571:
858:
834:
41:
3555:
914:(SPF) rating based on the sunblock's ability to suppress sunburn: The higher the SPF rating, the lower the amount of direct DNA damage. The stated protection factors are correct only if 2 mg of sunscreen is applied per square cm of exposed skin translates into about 28 mL (1 oz) to cover the whole body of an adult male. The recommended dose is much more than many people use in practice. Sunscreens function as chemicals such as
3538:
3487:
898:. Sunlight is generally strongest when the Sun is close to the highest point in the sky. Due to time zones and daylight saving time, this is not necessarily at 12 pm, but often one to two hours later. Seeking shade using umbrellas and canopies can reduce UV exposure, but does not block all UV rays. The WHO recommends following the shadow rule: "Watch your shadow – Short shadow, seek shade!"
321:
3521:
217:
667:
1065:(Vitamin A) supplementation had a protective effect against sunburn. The effects of beta carotene were only evident in the long-term, with studies of supplementation for periods less than ten weeks in duration failing to show any effects. There is also evidence that common foods may have some protective ability against sunburn if taken for a period before exposure.
3504:
846:
930:(inorganic sunscreens) that mainly absorb UV radiation. Chemical and mineral sunscreens vary in the wavelengths of UV radiation blocked. Broad-spectrum sunscreens contain filters that protect against UVA radiation as well as UVB. Although UVA radiation does not primarily cause sunburn, it contributes to
1096:
The WHO recommends that artificial UV exposure, including tanning beds, should be avoided as no safe dose has been established. Special protective clothing (for example, welding helmets/shields) should be worn when exposed to any artificial source of occupational UV. Such sources can produce UVC, an
683:
The differential diagnosis of sunburn includes other skin pathology induced by UV radiation, including photoallergic reactions, phototoxic reactions to topical or systemic medications, and other dermatologic disorders that are aggravated by exposure to sunlight. Considerations for diagnosis include
624:
In recent decades, the incidence and severity of sunburn have increased worldwide, partly because of chemical damage to the atmosphere's ozone layer. Between the 1970s and the 2000s, average stratospheric ozone decreased by approximately 4%, contributing an approximate 4% increase to the average UV
748:
Photoallergic reactions: Uncommon immunological response to sunlight interacting with certain drugs and chemicals in the skin. When in an excited state by UVR, these drugs and chemicals form free radicals that react to form functional antigens and induce a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction. These
291:
After sun exposure, the skin may turn red in as little as 30 minutes, but sunburn usually takes 2 to 6 hours. Pain is usually strongest 6 to 48 hours after exposure. The burn continues to develop for 1 to 3 days, occasionally followed by peeling skin after 3 to 8 days. Some peeling and itching may
961:
Research has shown that the best sunscreen protection is achieved by application 15 to 30 minutes before exposure, followed by one reapplication 15 to 30 minutes after exposure begins. Further reapplication is necessary after activities such as swimming, sweating, and rubbing. Recommendations are
435:
determines the ease of sunburn. People with lighter skin tones and limited capacity to develop a tan after UV radiation exposure have a greater risk of sunburn. Fitzpatrick's Skin phototypes classification describes the normal variations of skin responses to UV radiation. Persons with type I skin
598:
between 23.5° and 66.5°, UV radiation varies substantially by latitude and season. The higher the latitude, the lower the intensity of the UV rays. Sun intensity in the northern hemisphere is greatest during May, June and July—and in the southern hemisphere, November, December and
January. On a
1078:
Infants 0–6 months: Children under 6mo generally have skin too sensitive for sunscreen and protective measures should focus on avoiding excessive UV exposure by using window mesh covers, wide-brim hats, loose clothing that covers the skin, and reducing UV exposure between the hours of 10am and
615:
The skin and eyes are most sensitive to damage by UV at 265–275 nm wavelength, which is in the lower UVC band that is rarely encountered except from artificial sources like welding arcs. Longer wavelengths of UV radiation cause most sunburn because those wavelengths are more prevalent in
1086:
Toddlers and
Preschool-aged children: Apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant SPF 30+ sunscreen to exposed areas, use wide-brim hats and sunglasses, avoid peak UV intensity hours of 10 am - 4 pm and seek shade. Sun-protective clothing with an SPF rating can also provide additional
607:. Height is measured parallel to the Earth's gravitational field and the projected shadow is measured on a flat, level surface. For objects wider than skulls or poles, the height and length are best measured relative to the same occluding edge. The most significant risk is at
868:
The most effective way to prevent sunburn is to reduce the amount of UV radiation reaching the skin. The World Health
Organization, American Academy of Dermatology, and Skin Cancer Foundation recommend the following measures to prevent excessive UV exposure and skin cancer:
565:
Proximity to the equator (latitude). Between the polar and tropical regions, the closer to the equator, the more direct sunlight passes through the atmosphere over a year. For example, the southern United States gets fifty percent more sunlight than the northern United
312:. Of greatest concern is that the melanoma risk increases dose-dependently proportional to the number of a person's lifetime cumulative episodes of sunburn. An estimated 1/3 of melanomas in the United States and Australia could be prevented with regular sunscreen use.
1659:
841:) is the product of the sunlight spectrum at the Earth's surface (radiation intensity) and the erythemal action spectrum (skin sensitivity). Long-wavelength UV is more prevalent, but each milliwatt at 295 nm produces almost 100 times more sunburn than at 315 nm.
1073:
Babies and children are particularly susceptible to UV damage which increases their risk of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers later in life. Children should not sunburn at any age, and protective measures can reduce their future risk of skin cancer.
1040:
The skin of the feet is often tender and protected, so sudden prolonged exposure to UV radiation can be particularly painful and damaging to the top of the foot. Protective measures include sunscreen, socks, or swimwear that covers the foot.
3603:
3588:
287:
Sunburn can occur in less than 15 minutes in response to sun exposure and in seconds when exposed to non-shielded welding arcs or other sources of intense ultraviolet light. Nevertheless, the inflicted harm is often not immediately obvious.
278:
Minor sunburns typically cause nothing more than slight redness and tenderness to the affected areas. In more serious cases, blistering can occur. Extreme sunburns can be painful to the point of debilitation and may require hospital care.
1082:
Infants 6–12 months: Sunscreen can safely be used on infants this age. It is recommended to apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant SPF 30+ sunscreen to exposed areas and avoid excessive UV exposure by using wide-brim hats and protective
640:, which naturally develop in some individuals as a protective mechanism against the sun, are viewed by most in the Western world as desirable. Tanning has led to an increased exposure to UV radiation from both the natural sun and
688:
Phototoxic reactions: Non-immunological response to sunlight interacting with certain drugs and chemicals in the skin which resembles an exaggerated sunburn. Common medications that may cause a phototoxic reaction include
611:
when shadows are at their minimum, and the Sun's radiation passes most directly through the atmosphere. Regardless of one's latitude (assuming no other variables), equal shadow lengths mean equal amounts of UV radiation.
1623:
1216:
to sunburned areas was supported by multiple studies. However, others have found aloe vera to have no effect. Note that aloe vera cannot protect people from new or further sunburn. Another home treatment is using a
962:
product dependent varying from 80 minutes in water to hours based on the indications and protection shown on the label. The
American Academy of Dermatology recommends the following criteria in selecting a sunscreen:
381:
Melanin readily absorbs UV wavelength light, acting as a photoprotectant. By preventing UV photons from disrupting chemical bonds, melanin inhibits both the direct alteration of DNA, as well as the generation of
2395:
113:
Avoiding further exposure to the sun. Cool, frequent baths or showers for pain relief. Anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen or aspirin can also help with pain. Drinking water to stay hydrated.
561:
Altitude. At a higher altitude, it is easier to become burnt, because there is less of the Earth's atmosphere to block the sunlight. UV exposure increases about 4% for every 1000 ft (305 m) gain in
497:, increase a person's susceptibility to sunburn and subsequent skin cancers. These conditions involve defects in DNA repair mechanisms which decrease the ability to repair DNA damaged by UV radiation.
1747:
3455:
769:, sulfonamides, and sulfonylureas. Unlike phototoxic reactions which resemble exaggerated sunburns, photoallergic reactions can cause intense itching and can lead to thickening of the skin.
1053:, including essential vitamins, are effective in protecting against sunburn and skin damage associated with ultraviolet radiation, in both human and animal studies. Supplementation with
1977:
266:). Also, heat is produced from capillaries close to the skin surface, therefore the affected area feels warm to touch. Sunburns may be classified as superficial or partial-thickness
2136:
2758:
3714:
2913:
Eberlein-König B, Placzek M, Przybilla B (January 1998). "Protective effect against sunburn of combined systemic ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and d-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E)".
2369:
1399:
Dusza, Stephen W.; Halpern, Allan C.; Satagopan, Jaya M.; Oliveria, Susan A.; Weinstock, Martin A.; Scope, Alon; Berwick, Marianne; Geller, Alan C. (February 2012).
1869:
825:
and the prodromic stage of acute radiation syndrome like nausea, vomiting, fever, weakness/fatigue, dizziness or seizure can add to further diagnostic confusion.
3993:
1553:
3327:
Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Niruntraporn S, Kongkaew C (September 2007). "The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review".
2391:
2082:
227:
Typically, there is initial redness, followed by varying degrees of pain, the severity of which correlates with the duration and intensity of sun exposure.
1061:
was shown in one study to reduce the amount of sunburn after a controlled amount of UV exposure. A review of scientific literature through 2007 found that
4055:
2488:
1898:
552:
Cloud cover. Clouds partially block UV, but even on an overcast day, a significant percentage of the sun's damaging UV radiation can pass through clouds.
2458:
3707:
3266:
3157:
1464:
779:
Polymorphic light eruption: Recurrent abnormal reactions to UVR present in various ways, including pink-to-red bumps, blisters, plaques and urticaria.
1741:
2059:
Clear skies allow virtually 100% of UV to pass through, scattered clouds transmit 89%, broken clouds transmit 73%, and overcast skies transmit 31%.
785:
Other skin diseases exacerbated by sunlight: Several dermatologic conditions can increase in severity with exposure to UVR. These include systemic
1920:
Kraemer KH, DiGiovanna JJ (1993). "Xeroderma
Pigmentosum". In Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A (eds.).
1225:. Furthermore, sunburn draws fluid to the skin's surface and away from the rest of the body. Drinking extra water is recommended to help prevent
4267:
3119:
2273:
3475:
1969:
3299:
3223:
2315:
1836:
1170:
3700:
3179:
3097:
578:
Because of variations in the intensity of UV radiation passing through the atmosphere, the risk of sunburn increases with proximity to the
555:
Proximity to reflective surfaces, such as water, sand, concrete, snow, and ice. All of these reflect the sun's rays and can cause sunburns.
208:. Special populations, including children, are especially susceptible to sunburn and protective measures should be used to prevent damage.
2780:
Glazer-Hockstein C, Dunaief JL (January 2006). "Could blue light-blocking lenses decrease the risk of age-related macular degeneration?".
2129:
1212:
A home treatment that may help the discomfort is using cool and wet cloths on the sunburned areas. Applying soothing lotions that contain
3305:
3229:
1313:
1097:
extremely carcinogenic wavelength of UV, which ordinarily is not present in normal sunlight, having been filtered out by the atmosphere.
3955:
2750:
1287:
1106:
599:
minute-by-minute basis, the amount of UV radiation depends on the Sun's angle. Ultraviolet radiation is easily determined by the height
425:) activation from 109 °F (43 °C) to 85 °F (29 °C). The pain may be caused by the overproduction of a protein called
2997:
Stahl W, Sies H (September 2007). "Carotenoids and flavonoids contribute to nutritional protection against skin damage from sunlight".
363:
3986:
1956:
1681:
Premi, Sanjay; Han, Lynn; Mehta, Sameet; Knight, James; Zhao, Dejian; Palmatier, Meg A.; Kornacker, Karl; Brash, Douglas E. (2019).
684:
duration and intensity of UV exposure, topical or systemic medication use, history of dermatologic disease, and nutritional status.
490:
Age also affects how skin reacts to the sun. Children younger than six and adults older than sixty are more sensitive to sunlight.
374:. The damage is recognized by the body, which then triggers several defense mechanisms, including DNA repair to revert the damage,
1049:
Dietary factors influence susceptibility to sunburn, recovery from sunburn, and risk of secondary complications. Several dietary
972:
Water resistant: sunscreens are classified as water resistant based on time, either 40 minutes, 80 minutes, or not water resistant
3823:
2365:
2343:
2251:
436:
have the greatest capacity to sunburn, and type VI have the least capacity to burn. However, all skin types can develop sunburn.
2010:
3262:
1202:
1113:
658:
have recommended avoiding artificial UV sources such as tanning beds. Suntans are not recommended as a form of sun protection.
1209:
cream (a local anesthetic) is often used as a sunburn treatment, there is little evidence for the effectiveness of such use.
772:
Phytophotodermatitis: UV radiation induces skin inflammation after contact with certain plants (including limes, celery, and
1769:
Dawes JM, Calvo M, Perkins JR, Paterson KJ, Kiesewetter H, Hobbs C, Kaan TK, Orengo C, Bennett DL, McMahon SB (July 2011).
570:
3945:
4007:
3979:
3764:
2510:
Faurschou A, Wulf HC (April 2007). "The relation between sun protection factor and amount of suncreen applied in vivo".
1935:
1134:
629:
and the seasonal "ozone hole" have led to much larger changes in some locations, especially in the southern hemisphere.
3364:"Aloin Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Activation of NF-κB"
1861:
1028:(cheilitis) by sun exposure. Sunscreen on the lips does not have a pleasant taste and might be removed by saliva. Some
3833:
3828:
3759:
2428:
2046:
2672:
Norval M, Wulf HC (October 2009). "Does chronic sunscreen use reduce vitamin D production to insufficient levels?".
3855:
2221:
1550:
782:
Solar urticaria: A rare allergic reaction to the sun that occurs within minutes of exposure and fades within hours.
3960:
3902:
3460:
2071:
2006:
1306:
1280:
879:
Wearing sun-protective clothing, including a wide-brim hat, sunglasses, and tightly woven, loose-fitting clothing
378:
and peeling to remove irreparably damaged skin cells, and increased melanin production to prevent future damage.
545:
The time of day. In most locations, the sun's rays are strongest between approximately 10 am and 4 pm
4167:
3971:
3769:
3618:
3561:
817:
or other radiation-induced illnesses, especially in sunny conditions. For instance, the difference between the
814:
20:
2480:
1894:
2450:
993:
that block UV light reduce harmful radiation. UV light has been implicated in the development of age-related
4229:
3939:
3907:
1159:
998:
942:
309:
201:
103:
65:
3258:
3149:
2629:
Kütting B, Drexler H (December 2010). "UV-induced skin cancer at workplace and evidence-based prevention".
1456:
558:
The season of the year. The Sun's position in late spring and early summer can cause a more-severe sunburn.
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3796:
1561:
655:
3932:
2107:
911:
645:
494:
439:
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3927:
3749:
3127:
2281:
1694:
994:
950:
946:
574:
Erythemal dose rate at three
Northern latitudes. (Divide by 25 to obtain the UV Index.) Source: NOAA.
546:
305:
3527:
1166:) with loose clothing when going outside to prevent further damage while not irritating the sunburn.
648:(SPF) of 3, meaning that tanned skin would tolerate up to three times the UV exposure as pale skin.
421:. These chemical compounds increase sensitivity to heat by reducing the threshold of heat receptor (
402:
than the average site These sensitive sites often occur at biologically significant locations near
4096:
4086:
3781:
3607:
2166:"Indoor tanning-related injuries treated in a national sample of US hospital emergency departments"
786:
383:
1109:. The best treatment for most sunburns is time; most sunburns heal completely within a few weeks.
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3022:
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263:
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1927:
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1643:
1604:
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1507:
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1310:
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Skin peeling on the upper arm as a result of sunburn – the destruction of lower layers of the
794:
754:
432:
371:
367:
343:
178:
87:
53:
40:
3510:
1284:
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3336:
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3006:
2961:
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2828:
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2601:
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2519:
2185:
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1790:
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1702:
1635:
1594:
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1515:
1499:
1428:
1412:
1363:
857:
399:
300:
Ultraviolet radiation causes sunburns and increases the risk of three types of skin cancer:
166:, swelling, itching, and nausea. Excessive UV radiation is the leading cause of (primarily)
1320:
IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 55, November 1997
833:
821:
caused by sunburn and other radiation burns is not immediately obvious. Symptoms common to
582:, located between 23.5° north and south latitude. All else being equal (e.g., cloud cover,
4225:
4131:
3850:
3774:
3754:
3724:
3450:
1557:
1317:
1291:
1194:
790:
776:). Causes pain, redness, and blistering of the skin in the distribution of plant exposure.
698:
626:
541:
indicates the risk of sunburn at a given time and location. Contributing factors include:
522:
1575:"Sunburns and risk of cutaneous melanoma: does age matter? A comprehensive meta-analysis"
1573:
Dennis LK, Vanbeek MJ, Beane
Freeman LE, Smith BJ, Dawson DV, Coughlin JA (August 2008).
873:
Limiting sun exposure between the hours of 10 am and 4 pm, when UV rays are the strongest
1698:
4257:
4157:
3786:
3612:
3390:
3363:
3066:
3041:
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2841:
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2165:
1795:
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1400:
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982:
927:
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702:
518:
506:
182:
123:
2926:
2339:
2243:
1999:
981:
The eyes are also sensitive to sun exposure at about the same UV wavelengths as skin;
4251:
4187:
3445:
2966:
2949:
2793:
2685:
2606:
2589:
2523:
1385:
1062:
810:
526:
514:
398:, and such sites can be up to 170-fold more sensitive to UV induction of cyclobutane
355:
267:
127:
3026:
2983:
2899:
2701:
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2539:
2181:
1655:
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4195:
4172:
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A UVB-induced tan provides minimal sun protection, equivalent to an SPF of about 3.
1624:"How many melanomas might be prevented if more people applied sunscreen regularly?"
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1503:
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1124:
1050:
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919:
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762:
734:
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641:
591:
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335:(left). One of the possible reactions from the excited state is the formation of a
243:
174:
163:
3362:
Luo, X.; Zhang, H.; Wei, X.; Shi, M.; Fan, P.; Xie, W.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, N. (2018).
2553:
Kanavy HE, Gerstenblith MR (December 2011). "Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma".
1488:"Estimated Cost of Sunburn-Associated Visits to US Hospital Emergency Departments"
3623:
3120:"WHO | Artificial tanning devices: public health interventions to manage sunbeds"
2306:
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J (8 April 2015).
2274:"WHO | Artificial tanning devices: public health interventions to manage sunbeds"
1786:
4233:
4177:
4020:
3891:
3732:
3664:
3413:
Feily A, Namazi MR (February 2009). "Aloe vera in dermatology: a brief review".
3340:
1862:"PHOTOSENSITIVITY, PHOTO-INDUCED DISORDERS, AND DISORDERS BY IONIZING RADIATION"
1622:
Olsen CM, Wilson LF, Green AC, Biswas N, Loyalka J, Whiteman DC (January 2018).
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58:
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1921:
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510:
483:
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418:
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1338:
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1163:
1138:
1128:
1058:
1054:
850:
718:
666:
595:
375:
197:
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155:
99:
83:
3426:
3399:
3348:
3075:
3040:
Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012).
3018:
2975:
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2801:
2736:
2693:
2650:
2615:
2574:
2531:
2199:
1931:
1804:
1726:
1647:
1608:
1529:
1442:
1416:
1401:"Prospective Study of Sunburn and Sun Behavior Patterns During Adolescence"
1377:
594:
receives approximately the same amount of UV radiation over a year. In the
3493:
2934:
2038:
864:
of the forearm (visible darkening of the skin) after extended sun exposure
4091:
4060:
3865:
3805:
1243:
1198:
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1152:
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1006:
1002:
938:
895:
838:
818:
738:
722:
538:
301:
239:
170:
143:
2366:"Sunburn – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center"
2213:
654:
The World Health
Organization, American Academy of Dermatology, and the
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1182:
1142:
990:
798:
587:
579:
359:
336:
231:
220:
159:
151:
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1639:
1368:
1351:
3592:
3464:
1013:
671:
604:
391:
328:
259:
251:
845:
1276:
1274:
3645:
2715:
Diffey BL (December 2001). "When should sunscreen be reapplied?".
2135:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2014. p. 20.
856:
844:
832:
600:
569:
486:, very unlikely to burn, becomes darker with UV radiation exposure
426:
422:
354:
from the Sun but may also result from artificial sources, such as
319:
255:
235:
1302:
1300:
173:, which in extreme cases can be life-threatening. Sunburn is an
3869:
2026:
Up to 80% of solar UV radiation can penetrate light cloud cover.
403:
247:
147:
131:
3975:
3696:
2631:
International
Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
1486:
Guy, Gery P.; Berkowitz, Zahava; Watson, Meg (1 January 2017).
386:, to prevent them from indirectly damaging DNA. However, human
2042:
1866:
Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology
1829:
Fitzpatrick's color atlas and synopsis of clinical dermatology
1222:
945:. There is little evidence that it is effective in preventing
332:
325:
186:
139:
3469:
2751:"How to select a sunscreen | American Academy of Dermatology"
2244:"Dangers of indoor tanning | American Academy of Dermatology"
2130:"The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer"
1193:, however, are contraindicated. Schwellnus et al. state that
894:
The strength of sunlight is published in many locations as a
2950:"Protection from sunburn with beta-Carotene—a meta-analysis"
1016:
can also become sunburned and can be especially irritating.
2164:
Guy GP, Watson M, Haileyesus T, Annest JL (February 2015).
937:
Sunscreen is effective and thus recommended for preventing
4056:
Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (Uvinul A Plus)
465:
Type III: White skin, may burn, but eventually tans easily
2864:
Neale RE, Purdie JL, Hirst LW, Green AC (November 2003).
906:
Commercial preparations that block UV light are known as
370:
from UVB light. This damage is mainly the formation of a
204:
are widely accepted to prevent sunburn and some types of
3150:"How to treat sunburn | American Academy of Dermatology"
1457:"How to treat sunburn | American Academy of Dermatology"
3042:"Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging"
2481:"Prevent skin cancer | American Academy of Dermatology"
1683:"Genomic sites hypersensitive to ultraviolet radiation"
1120:
For pain relief, take cool baths or showers frequently.
1116:
recommends the following for the treatment of sunburn:
1005:. Concentrated clusters of melanin, commonly known as
651:
Sunburns associated with indoor tanning can be severe.
509:
products that sensitize users to UV radiation. Certain
462:
Type II: White skin, burns easily, tans with difficulty
1205:
says they can be used on especially sore areas. While
1032:(ChapSticks) have SPF ratings and contain sunscreens.
966:
Broad spectrum: protects against both UVA and UVB rays
949:. Typical use of sunscreen does not usually result in
142:. Common symptoms in humans and other animals include
2594:
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine
1105:
The primary measure of treatment is avoiding further
3570:
2866:"Sun exposure as a risk factor for nuclear cataract"
2590:"Current sunscreen controversies: a critical review"
2072:"Twenty Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer"
4145:
4074:
4038:
3920:
3864:
3804:
3795:
3731:
3655:
3574:
1926:. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle.
109:
94:
76:
64:
52:
33:
3294:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 215.
1959:. Fact-Sheets.com. 2004. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
2415:
2413:
1155:on a sunburn; let them heal on their own instead.
922:(organic sunscreens) or opaque materials such as
324:The cause of sunburn is the direct damage that a
270:. Blistering is a sign of second-degree sunburn.
82:Working outdoors, skin unprotected by clothes or
3415:Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia
885:Avoiding tanning beds and artificial UV exposure
1831:(7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
1687:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4127:Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (Ensulizole)
3182:. Healthwise. 15 November 2013. Archived from
2915:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2717:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2079:Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010
1976:. United States Food and Drug Administration.
1309:, International Agency for Research on Cancer
1283:, International Agency for Research on Cancer
3987:
3708:
1771:"CXCL5 mediates UVB irradiation-induced pain"
809:, it can initially hide a severe exposure to
8:
3218:. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 337.
590:, etc.), each location within the tropic or
2081:. World Meteorological Organization. 2011.
1868:(8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
876:Seeking shade when UV rays are most intense
3994:
3980:
3972:
3801:
3715:
3701:
3693:
3571:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
2555:Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
2340:"What Are the Types and Degrees of Burns?"
2308:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
2000:"Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide"
1974:Health Center for Devices and Radiological
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1743:Touch: The Science of Hand, Heart and Mind
1201:) do not help with sunburns, although the
813:. Excess radiation exposure may result in
39:
30:
16:Burning of the skin by the sun's radiation
3389:
3379:
3215:The Olympic textbook of medicine in sport
3065:
2965:
2881:
2840:
2605:
2189:
1889:
1887:
1794:
1716:
1706:
1598:
1519:
1432:
1367:
805:Additionally, since sunburn is a type of
493:Certain genetic conditions, for example,
193:is triggered and the tissue is replaced.
4107:4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (Enzacamene)
4051:Bisdisulizole disodium (Neo Heliopan AP)
3454:) is being considered for deletion. See
2451:"Prevention Guidelines - SkinCancer.org"
2310:(19th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
665:
505:The risk of sunburn can be increased by
413:process that includes the production of
215:
3482:
1827:Wolff K, Johnson R, Saavedra A (2013).
1270:
134:, that results from an overexposure to
4196:Bisoctrizole (Tinosorb M / Eversorb M)
4030:Chemical agents unless otherwise noted
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
1970:"Tanning – Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation"
1901:from the original on 30 September 2017
985:is sunburn of the cornea. Wrap-around
4168:Drometrizole trisiloxane (Mexoryl XL)
2392:"Acute Radiation Syndrome | CDC"
2301:
2299:
2142:from the original on 26 November 2014
2049:from the original on 16 February 2015
2016:from the original on 27 November 2014
1551:"Facts About Sunburn and Skin Cancer"
1185:may decrease redness and pain. Local
1171:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
7:
3308:from the original on 14 January 2023
3232:from the original on 14 January 2023
2821:The British Journal of Ophthalmology
1750:from the original on 15 October 2021
1356:International Journal of Dermatology
1350:Maslin, Douglas L. (November 2014).
1328:
1326:
1148:Keep hydrated and drink extra water.
479:, usually does not burn, tans easily
177:response in the tissue triggered by
4112:Octyl methoxycinnamate (Octinoxate)
3956:Photosensitivity with HIV infection
3291:Manual of Dermatologic Therapeutics
1285:"Do sunscreens prevent skin cancer"
1009:, are often found within the iris.
989:or the use by spectacle-wearers of
853:causes rapid loss of the top layers
837:Sunburn effect (as measured by the
189:is overly damaged by UV radiation,
4097:Ethylhexyl triazone (Uvinul T 150)
3269:from the original on 20 March 2018
3160:from the original on 20 March 2018
3100:from the original on 29 March 2018
2883:10.1097/01.ede.0000086881.84657.98
2761:from the original on 29 March 2018
2674:The British Journal of Dermatology
2588:Burnett ME, Wang SQ (April 2011).
2512:The British Journal of Dermatology
2461:from the original on 29 March 2018
2431:from the original on 22 March 2018
2254:from the original on 30 March 2018
2224:from the original on 30 March 2018
1957:"Avoiding Sun-Related Skin Damage"
1938:from the original on 17 April 2021
1872:from the original on 21 March 2018
1662:from the original on 7 August 2020
1628:The British Journal of Dermatology
1467:from the original on 20 March 2018
1294:Press release No. 132, 5 June 2000
625:intensity at the Earth's surface.
364:ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
14:
3458:to help reach a consensus. ›
2088:from the original on 1 April 2014
1311:"Solar and ultraviolet radiation"
603:of any object to the size of its
138:(UV) radiation, usually from the
3824:Hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis
3553:
3536:
3519:
3502:
3485:
2967:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00253.x
2794:10.1097/00006982-200601000-00001
2686:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09332.x
2607:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00557.x
2524:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07684.x
2491:from the original on 14 May 2018
2398:from the original on 8 June 2019
2372:from the original on 8 June 2019
2346:from the original on 7 June 2019
1980:from the original on 23 May 2017
1897:. Healthwise. 15 November 2013.
934:and increases skin cancer risk.
429:, which activates nerve fibers.
3263:American Academy of Dermatology
2954:Photochemistry and Photobiology
2182:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.6697
1591:10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.04.006
1203:American Academy of Dermatology
1114:American Academy of Dermatology
644:. Suntans can provide a modest
366:. It is the body's reaction to
3723:Radiation-related disorders /
3368:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
1775:Science Translational Medicine
1504:10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.4231
1:
4268:Hazards of outdoor recreation
4117:Octyl salicylate (Octisalate)
2948:Köpcke W, Krutmann J (2008).
2927:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70537-7
2214:"Prevention - SkinCancer.org"
1158:Protect sunburned skin (see:
1135:Anti-inflammatory medications
394:that are highly sensitive to
196:Sun protective measures like
4132:Polysilicone-15 (Parsol SLX)
3765:Benign summer light eruption
2039:"How UV Index Is Calculated"
1787:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002193
292:continue for several weeks.
146:that is hot to the touch or
4193:Hybrid (chemical/physical):
3834:Pigmented actinic keratosis
3829:Lichenoid actinic keratosis
3760:Polymorphous light eruption
3341:10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.384
3090:"Children - SkinCancer.org"
2110:. Healthwise. 27 March 2005
953:, but extensive usage may.
472:, hardly burns, tans easily
230:Other symptoms can include
4284:
4223:
4173:Iscotrizinol (Uvasorb HEB)
4087:4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
3856:Chronic actinic dermatitis
3819:Atrophic actinic keratosis
3180:"Sunburn – Home Treatment"
2567:10.1016/j.sder.2011.08.003
1895:"Sunburn – Topic Overview"
1352:"Do suncreens protect us?"
910:or sunblocks. They have a
670:A sunburned leg below the
181:by UV radiation. When the
18:
4221:
4183:Oxybenzone (Eusolex 4360)
4153:Bemotrizinol (Tinosorb S)
4016:
3961:Phototoxic tar dermatitis
3903:Cutis rhomboidalis nuchae
3381:10.3390/molecules23030517
3288:Arndt KA, Hsu JT (2007).
3011:10.1007/s12033-007-0051-z
2643:10.1007/s00420-010-0532-4
2425:World Health Organization
2007:World Health Organization
1307:World Health Organization
1281:World Health Organization
456:, burns easily, does not
158:. Other symptoms include
47:
38:
4122:Padimate O (Escalol 507)
4046:Avobenzone (Parsol 1789)
3946:Favre–Racouchot syndrome
3770:Juvenile spring eruption
3456:templates for discussion
2815:Solomon AS (June 2006).
1290:26 November 2006 at the
815:acute radiation syndrome
21:Sunburn (disambiguation)
4230:Sun protective clothing
3940:Chronic radiodermatitis
3908:Poikiloderma of Civatte
2999:Molecular Biotechnology
2833:10.1136/bjo.2006.091413
2729:10.1067/mjd.2001.117385
1708:10.1073/pnas.1907860116
1160:Sun protective clothing
1026:lips can become chapped
1012:The tender skin of the
943:squamous cell carcinoma
616:ground-level sunlight.
310:squamous-cell carcinoma
223:on a sunburned shoulder
202:sun protective clothing
104:sun protective clothing
3259:"How to treat sunburn"
3212:Schwellnus MP (2008).
2170:JAMA Internal Medicine
1860:Wolff, K, ed. (2017).
1579:Annals of Epidemiology
1562:Skin Cancer Foundation
1417:10.1542/peds.2011-0104
1092:Artificial UV exposure
865:
854:
842:
679:Differential diagnosis
675:
656:Skin Cancer Foundation
575:
470:Light brown/olive skin
347:
224:
4061:Ecamsule (Mexoryl SX)
3474:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
3096:. 13 September 2016.
3046:Dermato-Endocrinology
912:sun protection factor
860:
848:
836:
669:
646:sun protection factor
573:
495:xeroderma pigmentosum
350:Sunburn is caused by
323:
219:
4137:Trolamine salicylate
4066:Menthyl anthranilate
3928:Radiation dermatitis
3750:Phytophotodermatitis
1316:29 July 2013 at the
1199:hydrocortisone cream
995:macular degeneration
951:vitamin D deficiency
947:basal cell carcinoma
547:daylight saving time
306:basal-cell carcinoma
19:For other uses, see
4003:Sunscreening agents
3782:Hydroa vacciniforme
2394:. 23 October 2020.
1699:2019PNAS..11624196P
1693:(48): 24196–24205.
1556:2 June 2013 at the
1145:can help with pain.
1107:exposure to the sun
1069:Protecting children
787:lupus erythematosus
390:contain over 2,000
144:red or reddish skin
4158:Benzophenones 1–12
3656:External resources
3058:10.4161/derm.22876
1740:Linden DJ (2015).
866:
855:
843:
676:
576:
529:have this effect.
409:Sunburn causes an
348:
225:
212:Signs and symptoms
4245:
4244:
4010:or other agencies
3969:
3968:
3916:
3915:
3846:Actinic granuloma
3841:Actinic cheilitis
3814:Actinic keratosis
3690:
3689:
3301:978-0-7817-6058-4
3225:978-1-4443-0064-2
2317:978-0-07-180215-4
1838:978-0-07-179302-5
1640:10.1111/bjd.16079
1369:10.1111/ijd.12606
1362:(11): 1319–1323.
1173:(NSAIDs; such as
795:atopic dermatitis
755:aminobenzoic acid
442:skin phototypes:
400:pyrimidine dimers
368:direct DNA damage
191:type I cell-death
179:direct DNA damage
117:
116:
28:Medical condition
4275:
4206:Titanium dioxide
4011:
4006:approved by the
3996:
3989:
3982:
3973:
3897:Peat fire cancer
3878:Erythema ab igne
3802:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3694:
3572:
3566:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3549:
3548:from Wikiversity
3541:
3540:
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3191:
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3170:
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3140:
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3135:
3126:. Archived from
3116:
3110:
3109:
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3086:
3080:
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2421:"Sun protection"
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2355:
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2280:. Archived from
2270:
2264:
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2240:
2234:
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2231:
2229:
2210:
2204:
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1570:
1564:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1523:
1492:JAMA Dermatology
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1371:
1347:
1341:
1330:
1321:
1304:
1295:
1278:
1195:topical steroids
969:SPF 30 or higher
749:drugs include 6-
699:fluoroquinolones
580:tropic latitudes
523:acne medications
262:, and fainting (
43:
31:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4226:Photoprotection
4217:
4146:UVA+UVB filters
4141:
4070:
4034:
4026:UVB: 315–290 nm
4012:
4005:
4000:
3970:
3965:
3912:
3860:
3851:Actinic prurigo
3791:
3775:Acne aestivalis
3755:Solar urticaria
3727:
3725:Photodermatoses
3721:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3651:
3650:
3583:
3569:
3565:from Wikivoyage
3559:
3554:
3552:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3525:
3520:
3518:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3497:from Wiktionary
3491:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3477:sister projects
3476:
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3199:
3189:
3187:
3186:on 12 July 2012
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3131:
3130:on 29 June 2017
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2284:on 29 June 2017
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1558:Wayback Machine
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957:Recommendations
904:
892:
882:Using sunscreen
831:
791:dermatomyositis
681:
664:
635:
627:Ozone depletion
622:
620:Ozone depletion
596:temperate zones
535:
519:antidepressants
503:
318:
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214:
48:A sunburnt neck
29:
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3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3810:
3808:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3787:Solar erythema
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3720:
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3660:
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3652:
3649:
3648:
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3626:
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3600:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:Classification
3568:
3567:
3550:
3533:
3531:from Wikibooks
3516:
3499:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3443:
3439:
3438:External links
3436:
3433:
3432:
3405:
3354:
3319:
3300:
3280:
3243:
3224:
3197:
3171:
3141:
3111:
3094:skincancer.org
3081:
3052:(3): 298–307.
3032:
2989:
2940:
2905:
2856:
2807:
2772:
2742:
2707:
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2545:
2502:
2472:
2455:skincancer.org
2442:
2409:
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2357:
2331:
2316:
2295:
2265:
2235:
2218:skincancer.org
2205:
2156:
2121:
2099:
2063:
2030:
1991:
1961:
1949:
1912:
1883:
1852:
1837:
1810:
1781:(90): 90ra60.
1761:
1732:
1673:
1634:(1): 140–147.
1614:
1565:
1543:
1478:
1448:
1411:(2): 309–317.
1391:
1342:
1322:
1296:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1254:Snow blindness
1251:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1221:that contains
1168:
1167:
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1146:
1132:
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1088:
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1037:
1034:
1021:
1018:
983:snow blindness
978:
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974:
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970:
967:
958:
955:
928:titanium oxide
903:
900:
891:
888:
887:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
830:
827:
807:radiation burn
803:
802:
783:
780:
777:
770:
759:chlorpromazine
751:methylcoumarin
746:
715:phenothiazines
711:nalidixic acid
703:5-fluorouracil
680:
677:
663:
660:
634:
631:
621:
618:
568:
567:
563:
559:
556:
553:
550:
534:
531:
527:tranquillizers
515:contraceptives
507:pharmaceutical
502:
499:
488:
487:
480:
473:
466:
463:
460:
450:
331:can induce in
317:
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124:radiation burn
115:
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4188:Sulisobenzone
4186:
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4176:
4174:
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4047:
4044:
4043:
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4031:
4028:
4025:
4023:A: 400–315 nm
4022:
4019:
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3992:
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3985:
3983:
3978:
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3959:
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3562:Travel guides
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2879:
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2167:
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2100:
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2073:
2067:
2064:
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2040:
2034:
2031:
2027:
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2008:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1979:
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1965:
1962:
1958:
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1933:
1929:
1925:
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1127:that contain
1126:
1123:Use soothing
1122:
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1100:
1098:
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1081:
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1063:beta carotene
1060:
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811:radioactivity
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732:
731:sulfonylureas
728:
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700:
696:
692:
687:
686:
685:
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659:
657:
652:
649:
647:
643:
642:tanning lamps
639:
632:
630:
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606:
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597:
593:
592:polar regions
589:
585:
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551:
548:
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500:
498:
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491:
485:
481:
478:
474:
471:
467:
464:
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455:
452:Type I: Pale
451:
449:
445:
444:
443:
441:
440:Fitzpatrick's
437:
434:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:genomic sites
389:
385:
384:free radicals
379:
377:
373:
372:thymine dimer
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:tanning lamps
353:
345:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:
322:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
295:
293:
289:
282:
280:
273:
271:
269:
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261:
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253:
249:
245:
241:
238:), itching (
237:
233:
228:
222:
218:
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
168:non-malignant
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:living tissue
126:that affects
125:
122:is a form of
121:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
72:
69:
67:
66:Complications
63:
60:
57:
55:
51:
46:
42:
37:
32:
26:
22:
4237:
4200:
4192:
4163:Dioxybenzone
4029:
3887:Kairo cancer
3882:Kangri ulcer
3806:Actinic rays
3797:Non-ionizing
3744:
3674:
3663:
3639:
3628:
3617:
3602:
3587:
3560:
3543:
3526:
3514:from Commons
3509:
3492:
3471:
3449:
3421:(1): 85–91.
3418:
3414:
3408:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3335:(6): 713–8.
3332:
3328:
3322:
3312:20 September
3310:. Retrieved
3290:
3283:
3271:. Retrieved
3236:20 September
3234:. Retrieved
3214:
3188:. Retrieved
3184:the original
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3153:
3144:
3132:. Retrieved
3128:the original
3123:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3093:
3084:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3005:(1): 26–30.
3002:
2998:
2992:
2960:(2): 284–8.
2957:
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2908:
2873:
2870:Epidemiology
2869:
2859:
2827:(6): 665–6.
2824:
2820:
2810:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2763:. Retrieved
2754:
2745:
2723:(6): 882–5.
2720:
2716:
2710:
2680:(4): 732–6.
2677:
2673:
2667:
2634:
2630:
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2597:
2593:
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2558:
2554:
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2515:
2511:
2505:
2493:. Retrieved
2484:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2454:
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2424:
2400:. Retrieved
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2360:
2348:. Retrieved
2334:
2307:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:the original
2277:
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2247:
2238:
2226:. Retrieved
2217:
2208:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2151:
2144:. Retrieved
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2078:
2066:
2058:
2051:. Retrieved
2033:
2025:
2018:. Retrieved
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1973:
1964:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1923:GeneReviews®
1922:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1874:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1828:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1742:
1735:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1631:
1627:
1617:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1546:
1498:(1): 90–92.
1495:
1491:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1332:
1259:Chapped lips
1211:
1169:
1125:moisturizers
1111:
1104:
1095:
1072:
1051:antioxidants
1048:
1039:
1023:
1011:
980:
960:
936:
920:dioxybenzone
905:
893:
890:UV intensity
867:
823:heat illness
804:
774:meadow grass
763:promethazine
757:and esters,
727:sulfonamides
682:
653:
650:
636:
623:
614:
577:
536:
533:UV intensity
504:
492:
489:
438:
431:
411:inflammation
408:
380:
352:UV radiation
349:
299:
290:
286:
277:
244:peeling skin
234:, swelling (
229:
226:
195:
175:inflammatory
164:peeling skin
119:
118:
78:Risk factors
25:
4263:Sun tanning
4234:Sun tanning
4178:Octocrylene
4075:UVB filters
4039:UVA filters
3892:Kang cancer
3733:Ultraviolet
3665:MedlinePlus
3494:Definitions
3444:‹ The
3190:29 November
3154:www.aad.org
2921:(1): 45–8.
2817:"Pterygium"
2755:www.aad.org
2485:www.aad.org
2248:www.aad.org
1905:29 November
1666:13 December
1461:www.aad.org
1249:Skin cancer
1239:Sun tanning
1227:dehydration
1219:moisturizer
1187:anesthetics
1151:Do not pop
1087:protection.
743:vinblastine
695:dacarbazine
584:ozone layer
511:antibiotics
501:Medications
415:prostanoids
388:melanocytes
341:cyclobutane
296:Skin cancer
206:skin cancer
171:skin tumors
154:, and mild
136:ultraviolet
71:Skin cancer
59:Dermatology
4252:Categories
4224:See also:
4211:Zinc oxide
4102:Homosalate
3951:Photoaging
3676:Patient UK
3630:DiseasesDB
3374:(3): 517.
2788:(1): 1–4.
1746:. Viking.
1405:Pediatrics
1265:References
1191:benzocaine
987:sunglasses
932:skin aging
924:zinc oxide
916:oxybenzone
908:sunscreens
829:Prevention
767:diclofenac
707:furosemide
691:amiodarone
609:solar noon
562:elevation.
484:Black skin
477:Brown skin
454:white skin
419:bradykinin
274:Variations
232:blistering
160:blistering
150:, general
130:, such as
95:Prevention
4201:Physical:
4082:Amiloxate
3646:403194002
3641:SNOMED CT
3545:Resources
3528:Textbooks
2326:893557976
2146:17 August
2114:26 August
2053:2 January
2020:2 January
1847:813301093
1512:2168-6068
1425:0031-4005
1386:205188894
1339:eMedicine
1214:aloe vera
1207:lidocaine
1197:(such as
1175:ibuprofen
1164:Sunscreen
1139:ibuprofen
1129:aloe vera
1101:Treatment
1083:clothing.
1059:Vitamin E
1055:Vitamin C
1030:lip balms
1003:cataracts
999:pterygium
902:Sunscreen
851:epidermis
739:thiazides
723:retinoids
719:psoralens
662:Diagnosis
482:Type VI:
468:Type IV:
433:Skin type
376:apoptosis
362:arcs, or
339:-thymine
198:sunscreen
156:dizziness
110:Treatment
100:sunscreen
88:skin type
84:sunscreen
54:Specialty
4092:Cinoxate
3866:Infrared
3737:ionizing
3446:template
3427:19218914
3400:29495390
3349:17499928
3306:Archived
3267:Archived
3230:Archived
3164:28 March
3158:Archived
3134:28 March
3104:28 March
3098:Archived
3076:23467449
3027:22417600
3019:17914160
2984:86776862
2976:18086246
2900:40041207
2892:14569187
2851:16714259
2802:16395131
2765:28 March
2759:Archived
2737:11712033
2702:12276606
2694:19663879
2659:40870536
2651:20414668
2616:21392107
2575:22123420
2540:22599824
2532:17493070
2495:28 March
2489:Archived
2465:28 March
2459:Archived
2435:28 March
2429:Archived
2396:Archived
2370:Archived
2344:Archived
2288:30 March
2258:30 March
2252:Archived
2228:30 March
2222:Archived
2200:25506731
2137:Archived
2108:"Suntan"
2092:13 March
2083:Archived
2047:Archived
2045:. 2012.
2011:Archived
2009:. 2002.
1978:Archived
1942:23 March
1936:Archived
1932:20301571
1899:Archived
1876:20 March
1870:Archived
1805:21734176
1748:Archived
1727:31723047
1660:Archived
1656:10914195
1648:29239489
1609:18652979
1554:Archived
1530:27902809
1471:29 March
1465:Archived
1443:22271688
1378:25208462
1314:Archived
1288:Archived
1244:Freckles
1233:See also
1189:such as
1179:naproxen
1153:blisters
1137:such as
1007:freckles
939:melanoma
896:UV Index
839:UV Index
819:erythema
793:, acne,
539:UV Index
475:Type V:
446:Type 0:
346:(right).
302:melanoma
283:Duration
240:pruritus
221:Blisters
4238:Sunburn
3745:Sunburn
3681:Sunburn
3624:D013471
3472:Sunburn
3461:Sunburn
3448:below (
3391:6017010
3273:26 June
3067:3583891
2935:9448204
2842:1860212
2191:4593495
1796:3232447
1754:1 March
1718:6883822
1695:Bibcode
1600:2873840
1538:8254557
1521:6057474
1434:3269110
1334:Sunburn
1183:aspirin
1181:), and
1143:aspirin
1131:or soy.
1014:eyelids
991:glasses
862:Tanning
799:rosacea
789:(SLE),
638:Suntans
633:Tanning
588:terrain
566:States.
513:, oral
360:welding
337:thymine
264:syncope
152:fatigue
148:painful
120:Sunburn
98:Use of
34:Sunburn
4236:, and
4008:US FDA
3670:003227
3613:692.71
3465:Curlie
3451:Curlie
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2782:Retina
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672:shorts
605:shadow
525:, and
448:Albino
329:photon
316:Causes
260:chills
252:nausea
4258:Burns
3933:Acute
3921:Other
3635:13516
3511:Media
3329:Burns
3023:S2CID
2980:S2CID
2896:S2CID
2698:S2CID
2655:S2CID
2536:S2CID
2140:(PDF)
2133:(PDF)
2086:(PDF)
2075:(PDF)
2014:(PDF)
2003:(PDF)
1652:S2CID
1534:S2CID
1382:S2CID
601:ratio
427:CXCL5
423:TRPV1
404:genes
344:dimer
268:burns
256:fever
236:edema
183:cells
90:, age
3870:heat
3619:MeSH
3608:9-CM
3423:PMID
3396:PMID
3345:PMID
3314:2020
3296:ISBN
3275:2016
3238:2020
3220:ISBN
3192:2014
3166:2018
3136:2018
3106:2018
3072:PMID
3015:PMID
2972:PMID
2931:PMID
2888:PMID
2847:PMID
2798:PMID
2767:2018
2733:PMID
2690:PMID
2647:PMID
2612:PMID
2571:PMID
2528:PMID
2497:2018
2467:2018
2437:2018
2404:2019
2378:2019
2352:2019
2322:OCLC
2312:ISBN
2290:2018
2260:2018
2230:2018
2196:PMID
2148:2016
2116:2006
2094:2015
2055:2015
2022:2015
1986:2017
1944:2018
1928:PMID
1907:2014
1878:2018
1843:OCLC
1833:ISBN
1801:PMID
1756:2015
1723:PMID
1668:2019
1644:PMID
1605:PMID
1526:PMID
1508:ISSN
1473:2018
1439:PMID
1421:ISSN
1374:PMID
1162:and
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1079:4pm.
1057:and
1045:Diet
1036:Feet
1024:The
1020:Lips
1001:and
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537:The
417:and
308:and
248:rash
200:and
132:skin
3604:ICD
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3386:PMC
3376:doi
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3124:WHO
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