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multiple latitudes, and depths throughout the world oceans. Thus, marine sediments from the tropics reflect a composite of several vertically stacked faunal assemblages, some of which are contiguous with higher latitude surface assemblages. Sediments beneath polar waters include cosmopolitan deep-water radiolarians, as well as high-latitude endemic surface water species. Stars in (
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The color polygons in all three panels represent generalized radiolarian biogeographic provinces, as well as their relative water mass temperatures (cooler colors indicate cooler temperatures, and vice versa). Globe image adapted from NASA Blue Marble: Next
Generation imagery. Ocean floor bathymetry
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There are several higher-order groups that have been detected in molecular analyses of environmental data. Particularly, groups related to
Acantharia and Spumellaria. These groups are so far completely unknown in terms of morphology and physiology and the radiolarian diversity is therefore likely to
1586:
When I had solved the algebraic equations, I then used the computer to plot the shape of the resulting organisms. Turing told me that there were real organisms corresponding to what I had produced. He said that they were described and depicted in the records of the voyages of HMS Challenger in the
1200:
Illustrates generalized radiolarian provinces and their relationship to water mass temperature (warm versus cool color shading) and circulation (gray arrows). Due to high-latitude water mass submergence under warm, stratified waters in lower latitudes, radiolarian species occupy habitats at
1597:
in the 19th century. That expedition to the
Pacific Ocean found eight variations in the growth patterns. These are shown in the following figures. The essential feature of the growth is the emergence of elongated "spines" protruding from the sphere at regular positions. Thus the species comprised
1314:
encased in elaborate globular shells (or "capsules"), usually made of silica and pierced with holes. Their name comes from the Latin for "radius". They catch prey by extending parts of their body through the holes. As with the silica frustules of diatoms, radiolarian shells can sink to the ocean
1224:). However, tropical endemic species may expand their ranges toward midlatitudes. The color polygons in all three panels represent generalized radiolarian biogeographic provinces, as well as their relative water mass temperatures (cooler colors indicate cooler temperatures, and vice versa).
1580:. The algebraic solution of the above equations ran to some 30 pages in my Thesis and are therefore not reproduced here. They are written in full in the book entitled âMorphogenesisâ which is a tribute to Turing, edited by P. T. Saunders, published by North Holland, 1992.
1002:
The relationship between the
Foraminifera and Radiolaria is also debated. Molecular trees support their close relationshipâa grouping termed Retaria. But whether they are sister lineages or whether the Foraminifera should be included within the Radiolaria is not known.
1511:
1205:) indicate the latitudes sampled, and the gray bars highlight the radiolarian assemblages included in each sedimentary composite. The horizontal purple bars indicate latitudes known for good radiolarian (silica) preservation, based on surface sediment composition.
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So I set to work on seeking a solution to the
Morphogenesis Equations on a sphere. The theory was that a spherical organism was subject to diffusion across its surface membrane by an alien substance, eg sea-water. The Equations were:
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LĂłpez-GarcĂa P, RodrĂguez-Valera F, Moreira D (January 2002). "Toward the monophyly of
Haeckel's radiolaria: 18S rRNA environmental data support the sisterhood of polycystinea and acantharea".
2837:
Chang, Shan; Feng, Qinglai; Zhang, Lei (14 August 2018). "New
Siliceous Microfossils from the Terreneuvian Yanjiahe Formation, South China: The Possible Earliest Radiolarian Fossil Record".
2383:
Cavalier-Smith T (July 1999). "Principles of protein and lipid targeting in secondary symbiogenesis: euglenoid, dinoflagellate, and sporozoan plastid origins and the eukaryote family tree".
1961:âthey may even be terminal Precambrian in age. They have significant differences from later radiolaria, with a different silica lattice structure and few, if any, spikes on the
1549:
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Yuasa T, Takahashi O, Honda D, Mayama S (2005). "Phylogenetic analyses of the polycystine
Radiolaria based on the 18s rDNA sequences of the Spumellarida and the Nassellarida".
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species will not be able to use migration or range contraction to escape environmental stressors, because their preferred cold-water habitats are disappearing from the globe (
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Casey, R. E., Spaw, J. M., & Kunze, F. R. (1982) "Polycystine radiolarian distribution and enhancements related to oceanographic conditions in a hypothetical ocean".
973:. Phaeodaria is however now considered to be a Cercozoan. Nassellaria and Spumellaria both produce siliceous skeletons and were therefore grouped together in the group
6668:
Boltovskoy, Demetrio; Anderson, O. Roger; Correa, Nancy M. (2016). "Radiolaria and
Phaeodaria". In Archibald, John M.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Slamovits, Claudio H.;
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3215:
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Kachovich, S., Sheng, J. and
Aitchison, J.C., 2019. Adding a new dimension to investigations of early radiolarian evolution. Scientific reports, 9(1), pp.1-10.
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1576:, taken to be the radius vector from the centre to any point on the surface of the membrane, was argued to be representable as a series of normalised
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995:. The Radiolaria can therefore be divided into two major lineages: Polycystina (Spumellaria + Nassellaria) and Spasmaria (Acantharia + Taxopodida).
1325:
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Decelle J, Suzuki N, Mahé F, de Vargas C, Not F (May 2012). "Molecular phylogeny and morphological evolution of the Acantharia (Radiolaria)".
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Zhang, Ke; Feng, Qing-Lai (September 2019). "Early Cambrian radiolarians and sponge spicules from the Niujiaohe Formation in South China".
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A. Braun; J. Chen; D. Waloszek; A. Maas (2007), "First Early Cambrian Radiolaria", in Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Komarower, Patricia (eds.),
1809:
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Boltovskoy, D., Kling, S. A., Takahashi, K. & BjĂrklund, K. (2010) "World atlas of distribution of recent Polycystina (Radiolaria)".
2340:
Not F, Gausling R, Azam F, Heidelberg JF, Worden AZ (May 2007). "Vertical distribution of picoeukaryotic diversity in the Sargasso Sea".
977:. Despite some initial suggestions to the contrary, this is also supported by molecular phylogenies. The Acantharea produce skeletons of
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The algebraic solution of the equations revealed a family of solutions, corresponding to a parameter n, taking values 2, 4. 6.
1965:. About ninety percent of known radiolarian species are extinct. The skeletons, or tests, of ancient radiolarians are used in
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I solved the equations and produced a set of solutions which corresponded to the actual species of Radiolaria discovered by
1506:{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial \mathbf {U} }{\partial t}}=\phi (\nabla ^{2})\mathbf {U} +G\mathbf {U} ^{2}-H\mathbf {U} V,}
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3008:"Phylogenetic relationships between the Acantharea and the Polycystinea: A molecular perspective on Haeckel's Radiolaria"
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383:
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Lazarus, David B. (2011). "The deep-sea microfossil record of macroevolutionary change in plankton and its study".
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The gallery shows images of the radiolarians as extracted from drawings made by the German zoologist and polymath
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862:. Due to their rapid change as species and intricate skeletons, radiolarians represent an important diagnostic
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Data show that some species were extirpated from high latitudes but persisted in the tropics during the late
858:. The skeletal remains of some types of radiolarians make up a large part of the cover of the ocean floor as
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with four nested spheres. The innermost sphere is highlighted red. Each segment is shown at the same scale.
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floor when radiolarians die and become preserved as part of the ocean sediment. These remains, as
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2148:"The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes"
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3090:"The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists"
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2199:"Radiolaria divided into Polycystina and Spasmaria in combined 18S and 28S rDNA phylogeny"
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Blog of the Tectonics and Structural Geology Division of the European Geosciences Union.
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910:, which provide most of the cell's energy. Some of this organization is found among the
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Maletz, Jörg (June 2017). "The identification of putative Lower Cambrian Radiolaria".
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Richards, Bernard (2017). "Chapter 35 â Radiolaria: Validating the Turing theory". In
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2922:, Special publications, vol. 286, London: Geological Society, pp. 143â149,
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Radiolarian biogeography with observed and predicted responses to temperature change
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2007:
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1623:(1912â1954) at Manchester as one of Turing's last students, helping to validate
1620:
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1064:
1039:
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962:
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819:, are unicellular eukaryotes of diameter 0.1â0.2 mm that produce intricate
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3222:
2858:
2508:"Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change"
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82:
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3170:
3159:"Geometry and Pattern in Nature 3: The holes in radiolarian and diatom tests"
3032:
2945:
2788:
2767:
Varea, C.; Aragon, J.L.; Barrio, R.A. (1999). "Turing patterns on a sphere".
2622:
914:, but those lack central capsules and only produce simple scales and spines.
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Trubovitz, Sarah; Lazarus, David; Renaudie, Johan; Noble, Paula J. (2020).
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2027:
Smalley, I.J. (1963). "Radiolarians:construction of spherical skeleton".
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throughout the global ocean. As zooplankton, radiolarians are primarily
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991:), which lacks an internal skeleton and was for long time considered a
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957:. Traditionally the radiolarians have been divided into four groupsâ
2996:, Molecular Expressions, Florida State University, 4 February 2004.
6672:; Melkonian, Michael; Chapman, David J.; Corliss, John O. (eds.).
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6002:
4458:
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1343:
Also like diatoms, radiolarian shells are usually made of silicate
1191:
from Google Earth seafloor elevation profile (5°Nâ74°S, at 120°W).
1181:
902:
droplets, keeping them buoyant. The radiolarian can often contain
899:
2992:
Zuckerman, L.D., Fellers, T.J., Alvarado, O., and Davidson, M.W.
2823:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
2559:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
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are in the endoplasm, while the ectoplasm is filled with frothy
6422:
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4526:
3236:
1319:, provide valuable information about past oceanic conditions.
3177:
2658:
Richards, Bernard (1954), "The Morphogenesis of Radiolaria",
1953:
The earliest known radiolaria date to the very start of the
1847:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B
2146:
Nikolaev SI, Berney C, Fahrni JF, et al. (May 2004).
1387:
Cutaway schematic diagram of a spherical radiolarian shell
3126:
Art Forms from the Ocean: The Radiolarian Atlas of 1862
2591:"Minds over Methods: Linking microfossils to tectonics"
2825:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
2561:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
2197:
KrabberÞd AK, BrÄte J, Dolven JK, et al. (2011).
1725:
Spine variations in radiolarians as discovered by HMS
1560:
1522:
1418:
917:
Some radiolarians are known for their resemblance to
6676:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 1â33.
838:. The elaborate mineral skeleton is usually made of
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3088:Adl SM, Simpson AG, Farmer MA, et al. (2005).
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1685:closely replicate some radiolarian shell patterns
5945:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
3006:Zettler, Linda A.; Sogin, ML; Caron, DA (1997).
2501:
2499:
2462:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
1957:period, appearing in the same beds as the first
1803:with 20 (incompletely drawn) spines and 12 faces
1598:two, six, twelve, and twenty, spine variations.
826:, typically with a central capsule dividing the
2736:; et al. (2017). "Notes on Contributors".
2699:
2697:
2080:"Untangling the phylogeny of amoeboid protists"
1634:"Turing was keen to take forward the work that
1406:
1294: Drawings by
886:, which aid in the radiolarian's buoyancy. The
1729:in the 19th century and drawn by Ernst Haeckel
1331:Like diatoms, radiolarians come in many shapes
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999:be much higher than what is currently known.
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1212:, either by migration or range restriction (
981:and is closely related to a peculiar genus,
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4701:
4691:
4678:
4545:
4531:
4523:
4408:
4238:
4229:
4217:
4124:
4088:
4058:
4005:
3996:
3983:
3869:
3798:
3752:
3739:
3722:
3709:
3682:
3662:
3658:
3587:
3545:
3502:
3498:
3469:
3407:
3403:
3392:
3388:
3255:
3241:
3233:
3214:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2607:(in Esperanto). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
937:The radiolarians belong to the supergroup
799:
785:
266:
103:
20:
3105:
3041:
3031:
2539:
2281:
2232:
2222:
2173:
2163:
2095:
1561:
1559:
1535:
1530:
1521:
1492:
1480:
1475:
1463:
1454:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1373:Animation of radiolarian diversity
1216:). With predicted global warming, modern
2920:The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota
2578:Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1980:Some common radiolarian fossils include
1316:
1005:
6660:
2019:
1723:
1377:
1321:
1310:Radiolarians are unicellular predatory
1226:
274:
4513:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
3207:
2603:Turing, Alan; Saunders, P. T. (1992).
1717:Ernst Haeckel's radiolarian engravings
1690:
3073:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003976
1840:"The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis"
830:into the inner and outer portions of
7:
2678:"Turing, Richards and morphogenesis"
2640:"Turing, Richards and Morphogenesis"
1894:"Turing, Richards and Morphogenesis"
1311:
1239:, radiolarian species shaped like a
6731:Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith
2258:"Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla"
1359:radiolarians have shells made from
878:Radiolarians have many needle-like
3129:. Munich; London: Prestel Verlag.
2397:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04614.x
2256:Cavalier-Smith T (December 1993).
1619:, worked under the supervision of
1544:{\displaystyle V=\mathbf {U} ^{2}}
1451:
1432:
1422:
14:
6721:Extant Cambrian first appearances
1648:Turing and radiolarian morphology
1306:Protist shell § Radiolarians
112:Radiolaria illustration from the
16:Phylum of single-celled organisms
3107:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x
2818:
2554:
2362:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01247.x
2121:European Journal of Protistology
2097:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00379.x
1920:
1808:
1793:
1778:
1763:
1748:
1733:
1711:
1699:
1666:
1661:Shell of a spherical radiolarian
1654:
1562:
1531:
1493:
1476:
1464:
1426:
1392:
1380:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1284:
1275:
1247:
1229:
1155:
1123:
1096:
1071:
1046:
766:
765:
282:
128:
854:and are, therefore, considered
850:, but many have photosynthetic
6682:10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_19-1
3992:
3988:
3748:
3744:
2274:10.1128/mmbr.57.4.953-994.1993
1460:
1447:
1:
2078:Pawlowski J, Burki F (2009).
1255:Anthocyrtium hispidum Haeckel
1196:In the diagram on the right,
655:Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt
3157:Brodie, C. (February 2005).
3012:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
2980:10.1016/j.revmic.2017.04.001
2894:10.1016/j.palwor.2019.04.001
2664:The University of Manchester
2580:. Accessed: 2 November 2019.
2574:"Plankton - Animal plankton"
2319:10.1016/j.protis.2011.10.002
2224:10.1371/journal.pone.0023526
2152:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
2049:10.1126/science.140.3565.396
1569:{\displaystyle \mathbf {U} }
1167:
1164:
1161:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1056:
1054:
1052:
2960:Revue de Micropaléontologie
2444:Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull.
1788:with 12 spines and 20 faces
1741:Cromyatractus tetracelyphus
1612:Diversity and morphogenesis
384:Photosynthetic picoplankton
6747:
2815:10.1038/s41598-019-42771-0
2676:Richards, Bernard (2005).
2532:10.1038/s41467-020-18879-7
2427:Palaeontologia Electronica
2133:10.1016/j.ejop.2005.06.001
1303:
1170:
1135:
1108:
1083:
1058:
353:Heterotrophic picoplankton
5900:
5672:
5668:
5663:phyla/divisions by domain
5578:
5339:
5232:
5215:
5087:
4975:
4907:
4875:
4850:
4785:
4677:
4561:
4489:
4241:
4216:
4061:
4008:
3982:
3872:
3801:
3738:
3725:
3708:
3661:
3657:
3590:
3548:
3501:
3472:
3406:
3391:
3387:
3271:
2859:10.1007/s12583-017-0960-0
2572:Wassilieff, Maggy (2006)
1773:with 6 spines and 8 faces
1710:
1698:
1031:
710:Marine primary production
205:
200:
125:Scientific classification
123:
111:
102:
23:
6674:Handbook of the Protists
3718:
3714:
3193:. Berlin. Archived from
3033:10.1073/pnas.94.21.11411
2839:Journal of Earth Science
2789:10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4588
2589:Kachovich, Sarah (2018)
1816:Cannocapsa stethoscopium
1801:Circorrhegma dodecahedra
1679:Computer simulations of
1298:1904 (click for details)
882:supported by bundles of
5873:Thermodesulfobacteriota
3228:Tree Of LifeâRadiolaria
3183:Haeckel, Ernst (1862).
3123:Haeckel, Ernst (2005).
2744:Oxford University Press
2165:10.1073/pnas.0308602101
1934:Triplococcus acanthicus
953:and (shelled amoeboid)
731:Paradox of the plankton
700:Diel vertical migration
3094:J. Eukaryot. Microbiol
2708:; et al. (eds.).
2683:The Rutherford Journal
2645:The Rutherford Journal
2385:J. Eukaryot. Microbiol
2084:J. Eukaryot. Microbiol
1899:The Rutherford Journal
1867:10.1098/rstb.1952.0012
1600:
1570:
1545:
1507:
1375:
1193:
578:Gelatinous zooplankton
6511:Paleobiology Database
6101:Neocallimastigomycota
2512:Nature Communications
1973:and determination of
1930:X-ray microtomography
1786:Circogonia icosahedra
1771:Circopurus octahedrus
1571:
1546:
1508:
1400:Cladococcus abietinus
1371:
1304:Further information:
1237:Circogonia icosahedra
1185:
927:Circogonia icosahedra
5766:Coprothermobacterota
1705:Radiolarian geometry
1558:
1520:
1416:
842:. They are found as
635:Cyanobacterial bloom
399:Marine microplankton
5591:organization type:
4390:Gunflint microbiota
4151:Klebsormidiophyceae
3935:Hyphochytriomycetes
3024:1997PNAS...9411411A
2972:2017RvMic..60..233M
2851:2018JEaSc..29..912C
2781:1999PhRvE..60.4588V
2714:. pp. 383â388.
2524:2020NatCo..11.5069T
2474:2011GSLSP.358..141L
2354:2007EnvMi...9.1233N
2215:2011PLoSO...623526K
2041:1963Sci...140..396S
1859:1952RSPTB.237...37T
1241:regular icosahedron
719:Ocean fertilization
640:Harmful algal bloom
558:Freshwater plankton
270:Part of a series on
6096:Blastocladiomycota
5225:
5221:
4161:Coleochaetophyceae
3541:
3537:
3465:
3461:
3223:RadiolariaâDroplet
3188:Rhizopoda radiaria
2662:, Manchester, UK:
2342:Environ. Microbiol
1959:small shelly fauna
1914:Fossil radiolarian
1756:Circopus sexfurcus
1640:On Growth and Form
1578:Legendre functions
1566:
1541:
1503:
1376:
1269:Radiolarian shapes
1262:Radiolarian shells
1194:
906:algae, especially
660:Great Calcite Belt
6691:978-3-319-32669-6
6657:
6656:
6629:Open Tree of Life
6425:Taxon identifiers
6416:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6390:
6389:
5953:
5952:
5896:
5895:
5888:Verrucomicrobiota
5626:
5625:
5609:heliozoan amoebae
5601:amoeboflagellates
5565:Labyrinthomyxidae
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5484:Globigerinitoidea
5335:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5170:
5169:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5058:
4994:Phaeogymnocellida
4971:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4903:
4902:
4890:Paracercomonadida
4846:
4845:
4781:
4780:
4520:
4519:
4485:
4484:
4421:Spironematellidae
4402:Meteora sporadica
4357:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4286:
4285:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4112:Prasinodermophyta
4048:
4047:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3859:
3858:
3695:Centroplasthelida
3653:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3531:
3530:
3455:
3454:
3186:Die Radiolarien (
3136:978-3-7913-3327-4
2937:978-1-86239-233-5
2769:Physical Review E
2732:; Sprevak, Mark;
2636:Richards, Bernard
2614:978-0-08-093405-1
2035:(3565): 396â397.
1967:geological dating
1944:Middle Ordovician
1890:Richards, Bernard
1722:
1721:
1673:Shell micrographs
1638:had published in
1439:
1361:strontium sulfate
1192:
1175:
1174:
979:strontium sulfate
919:regular polyhedra
809:
808:
665:Milky seas effect
372:Nanophytoplankton
265:
264:
259:
196:
6738:
6696:
6695:
6665:
6650:
6649:
6637:
6636:
6624:
6623:
6611:
6610:
6598:
6597:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6542:
6541:
6529:
6528:
6519:
6518:
6506:
6505:
6493:
6492:
6480:
6479:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6420:
6164:Anthocerotophyta
6043:Hemimastigophora
5964:
5935:Nitrososphaerota
5902:
5878:Thermomicrobiota
5818:Kiritimatiellota
5813:Ignavibacteriota
5778:Deferribacterota
5741:Campylobacterota
5726:Bdellovibrionota
5674:
5670:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5630:
5418:Silicoloculinida
5352:
5348:
5341:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5217:
5197:Plasmodiophorida
5107:
5100:
5096:
5089:
4977:
4954:Thaumatomonadida
4942:
4909:
4873:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4805:
4798:
4794:
4787:
4702:
4692:
4688:
4679:
4590:
4570:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4524:
4467:Collodictyonidae
4413:Hemimastigophora
4409:
4368:
4239:
4230:
4226:
4218:
4167:Zygnematophyceae
4125:
4105:
4089:
4059:
4006:
3997:
3993:
3984:
3870:
3799:
3753:
3749:
3740:
3723:
3719:
3710:
3683:
3670:
3663:
3659:
3613:Choanoflagellata
3588:
3546:
3542:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3470:
3466:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3389:
3300:
3280:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3234:
3219:
3213:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3174:
3140:
3119:
3109:
3084:
3055:
3045:
3035:
2997:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2928:10.1144/SP286.10
2915:
2906:
2905:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2739:The Turing Guide
2722:
2716:
2715:
2711:The Turing Guide
2701:
2692:
2691:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2655:
2649:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2600:
2594:
2587:
2581:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2482:10.1144/SP358.10
2457:
2451:
2440:
2434:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2167:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2024:
1975:ancient climates
1969:, including for
1924:
1886:
1844:
1812:
1797:
1782:
1767:
1752:
1737:
1715:
1714:
1703:
1702:
1691:
1670:
1658:
1617:Bernard Richards
1607:
1604:Bernard Richards
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1420:
1396:
1384:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1288:
1279:
1251:
1233:
1189:
1159:
1151:
1144:
1127:
1117:
1100:
1092:
1075:
1067:
1050:
1042:
1035:
1006:
929:pictured below.
801:
794:
787:
774:
769:
768:
430:coccolithophores
367:Microzooplankton
326:Bacterioplankton
286:
267:
247:
191:
133:
132:
107:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
6746:
6745:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6726:Bikont subphyla
6701:
6700:
6699:
6692:
6667:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6653:
6645:
6640:
6632:
6627:
6619:
6614:
6606:
6601:
6593:
6588:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6545:
6537:
6532:
6524:
6522:
6514:
6509:
6501:
6496:
6488:
6483:
6475:
6470:
6461:
6460:
6455:
6446:
6445:
6440:
6427:
6417:
6408:
6386:
6337:Gnathostomulida
6242:Xenacoelomorpha
6208:
6204:Flowering plant
6159:Marchantiophyta
6125:
6091:Chytridiomycota
6077:
5949:
5892:
5848:Planctomycetota
5808:Gemmatimonadota
5793:Elusimicrobiota
5686:Acidobacteriota
5664:
5657:
5627:
5622:
5605:testate amoebae
5574:
5523:
5488:
5467:Globotruncanida
5427:
5388:
5344:
5327:
5294:
5290:Symphyacanthida
5261:
5237:
5220:
5203:
5166:
5142:Claustrosporida
5128:
5092:
5055:
4963:
4940:
4899:
4855:
4842:
4824:
4790:
4777:
4754:
4721:
4682:
4673:
4672:
4588:
4566:
4557:
4551:
4521:
4516:
4481:
4453:
4444:Ancyromonadidae
4430:
4407:
4362:
4349:
4340:Malawimonadidae
4326:
4282:
4257:
4221:
4180:
4123:
4096:
4095:
4087:
4044:
4019:
3987:
3958:
3911:
3883:
3855:
3818:
3788:
3743:
3734:
3713:
3704:
3681:
3666:
3625:
3599:
3577:
3536:
3527:
3491:
3486:
3460:
3451:
3396:
3383:
3382:
3298:
3276:
3267:
3261:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3182:
3156:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3122:
3087:
3061:Mol. Biol. Evol
3058:
3018:(21): 11411â6.
3005:
3001:
3000:
2991:
2987:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2938:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2808:
2804:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2746:. p. 478.
2730:Bowen, Jonathan
2724:
2723:
2719:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2634:
2630:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2588:
2584:
2571:
2567:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2441:
2437:
2424:
2420:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2158:(21): 8066â71.
2145:
2144:
2140:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2004:
1971:oil exploration
1951:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1819:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1789:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1759:
1753:
1744:
1738:
1712:
1700:
1694:External videos
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1681:Turing patterns
1676:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1636:DâArcy Thompson
1625:Turingâs theory
1614:
1609:
1602:
1556:
1555:
1529:
1518:
1517:
1474:
1450:
1431:
1421:
1414:
1413:
1402:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1374:
1364:
1353:
1344:
1341:
1332:
1329:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1188:
1180:
1149:
1142:
1115:
1090:
1065:
1040:
1033:
941:together with (
935:
890:and most other
876:
866:found from the
805:
764:
757:
756:
755:
714:
690:CLAW hypothesis
679:
671:
670:
669:
619:
609:
608:
607:
588:Ichthyoplankton
572:
564:
563:
562:
553:
537:Marine plankton
532:
517:
509:
508:
507:
498:
489:
473:
453:
441:
435:dinoflagellates
426:
413:
405:
404:
403:
357:
347:
337:
336:
335:
311:
296:
190:
127:
98:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6744:
6742:
6734:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6690:
6670:Margulis, Lynn
6659:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6651:
6638:
6625:
6612:
6599:
6586:
6571:
6555:
6553:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6530:
6520:
6507:
6494:
6481:
6468:
6453:
6437:
6435:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6414:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6402:
6400:
6397:Incertae sedis
6392:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6342:Micrognathozoa
6339:
6334:
6332:Acanthocephala
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6174:Lycopodiophyta
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6087:
6085:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5988:Ancyromonadida
5985:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5942:
5940:Thermoproteota
5937:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5910:
5908:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5853:Pseudomonadota
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5828:Mycoplasmatota
5825:
5823:Lentisphaerota
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5803:Fusobacteriota
5800:
5798:Fibrobacterota
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5701:Armatimonadota
5698:
5693:
5691:Actinomycetota
5688:
5682:
5680:
5666:
5665:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5633:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5613:sporozoan-like
5589:
5586:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5570:Rhizoplasmidae
5567:
5562:
5560:Gymnosphaerida
5557:
5549:
5547:
5545:Incertae sedis
5541:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5496:
5494:Incertae sedis
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5479:Guembelitriida
5475:
5473:Heterohelicida
5469:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5398:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5379:
5373:
5371:Xenophyophorea
5368:
5361:
5359:
5349:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5280:Chaunocanthida
5277:
5275:Arthracanthida
5271:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5242:
5227:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5115:
5113:
5104:
5097:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5051:Ventricleftida
5048:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5004:Phaeosphaerida
5001:
4996:
4985:
4983:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4926:Spongomonadida
4923:
4917:
4915:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4880:Glissomonadida
4876:
4870:
4860:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4834:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4768:Chlorarachnida
4764:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4740:Desmothoracida
4737:
4731:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4699:
4696:Reticulofilosa
4689:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4663:Mesomycetozoea
4660:
4655:
4645:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4599:Diaphoretickes
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:classification
4552:
4550:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4527:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4501:
4497:excluded from
4490:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4449:Planomonadidae
4446:
4440:
4438:
4436:Ancyromonadida
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4426:Paramastigidae
4423:
4417:
4415:
4406:
4405:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4378:
4371:
4369:
4365:Incertae sedis
4359:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4267:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4227:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4170:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4141:
4133:
4131:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4054:Archaeplastida
4050:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4009:
4003:
3994:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3845:Dinoflagellata
3841:
3839:Chrompodellida
3836:
3828:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3750:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3680:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3668:Diaphoretickes
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3543:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3496:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3401:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:Mesomycetozoea
3370:
3365:
3355:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3309:Diaphoretickes
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:classification
3262:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3180:
3178:Radiolaria.org
3175:
3154:
3147:
3146:External links
3144:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3120:
3100:(5): 399â451.
3085:
3067:(1): 118â121.
3056:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2994:"Radiolarians"
2985:
2966:(2): 233â240.
2950:
2936:
2907:
2888:(3): 234â242.
2872:
2845:(4): 912â919.
2829:
2802:
2775:(4): 4588â92.
2759:
2753:978-0198747833
2752:
2726:Copeland, Jack
2717:
2706:Copeland, Jack
2693:
2668:
2650:
2628:
2613:
2595:
2582:
2565:
2495:
2468:(1): 141â166.
2452:
2435:
2418:
2375:
2348:(5): 1233â52.
2332:
2297:
2262:Microbiol. Rev
2248:
2189:
2138:
2127:(4): 287â298.
2111:
2070:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1887:
1853:(641): 37â72.
1821:
1820:
1818:with 20 spines
1814:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1732:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1708:
1707:
1696:
1695:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1613:
1610:
1587:19th Century.
1564:
1552:
1551:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1514:
1513:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1347:
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1342:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1323:
1293:
1292:
1283:
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1274:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1235:
1228:
1218:Southern Ocean
1186:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
934:
931:
921:, such as the
875:
872:
860:siliceous ooze
815:, also called
807:
806:
804:
803:
796:
789:
781:
778:
777:
776:
775:
759:
758:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
727:
726:
715:
713:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
681:
680:
678:Related topics
677:
676:
673:
672:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
650:Eutrophication
647:
642:
637:
632:
630:Critical depth
627:
621:
620:
615:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
600:
598:Pseudoplankton
595:
590:
585:
580:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
561:
560:
554:
552:
551:
550:
549:
544:
533:
531:
530:
525:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
506:
505:
499:
497:
496:
490:
488:
487:
486:
485:
474:
472:
471:
470:
469:
464:
459:
457:foraminiferans
454:
442:
440:
439:
438:
437:
432:
427:
415:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
402:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
380:
379:
369:
364:
358:
356:
355:
349:
348:
343:
342:
339:
338:
334:
333:
328:
323:
318:
312:
310:
309:
304:
298:
297:
292:
291:
288:
287:
279:
278:
272:
271:
263:
262:
261:
260:
245:
233:
228:
227:
226:
221:
216:
203:
202:
198:
197:
193:Cavalier-Smith
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
158:
157:
155:Diaphoretickes
152:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
121:
120:
109:
108:
100:
99:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
35:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6743:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6693:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6664:
6661:
6648:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6591:
6587:
6582:
6576:
6572:
6567:
6561:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6548:
6540:
6535:
6531:
6527:
6521:
6517:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6473:
6469:
6464:
6458:
6454:
6449:
6443:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6421:
6407:
6406:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6393:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6122:
6121:Basidiomycota
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6106:Glomeromycota
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6080:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6068:Stramenopiles
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:Apusomonadida
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5929:Nanoarchaeota
5926:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5915:Euryarchaeota
5912:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5863:Spirochaetota
5861:
5859:
5858:Rhodothermota
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5788:Dictyoglomota
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5772:Cyanobacteria
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5761:Chrysiogenota
5759:
5757:
5756:Chloroflexota
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5736:Calditrichota
5734:
5732:
5731:Caldisericota
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5706:Atribacterota
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5662:
5654:
5649:
5647:
5642:
5640:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5462:
5461:Globigerinida
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5433:Globothalamea
5430:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5249:Sticholonchea
5246:
5243:
5240:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5218:
5214:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5046:Tectofilosida
5044:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5019:Phaeoconchida
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4946:Silicofilosea
4943:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4896:
4895:Cercomonadida
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4853:
4849:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4820:Metromonadida
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4788:
4784:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4760:Chlorarachnea
4757:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:Leucodictyida
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4676:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:Stramenopiles
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4589:(major groups
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4548:
4543:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4493:Âčtraditional
4492:
4491:
4488:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4472:Mantamonadida
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4360:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4272:
4271:Heterolobosea
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4263:Discicristata
4260:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4094:
4093:Viridiplantae
4090:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4014:Microheliella
4011:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3981:
3955:
3954:Actinophryida
3952:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3865:Stramenopiles
3862:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:Ichthyosporea
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:Rotosphaerida
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3477:Apusomonadida
3475:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3336:Stramenopiles
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3299:(major groups
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3197:on 2009-06-19
3196:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3003:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2734:Wilson, Robin
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2605:Morphogenesis
2599:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2391:(4): 347â66.
2390:
2386:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2313:(3): 435â50.
2312:
2308:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2268:(4): 953â94.
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2209:(8): e23526.
2208:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1907:Fossil record
1906:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:Ernst Haeckel
1817:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1761:
1758:with 6 spines
1757:
1751:
1746:
1743:with 2 spines
1742:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1709:
1706:
1697:
1692:
1682:
1669:
1657:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1629:morphogenesis
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1606:, 2006
1605:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1554:The function
1536:
1526:
1523:
1516:
1515:
1500:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1471:
1468:
1455:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1401:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1278:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1184:
1177:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:Sticholonchea
1140:
1139:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
986:
985:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
932:
930:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
908:zooxanthellae
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
873:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
852:endosymbionts
849:
848:heterotrophic
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
822:
818:
814:
802:
797:
795:
790:
788:
783:
782:
780:
779:
773:
763:
762:
761:
760:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
725:
722:
721:
720:
717:
716:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
675:
674:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
618:
613:
612:
604:
603:Tychoplankton
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
568:
567:
559:
556:
555:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
538:
535:
534:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
513:
512:
504:
501:
500:
495:
492:
491:
484:
483:cyanobacteria
481:
480:
479:
476:
475:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
452:
449:
448:
447:
444:
443:
436:
433:
431:
428:
425:
422:
421:
420:
417:
416:
409:
408:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
389:Picoeukaryote
387:
385:
382:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
354:
351:
350:
346:
341:
340:
332:
331:Virioplankton
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
308:
305:
303:
302:Phytoplankton
300:
299:
295:
290:
289:
285:
281:
280:
277:
273:
269:
268:
257:
253:
250:
246:
243:
242:
237:
234:
232:
229:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
210:
207:
206:
204:
199:
194:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
122:
118:
116:
110:
106:
101:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
32:
22:
19:
6711:Radiolarians
6673:
6663:
6550:
6432:
6403:
6395:
6317:Orthonectida
6312:Gastrotricha
6287:Nematomorpha
6262:Chaetognatha
6252:Hemichordate
6179:Pteridophyta
6048:Malawimonada
5922:Korarchaeota
5883:Thermotogota
5868:Synergistota
5843:Nitrospirota
5838:Nitrospinota
5783:Deinococcota
5716:Bacteroidota
5584:paraphyletic
5554:Lapot gusevi
5552:
5544:
5513:Heterogromia
5511:
5502:Involutinida
5493:
5441:Textulariida
5423:Ammodiscidae
5413:Spirillinida
5394:Tubothalamea
5383:Reticulomyxa
5381:
5376:Astrorhizida
5365:Allogromiida
5356:Monothalamea
5346:Foraminifera
5300:Polycystinea
5285:Holocanthida
5238:
5182:Vampyrellida
5147:Haplosporida
5134:Ascetosporea
5124:Reticulosida
5029:Cryomonadida
5014:Phaeogromida
5009:Phaeocalpida
4999:Phaeocystida
4981:Thecofilosea
4936:Variglissida
4931:Marimonadida
4867:Sarcomonadea
4857:Ventrifilosa
4808:Metromonadea
4792:Monadofilosa
4735:Cryptofilida
4727:Granofilosea
4712:Aquavolonida
4648:Opisthokonta
4510:
4505:paraphyletic
4400:
4381:
4363:
4332:Malawimonada
4312:Anaeromonada
4307:Anaeramoebae
4299:
4275:
4252:Tsukubamonas
4250:
4172:
4165:
4156:Charophyceae
4143:
4136:
4129:Streptophyta
4116:
4100:
4080:
4076:Rhodelphidia
4034:Palpitomonas
4032:
4012:
4001:Pancryptista
3946:
3939:
3876:
3843:
3831:
3811:
3782:
3781:
3776:Foraminifera
3774:
3617:
3560:
3554:Tunicaraptor
3552:
3519:
3493:Opisthokonta
3429:
3358:Opisthokonta
3199:. Retrieved
3195:the original
3189:
3185:
3162:
3152:Radiolarians
3125:
3097:
3093:
3064:
3060:
3015:
3011:
2988:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2919:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2805:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2737:
2720:
2709:
2687:
2681:
2671:
2659:
2653:
2643:
2631:
2604:
2598:
2585:
2577:
2568:
2515:
2511:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2090:(1): 16â25.
2087:
2083:
2073:
2032:
2028:
2022:
1995:Hexadoridium
1993:
1989:Heliosphaera
1987:
1981:
1979:
1952:
1933:
1928:
1897:
1892:(2005-2006)
1850:
1846:
1836:Turing, Alan
1829:
1822:
1815:
1800:
1785:
1770:
1755:
1740:
1726:
1633:
1615:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1553:
1407:
1399:
1317:microfossils
1309:
1254:
1236:
1221:
1213:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1178:Biogeography
1034:Polycystinea
1027:Description
1001:
997:
984:Sticholonche
982:
955:Foraminifera
936:
926:
916:
888:cell nucleus
884:microtubules
877:
816:
812:
810:
645:Spring bloom
593:Meroplankton
583:Holoplankton
523:Aeroplankton
451:radiolarians
450:
394:Picoplankton
321:Mycoplankton
316:Mixoplankton
294:Trophic mode
248:
241:Sticholonche
239:
209:Polycystinea
187:
161:
148:
114:
18:
6603:iNaturalist
6575:Wikispecies
6485:iNaturalist
6457:Wikispecies
6372:Brachiopoda
6347:Cycliophora
6292:Onychophora
6267:Kinorhyncha
6189:Ginkgophyta
6184:Cycadophyta
6149:Chlorophyta
6139:Glaucophyta
5833:Myxococcota
5751:Chlorobiota
5746:Chlamydiota
5617:fungus-like
5593:flagellates
5456:Carterinida
5451:Robertinida
5318:Spumellaria
5313:Nassellaria
5192:Phagomyxida
5175:Proteomyxia
5152:Mikrocytida
4750:Limnofilida
4705:Skiomonadea
4396:Chitinozoan
4322:Parabasalia
4174:Embryophyta
4138:Chlorokybus
4118:Chlorophyta
4066:Glaucophyta
4040:Cryptophyta
3930:Pirsoniales
3897:Bicosoecida
3878:Platysulcus
3851:Perkinsozoa
3833:Apicomplexa
3806:Colponemida
3573:Pluriformea
3442:Archamoebea
3431:Eumycetozoa
2882:Palaeoworld
2648:, Volume 1.
2518:(1): 5069.
2008:Radiolarite
1940:microfossil
1902:, Volume 1.
1683:on a sphere
1621:Alan Turing
1357:acantharian
1066:Spumellaria
1041:Nassellaria
975:Polycystina
967:Spumellaria
963:Nassellaria
923:icosahedron
874:Description
844:zooplankton
746:Thin layers
741:Planktology
736:Planktivore
685:Algaculture
625:Algal bloom
571:Other types
542:prokaryotes
528:Geoplankton
412:By taxonomy
307:Zooplankton
219:Spumellaria
214:Nassellaria
184:Subphylum:
6705:Categories
6463:Radiolaria
6433:Radiolaria
6405:Parakaryon
6367:Entoprocta
6302:Arthropoda
6297:Tardigrada
6277:Priapulida
6272:Loricifera
6257:Echinoderm
6227:Ctenophora
6199:Gnetophyta
6154:Charophyta
6144:Rhodophyta
6116:Ascomycota
6111:Zygomycota
6053:Metamonada
6028:Euglenozoa
6013:Ciliophora
5721:Balneolota
5696:Aquificota
5519:Komokiacea
5403:Fusulinida
5308:Collodaria
5267:Acantharea
5257:Taxopodida
5239:Radiolaria
5187:Phytomyxea
5162:Paramyxida
5157:Paradinida
4989:Phaeodarea
4959:Euglyphida
4913:Imbricatea
4885:Katabiidae
4773:Minorisida
4477:Rigifilida
4376:Acritarchs
4301:Barthelona
4292:Metamonada
4277:Euglenozoa
4145:Mesostigma
4101:sensu lato
4082:Rhodophyta
3941:Ochrophyta
3902:Placidozoa
3813:Ciliophora
3783:Radiolaria
3700:Haptophyta
3595:Filasterea
3507:Holomycota
3201:2007-09-07
2660:MSc thesis
2450:: 319â332.
2014:References
1938:This is a
1727:Challenger
1642:in 1917".
1594:Challenger
1150:Taxopodida
1116:Acantharea
1091:Collodaria
989:Taxopodida
971:Phaeodarea
959:Acantharea
947:flagellate
892:organelles
880:pseudopods
856:mixotrophs
813:Radiolaria
516:By habitat
446:Protozoans
377:calcareous
362:Microalgae
252:Phaeodaria
236:Taxopodida
231:Acantharea
224:Collodaria
188:Radiolaria
117:expedition
115:Challenger
24:Radiolaria
6716:Amoeboids
6566:Q21446955
6322:Dicyemida
6194:Pinophyta
6073:Telonemia
6008:Cryptista
5998:Breviatea
5983:Amoebozoa
5978:Alveolata
5959:Eukaryote
5711:Bacillota
5446:Rotaliida
5408:Miliolida
5111:Gromiidea
5103:Marimyxia
5025:Eothecia
4921:Krakenida
4838:Helkesida
4815:Metopiida
4717:Tremulida
4643:Amoebozoa
4621:Alveolata
4609:Cryptista
4584:Eukaryota
4317:Fornicata
4223:Excavates
4025:Cryptista
3948:Oomycetes
3925:Developea
3907:Sagenista
3794:Alveolata
3730:Telonemia
3605:Choanozoa
3482:Breviatea
3425:Tubulinea
3412:Amoebozoa
3353:Amoebozoa
3331:Alveolata
3319:Cryptista
3294:Eukaryota
3264:Eukaryote
3210:cite book
3171:1365-070X
2946:156823511
2902:146452469
2867:134890245
2623:680063781
2490:128826639
1983:Actinomma
1942:from the
1883:120437796
1827:in 1887.
1487:−
1452:∇
1445:ϕ
1433:∂
1423:∂
1018:Families
993:heliozoan
904:symbiotic
870:onwards.
836:ectoplasm
832:endoplasm
824:skeletons
249:Excluded:
142:Eukaryota
6621:11905019
6581:Radiozoa
6560:Wikidata
6551:Radiozoa
6442:Wikidata
6382:Annelida
6377:Mollusca
6357:Phoronid
6352:Nemertea
6327:Rotifera
6307:Flatworm
6282:Nematoda
6247:Chordate
6237:Cnidaria
6232:Placozoa
6063:Rhizaria
6038:Haptista
6018:Cercozoa
5678:Bacteria
5588:â extinct
5507:Lagenida
5323:Orodaria
5119:Gromiida
5094:Endomyxa
5039:Matazida
5034:Ebriacea
4830:Helkesea
4801:Eoglissa
4685:Cercozoa
4638:Amorphea
4616:Rhizaria
4604:Hacrobia
4594:Excavata
4579:Bacteria
4554:Rhizaria
4499:protists
4495:kingdoms
4383:Grypania
4345:Imasidae
4246:Jakobida
3770:Endomyxa
3765:Cercozoa
3757:Rhizaria
3687:Haptista
3619:Animalia
3562:Bicellum
3437:Variosea
3420:Discosea
3398:Amorphea
3348:Amorphea
3326:Rhizaria
3314:Hacrobia
3304:Excavata
3289:Bacteria
3163:Micscape
3116:16248873
3081:11752197
2797:11970318
2550:33093493
2433:: 1â230.
2413:22759799
2405:18092388
2370:17472637
2327:22154393
2243:21853146
2203:PLOS ONE
2184:15148395
2106:19335771
2065:28616246
2057:17815802
2002:See also
1955:Cambrian
1838:(1952).
1363:crystals
1355:However
1312:protists
1024:Species
951:Cercozoa
943:amoeboid
939:Rhizaria
933:Taxonomy
925:-shaped
912:heliozoa
896:vacuoles
868:Cambrian
817:Radiozoa
772:Category
547:protists
478:Bacteria
467:ciliates
276:Plankton
256:Cercozoa
254:(now in
201:Classes
174:Phylum:
138:Domain:
119:1873â76
33:â Recent
31:Cambrian
6634:5157783
6595:7231714
6477:2863783
6448:Q107920
6362:Bryozoa
6058:Provora
6033:Jakobea
6023:Discoba
5969:Protist
5906:Archaea
5659:Extant
5597:amoebae
5223:Retaria
4653:Animals
4574:Archaea
4234:Discoba
4099:Plants
4071:Picozoa
3917:Gyrista
3824:Myzozoa
3677:Provora
3583:Filozoa
3539:Holozoa
3447:Cutosea
3363:Animals
3284:Archaea
3165:(112).
3052:9326623
3020:Bibcode
2968:Bibcode
2847:Bibcode
2777:Bibcode
2638:(2006)
2541:7582175
2520:Bibcode
2470:Bibcode
2350:Bibcode
2307:Protist
2292:8302218
2234:3154480
2211:Bibcode
2037:Bibcode
2029:Science
1855:Bibcode
1296:Haeckel
1210:Neogene
1021:Genera
821:mineral
705:f-ratio
503:Viruses
494:Archaea
462:amoebae
424:diatoms
345:By size
178:Retaria
6688:
6647:582421
6608:211193
6539:196831
6526:652641
6523:uBio:
6490:340479
6222:Sponge
6214:Animal
4687:
4683:
4631:Plants
4568:Domain
4507:groups
3889:Bigyra
3463:Obazoa
3341:Plants
3278:Domain
3169:
3133:
3114:
3079:
3050:
3040:
2944:
2934:
2900:
2865:
2795:
2750:
2621:
2611:
2548:
2538:
2488:
2411:
2403:
2368:
2325:
2290:
2283:372943
2280:
2241:
2231:
2182:
2175:419558
2172:
2104:
2063:
2055:
1881:
1873:
1015:Image
1012:Order
1009:Class
864:fossil
840:silica
770:
751:NAAMES
617:Blooms
195:, 1987
6642:WoRMS
6616:IRMNG
6534:WoRMS
6503:46088
6131:Plant
6083:Fungi
6003:CRuMs
4658:Fungi
4459:CRuMs
3521:Fungi
3368:Fungi
3043:23483
2898:S2CID
2863:S2CID
2486:S2CID
2409:S2CID
2061:S2CID
1879:S2CID
1875:92463
1871:JSTOR
1843:(PDF)
900:lipid
419:Algae
162:Clade
149:Clade
6686:ISBN
6590:GBIF
6498:ITIS
6169:Moss
5661:life
4511:bold
3716:TSAR
3216:link
3167:ISSN
3131:ISBN
3112:PMID
3077:PMID
3048:PMID
2942:OCLC
2932:ISBN
2793:PMID
2748:ISBN
2619:OCLC
2609:ISBN
2546:PMID
2401:PMID
2366:PMID
2323:PMID
2288:PMID
2239:PMID
2180:PMID
2102:PMID
2053:PMID
1992:and
1963:test
1592:HMS
1171:...
1136:...
1109:...
1084:...
1059:...
969:and
898:and
834:and
828:cell
811:The
724:iron
38:Preê
6678:doi
6472:EoL
3990:CAM
3746:SAR
3102:doi
3069:doi
3038:PMC
3028:doi
2976:doi
2924:doi
2890:doi
2855:doi
2811:doi
2785:doi
2536:PMC
2528:doi
2478:doi
2466:358
2393:doi
2358:doi
2315:doi
2311:163
2278:PMC
2270:doi
2229:PMC
2219:doi
2170:PMC
2160:doi
2156:101
2129:doi
2092:doi
2045:doi
2033:140
1932:of
1863:doi
1851:237
1627:of
945:or
695:CPR
168:SAR
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2696:^
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2642:,
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2484:.
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164::
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