541:'Strategies are defined as evolved solutions to adaptive problems'. Men and women differ in the adaptive problems that they face, and therefore deploy different strategies. Women strongly desire the resources and commitment that comes with paternal parental investment and therefore impose a longer period of time for courtship and use of seduction prior to engaging in a long-term sexual relationship. Women also spend time seeking and seducing men that are willing to invest and commit in the long run. It is likely that exploitative strategies will not be used when seducing a long-term partner. The traits associated within the dark triad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism) are not useful for long term mating strategies because they are negatively correlated with
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if she were to give birth to a child whose father has better genes than her husband. Females use these short-term matings to hone their mating and seduction skills and increase their protection. This is because males often provide increased protection against other males exploitation or from non-humans for the females they mate with and their offspring. However, this willingness to make the first move towards seduction and engage in a sexual relationship may be subtle. For example, females may simply stand close to their target.
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fertility. Therefore, our ancestors would have deployed this tactic (for enticing a suitable mate), which remains in our psychology. Some evolved poaching behaviours may not be suitable for current environmental problems. Leftover by-products from human evolution, such as preferences for fat and sugar, are not adaptive in western cultures at present, and thus similar poaching behaviours could still remain.
533:. This can be achieved by a female partaking in a short-term affair, incorporating the use of seduction, with another male as a revenge tactic for her husband's previous affair, which aims to increase commitment of her intended long-term mate. These hypotheses indicate the benefits for females of developing and expanding on their seduction skills within sexual relationships.
1924:
358:, which may require this strategy of seduction used to access the female for intercourse. However, this finding has been contradicted by non-verbal seduction results which indicate that females have more control within this area. Other potential strategies individuals employ to gain access to a mate include
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defined the crime of seduction as a felony committed "when a male person induced an unmarried female of previously chaste character to engage in an act of sexual intercourse on a promise of marriage." A father had the right to maintain an action for the seduction of his daughter (or the enticement of
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are a salient cue, expressing attraction. Leading on from this, eye contact is a very notable sign of attraction. Although there are cross cultural differences in whether eye contact is used or not, in
Western cultures, the duration of eye contact and the exchange between two individuals is important
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when females have sexual intercourse with males other than their husband. There are potential benefits for females to engage in these matings, including the ability to acquire more resources. For example, females are better able to access meats, goods or services in exchange for sexual intercourse or
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specifies that the seducer must marry his victim or pay her father to compensate him for his loss of the marriage price: "And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife. If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money
613:
is considered another prominent feature in seduction, as it signifies willingness to engage in a social interaction, and in the case of seduction, to participate in creating an intimate bond. These non-verbal behaviours become synchronised between the two individuals which can then lead to the last
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and ultimately reproduce. This behaviour is also aimed at persuading someone to develop a short-term or long-term sexual relationship with them. Males declare that they adopt the strategy of seduction statistically more frequently than females. From an evolutionary perspective, this has been linked
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The dark triad traits are seen more in males where the parental investment is lower. Having numerous copulations with many women increases the likelihood their genes will be passed on. Comparatively, a woman has to invest time and a lot of energy in carrying an infant and looking after him/her for
524:
Improving attraction and seduction skills can also help a female with acquiring a better or more desirable male according to the 'Mate
Switching Hypothesis'. This is because, females are able to assess their potential mate before committing to a long-term relationship. Alternatively, according to
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Evolutionarily speaking, we are descended from our reproductively-successful ancestors who managed to solve the adaptive problem of finding a mate with the required characteristics needed at that time in their lives, e.g., plenty of resources, physical attractiveness, and showing signs of honest
402:
among both sexes. Moreover, there are associated costs and benefits to poaching. Schmitt and Buss (2001) investigated the potential costs and benefits across sexes in relation to human mate poaching. Costs for engaging in poaching behaviours include unwanted pregnancy, transmitted infection and
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Additionally, there are other potential considerations of the implication of short-term strategies. Males cannot employ such strategies without there being willing females to engage in sexual intercourse within a short-term relationship with them. Therefore, benefits from engaging in multiple
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and the lack of guarantee of male parental investment, although evolutionary science cannot draw a causal relationship between the two factors. Females therefore need to be seduced more prior to engaging in sexual intercourse. Men more commonly wish to engage in more frequent short-term
476:, useful in the seduction process. Typically these three traits are deemed maladaptive for the individual and society. Nevertheless, these traits have been found to be adaptive in an exploitative strategy in short term mating. Dark triad traits are adaptive for an unrestricted
525:
this hypothesis females are also able to get rid of an unwanted husband through mate expulsion using short-term strategies, such as by seducing another man into a short-term sexual relationship. Females may also be more equipped at deterring male partners from future
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in the first meeting. However, whilst seducing, the paralanguage will alter gradually. His voice will eventually become softer with lower pitch and modulated voice. These characteristics of the voice are akin to those adults use when speaking to children, in
637:. These features of verbal communication change in different stages of the seduction process. Studies have shown that when initiating an interaction with a female, the seductive characteristics of the voice will begin with slightly higher pitch and increased
387:. Human mate poaching refers to when either a male or female purposefully entices another individual who is already in an established relationship into sexual relations with them. This is akin to the definition of seduction in the introduction. This is a
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was charged in New Jersey in 1938 with seduction, having enticed a woman "of good repute to engage in sexual intercourse with him upon his promise of marriage. The charges were dropped when it was discovered that the woman was already married."
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and relationships amongst humans. Individuals employing such strategies often do so subconsciously and will merely report the feelings and thoughts that they subjectively experienced and are colloquially comparable to 'attraction' or 'love'.
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Within the interactive seduction game, non-verbal communication is a prominent feature in accessing the desirable potential mate. The purpose of this communication is to reduce the interpersonal distance between the desired individuals.
855:
Kenrick, D. T.; Groth, G. E.; Trost, M. R. & Sadalla, E. K. (1993). "Integrating evolutionary and social exchange perspectives on relationships: Effects of gender, self-appraisal, and involvement level on mate selection criteria".
492:. These personality traits would be useful in seducing a partner for a short term encounter. From an evolutionary perspective, these would have been particularly beneficial to our ancestral males who wanted to increase their
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behaviours (behaviours used to protect their mate from other potential males or females). However, the associated benefits include emotional support that may not be received from a current partner, and access to 'good
196:
Seduction is a popular motif in history and fiction, both as a warning of the social consequences of engaging in the behaviour or becoming its victim, and as a salute to a powerful skill. In the Bible,
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of seduction depends on the long-term impacts on the individuals concerned, rather than the act itself, and may not necessarily carry the negative connotations expressed in dictionary definitions.
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Jonason, P. K.; Valentine, K. A.; Li, N. P. & Harbeson, C. L. (2011). "Mate-selection and the Dark Triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy and creating a volatile environment".
553:
Kenrick and Trost (1987) have formulated a
Biosocial theory of heterosexual relationships which encompasses several stages of seduction. This includes five stages of natural progression:
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short-term mating must also exist for females. These matings enable females to practice and enhance their skills, specifically within attraction and seduction. This often occurs during
1934:
496:, through seducing many women and therefore increasing their chance of passing on their genes. These particular traits may be used as a tactic for increasing success in mating.
403:
diseases, and insecurity about provisions (shelter, food, and financial security) and/or resource depletion, violence and aggression from the current partner, who takes part in
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Within these stages, both individuals are interacting in a game which is never explicit, this is because if either individual were to be rejected this would damage their
581:. Therefore, when seducing, the overarching aims and goals are never vocalised to the other desired individual. This is sometimes referred to as paradoxical exhibition.
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mechanisms is to impress the desired partner and display positive characteristics that are likely to be attractive, and to repress undesirable characteristics.
134:. Seen positively, seduction is synonymous for the act of charming someone—male or female—by an appeal to the senses, often with the goal of reducing unfounded
1947:
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Eaton, S. B.; Strassman, B. I.; Nesse, R. M.; Neel, J. V.; Ewald, P. W.; Williams, G. C., ... & Mysterud, I. (2002). "Evolutionary health promotion".
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Littleton, H. L. & Axsom, D. (2003). "Rape and seduction scripts of university students: Implications for rape attributions and unacknowledged rape".
646:. This is vocal exhibition, which has been found mostly in males. The aim of modulating the voice is to attract the desired female and become intimate.
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1977:
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The triad of traits ancestrally would not have been adaptive for women, because females were and still are less likely or less willing to engage in
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who was given great strength by God, but ultimately lost his strength when she allowed the
Philistines to shave his hair off during his slumber.
1817:
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441:, however predominantly in males. Short-term strategies are those used by an individual to obtain a mate for a short term sexual encounter.
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Jonason, P. K.; Li, N. P.; Webster, G. D. & Schmitt, D. P. (2009). "The dark triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy in men".
708:
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Marston, P. J.; Hecht, M. L. & Robers, T. (1987). "True love ways': The subjective experience and communication of romantic love".
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reasons. Ultimately, both males and females have reported preferring seduction above all other strategies, such as the use of power or
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242:
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Conley, Terri D. (2021). "Perceived proposer personality characteristics and gender differences in acceptance of casual sex offers".
1899:
1878:
529:, demonstrated by the 'Mate Manipulation Hypothesis'. This hypothesis suggests that females are able to use revenge to deter future
1013:
Deighton, J. & Grayson, K. (1995). "Marketing and seduction: Building exchange relationships by managing social consensus".
130:, often sexual in nature, to coerce someone into a behavioural choice they would not have made if they were not in a state of
1286:
Schmitt, D. P. & Buss, D. M. (2001). "Human Mate
Poaching: Tactics and temptations for infiltrating existing mateships".
49:
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Paulhus, D. L. & Williams, K. M. (2002). "The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism and
Psychopathy".
55:
1970:
465:
1564:
Herold, E. & Mewhinney, D. (1993). "Gender
Differences in Casual Sex and AIDS Prevention: A Survey of Dating Bars".
986:
Abbey, A. (1982). "Sex differences in attributions for friendly behavior: Do males misperceive females' friendliness?".
1123:
McCormick, N. B. & Jesser, C. J. (1983). "The courtship game: Power in the sexual encounter. Changing boundaries".
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in the first stages of the biosocial model. Another non-verbal cue in the process of seduction are facial expressions.
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was the Greek god of seduction and wine. Famous male seducers, their names synonymous with sexual allure, range from
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1891:
699:. They often use attractive women from their gang in order to bribe, get money from, or damage the careers of male
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38:
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Buss, D. M. & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). "Sexual strategies theory: an evolutionary perspective on human mating".
1835:
317:
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Buss, D.M. & Schmitt, D.P. (1993). "Sexual
Strategies Theory: an evolutionary perspective on human mating".
1162:"Subjective attributes of attraction: How people characterize their liking, their love, and their being in love"
1963:
1633:
Greiling, H. & Buss, D. M. (2000). "Women's sexual strategies: The hidden dimension of extra-pair mating".
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is universal'. These phrases help to demonstrate the extensively pervasive and ubiquitous strategy use within
108:
324:, normally physical, as well as attraction towards them. Popular phrases often used include; 'the language of
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suggests that this form of sexual enticement can be used in order to cajole desired individuals to engage in
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which had unconscious and conscious manifestations, that in relation to evolutionary psychology has been
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1323:"Facial attractiveness, symmetry and cues of good genes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B"
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Individuals identify a potential partner based on desired characteristics such as physical attraction
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Research has indicated that seduction could substitute or equate to a form of collapsed or condensed
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161:. The emergence of the internet and technology has supported the availability and the existence of a
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1999:
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stems from Latin and means, literally, 'leading astray'. As a result, the term may have a negative
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Other traits of the individual that are not necessarily explicit are analysed to determine fitness
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Givens, D. B. (1978). "The nonverbal basis of attraction: Flirtation, courtship, and seduction".
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Human sperm competition. In R. L. Smith, Sperm competition and the evolution of mating systems
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Conference on
Evolution and the Social Sciences, London School of Economics, London, England
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Males and females both implement the strategy of seduction as a method of negotiating their
154:
1695:
Grammer, K. (1989). "Human courtship behavior: Biological basis and cognitive processing".
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Grammer, K (1989). "Human courtship behaviour: Biological basis and cognitive processing".
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2020:
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Human mate poaching is a form of seduction, and can be used as a short-term and long-term
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Mary Ann Mason: From Father's
Property to Children's Rights: A History of Child Custody
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2010:
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Tombs, S. & Silverman, I. (2004). "Pupillometry: A sexual selection approach".
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Parental investment and sexual selection. Sexual Selection & the Descent of Man
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and Williams (2002). The three traits are exploitative in nature and are used for
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to our ancestors in the past and has continued to be functional in modern society.
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209:. Eve herself was verbally seduced by the serpent, believed in Christianity to be
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545:, empathy and reciprocation, which are traits promoting a healthy relationship.
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Andersen, P. A. (1985). "Nonverbal immediacy in interpersonal communication".
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Perper, T. & Fox, V. S. (1980). "Flirtation and pickup pattern in bars".
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416:. The associated benefits also include increased sexual variety, access to
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a son who left home), since this deprived him of services or earnings.
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The relationship is either successful and progresses or discontinued
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Short-term strategies involved in seduction are associated with the
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213:; later, Chapter 7 of Proverbs warns of the pitfalls of seduction.
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Greiling, H. (1993). Women's short-term sexual strategies. In
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198:
142:". Some sides in contemporary academic debate state that the
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Scheib, J. E.; Gangestad, S. W. & Thornhill, R. (1999).
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In biblical times, because unmarried females who lost their
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lured sailors to their death by singing them to shipwreck;
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A Profane Wit: The Life of John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester
1712:
In Eastern Conference on Reproductive Behavior, New York
448:
The Dark Triad, proposed by Paulhus and Williams (2002)
1697:
The Sociobiology of Sexual and Reproductive Strategies
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The Sociobiology of Sexual and Reproductive Strategies
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features are those associated with the voice, such as
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The main goal of seduction whether it is active under
1125:
Changing Boundaries: Gender Roles and Sexual Behavior
2262:
2216:
1997:
1775:
The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating
912:. New York: State Univ of New York Pr. p. 69.
910:
Males, Females and Sexuality. Theories and Research
48:"Seduced" redirects here. For the documentary, see
1042:The Villain-Hero in Pamela and Pride and Prejudice
484:behaviours. The three traits are associated with
320:of other individuals. This is primarily based on
1232:. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. pp. 136–179.
888:Multichannel Integrations of Nonverbal Behavior
149:Famous seducers from history or legend include
1852:. Jonhs.com. 2007-02-01. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
1833:"Hollywood Behind Bars – Frank Sinatra Mugshot
1061:. University of Rochester Press. p. 398.
1971:
1684:. New York: Academic Press. pp. 601–659.
8:
1593:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1412:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1288:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1195:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
988:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
858:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1044:. College English. pp. 23(2), 104–108.
975:. Clarendon Press. Oxford University Press.
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1964:
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2295:Sexual and reproductive health and rights
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111:, and short-term behavioural strategies.
456:is made up of three personality traits,
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173:to increase compliance and willingness.
1777:(Rev. ed.). New York: Basic Books.
807:
169:" (PUA). Seduction is also used within
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1635:Personality and Individual Differences
1521:Personality and Individual Differences
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1089:"Judges 16 – English Standard Version"
488:, manipulative behaviours and lack of
420:mates, and non-committal copulations.
122:. Seen negatively, seduction involves
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362:or having relatives select mates for
256:had also lost much of their value as
27:Enticing a person to sexual behaviour
7:
1669:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1160:Lamm, H. & Wiesmann, U. (1997).
931:
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268:according to the dowry of virgins."
41:. For the painting by Magritte, see
2109:Friends with benefits relationships
614:two stages of the biosocial model.
1802:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.05.001
1429:Journal of Research in Personality
1179:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00145.x
675:Seduction is also associated with
560:Both individuals establish contact
243:John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester
95:. Strategies of seduction include
25:
1099:from the original on 18 July 2017
87:means enticing someone else into
1922:
1667:The evolution of human sexuality
725:
1471:European Journal of Personality
604:Physiological features such as
275:in the Old Testament describes
950:10.1080/00332747.1978.11023994
691:, and to a lesser extent, the
157:, and the fictional character
50:Seduced: Inside the NXIVM Cult
1:
1647:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00151-8
1441:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00505-6
298:
1790:Evolution and Human Behavior
1015:Journal of Consumer Research
711:, as well as members of the
474:sexually coercive behaviours
1752:10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.204
1566:The Journal of Sex Research
1260:10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.204
308:Use in sexual relationships
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1892:Princeton University Press
1820:September 1, 2006, at the
1543:10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.025
1300:10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.894
1000:10.1037/0022-3514.42.5.830
870:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.951
653:
190:William-Adolphe Bouguereau
47:
39:Seduction (disambiguation)
36:
29:
1578:10.1080/00224499309551676
500:many years subsequently.
316:. This can often involve
1935:Bibliography of Don Juan
1207:10.1177/0265407587044001
767:Freud's seduction theory
679:, particularly with the
596:Non-verbal communication
383:Seduction is related to
109:non-verbal communication
30:Not to be confused with
2229:Physical attractiveness
1948:Encyclopædia Britannica
1040:Harmsel, H. T. (1961).
973:Oxford Latin dictionary
829:10.1023/A:1025824505185
389:psychological mechanism
342:Evolutionary psychology
2270:Human female sexuality
2203:Split attraction model
2084:Committed relationship
1951:(11th ed.). 1911.
1384:10.1006/pmed.2001.0876
1339:10.1098/rspb.1999.0866
1166:Personal Relationships
1055:Johnson, J.W. (2004).
733:Human sexuality portal
681:Italian-American Mafia
667:In more modern times,
644:infant directed speech
449:
304:
193:
76:
2320:Sex-positive movement
2315:Sex-positive feminism
2300:Sex Addicts Anonymous
2173:Queer heterosexuality
1680:Smith, R. L. (1984).
971:Glare, P. G. (1982).
447:
418:physically attractive
349:with females' higher
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184:
93:other sexual activity
58:
2275:Human male sexuality
2166:Romantic orientation
1931:at Wikimedia Commons
1906:The art of seduction
1773:Buss, D. M. (2003).
1740:Psychological Review
1248:Psychological Review
772:Homosexual seduction
618:Paralingual features
494:reproductive success
468:and was proposed by
314:sexual relationships
105:paralingual features
37:For other uses, see
2052:Casual relationship
2000:Sexual relationship
1904:Greene, R. (2010).
1888:The Seducer's Diary
1873:. London: Penguin.
1843:– Women's seduction
1665:Symons, D. (1979).
1372:Preventive Medicine
1333:(1431): 1913–1917.
1327:Biological Sciences
1228:Robert, T. (1972).
405:human mate guarding
385:human mate poaching
379:Human mate poaching
351:parental investment
163:seduction community
140:sexual emancipation
2335:Stanley v. Georgia
2280:Right to sexuality
2249:Sexual frustration
2188:Sexual orientation
1848:2016-08-13 at the
908:Kelley. K (1986).
661:English common law
450:
346:sexual intercourse
305:
194:
89:sexual intercourse
77:
2343:
2342:
2325:Sexual revolution
2234:Sexual attraction
2183:Sexual abstinence
2072:Celibacy syndrome
1942:"Seduction"
1927:Media related to
1068:978-1-58046-170-2
823:(9–10): 465–475.
796:Sperm competition
709:government agents
518:extra-pair mating
16:(Redirected from
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2330:Sexual surrogate
2290:Sexual addiction
2089:Conventional sex
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1838:2012-09-04 at
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273:Book of Judges
265:Book of Exodus
225:beguiled both
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132:sexual arousal
101:sexual scripts
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2045:Pansexuality
2011:Aromanticism
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1572:(1): 36–42.
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1101:. Retrieved
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1072:. Retrieved
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752:Femme fatale
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568:relationship
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97:conversation
84:
78:
69:Don Giovanni
67:
2310:Sexual norm
2149:Promiscuity
2040:Bisexuality
1865:Casanova, G
1477:(1): 5–18.
747:Eros (love)
701:politicians
623:Paralingual
590:unconscious
579:self-esteem
566:A physical
486:impulsivity
482:promiscuous
458:psychopathy
412:', such as
302: 1460
231:Marc Antony
201:offers the
192:(1825–1905)
120:connotation
74:Max Slevogt
43:The Seducer
2285:Sexecology
2057:Casual sex
2016:Asexuality
1908:(Vol. 1).
1699:: 147–169.
1149:: 147–169.
1074:2023-06-18
938:Psychiatry
803:References
697:Jewish mob
689:Polish mob
531:infidelity
527:infidelity
510:casual sex
504:In females
462:narcissism
454:dark triad
439:dark triad
428:Short term
374:Strategies
368:aggression
247:James Bond
128:enticement
124:temptation
32:Subduction
2356:Seduction
2224:Hypergamy
2144:Polyamory
2099:Free love
2003:phenomena
1929:Seduction
1529:CiteSeerX
1479:CiteSeerX
1215:145339458
837:146523271
817:Sex Roles
693:Irish mob
586:conscious
537:Long term
338:courtship
279:seducing
254:virginity
223:Cleopatra
171:marketing
116:seduction
114:The word
85:seduction
81:sexuality
2350:Category
2263:See also
2208:Swinging
2178:Sex life
2134:Marriage
2104:Foreplay
2094:Flirting
2062:Celibacy
1991:sexology
1846:Archived
1836:Archived
1818:Archived
1613:21171789
1551:12310143
1501:12854051
1400:18948871
1392:11817903
1357:10535106
1308:11414373
1103:24 April
1097:Archived
781:Succubus
762:Foreplay
757:Flirting
742:Charisma
719:See also
433:In males
393:adaptive
360:courting
258:marriage
235:Dionysus
188:(1872),
159:Don Juan
144:morality
64:Mozart's
60:Don Juan
1886:(1997)
1867:(1894)
1760:8483982
1449:6535576
1348:1690211
1268:8483982
890:: 1–36.
777:Incubus
611:Smiling
490:empathy
470:Paulhus
295:'s hair
277:Delilah
177:History
18:Seduced
2154:Female
1898:
1877:
1758:
1611:
1549:
1531:
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1447:
1398:
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1355:
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1065:
958:715095
956:
916:
835:
635:rhythm
356:mating
322:desire
293:Samson
281:Samson
215:Sirens
151:Lilith
66:opera
1547:S2CID
1497:S2CID
1445:S2CID
1396:S2CID
1211:S2CID
833:S2CID
707:, or
627:pitch
410:genes
239:Genji
211:Satan
136:fears
2129:LGBT
1989:and
1896:ISBN
1875:ISBN
1756:PMID
1609:PMID
1414:link
1388:PMID
1353:PMID
1304:PMID
1264:PMID
1105:2018
1063:ISBN
954:PMID
914:ISBN
779:and
695:and
633:and
631:tone
480:and
464:and
452:The
330:love
326:love
271:The
245:and
229:and
207:Adam
126:and
99:and
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1798:doi
1748:doi
1744:100
1643:doi
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1574:doi
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1489:doi
1437:doi
1380:doi
1343:PMC
1335:doi
1331:266
1296:doi
1256:doi
1252:100
1203:doi
1174:doi
1023:doi
996:doi
946:doi
866:doi
825:doi
588:or
241:to
217:of
205:to
199:Eve
91:or
79:In
62:in
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