115:(rDNA) is very useful in creating proteins that are identical when exposed into a plant's. A recombinant DNA is an artificial DNA that is created by combining two or more sequences that would not normally come together. In this way, DNA injected into a plant is turned into recombinant DNA and manipulated. The favorable properties of plants are likely to make the plant systems a useful alternative for small, medium and large scale production throughout the development of new antibody-based pharmaceuticals.
99:. Antibodies produced in plants have many advantages that are beneficial to humans, plants, and the economy as well. They can be purified cheaply and in large numbers. The many seeds of plants allow for ample storage, and they have no risk of transmitting diseases to humans because the antibodies are produced without the need of the
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a particular pathogen or toxin. The transgenic plants produce antibodies that are similar to their human counterparts, and following purification, plantibodies can be administered therapeutically to acutely ill patients or prophylactically to at-risk individuals (such as healthcare workers). The term
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Plantibodies are close to passing clinical trials and becoming approved commercially because of key points. Plants are more economical than most forms of creating antibodies and the technology for harvesting and maintaining them is already present. Plants also reduce the chance of coming in contact
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The main reason plants are being used to produce antibodies is for treatment of illnesses such as immune disorders, cancer, and inflammatory diseases, given the fact that the plantibodies also have no risk of spreading diseases to humans. In the past 2 decades, research has shown that plant-derived
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is a medical strategy long employed to provide temporary protection against pathogens. Early implementations involved recovering ostensibly cell-free plasma from the blood of human survivors or from non-human animals deliberately exposed to a specific pathogen or toxin. These approaches resulted in
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plant. The plantibodies are then modified by intrinsic plant mechanisms (N-glycosylation). Plantibodies are purified from plant tissues by mechanical disruption and denaturation/removal of intrinsic plant proteins by treatment at high temperature and low pH, as antibodies tend to be stable under
137:, making their antibodies safer to use. Plantibodies can be made at an affordable cost and easier manufacturing due to the availability and relatively easy manipulation of genetic information in crops such as potatoes, soybean, alfalfa, rice, wheat and tobacco.
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By being able to genetically alter plants to create specific antibodies, it is easier to produce antibodies that will fight diseases not only for plants but for human as well. For that reason, plantibody applications will move more towards the medicinal field.
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Commercial use is not yet legalized, but clinical trials are underway to implement the use of plantibodies for humans as injections. So far, companies have started conducting human tests of pharmaceutical products, creating plantibodies that include:
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or infectious microorganisms. Plants could be engineered to produce antibodies which fight off their own plant diseases and pests, for example, nematodes, and eliminate the need for toxic pesticides.
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Ayala, Marta; Gavilondo, Jorge; Rodríguez, Meilyn; Fuentes, Alejandro; Enríquez, Gil; Pérez, Lincidio; Cremata, José; Pujol, Merardo (2009). "Production of
Plantibodies in Nicotiana Plants".
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Antibodies generated by plants are cheaper, easier to manage, and safer to use than those obtained from animals. The applications are increasing because
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resins. Production of antibodies in whole transgenic plants, such as species in the genus
Nicotiana, is cheaper and safer than in cultured animal cells.
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these conditions. Antibodies can further be purified away from other acid- and temperature- stable proteins by capture on commercially produced
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Amemiya, C. T.; Zilch, A.; Hinds-Frey, K. R.; Litman, R. T.; Roess, W.; Hulst, M.; Haire, R. N.; Shamblott, M. J.; Rast, J. P. (1993-01-01).
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Stoger, E; Sack, M; Nicholson, L; Fischer, R; Christou, P (2005). "Recent progress in plantibody technology".
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Antibodies (also known as an immunoglobulins) are complex proteins produced by vertebrates that recognize
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Transgenic plants offer an attractive method for large-scale production of antibodies for
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A plantibody is produced by insertion of genes encoding antibodies into a
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Daniell, Henry; Streatfield, Stephen J; Wycoff, Keith (May 2001).
412:. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 483. pp. 103–134.
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with animal DNA encoding a specific human antibody known to
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plantibody and the concept are trademarked by the company
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crude purifications of plasma-soluble proteins including
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Walmsley, Amanda M; Arntzen, Charles J (April 2003).
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Buyel, J.F.; Twyman, R.M.; Fischer, R. (July 2017).
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Antibodies to prevent sexually transmitted diseases
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451:"Plant cell factories and mucosal vaccines"
278:Plantibody (antibody synthesized by plants)
159:Antibodies for non-Hodgkin's -cell lymphoma
124:antibodies have become easier to produce.
57:that is produced by plants that have been
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238:"The Molecular Perspective: Antibodies"
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236:Goodsell, David S. (December 2001).
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455:Current Opinion in Biotechnology
410:Recombinant Proteins from Plants
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201:Molecular Biology and Evolution
165:Anthrax vaccine (from tobacco)
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530:Current Pharmaceutical Design
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162:Vaccine against HIV virus
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365:Trends in Plant Science
587:Therapeutic antibodies
339:"Antibodies in plants"
300:Biotechnology Advances
59:genetically engineered
44:adaptive immune system
28:Passive immunization
577:Genetic engineering
168:Antibodies against
150:Hepatitis B vaccine
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170:Ebola virus
571:Categories
504:7 November
344:6 November
182:References
128:Commercial
91:Advantages
80:transgenic
74:Production
63:neutralize
51:plantibody
33:antibodies
135:pathogens
85:protein A
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