewer. On digital displays driven from a digital signal, therefore, no adjustment is necessary because all pixels in the signal are unequivocally mapped to physical pixels on the display. As overscan reduces picture quality, it is undesirable for digital flat panels; therefore,
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Computer CRT monitors usually have a black border (unless they are fine-tuned by a user to minimize it)—these can be seen in the video card timings, which have more lines than are used by the desktop. When a computer CRT is advertised as 17-inch (16-inch viewable), it will have a diagonal inch of the
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was not regulated as well as in later power supplies. This could cause the image size to change with normal variations in the AC line voltage, as well as a process called blooming, where the image size increased slightly when a brighter overall picture was displayed due to the increased electron beam
762:
DVDs of recent movies) often disregards this rule. This makes it difficult to tell whether these pixels represent wider than 4x3 or 16x9 (as they would do if following Rec.601), or represent exactly 4x3 or 16x9 (as they would do if created using one of the fudged 720-referenced pixel aspect ratios).
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Although standards-compliant video processing software should never fill all 720 pixels with active picture (only the center 704 pixels must contain the actual image, and the remaining 8 pixels on the sides of the image should constitute vertical black bars), recent digitally generated content (e.g.
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625-line analogue video contains 575 active video lines (this includes two half lines). When the half lines are rounded up to whole lines for ease of digital representation, this gives 576 lines, which is also the nearest mod(16) value to 575. To maintain the same picture aspect ratio, the number of
340:
A significant number of people would still see some of the overscan area, so while nothing important in a scene would be placed there, it also had to be kept free of microphones, stage hands, and other distractions. Studio monitors and camera viewfinders were set to show this area, so that producers
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In order to accommodate both formats within the same line length, and to avoid cutting off parts of the active picture if the timing of the analogue video was at or beyond the tolerances set in the relevant standards, a total digital line length of 720 pixels was chosen. Hence the picture will have
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is the area in which you can expect the customer to see action. However, the transmitted image may extend to the edges of the MPEG frame 720x576. This presents a requirement unique to television, where an image with reasonable quality is expected to exist where some customers won't see it. This is
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could even change the border color. The border will change size and shape if required to allow for the tolerance of low precision (although later models allow for precise calibration to minimise or eliminate the border). As such, computer CRTs use less physical screen area than TVs, to allow all
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There is no hard technical specification for overscan amounts for the low definition formats. Some say 5%, some say 10%, and the figure can be doubled for title safe, which needs more margin compared to action safe. The overscan amounts are specified for the high definition formats as specified
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Despite the wide adoption of LCD TVs that do not require overscan since the size of their images remains the same irrespective of voltage variations, many LCD TVs still come with overscan enabled by default, but it can be disabled by the user using the TV's on-screen menus.
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from the 1930s to the early 2000s were highly variable in how the video image was positioned within the borders of the screen. It then became common practice to have video signals with black edges around the picture, which the television was meant to discard in this way.
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tube covered by the plastic cabinet; this black border will occupy this missing inch (or more) when its geometry calibrations are set to default (LCDs with analog input need to deliberately identify and ignore this part of the signal, from all four sides).
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The 525-line system originally contained 486 lines of picture, not 480. Digital foundations to most storage and transmission systems since the early 1990s have meant that analogue NTSC has only been expected to have 480 lines of picture – see
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data taking up the first "active picture" line on each field). The nearest mod(16) value is 480. To maintain the same picture aspect ratio, the number of active pixels could be decreased to 706.2, which can be rounded down to 704 for
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video pixels per line is equal to the sample rate multiplied by the active line duration (the part of each analogue video line that contains active video, that is to say that it does not contain sync pulses, blanking, etc.).
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data found in video editors, certain ITU standards, MPEG etc. is usually based on an approximation of the above, fudged to allow either 704 or 720 pixels to equate to the full 4x3 or 16x9 picture at the whim of the author.
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the image with a black border, visible on some NTSC television sets and all PAL television sets. Newer systems frame content much as live action does, with the overscan area filled with extraneous details.
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current causing the CRT anode voltage to drop. Because of this, TV producers could not be certain where the visible edges of the image would be. In order to compensate, they defined three areas:
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is an area that is far enough in from the edges to neatly show text without distortion. If you place text beyond the safe area, it might not display on some older CRT TV sets (in worst case).
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require differing amounts of overscan. Most figures serve as recommendations or typical summaries, as the nature of overscan is to overcome a variable limitation in older technologies such as
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Early analog televisions varied in the displayed image because of manufacturing tolerance problems. There were also effects from the early design limitations of power supplies, whose
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704 is the nearest mod(16) value to the actual analogue line lengths, and avoids having black bars down each side. The use of 704 can be further justified as follows:
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840:. How this affects the interpretation of "the 4:3 ratio" as equal to 704x480 or 704x486 is unclear, but the VGA standard of 640x480 has had a large impact.
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525-line analogue video contains 485 active video lines (this include two half lines, though typically only 483 picture lines are present due to
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it has proved possible to remove apparently fixed borders with special coding tricks. This effect was called overscan or fullscreen within the
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is a behaviour in certain television sets in which part of the input picture is cut off by the visible bounds of the screen. It exists because
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Microsoft's Xbox game developer guidelines recommend using 85 percent of the screen width and height, or a title safe area of 7.5% per side.
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For 525-line 60 Hz video (usually, and correctly, called "NTSC"), the active line duration is 52.856 μs, giving ≈713.5 pixels per line.
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CRTs made for computer display are set to underscan with an adjustable border, usually colored black. Some 1980s home computers such as the
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Underscan: The full image area to the electronic edge of the signal with additional black borders which weren't part of the original image.
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For 625-line 50 Hz video (usually, though incorrectly, called "PAL"), the active line duration is 52 μs, giving 702 pixels per line.
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have been designed to keep important game action in the title safe area. Older systems did this with borders for example, the
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Observable fullscan: An overscan image area which dismisses only the additional black borders of the image (if they exist).
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and subtitling in the UK). The equivalent service on digital television does not use this method and instead often uses
796:) frame areas therefore contain even more overscan, which can be seen when vertical hold is lost and the picture rolls.
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Fullscan: The full image area to the electronic edge of the signal (with the black borders of the image if they exist).
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Today's displays, being driven by digital signals (such as DVI, HDMI and
DisplayPort), and based on newer fixed-pixel
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for the visible picture, whereas the digital systems only "number" and encode signals that contain something to see.
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Within the wide diversity of home computers that arose during the 1980s and early 1990s, many machines such as the
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in 1982. In this standard, the existing analogue video signals are sampled at 13.5 MHz. Thus the number of
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had borders around their screen, which worked as a frame for the display area. Some other computers such as the
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The official BBC suggestions actually say 3.5% / 5% per side (see p21, p19). The following is a summary:
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Illustration of Action Safe and Title Safe areas for 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios according to the BBC
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and directors could make certain it was clear of unwanted elements. When used, this mode is called
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allowed the video signal timing to be changed to produce overscan. In the cases of the C64,
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has safe area recommendations regarding
Television Production for 16:9 Widescreen.
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485:'s HOS uses the horizontal overscan instead of the vertical to transmit low-speed
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active pixels could be increased to 703.2, which can be rounded up to 704.
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Behavior in certain television sets where part of the picture is cut off
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The sampling (digitising) of standard definition video was defined in
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The difference between 702/704 and 720 pixels/line is referred to as
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196:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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is a generic term for the above two, and could mean either one.
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A portion of this interval available in analogue, known as the
449:-saving scrolling technique called sync-scrolling a bit later.
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364:(View at full size to see the effects portrayed accurately.)
944:"Overscan: You're not seeing the whole picture on your TV"
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is preferred. When driven by analog video signals such as
1101:"BBC Technical Standards for Network Television Delivery"
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stations for overscan and other datacasting, but they
1014:"GDC 2004: Cross-Platform User Interface Development"
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90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
781:, analogue system descriptions include the lines
693:the same concept as used in widescreen cropping.
905:"Underscan/Overscan and The Safe Area Indicator"
1056:"Microsoft Intellectual Property and Licensing"
361:The effects of overscan on fixed-pixel displays
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1077:"Safe areas for 16:9 television production"
493:, which is slow enough to be recorded on a
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1082:. EBU – Recommendation R95. September 2008
803:, can be used for older forms of analogue
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277:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
1641:Output power of an analog TV transmitter
990:"HD 101: Overscan and why all TVs do it"
930:"HD 101: Overscan and why all TVS do it"
568:
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457:Analog TV overscan can also be used for
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254:of all important aspects of the article.
963:. www.digitaleurope.org. Archived from
875:
907:. www.seriousmagic.com. Archived from
393:information to be shown at all times.
250:Please consider expanding the lead to
1671:Direct-broadcast satellite television
7:
1176:"Table of PAL PARs - DVD conversion"
1106:. BBC. November 2009. Archived from
958:"'HD ready 1080p' License Agreement"
88:adding citations to reliable sources
1561:Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB)
885:"Overscan and broadcast television"
703:Analog to digital resolution issues
408:Super Nintendo Entertainment System
14:
445:and allowed the development of a
34:This article has multiple issues.
733:thin black bars down each side.
481:, are also sent in this manner.
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166:
64:
23:
1556:Quadrature amplitude modulation
461:. The simplest form of this is
242:may be too short to adequately
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1720:Television channel frequencies
252:provide an accessible overview
1:
1691:Digital television transition
1520:Multichannel television sound
988:Drawbaugh, Ben (2010-05-27).
526:digital television transition
1763:Field strength in free space
1464:Horizontal blanking interval
550:broadcast television systems
1661:Superheterodyne transmitter
1058:. Microsoft.com. 2011-10-27
561:European Broadcasting Union
192:the claims made and adding
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1499:Vertical blanking interval
1178:. Doom9's Forum. p. 2
801:vertical blanking interval
471:vertical blanking interval
1474:Nominal analogue blanking
865:Nominal analogue blanking
767:nominal analogue blanking
632:14:9 (displayed on 16:9)
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475:Electronic program guides
649:4:3 (displayed on 16:9)
1793:Television interference
1666:Television receive-only
487:program-associated data
375:liquid crystal displays
1715:Microwave transmission
1681:Terrestrial television
1676:Television transmitter
1636:Intermediate frequency
1429:Chrominance subcarrier
1174:facialz (2008-03-09).
1035:"Programming:Overscan"
1016:. Game Developer. 2004
773:625 / 525 or 576 / 480
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1881:Television technology
1587:Broadcast transmitter
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360:
353:Modern video displays
1829:Zero reference pulse
1814:Field strength meter
1551:Frequency modulation
1459:Horizontal scan rate
1131:brweb (2000-05-01).
548:Different video and
373:technology (such as
84:improve this article
1768:Noise (electronics)
1631:Intercarrier method
1591:Transmitter station
1226:broadcasting topics
469:, both sent in the
1656:Split sound system
1606:Differential phase
755:pixel aspect ratio
708:720 vs. 702 or 704
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479:TV Guide On Screen
371:digital flat panel
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177:possibly contains
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1783:Radiation pattern
1601:Differential gain
1223:Analog television
850:1:1 pixel mapping
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554:cathode ray tubes
507:National Datacast
463:closed captioning
379:1:1 pixel mapping
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932:. 18 July 2019.
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140:February 2007
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101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
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73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1855:Hanover bars
1646:Pre-emphasis
1570:Transmission
1535:Zweikanalton
1478:
1439:Color killer
1364:Clear-Vision
1180:. Retrieved
1169:
1160:
1137:. Retrieved
1126:
1115:. Retrieved
1108:the original
1095:
1084:. Retrieved
1071:
1060:. Retrieved
1050:
1039:. Retrieved
1029:
1018:. Retrieved
994:. Retrieved
983:
972:. Retrieved
965:the original
952:
938:
924:
913:. Retrieved
909:the original
899:
888:. Retrieved
878:
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789:
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782:
779:broadcasting
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574:Action safe
565:
559:However the
558:
547:
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423:Commodore 64
416:
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289:
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260:January 2012
257:
241:
239:lead section
208:
202:January 2012
199:
176:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1824:VIT signals
1819:Vectorscope
1758:Earth bulge
1740:Propagation
1703:& bands
1701:Frequencies
1484:Raster scan
1424:Chrominance
1414:Black level
1409:front porch
805:datacasting
792:) and 525 (
690:safe action
686:Action-safe
671:Terminology
593:Horizontal
587:Horizontal
577:Title safe
524:due to the
459:datacasting
453:Datacasting
431:Amstrad CPC
419:ZX Spectrum
411:windowboxed
325:Action safe
1753:Distortion
1686:Transposer
1621:Dummy load
1577:Amplifiers
1544:Modulation
1434:Colorburst
1405:Back porch
1182:2012-05-01
1155:SMPTE 170M
1139:2012-01-04
1117:2012-05-01
1086:2012-05-01
1062:2012-01-04
1041:2015-10-07
1020:2012-02-09
996:2012-05-01
974:2012-05-01
915:2012-05-01
890:2012-02-09
871:References
823:480 vs 486
680:safe title
676:Title safe
522:digital TV
477:, such as
401:Video game
390:Apple IIGS
319:Title safe
311:DC voltage
186:improve it
110:newspapers
99:"Overscan"
39:improve it
1860:Sparklies
1845:Dot crawl
1838:Artifacts
1778:Path loss
1773:Null fill
1748:Beam tilt
1489:Safe area
1135:. Itu.int
838:DVD-Video
788:The 625 (
590:Vertical
584:Vertical
528:in 2009.
501:. In the
483:Microsoft
443:demoscene
343:underscan
244:summarize
190:verifying
45:talk page
1875:Category
1850:Ghosting
1611:Diplexer
1479:Overscan
1444:Color TV
1337:System F
1333:System E
1329:819-line
1323:System N
1319:System L
1315:System K
1311:System I
1307:System H
1303:System G
1299:System D
1295:System C
1291:System B
1287:625-line
1281:System M
1277:525-line
1272:455-line
1267:441-line
1261:System A
1257:405-line
1252:375-line
1247:343-line
1242:180-line
844:See also
809:Teletext
807:such as
783:not used
749:mod(16).
714:Rec. 601
518:migrated
497:without
467:teletext
435:Atari ST
290:Overscan
1802:Testing
1384:PALplus
1234:Systems
697:TV-safe
545:above.
514:network
489:at 6.4
473:(VBI).
404:systems
305:Origins
184:Please
124:scholar
1359:NTSC-J
836:, and
813:Ceefax
718:active
661:17.5%
655:15.0%
644:15.0%
638:10.0%
627:10.0%
491:kbit/s
441:Atari
439:16-bit
433:, and
296:(CRT)
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
1525:NICAM
1513:Sound
1398:Video
1389:SECAM
1379:PAL-S
1374:PAL-M
1111:(PDF)
1104:(PDF)
1080:(PDF)
968:(PDF)
961:(PDF)
658:5.0%
652:3.5%
641:5.0%
635:3.5%
624:5.0%
621:3.5%
618:3.5%
615:16:9
610:6.7%
607:5.0%
604:3.3%
601:3.5%
509:used
427:Amiga
131:JSTOR
117:books
1788:Skew
1469:Luma
1407:and
1354:NTSC
834:EDTV
830:SDTV
817:MHEG
794:NTSC
598:4:3
503:U.S.
465:and
103:news
1730:VHF
1725:UHF
1369:PAL
790:PAL
777:In
688:or
678:or
520:to
511:PBS
495:VCR
447:CPU
421:or
383:VGA
188:by
86:by
1877::
1335:,
1321:,
1317:,
1313:,
1309:,
1305:,
1301:,
1297:,
1293:,
1148:^
1005:^
832:,
819:.
769:.
556:.
505:,
345:.
48:.
1589:/
1339:)
1331:(
1325:)
1289:(
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1279:(
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1259:(
1215:e
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138:(
128:·
121:·
114:·
107:·
80:.
55:)
51:(
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