1283:. The paleoenvironment of the ostracod assemblages of the Middle Dinosaur Member changed upsection from a marine setting in the basal parts through alternating marine-brackish conditions to freshwater conditions in the higher parts of this member. The highly sporadic occurrence, in this part of the section, of molluscs typical of marginal marine habitats indicates only a very weak marine influence, at sabkha-like coastal plains with ephemeral brackish lakes and ponds are recorded in the upper part of the Middle Dinosaur Member. This part also contains pedogenic calcretes indicating subaerial exposure and the onset of soil formation. The calcrete intraclasts within adjacent sandstone beds testify to erosive reworking of calcrete horizons. The presence of crocodyilforms indicates freshwater to littoral environments and adjacent terrestrial areas.
1079:
2380:
2936:
2873:
877:
1193:
3493:
932:
709:
3594:
3623:
3536:
3565:
2589:
957:
3137:
910:
2499:
2834:
2905:
1425:
392:
986:
3102:
3731:
3176:
128:
2342:
2527:
3258:
3219:
417:
2112:
7195:
1569:, both German as well as Tanzanian commentators have called the claim to rightful ownership by the Berlin museum into question. The Tanzanian government has, however, not submitted any official demand for repatriation. German authorities have preferred to offer information on the provenance and research by increasing cooperation between Tanzanian paleontologists and museums with their German counterparts.
399:
329:
2968:
2462:
6701:
6664:
6574:
6481:
6290:
6207:
5996:
5845:
5761:
5700:
2637:
1349:), and exhibit megaripple surfaces. These conglomeratic sandstone layers are interpreted as storm deposits. In the Dwanika and Bolachikombe stream sections, and in a small tributary of the Bolachikombe creek, a discrete, up to 70 centimetres (2.3 ft) thick conglomerate in the lower portion of the
1209:
The sedimentary rocks and fossils record a repeated shift from shallow marine to tidal flat environments indicating that the strata of the
Tendaguru Formation were deposited near an oscillating strandline which was controlled by sea level changes. The three dinosaur-bearing members are continental to
1302:
and epifaunal and infaunal body fossils suggest high water energy and frequent reworking. This basal succession passes upward in cross-bedded sandstone and minor siltstone and claystone with flaser or lenticular bedding that are interpreted as tidal flat and tidal channel deposits. Horizontal to
1407:
Member are interpreted as tidal channel fills, the overlying fine-grained sandstone, silt- and claystone as tidal flat deposits. From the immediate surroundings of
Tendaguru Hill, invertebrates and vertebrates are poorly known and limit the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of this member. The
1175:
developed towards the end of the Late
Jurassic with the separation of South America and Africa. Africa became increasingly isolated from most other continents by marine barriers from the Kimmeridgian into the Early Cretaceous, but retained a continental connection with South America.
1482:
less than 40 years earlier) and enjoyed the benevolence of many wealthy patrons. Eventually, nearly 250 tons of bones, representing an entirely new dinosaur fauna that remains the best understood assemblage from all of former
Gondwana, was shipped to Berlin.
1379:
The small-scale trough and ripple cross-bedded fine-grained sandstone at the base of the Upper
Dinosaur Member is interpreted as tidal flat deposits. Unfossiliferous sandstone in the upper part was most likely deposited in small fluvial channels in a
6404:"Late Jurassic dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation (USA), the Lourinhā and Alcobaça formations (Portugal), and the Tendaguru Beds (Tanzania): a comparison, in Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Morrison Formation"
1581:, was published for young readers in East Africa. It presents a slightly different, fictitious story of the first discovery, which is attributed to a Tanzanian farmer, rather than to the German engineer Sattler.
1452:(close to Nambiranji village, Mipingo ward, 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Lindi town). Because of its morphology, the hill was locally known as "steep hill": "tendaguru" in the language of the local
1548:
and his wife Ina Reck led the 1912 field season. Other
European participants include Hans von Staff. In the rainy seasons the scientists explored the geology of the colony German East Africa on long safaris.
1151:
At time of deposition was undergoing a semi-arid climate with coastal influences that maintained somewhat higher moisture levels than seen inland. The upper parts of the formation, the Middle
Dinosaur and
597:. More than 250 tonnes (250 long tons; 280 short tons) of material was shipped to Germany during early excavations in the early twentieth century. The faunal assemblage of the Tendaguru is similar to the
547:
Member. The climate of the Late
Jurassic and Early Cretaceous was semi-arid with seasonal rainfall and the eustatic sea level was rising in the Late Jurassic from low levels in the Middle Jurassic.
7183:
1478:, the German expeditions were particularly successful, in large part because the project was taken up as a matter of national ambition (Germany was then a young nation, having been unified by
6359:
6328:"Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution"
1078:
4591:
1566:
1156:
Members in particular, showed prevailing semiarid conditions with pronounced dry seasons, based on palynologic analysis. The
Tendaguru fauna was stable through the Late Jurassic.
433:
1298:
Member that shows highly variable transport directions is interpreted as deposits of large tidal channels. Grain-size, large-scale sedimentary structures, and the lack of both
731:. The contact contains a large hiatus, a missing sequence of stratigraphy, spanning the Paleozoic, Triassic and Early Jurassic. The formation is unconformably overlain by late
1474:(Natural History), London (1924–1931) launched a series of collecting expeditions that remain unequalled in scope and ambition. Led by the vision and influence of geologist
1221:
The composition of benthic molluscs and foraminifera, euhaline to mesohaline ostracods, and dinoflagellate assemblages indicate marine, shallow water conditions for the
5897:"Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas, pp.61-107, in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer - Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, É. (eds)"
4926:
1392:
and charophytes signal the influence of freshwater, whereas the sporadic occurrence of marine invertebrates suggests a depositional environment close to the sea.
1180:
dropped significantly in the Early
Jurassic and remained low through the Middle Jurassic but rose considerably towards the Late Jurassic, deepening the marine
7169:
2548:
Quarry Q, J, Ig, Y, St, dd, S, TL, XX, Ma, JR, Ng, Bo, To, p, t, Lw, D, N, ab, cc, X, IX, Z, T, Aa, l, E, XIV, II, G, e, Ki, No, R, F, XII, GD, XV, Sa, U, i
7161:
6708:
6020:
5360:
Soto, Matías; Toriño, Pablo; Perea, Daniel (2020). "Ceratosaurus (Theropoda, Ceratosauria) teeth from the Tacuarembó Formation (Late Jurassic, Uruguay)".
2379:
7741:
5656:
Aberhan, Martin; Bussert, Robert; Heinrich, Wolf-Dieter; Schrank, Eckhart; Schultka, Stephan; Sames, Benjamin; Kriwet, Jürgen; Kapilima, Saidi (2002),
5412:
Soto, Matías; Toriño, Pablo; Perea, Daniel (2020). "A large sized megalosaurid (Theropoda, Tetanurae) from the late Jurassic of Uruguay and Tanzania".
6332:
1311:
Member are interpreted as tidal channel and sand bar deposits. At some places in the surroundings of Tendaguru Hill, these sediments interfinger with
604:
The dinosaur fauna found in the formation is similar to that of other highly fossiliferous stratigraphic units of the Late Jurassic; among others the
1269:
to freshwater taxa is indicative of a brackish water paleoenvironment with distinct influx of freshwater as revealed by the nonmarine ostracod genus
1082:
Paleogeography and paleoclimate of the Late Jurassic (150 Ma). The Tendaguru Formation is indicated by A1, the Morrison Formation with M1-6 and the
2935:
1463:, then on a round trip through Africa, who visited the site in 1907 and with the aid of Sattler recovered two partial skeletons of enormous size.
391:
1303:
low-angle cross-bedded, fine-grained sandstone with intercalated bivalve pavements indicates tidal currents that operated in small flood and ebb
6115:
Heinrich, Wolf-Dieter; Bussert, Robert; Aberhan, Martin (2011), "A blast from the past: the lost world of dinosaurs at Tendaguru, East Africa",
1448:), was shown by his local staff enormous bones weathering out of the path near the base of Tendaguru Hill, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of
2872:
750:
in 1914 to define a sequence of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous strata, exposed in the Tendaguru area, which is named after Tendaguru Hill.
6311:
5114:
5713:"The Tendaguru Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, southern Tanzania): definition, palaeoenvironments, and sequence stratigraphy"
876:
7199:
7176:
1669:
1192:
1083:
673:
466:. The formation reaches a total sedimentary thickness of more than 110 metres (360 ft). The formation ranges in age from the late
7736:
6724:
6368:
7796:
6796:
7801:
7771:
7761:
6327:
5869:
5773:
1467:
6832:
6513:
6081:
3492:
2369:" composite mounted skeletons, braincases, sacra, more than femora, approximately 25 isolated elements, juvenile to adult"
1307:
and along the coast. Stacked successions of trough cross-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained sandstone of the upper part of the
7514:
6219:
5926:"An early spinosaurid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania) and the evolution of the spinosaurid dentition"
4959:
1633:
1533:
649:
1424:
1329:
Member exhibits several up to 20 centimetres (7.9 in) thick, poorly sorted, conglomeratic sandstone beds. They contain
931:
708:
5094:
7766:
7756:
7746:
6683:
5978:
1259:
from the member indicates polyhaline to euhaline conditions. Slightly higher up, a faunal sample dominated by the bivalve
7786:
7731:
949:
Ripple cross bedded fine grained calcareous sandstones and siltstones and massive to crudely bedded silt and claystones
742:
Based on extended geological and paleontological observations the "Tendaguruschichten" (Tendaguru Beds) were defined by
235:
4952:
African Dinosaurs Unearthed. The Tendaguru Expeditions. Bloomington and Indianapolis (Indiana University Press), p. 304
3593:
3622:
3535:
1673:
551:
reconstructions show the Tendaguru area was located in the subtropical southern hemisphere during the Late Jurassic.
956:
281:
7791:
3564:
3136:
909:
242:
7781:
7751:
6757:
5658:"Palaeoecology and depositional environments of the Tendaguru Beds (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Tanzania)"
4637:
4596:
1237:
Member represents a variety of shallow subtidal to lower intertidal environments influenced by tides and storms.
2904:
2833:
2498:
6875:
3132:
A tooth of controverisial affinitiies, had either been suggested to have been a spinosaurid or a ceratosaurid.
2588:
1649:
1408:
composition of the land-derived sporomorph assemblage suggests a terrestrial vegetation which was dominated by
902:
Ripple cross bedded fine grained sandstones and siltstones with intercalated claystone and micritic carbonates
759:
665:
528:
1388:
deposits were laid down in still water bodies such as small lakes and ponds. Rare occurrences of the ostracod
1436:
pharmacist, chemical analyst and mining engineer Bernhard Wilhelm Sattler, on his way to a mine south of the
7776:
6629:
6586:
6541:
6432:
Noto, Christopher R.; Grossmann, Ari (2010), "Broad-Scale Patterns of Late Jurassic Dinosaur Paleoecology",
6254:
6172:
5857:
5812:
5720:
5665:
4631:
1225:
Member, in particular for the lower part. Sedimentation occurred as tidal channel fills, subtidal and tidal
985:
601:
of the central-western United States, with an additional marine interbed fauna not present in the Morrison.
3101:
1245:
The sedimentological characteristics of the basal part of the Middle Dinosaur Member suggest deposition on
489:
The Tendaguru Formation is subdivided into six members; from oldest to youngest Lower Dinosaur Member, the
7532:
7327:
7299:
4643:
4619:
1609:
1578:
621:
514:
219:
6825:
6077:"Avian-like tibiotarsi of pterodactyloids (Reptilia: Pterosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of East Africa"
7276:
7118:
7066:
6582:"A second Gondwanan diplodocid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Tendaguru Beds of Tanzania, East Africa"
5955:
Mesozoic Mammals from South America: Implications for understanding early mammalian faunas from Gondwana
3730:
3175:
2946:
2123:
1486:
From there, the material was transported to Fraas' institution, the Royal Natural History Collection in
4428:
2341:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1138:
1122:
811:
736:
641:
633:
625:
158:
6490:, G.S (1988), "The brachiosaur giants of the Morrison Tendaguru with a description of a new subgenus,
3857:
2363:
Quarry Q, Ig, St, S, Ny, Li, XX, r, y, d, Ng, X, H, IX, Om, bb, Ha, XIV, II, IV, V, VIII, G, e, g, Ki
1943:
7250:
6978:
6733:
6638:
6595:
6550:
6443:
6377:
6263:
6181:
6124:
6090:
5821:
5729:
5674:
5421:
5369:
4359:
1621:
637:
138:
5896:
4472:
4313:
4163:
1437:
1142:
7616:
7580:
7426:
7281:
7133:
6885:
6782:
6774:
4026:
3168:
2526:
1641:
1357:
deposit. Overall, lithofacies and the diverse macroinvertebrate and microfossil assemblages of the
1134:
1110:
1091:
717:
657:
452:
344:
4466:
4449:
3922:
3878:
3825:
3788:
3687:
2489:"Skeleton lacking skull and forelimbs, partial skeletons, isolated vertebrae, and limb elements"
1912:
1339:
1114:
127:
7682:
7639:
7598:
7491:
7380:
7230:
6973:
6963:
6749:
6303:
5958:, Historia evolutiva y paleobiogeográfica de los vertebrados de América del Sur, pp. 199–209
5437:
5385:
5323:
Rauhut, Oliver W. M. (2011). "Theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania".
4625:
4405:
4382:
4238:
4140:
3943:
3147:
1820:
1593:
1475:
1441:
1361:
Member suggest a shallow marine environment. Based on the diverse mesoflora and the abundance of
1255:
1177:
1044:
724:
598:
459:
174:
7657:
6671:
3475:
1106:
924:
Calcite cemented sandstones, conglomerate beds, thin clay and silt layers with sandy limestones
4495:
4089:
3709:
3257:
1345:
1330:
7705:
7672:
7662:
7370:
7092:
6792:
6471:
6415:
6307:
6140:
6059:
6037:
6008:
5970:
5925:
5921:
5745:
5110:
4955:
4328:
4260:
4047:
3901:
3769:
2162:
1645:
1479:
1409:
1271:
1261:
995:
661:
475:
436:
4927:"Countries demand their fossils back, forcing natural history museums to confront their past"
1850:
1449:
7388:
7087:
6890:
6741:
6646:
6603:
6558:
6461:
6451:
6385:
6341:
6271:
6228:
6189:
6132:
6098:
6029:
5878:
5829:
5737:
5682:
5429:
5377:
5102:
2726:
2263:
2019:
1968:
1661:
1536:
excavated at Tendaguru hill and in the surroundings for four years. From 1909 through 1911,
1095:
732:
676:
and the Morrison Formation, with the presence of dinosaurs with similar counterparts, e.g.,
471:
6364:, a new turiasaurian sauropod (Dinosauria, Eusauropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal"
1008:
Cross bedded fine grained sandstones and siltstones, with Interbedded clay-rich siltstones
6994:
6916:
6880:
6487:
5712:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4510:
3218:
3112:
3092:
3045:
2931:
Referred to Flagellicaudata indet. based on the derived characters shared with this group
2914:
2695:"More than partial skeletons, a few skull elements, many isolated postcranial elements"
2492:
2455:
2244:
2088:
1657:
1597:
1537:
766:
while the beds with genus/species names represent marine interbeds with shallow marine to
743:
669:
605:
578:
467:
367:
6247:"Die mesophytische Flora der Saurierlagerstätte am Tendaguru (Tansania) Erste Ergebnisse"
1210:
marginal marine and the three sandstone-dominated members are marginal marine in origin.
828:
Fine to medium grained sandstones, intercalated conglomerates, siltstones and claystones
6737:
6642:
6621:
6599:
6554:
6533:
6447:
6381:
6267:
6246:
6185:
6152:
6128:
6094:
5825:
5804:
5733:
5678:
5425:
5373:
7496:
7436:
7406:
7258:
7128:
7082:
7014:
7004:
6968:
6926:
6906:
6870:
6865:
6818:
6466:
6076:
6054:
5882:
3290:
3250:
2314:
2201:
1876:
1787:
1605:
1471:
1460:
1181:
1172:
1049:
1020:
721:
617:
548:
456:
440:
416:
274:
168:
5657:
7725:
7647:
7550:
7524:
7454:
7421:
7357:
7319:
7291:
7268:
7215:
7207:
7123:
7009:
6921:
6607:
6508:
6136:
5953:
5782:
5441:
5389:
4489:
4307:
3666:
3071:
3020:
2736:
2708:
2556:
2472:
2432:
2281:
2182:
1933:
1865:
1596:
of the central-western United States, several formations in England, among which the
1497:
1457:
1381:
678:
555:
525:
86:
38:
6753:
6581:
6403:
6214:
6033:
2111:
739:, that forms the top of several plateaus; Namunda, Rondo, Noto, and Likonde-Kitale.
7695:
7570:
7555:
7542:
7506:
7473:
7398:
7044:
6999:
6911:
6841:
6778:
4353:
4334:
3380:
3331:
3295:
3229:
3211:
2882:
2843:
2806:
2698:
2627:
2617:
2577:
2561:
2537:
2450:
2352:
2335:
1855:
1541:
1453:
1385:
1363:
1299:
1168:
966:
747:
696:
690:
590:
566:
463:
444:
371:
316:
1129:. The main rift phase in present-day southeastern Africa led to the separation of
6786:
6456:
6389:
6297:
6275:
5433:
5381:
7690:
7629:
7624:
7416:
7347:
7113:
6672:"A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of
6345:
5805:"Selachians and actinopterygians from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania"
4422:
4399:
4186:
4068:
3308:
3269:
3210:
indet." Possibly a megalosauroid or carcharodontosaurid. Originally referred to
2668:
2630:
2373:
1964:
1901:
1748:
1601:
1562:
1304:
859:
855:
684:
609:
479:
61:
47:
6622:"Palynology of the Dinosaur Beds of Tendaguru (Tanzania) - Preliminary Results"
6000:
5849:
5765:
5704:
1367:, a nearby vegetated hinterland is postulated that was dominated by xerophytic
7606:
7309:
7235:
6232:
5106:
4533:
4376:
4003:
3575:
3186:
2967:
2864:
2826:
2647:
2599:
2143:
1861:
1734:
1558:
1512:
1334:
1276:
1246:
1230:
1130:
1102:
886:
536:
106:
71:
6419:
6144:
6012:
5833:
5749:
296:
283:
257:
244:
7462:
7337:
7097:
6326:
Mannion, Philip D.; Upchurch, Paul; Schwarz, Daniela; Wings, Oliver (2019),
6013:"On two pterosaur humeri from the Tendaguru beds (Upper Jurassic, Tanzania)"
3604:
3503:
3430:
3207:
3095:
2678:
2461:
2055:
2033:
1681:
1677:
1545:
1519:
1487:
1315:
1145:
1037:
1000:
840:
582:
565:. The formation has provided a wealth of fossils of different groups; early
521:
510:
502:
483:
223:
211:
197:
111:
55:
43:
6562:
6475:
6041:
5741:
1432:
The Tendaguru Beds as a fossil deposit were first discovered in 1906, when
6651:
6534:"Taxonomy of Late Jurassic diplodocid sauropods from Tendaguru (Tanzania)"
6194:
5862:(Mammalia, Cladotheria) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of USA"
7710:
7700:
7481:
7444:
7342:
7332:
7225:
7194:
6745:
6434:
5687:
4443:
3964:
2987:
2399:
1987:
1897:
1629:
1445:
1266:
1226:
1164:
1160:
1099:
1030:
645:
574:
448:
334:
101:
96:
81:
76:
66:
17:
2331:"Large number of mostly disassociated cranial and postcranial elements"
1456:. Sattler sent a report of the discoveries that found its way to German
1024:
7588:
7560:
7411:
7304:
7220:
6700:
6663:
6573:
6480:
6306:
Press, Bloomington, Indiana (Life of the Past Series), pp. 1–432,
6289:
6206:
6102:
5995:
5933:
5844:
5760:
5699:
3546:
2636:
2621:
1741:
1491:
1433:
1368:
1354:
1126:
1118:
613:
558:
540:
532:
116:
91:
716:
The Tendaguru Formation represents the oldest sedimentary unit in the
7667:
7240:
5093:
Evans, Susan E. (2022-08-11), Gower, David J.; Zaher, Hussam (eds.),
4560:
4536:
1312:
1250:
1056:
821:
817:
770:
facies. In ascending order these are: the Lower Dinosaur Member, the
767:
763:
728:
629:
562:
518:
171:
5952:
Chimento, Nicholas; Agnolín, Frederico; Martinelli, Agustin (2016),
4634:, Valanginian to Hauterivian fossiliferous formation of South Africa
1707:
6509:"Theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania)"
4628:, Berriasian to Hauterivian fossiliferous formation of South Africa
1577:
In 1998, an illustrated book in Swahili, whose title translates as
758:
The Tendaguru is divided into 6 members, which represent different
482:
stages, with the base of the formation possibly extending into the
7652:
7565:
7486:
7365:
7039:
6947:
6851:
6713:
Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropod) and its generic separation from
3256:
2519:" partial skeletons without skulls, isolated postcranial remains"
2110:
1712:
1665:
1653:
1637:
1592:
The fauna of the Tendaguru Formation has been correlated with the
1423:
1319:
1280:
1191:
1077:
707:
653:
594:
570:
506:
415:
207:
5999:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
5895:
Barrett, P.M.; Butler, R.J.; Edwards, N.P.; Milner, A.R. (2008),
5848:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
5803:
Arratia, Gloria; Kriwet, Jürgen; Heinrich, Wolf-Dietrich (2002),
5764:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
5703:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
2752:" partial skeletons, more than skulls, isolated limb elements"
1167:
and Gondwana supercontinents resulted from the connection of the
5711:
Bussert, Robert; Heinrich, Wolf-Dieter; Aberhan, Martin (2009),
4640:, Berriasian to Valanginian fossiliferous formation of Argentina
2573:
after scientists concluded that it was distinct enough from the
1413:
1171:
with the proto-Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean. In addition, the
586:
215:
7165:
6814:
6810:
1589:
Possible dinosaur eggs have been recovered from the formation.
1196:
Generalized depositional environment of the Tendaguru Formation
2449:
Two neck vertebrae; more undescribed remains destroyed during
451:. The formation represents the oldest sedimentary unit of the
1428:
Geologic map of the Tendaguru Formation with sample locations
6791:, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880,
4995:
4993:
4991:
4622:, Tithonian to Berriasian fossiliferous formation of Morocco
3729:
3621:
3592:
3563:
3534:
3491:
3217:
3174:
3135:
3100:
2966:
2934:
2903:
2871:
2832:
2635:
2587:
2525:
2497:
2460:
2378:
2340:
984:
955:
930:
908:
890:
875:
844:
6245:
Kahlert, Eberhard; Schultka, Stephan; Süß, Herbert (1999),
4989:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4669:
Formal description in preparation by Michael Taylor in 2019
1565:
of colonial heritage, as discussed for example in the 2018
869:
Fine to medium grained sandstones with basal conglomerate
6408:
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
5101:(1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 7–25,
2982:
2394:
2276:
2050:
1982:
1782:
1163:
paleocontinent was breaking up and the separation of the
27:
Geological formation and paleontological site in Tanzania
2221:
Later determined to be an indeterminate dsungaripteroid
6161:
Heinrich, 1999 (Allotheria, Haramiyida) preoccupied by
1494:. Fraas described two species in the badly known genus
1337:
and/or accumulations of thick-shelled bivalves (mainly
712:
Map and stratigraphic column of the Tendaguru Formation
6494:, and a comparison of the world's largest dinosaurs",
6299:
African dinosaurs unearthed: the Tendaguru expeditions
6001:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
5850:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
5766:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
5705:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
4592:
List of stratigraphic units with dinosaur body fossils
1567:
report on the restitution of African cultural heritage
1294:
The coarse-grained sandstone of the lower part of the
1557:
In the context of international discussion about the
762:, with the 'Dinosaur Beds' representing terrestrial
7681:
7638:
7615:
7597:
7579:
7541:
7523:
7505:
7472:
7453:
7435:
7397:
7379:
7356:
7318:
7290:
7267:
7249:
7206:
7142:
7106:
7075:
7056:
7032:
6987:
6956:
6935:
6899:
6858:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5616:
5614:
5595:
5593:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5099:
The Origin and Early Evolutionary History of Snakes
5095:"The Origin and Early Diversification of Squamates"
4954:. Indiana University Press. pp. 380, 50 figs.
4853:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4825:
4823:
1159:During the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the
978:Trough cross bedded sandstone to massive sandstone
377:
363:
355:
350:
340:
322:
312:
273:
234:
229:
203:
193:
188:
180:
164:
154:
144:
134:
32:
5583:
5581:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5053:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4705:
4703:
2238:Later determined to be an indeterminate pterosaur
1553:Public discussion about provenance and restitution
554:The Tendaguru Formation is considered the richest
5205:
5203:
2513:Quarry La, s, O, ab, E, M, o, Ob, bb, XIV, G, GD
1403:Fining upward sequences of the basal part of the
6358:Mateus, O.; Mannion, P.D.; Upchurch, P. (2014),
6215:"Late Jurassic mammals from Tendaguru, Tanzania"
5231:
5229:
2616:Known from hindlimb and forelimb material, left
1466:Following the discovery in 1906, teams from the
5262:"Table 13.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.267
5253:"Table 13.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.265
5244:"Table 13.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.261
5209:"Table 13.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.264
5188:"Table 16.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.344
5179:"Table 19.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.414
4616:, Tithonian fossiliferous formation of Ethiopia
2824:Belonging to a form that is closely related to
501:Member. The succession comprises a sequence of
6676:from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania"
4604:, Triassic fossiliferous formation of Tanzania
7177:
6826:
5402:"Table 4.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.75
5341:"Table 3.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.48
5219:
5217:
5215:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5043:
5041:
4610:, Permian fossiliferous formation of Tanzania
1090:The Tendaguru Formation was deposited in the
1017:
8:
4902:
4900:
524:, deposited in an overall shallow marine to
6670:Schwarz-Wings, Daniela; Böhm, Nico (2014),
6057:, E (1908), "Ostafrikanische Dinosaurier",
5870:Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS
2758:was distinct enough from the non-Tendaguru
1069:Paleogeography and depositional environment
778:Member, the Upper Dinosaur Member, and the
497:Member, the Upper Dinosaur Member, and the
398:
7184:
7170:
7162:
6833:
6819:
6811:
4286:
4214:
4116:
3745:
3642:
3453:
3409:
3352:
1137:happened during the Early Cretaceous. The
126:
29:
6650:
6465:
6455:
6333:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
6193:
5686:
5157:
5155:
3035:A left tibia, a right tibia, and a femur
2900:Possibly representing two different taxa
2262:Later determined to be an indeterminate "
1544:as assistant directed excavations, while
6165:Schubert, 1911 (Protista, Foraminifera)"
6021:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
5414:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
5362:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
3328:Includes remains previously referred to
2985:
2397:
2279:
2200:Later determined to be an indeterminate
2053:
1985:
1960:Partial dentary with damaged last molar
1785:
1325:In the Tingutinguti stream section, the
1117:to the south. To the west of the basin,
786:Stratigraphy of the Tendaguru Formation
784:
4681:
4662:
3299:. Originally referred to Allosauridae.
3253:. Originally referred to Allosauridae.
3038:Possibly an indeterminate abelisaurid.
2664:" associated cranial dorsal vertebrae"
1318:layers that represent high-energy ooid
1265:and an ostracod assemblage composed of
2584:, to warrant such a reclassification.
5775:Tanzania: an emerging energy producer
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5304:
3063:A large indeterminate megalosauroid.
2990:reported from the Tendaguru Formation
2402:reported from the Tendaguru Formation
2284:reported from the Tendaguru Formation
2058:reported from the Tendaguru Formation
1990:reported from the Tendaguru Formation
1790:reported from the Tendaguru Formation
1148:are located just offshore the basin.
7:
5856:Averianov, A.O.; Martin, T. (2015),
4718:Schwarz-Wings & Böhm, 2014, p.82
2766:that it was moved to its own genus,
1233:), and beach deposits. Overall, the
774:Member, the Middle Dinosaur Member,
493:Member, the Middle Dinosaur Member,
7200:National Historic Sites of Tanzania
5074:Averianov & Martin, 2015, p.327
4646:, Book for young readers in Swahili
2551:Lower, Middle & Upper Dinosaur
2486:Lower, Middle & Upper Dinosaur
2366:Lower, Middle & Upper Dinosaur
1764:Uncertain or tentative taxa are in
6725:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
6369:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
462:, separating by a long hiatus and
25:
7742:Lower Cretaceous Series of Africa
3085:Middle Dinosaur, ?Upper Dinosaur
1724:Taxon falsely reported as present
1249:and in small tidal channels of a
837:
420:Location of Tendaguru in Tanzania
148:
7193:
6699:
6662:
6608:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00652.x
6572:
6479:
6288:
6205:
6137:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2011.00795.x
5994:
5883:10.31610/trudyzin/2015.319.3.326
5843:
5759:
5698:
5161:Costa & Kellner, 2009, p.814
4456:Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi
4412:Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi
4366:Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi
3838:Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi
2858:Caudal vertebrae and metatarsal
2115:Pterosaur fossils from Tendaguru
1405:Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi
1397:Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi
1154:Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi
865:Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi
780:Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi
499:Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi
397:
390:
327:
6514:Special Papers in Palaeontology
6034:10.1590/S0001-37652009000400017
5325:Special Papers in Palaeontology
5026:Noto & Grossmann, 2010, p.3
4808:Noto & Grossmann, 2010, p.9
4790:Noto & Grossmann, 2010, p.7
4170:Meandrophyllia oolithotithonica
3060:left tibia and left astragalus
2723:A sequence of caudal vertebrae
2610:Quarry dd, P, IX, B, G, Oa, NB
2565:was erected to hold the former
1729:Dubious taxon or junior synonym
1534:Berlin's Natural History Museum
1253:paleoenvironment. The ostracod
7515:Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site
6220:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
6213:Heinrich, Wolf-Dieter (1998),
6151:Heinrich, Wolf-Dieter (2004),
5223:Taylor, M.P., 2009, pp.787-806
4999:Weishampel et al., 2004, p.552
4925:Vogel, Gretchen (2019-03-27).
2105:A partial mandible with teeth
1634:Villar del Arzobispo Formation
1353:Member displays evidence of a
927:20–50 m (66–164 ft)
650:Villar del Arzobispo Formation
406:Tendaguru Formation (Tanzania)
1:
6684:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
5979:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
4559:Pteridophytic and bryophytic
1468:Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
1412:conifers in association with
981:5–45 m (16–148 ft)
952:13–30 m (43–98 ft)
872:5–70 m (16–230 ft)
6457:10.1371/journal.pone.0012553
6390:10.1080/02724634.2013.822875
6276:10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020114
6082:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
5434:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102458
5382:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102781
4576:
4552:
4526:
4503:
4482:
4459:
4436:
4415:
4392:
4369:
4346:
4321:
4274:
4252:
4202:
4178:
4155:
4104:
4081:
4060:
4039:
4018:
3995:
3979:
3956:
3935:
3914:
3893:
3870:
3851:
3842:
3817:
3805:
3782:
3726:
3701:
3679:
3618:
3589:
3560:
3531:
3516:
3488:
3441:
3397:
3393:Upper & Middle Dinosaur
3243:Middle & Upper Dinosaur
2959:
2725:
2697:
2692:Middle & Upper Dinosaur
2625:
2613:Middle & Upper Dinosaur
2521:
2516:Middle & Upper Dinosaur
2491:
2454:
2371:
2333:
2176:
2156:
2137:
2107:
1585:Paleontological significance
275:Approximate paleocoordinates
184:>110 m (360 ft)
7057:National Parks and Reserves
6788:The Dinosauria, 2nd edition
6507:Rauhut, Oliver W.M (2011),
5969:Cifelli, Richard L (2003),
5620:Kahlert et al., 1999, p.190
5608:Kahlert et al., 1999, p.188
5599:Kahlert et al., 1999, p.192
5531:Bussert et al., 2009, p.162
5522:Bussert et al., 2009, p.165
5508:Bussert et al., 2009, p.159
5499:Arratia et al., 2002, p.218
5490:Arratia et al., 2002, p.216
5481:Arratia et al., 2002, p.213
5472:Arratia et al., 2002, p.224
5463:Arratia et al., 2002, p.219
5454:Bussert et al., 2009, p.164
4857:Bussert et al., 2009, p.167
4829:Bussert et al., 2009, p.168
4817:Arratia et al., 2002, p.227
4727:Bussert et al., 2009, p.152
4709:Bussert et al., 2009, p.142
4697:Bussert et al., 2009, p.154
4272:Middle & Upper Dinosaur
3529:Upper & Middle Dinosaur
2960:Brachiosaur, distinct from
2689:Quarry St, k, MD, A, e, Sa
1691:
1528:German Tendaguru Expedition
1011:>20 m (66 ft)
802:
796:
793:
7818:
5858:"Ontogeny and taxonomy of
5587:Aberhan et al., 2002, p.25
5575:Aberhan et al., 2002, p.34
5553:Aberhan et al., 2002, p.27
5065:Aberhan et al., 2002, p.30
4885:Aberhan et al., 2002, p.33
4869:Aberhan et al., 2002, p.32
2861:Originally referred to as
2109:
1670:Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
1084:Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
831:~200 m (660 ft)
674:Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
531:, characterized by tidal,
7737:Jurassic System of Africa
6848:
6620:Schrank, Eckhart (1999),
6346:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly068
5107:10.1017/9781108938891.004
4638:Bajada Colorada Formation
4597:List of African dinosaurs
3962:
3835:
3823:
3786:
3728:
3501:
2734:
2470:
2422:
2180:
1698:
1694:
1650:Shangshaximiao Formations
1540:as expedition leader and
940:
929:
926:
923:
918:
905:~32 m (105 ft)
895:
849:
760:depositional environments
746:as expedition leader and
666:Shangshaximiao Formations
543:deposit occurring in the
385:
125:
37:
7797:Paleontology in Tanzania
6876:Lindi Municipal District
6711:Brachiosaurus altithorax
6580:Remes, Kristian (2007),
6532:Remes, Kristian (2009),
6402:Mateus, Octávio (2006),
6075:Galton, Peter M (1980),
5834:10.1002/mmng.20020050112
4688:Mateus, 2006, pp.223–232
3510:Lepidotes tendaguruensis
3249:Tentatively referred to
3206:Remains now considered "
2483:Quarry Q, m, St, dd, Sa
1840:Originally described as
1696:
1188:Depositional environment
7802:Rufiji-Ruvuma languages
7772:Shallow marine deposits
7762:Conglomerate formations
6936:National Historic Sites
6233:10.1023/A:1020548010203
6157:, a new genus name for
5971:"A graveyard of titans"
5785:, London, pp. 1–35
4950:Maier, Gerhard (2003).
4632:Sundays River Formation
3832:Rutitrigonia bornhardti
3673:Pseudomelania dietrichi
3088:"Postcranial skeleton"
2792:were later referred to
1279:, and other freshwater
1133:and the then-connected
7300:Isimila Stone Age Site
7033:Major Cities and Towns
6563:10.1002/mmng.200800008
5742:10.1002/mmng.200900004
4644:Dinosaurs of Tendaguru
4620:Ksar Metlili Formation
3929:Falcimytilus dietrichi
3734:
3626:
3597:
3568:
3539:
3496:
3262:
3222:
3179:
3140:
3105:
2971:
2939:
2908:
2876:
2837:
2788:Remains attributed to
2640:
2592:
2530:
2502:
2465:
2383:
2345:
2116:
1893:Dentary without teeth
1837:Three isolated molars
1772:taxa are discredited.
1579:Dinosaurs of Tendaguru
1429:
1241:Middle Dinosaur Member
1229:, minor storm layers (
1206:
1087:
989:
960:
935:
913:
880:
713:
421:
7617:Zanzibar South Region
7581:Zanzibar North Region
7152:Great Mosque of Kilwa
7119:Great Mosque of Kilwa
7067:Nyerere National Park
6652:10.5194/fr-2-171-1999
6195:10.5194/fr-7-153-2004
6123:(3), Wiley: 101–106,
5083:Heinrich, 1998, p.269
5047:Chimento et al., 2016
4571:Indotrigonia africana
4547:Indotrigonia africana
4521:Indotrigonia africana
4479:Indotrigonia africana
4429:Glyptostroboxylon sp.
4389:Indotrigonia africana
4341:Indotrigonia africana
4199:Indotrigonia africana
4175:Indotrigonia africana
4152:Indotrigonia africana
4147:Astrocoenia bernensis
4101:Indotrigonia africana
4033:Meleagrinella radiata
4015:Indotrigonia africana
4010:Lithophaga suboblonga
3992:Indotrigonia africana
3976:Indotrigonia africana
3890:Indotrigonia africana
3801:Indotrigonia africana
3795:Indotrigonia africana
3733:
3625:
3596:
3567:
3538:
3495:
3260:
3221:
3178:
3139:
3104:
2970:
2938:
2907:
2875:
2836:
2639:
2591:
2529:
2501:
2464:
2382:
2344:
2124:archaeopterodactyloid
2114:
1674:Cañadón Asfalto Basin
1470:(1907–1913), and the
1427:
1384:environment, whereas
1375:Upper Dinosaur Member
1359:Indotrigonia africana
1351:Indotrigonia africana
1340:Indotrigonia africana
1327:Indotrigonia africana
1309:Indotrigonia africana
1296:Indotrigonia africana
1288:Indotrigonia africana
1195:
1113:to the north and the
1081:
988:
959:
934:
920:Indotrigonia africana
912:
879:
776:Indotrigonia africana
720:, directly overlying
711:
688:in the Morrison, and
545:Indotrigonia africana
495:Indotrigonia africana
419:
7767:Limestone formations
7757:Siltstone formations
7747:Sandstone formations
7251:Dar es Salaam Region
7107:World Heritage Sites
6979:Sanje ya Kati Island
6775:Weishampel, David B.
6746:10.1671/039.029.0309
6715:Giraffatitan brancai
6709:"A Re-evaluation of
6707:Taylor, M.P (2009),
5688:10.5194/fr-5-19-2002
5638:Schrank, 1999, p.173
5350:Buffetaut, 2012, p.2
5235:Mannion et al., 2019
5149:Barrett et al., 2008
4915:Cifelli, 2003, p.608
4799:Schrank, 1999, p.181
4652:Notes and references
3950:Grammatodon irritans
3885:Actinostreon hennigi
3482:Engaibatis schultzei
2865:Barosaurus africanus
1932:One of the earliest
1854:was preoccupied bya
1184:between continents.
1105:located between the
139:Geological formation
7787:Lacustrine deposits
7732:Tendaguru Formation
7533:Livingstone's Tembe
7427:Lindi Historic Town
7282:Bahi Rock-Art Sites
7134:Selous Game Reserve
7063:Selous Game Reserve
6943:Tendaguru Formation
6886:Nachingwea District
6738:2009JVPal..29..787T
6643:1999FossR...2..171S
6600:2007Palgy..50..653R
6555:2009FossR..12...23R
6448:2010PLoSO...512553N
6382:2014JVPal..34..618M
6268:1999FossR...2..185K
6186:2004FossR...7..153H
6129:2011GeolT..27..101H
6095:1980PalZ...54..331G
5826:2002FossR...5..207A
5772:Muhongo, S (2013),
5734:2009FossR..12..141B
5679:2002FossR...5...19A
5426:2020JSAES..9802458S
5374:2020JSAES.10302781S
5008:Taylor, 2009, p.790
4781:Muhongo, 2013, p.22
4772:Muhongo, 2013, p.17
4754:Muhongo, 2013, p.33
4736:Muhongo, 2013, p.28
4360:Cupressinoxylon sp.
4096:Seebachia janenschi
4075:Protocardia schenki
3169:carcharodontosaurid
3167:The earliest known
3082:Quarry Ig, dd, ?RD
1864:(though possibly a
1626:Lourinhã Formations
1610:Argiles d'Octeville
1346:Seebachia janenschi
1201:- high water line,
1135:Indian subcontinent
787:
642:Lourinhã Formations
622:Argiles d'Octeville
426:Tendaguru Formation
293: /
254: /
39:Stratigraphic range
33:Tendaguru Formation
7683:Pemba South Region
7640:Pemba North Region
7492:Chole Island Ruins
7381:Kilimanjaro Region
7231:Nasera Rockshelter
7143:National Monuments
7076:National Landmarks
6974:Songo Mnara Island
6964:Songosongo Islands
6304:Indiana University
6103:10.1007/BF02988135
4763:Muhongo, 2013, p.3
4745:Muhongo, 2013, p.8
4626:Kirkwood Formation
4473:Cymatiosphaera sp.
3971:Liostrea dubiensis
3908:Entolium corneolum
3735:
3627:
3598:
3569:
3540:
3497:
3263:
3223:
3180:
3148:Veterupristisaurus
3141:
3106:
2972:
2940:
2909:
2897:Articulated pedes
2877:
2838:
2641:
2593:
2531:
2503:
2466:
2384:
2346:
2117:
1719:Reclassified taxon
1614:Marnes de Bléville
1594:Morrison Formation
1573:In popular culture
1476:Wilhelm von Branca
1442:German East Africa
1430:
1420:Excavation history
1207:
1088:
990:
961:
941:Late Kimmeridgian
936:
914:
881:
785:
714:
700:in the Tendaguru.
626:Marnes de Bléville
599:Morrison Formation
422:
7792:Lagoonal deposits
7719:
7718:
7706:Ras Mkumbuu Ruins
7673:Kichokochwe Ruins
7371:Uvinza Salt Works
7328:KM2 and KM3 sites
7159:
7158:
7093:Matumbi Highlands
6783:Osmólska, Halszka
6313:978-0-253-00054-5
6296:Maier, G (2003),
6060:Palaeontographica
5298:Remes, 2009, p.34
5289:Remes, 2009, p.30
5280:Remes, 2009, p.28
5271:Remes, 2009, p.26
5116:978-1-108-93889-1
5017:Mateus, 2006, p.1
4582:
4581:
4329:Cheirolepidiaceae
4280:
4279:
4208:
4207:
4110:
4109:
3739:
3738:
3716:Nerinella cutleri
3631:
3630:
3447:
3446:
3403:
3402:
3346:
3345:
3193:?A. tendagurensis
3119:O. crassiserratus
2976:
2975:
2388:
2387:
2321:D. lettowvorbecki
2270:
2269:
2044:
2043:
1976:
1975:
1969:australosphenidan
1776:
1775:
1767:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1524:, respectively).
1410:cheirolepidiacean
1178:Global sea levels
1123:Early Proterozoic
1066:
1065:
737:Makonde Formation
735:sediments of the
549:Paleogeographical
539:influence with a
414:
413:
159:Makonde Formation
16:(Redirected from
7809:
7782:Deltaic deposits
7752:Shale formations
7389:Marangu Defences
7198:
7197:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7163:
6988:Rivers and Lakes
6891:Ruangwa District
6835:
6828:
6821:
6812:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6770:
6769:
6768:
6762:
6756:, archived from
6721:
6717:(Janensch 1914)"
6703:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6680:
6666:
6661:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6626:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6576:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6538:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6503:
6483:
6478:
6469:
6459:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6322:
6321:
6320:
6292:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6251:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6209:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6169:
6147:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6071:
6068:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6017:
5998:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5975:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5930:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5901:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5866:
5847:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5809:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5780:
5763:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5717:
5702:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5662:
5639:
5636:
5621:
5618:
5609:
5606:
5600:
5597:
5588:
5585:
5576:
5573:
5554:
5551:
5532:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5509:
5506:
5500:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5482:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5320:
5299:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5281:
5278:
5272:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5254:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5236:
5233:
5224:
5221:
5210:
5207:
5198:
5195:
5189:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5171:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5150:
5147:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5090:
5084:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5066:
5063:
5048:
5045:
5036:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5000:
4997:
4966:
4965:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4895:
4892:
4886:
4883:
4870:
4867:
4858:
4855:
4830:
4827:
4818:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4791:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4746:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4698:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4670:
4667:
4496:Ovoidites parvus
4450:Taxaceoxylon sp.
4287:
4226:bold is defining
4215:
4128:bold is defining
4117:
3776:Eomiodon cutleri
3757:bold is defining
3746:
3654:bold is defining
3643:
3454:
3410:
3353:
3336:- now known as "
3293:, a species of
3283:Middle Dinosaur
3246:Caudal vertebra
3200:Middle Dinosaur
3161:Middle Dinosaur
2983:
2559:. The new genus
2395:
2328:Middle Dinosaur
2277:
2264:rhamphorhynchoid
2251:R. tendagurensis
2102:Middle Dinosaur
2051:
2020:Paramacellodidae
1983:
1957:Middle Dinosaur
1944:Tendagurutherium
1926:Middle Dinosaur
1844:, later renamed
1834:Middle Dinosaur
1783:
1765:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1692:
1662:Magallanes Basin
1205:- low water line
946:Middle Dinosaur
788:
733:Early Cretaceous
472:Early Cretaceous
447:of southeastern
401:
400:
394:
333:
331:
330:
308:
307:
305:
304:
303:
298:
294:
291:
290:
289:
286:
269:
268:
266:
265:
264:
259:
255:
252:
251:
250:
247:
130:
121:
58:
30:
21:
7817:
7816:
7812:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7806:
7722:
7721:
7720:
7715:
7677:
7658:Mkia wa Ng'ombe
7634:
7611:
7593:
7575:
7537:
7519:
7501:
7468:
7449:
7431:
7393:
7375:
7352:
7314:
7286:
7263:
7245:
7202:
7192:
7190:
7160:
7155:
7138:
7102:
7071:
7052:
7028:
6995:Mbwemkuru River
6983:
6952:
6931:
6895:
6881:Liwale District
6854:
6844:
6839:
6803:
6801:
6799:
6773:
6766:
6764:
6760:
6719:
6706:
6694:
6692:
6678:
6669:
6657:
6655:
6624:
6619:
6612:
6610:
6579:
6567:
6565:
6536:
6531:
6524:
6522:
6506:
6486:
6431:
6424:
6422:
6401:
6394:
6392:
6357:
6350:
6348:
6325:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6295:
6285:
6280:
6278:
6249:
6244:
6237:
6235:
6212:
6200:
6198:
6167:
6150:
6114:
6107:
6105:
6074:
6069:
6053:
6046:
6044:
6015:
6009:Kellner, A.W.A.
6006:
5989:
5987:
5973:
5968:
5961:
5959:
5951:
5944:
5942:
5928:
5924:, Éric (2012),
5920:
5913:
5911:
5899:
5894:
5887:
5885:
5864:
5860:Paurodon valens
5855:
5838:
5836:
5807:
5802:
5788:
5786:
5778:
5771:
5754:
5752:
5715:
5710:
5693:
5691:
5660:
5655:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5624:
5619:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5598:
5591:
5586:
5579:
5574:
5557:
5552:
5535:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5512:
5507:
5503:
5498:
5494:
5489:
5485:
5480:
5476:
5471:
5467:
5462:
5458:
5453:
5449:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5401:
5397:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5345:
5340:
5336:
5322:
5321:
5302:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5270:
5266:
5261:
5257:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5239:
5234:
5227:
5222:
5213:
5208:
5201:
5196:
5192:
5187:
5183:
5178:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5160:
5153:
5148:
5129:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5078:
5073:
5069:
5064:
5051:
5046:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5025:
5021:
5016:
5012:
5007:
5003:
4998:
4969:
4962:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4935:
4933:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4905:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4884:
4873:
4868:
4861:
4856:
4833:
4828:
4821:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4776:
4771:
4767:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4726:
4722:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4614:Mugher Mudstone
4608:Usili Formation
4602:Manda Formation
4587:
4574:Middle Dinosaur
4573:
4550:Middle Dinosaur
4549:
4524:Middle Dinosaur
4523:
4511:Dinoflagellates
4501:Middle Dinosaur
4434:Middle Dinosaur
4406:Ginkgoxylon sp.
4383:Cycadoxylon sp.
4343:
4285:
4250:Middle Dinosaur
4225:
4213:
4127:
4115:
3987:L. kindopeensis
3933:Middle Dinosaur
3756:
3744:
3699:Middle Dinosaur
3677:Middle Dinosaur
3653:
3641:
3636:
3514:Middle Dinosaur
3452:
3439:Middle Dinosaur
3408:
3351:
3349:Crocodyliformes
3322:Upper Dinosaur
3126:Upper Dinosaur
3113:Ostafrikasaurus
3057:Upper Dinosaur
3046:Megalosauroidea
3032:Upper Dinosaur
2981:
2925:Upper Dinosaur
2915:Flagellicaudata
2894:Upper Dinosaur
2855:Upper Dinosaur
2818:Upper Dinosaur
2796:, and thus now
2661:Upper Dinosaur
2654:T. tanzaniensis
2456:Somphospondylan
2446:Upper Dinosaur
2393:
2275:
2245:Rhamphorhynchus
2171:Upper Dinosaur
2163:dsungaripteroid
2122:?Indeterminate
2089:Tendaguripterus
2049:
1981:
1890:Upper Dinosaur
1883:B. tendagurense
1859:
1781:
1763:
1706:
1690:
1658:Toqui Formation
1598:Kimmeridge Clay
1587:
1575:
1555:
1538:Werner Janensch
1530:
1458:palaeontologist
1422:
1256:Bythocypris sp.
1197:
1190:
1125:basement rocks
1076:
1071:
1005:Lower Dinosaur
998:
969:
899:Upper Dinosaur
858:
820:
756:
744:Werner Janensch
706:
670:Toqui Formation
468:Middle Jurassic
443:located in the
410:
409:
408:
407:
404:
403:
402:
328:
326:
301:
299:
295:
292:
287:
284:
282:
280:
279:
262:
260:
256:
253:
248:
245:
243:
241:
240:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
53:
52:
50:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7815:
7813:
7805:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7777:Tidal deposits
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7724:
7723:
7717:
7716:
7714:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7687:
7685:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7644:
7642:
7636:
7635:
7633:
7632:
7627:
7621:
7619:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7609:
7603:
7601:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7591:
7585:
7583:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7547:
7545:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7529:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7517:
7511:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7497:Kisimani Mafia
7494:
7489:
7484:
7478:
7476:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7466:
7459:
7457:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7441:
7439:
7437:Manyara Region
7433:
7432:
7430:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7407:Kilwa Kisiwani
7403:
7401:
7395:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7385:
7383:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7362:
7360:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7324:
7322:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7296:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7273:
7271:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7259:Kunduchi Ruins
7255:
7253:
7247:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7212:
7210:
7204:
7203:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7181:
7174:
7166:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7144:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7129:Kilwa Kisiwani
7126:
7121:
7116:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7083:Kilwa Kisiwani
7079:
7077:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7060:
7058:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7047:
7042:
7036:
7034:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7015:Lukuledi River
7012:
7007:
7005:Lukuliro River
7002:
6997:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6969:Kilwa Kisiwani
6966:
6960:
6958:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6945:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6903:
6901:
6900:Native Peoples
6897:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6871:Lindi District
6868:
6866:Kilwa District
6862:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6830:
6823:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6797:
6771:
6732:(3): 787–806,
6704:
6667:
6637:(1): 171–183,
6617:
6594:(3): 653–667,
6577:
6529:
6504:
6484:
6429:
6399:
6376:(3): 618–634,
6362:Zby atlanticus
6355:
6340:(3): 784–909,
6323:
6312:
6293:
6262:(1): 185–199,
6242:
6227:(4): 269–290,
6210:
6148:
6112:
6089:(3): 331–342,
6072:
6051:
6028:(4): 813–818,
6004:
5966:
5949:
5918:
5892:
5877:(3): 326–340,
5853:
5820:(1): 207–230,
5799:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5769:
5728:(2): 141–174,
5708:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5622:
5610:
5601:
5589:
5577:
5555:
5533:
5524:
5510:
5501:
5492:
5483:
5474:
5465:
5456:
5447:
5404:
5395:
5352:
5343:
5334:
5300:
5291:
5282:
5273:
5264:
5255:
5246:
5237:
5225:
5211:
5199:
5190:
5181:
5172:
5163:
5151:
5127:
5115:
5085:
5076:
5067:
5049:
5037:
5035:Heinrich, 2004
5028:
5019:
5010:
5001:
4967:
4960:
4942:
4931:Science | AAAS
4917:
4908:
4896:
4887:
4871:
4859:
4831:
4819:
4810:
4801:
4792:
4783:
4774:
4765:
4756:
4747:
4738:
4729:
4720:
4711:
4699:
4690:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4568:
4563:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4544:
4539:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4453:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4409:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4386:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4363:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4344:Lower Dinosaur
4338:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4319:Lower Dinosaur
4317:
4314:Araucariacites
4310:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4264:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4242:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4164:Meandrophyllia
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4079:Lower Dinosaur
4077:
4072:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4058:Lower Dinosaur
4056:
4051:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4037:Lower Dinosaur
4035:
4030:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4012:
4007:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3954:Lower Dinosaur
3952:
3947:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3926:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3912:Lower Dinosaur
3910:
3905:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3868:Lower Dinosaur
3866:
3864:Acesta cutleri
3861:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3834:
3829:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3815:Lower Dinosaur
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3797:
3792:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:Upper Dinosaur
3778:
3773:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3753:
3750:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3727:
3725:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3691:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3650:
3647:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3619:
3617:
3616:Upper Dinosaur
3614:
3608:
3600:
3599:
3590:
3588:
3587:Upper Dinosaur
3585:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3561:
3559:
3558:Upper Dinosaur
3556:
3550:
3542:
3541:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3499:
3498:
3489:
3487:
3486:Upper Dinosaur
3484:
3479:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3319:Quarry St, MW
3317:
3312:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3280:Quarry St, MW
3278:
3273:
3265:
3264:
3254:
3251:Ceratosauridae
3247:
3244:
3241:
3240:Quarry St, MW
3238:
3233:
3225:
3224:
3215:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3142:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3098:
3093:elaphrosaurine
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3051:Indeterminate
3049:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3026:Indeterminate
3024:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2947:The Archbishop
2942:
2941:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2920:Indeterminate
2918:
2911:
2910:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:Indeterminate
2886:
2879:
2878:
2869:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2849:Indeterminate
2847:
2840:
2839:
2830:
2822:
2821:Partial skull
2819:
2816:
2813:
2812:Indeterminate
2810:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Mkoawa Mtwara
2745:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:Mamenchisaurid
2724:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:Nambango site
2656:
2651:
2643:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2620:and two right
2614:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2585:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2523:
2522:Dicraeosaurid
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2359:K. aethiopicus
2356:
2348:
2347:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2315:Dysalotosaurus
2310:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2282:Ornithischians
2274:
2273:Ornithischians
2271:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2255:Mkoawa Mtwara
2253:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2231:Mkoawa Mtwara
2229:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:Mkoawa Mtwara
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:pterodactyloid
2198:
2196:
2194:
2193:Mkoawa Mtwara
2191:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:Indeterminate
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2150:Mkoawa Mtwara
2148:
2146:
2142:Indeterminate
2139:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2130:Mkoawa Mtwara
2128:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2025:Indeterminate
2023:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1896:Either a stem-
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1877:Brancatherulum
1872:
1871:
1869:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1827:A. aenigmatica
1824:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1788:Mammaliaformes
1780:
1779:Mammaliaformes
1777:
1774:
1773:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1688:Fossil content
1686:
1606:Sables de Glos
1604:, and France (
1586:
1583:
1574:
1571:
1554:
1551:
1529:
1526:
1472:British Museum
1461:Eberhard Fraas
1454:Wamwera people
1438:Mbemkure River
1421:
1418:
1401:
1400:
1377:
1376:
1292:
1291:
1243:
1242:
1219:
1218:
1189:
1186:
1173:South Atlantic
1075:
1074:Paleogeography
1072:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1050:Neoproterozoic
1047:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1021:Early Jurassic
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
992:
991:
982:
979:
976:
971:
963:
962:
953:
950:
947:
943:
942:
938:
937:
928:
925:
922:
916:
915:
906:
903:
900:
897:
893:
892:
889:
883:
882:
873:
870:
867:
862:
853:
847:
846:
843:
838:
835:
834:
832:
829:
826:
824:
814:
808:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
755:
752:
727:consisting of
722:Neoproterozoic
705:
702:
668:in China, the
618:Sables de Glos
579:crocodyliforms
457:Neoproterozoic
430:Tendaguru Beds
412:
411:
405:
396:
395:
389:
388:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
375:
374:
365:
361:
360:
359:Tendaguru Hill
357:
353:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
337:
324:
320:
319:
314:
310:
309:
277:
271:
270:
238:
232:
231:
227:
226:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
169:Neoproterozoic
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
123:
122:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
59:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7814:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7680:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7641:
7637:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7614:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7599:Zanzibar West
7596:
7590:
7587:
7586:
7584:
7582:
7578:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7551:Tongoni Ruins
7549:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7540:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7526:
7525:Tabora Region
7522:
7516:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7477:
7475:
7471:
7465:Historic Town
7464:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7455:Mtwara Region
7452:
7446:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7438:
7434:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7422:Sanje ya Kati
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7358:Kigoma Region
7355:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7320:Kagera Region
7317:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7292:Iringa Region
7289:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7269:Dodoma Region
7266:
7260:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7252:
7248:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7216:Olduvai Gorge
7214:
7213:
7211:
7209:
7208:Arusha Region
7205:
7201:
7196:
7187:
7182:
7180:
7175:
7173:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7141:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7124:Sanje ya Kati
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7088:Nan'goma Cave
7086:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7031:
7024:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7010:Matandu River
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6986:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6898:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6847:
6843:
6836:
6831:
6829:
6824:
6822:
6817:
6816:
6813:
6800:
6798:0-520-24209-2
6794:
6790:
6789:
6784:
6780:
6779:Dodson, Peter
6776:
6772:
6763:on 2019-04-02
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6727:
6726:
6718:
6716:
6712:
6705:
6702:
6690:
6686:
6685:
6677:
6675:
6674:Dicraeosaurus
6668:
6665:
6653:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6631:
6630:Fossil Record
6623:
6618:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6588:
6587:Palaeontology
6583:
6578:
6575:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6543:
6542:Fossil Record
6535:
6530:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6477:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6430:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6400:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6363:
6356:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6315:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6300:
6294:
6291:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6256:
6255:Fossil Record
6248:
6243:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6208:
6196:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6174:
6173:Fossil Record
6166:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6117:Geology Today
6113:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6066:
6062:
6061:
6056:
6052:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6022:
6014:
6010:
6007:Costa, F.R.;
6005:
6002:
5997:
5985:
5981:
5980:
5972:
5967:
5957:
5956:
5950:
5940:
5936:
5935:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5909:
5905:
5898:
5893:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5863:
5861:
5854:
5851:
5846:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5814:
5813:Fossil Record
5806:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5795:
5784:
5783:Chatham House
5777:
5776:
5770:
5767:
5762:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5721:Fossil Record
5714:
5709:
5706:
5701:
5689:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5666:Fossil Record
5659:
5654:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5605:
5602:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5505:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5487:
5484:
5478:
5475:
5469:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5408:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5356:
5353:
5347:
5344:
5338:
5335:
5330:
5326:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5295:
5292:
5286:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5250:
5247:
5241:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5185:
5182:
5176:
5173:
5167:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5118:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5089:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5071:
5068:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5029:
5023:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5005:
5002:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4957:
4953:
4946:
4943:
4932:
4928:
4921:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4778:
4775:
4769:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4751:
4748:
4742:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4691:
4685:
4682:
4676:
4666:
4663:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:Zygnemataceae
4488:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4309:
4308:Araucariaceae
4306:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4054:Nanogyra nana
4052:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4027:Meleagrinella
4024:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3741:
3732:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3667:Pseudomelania
3664:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3638:
3634:Invertebrates
3633:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3438:
3436:indeterminate
3435:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:C. roechlingi
3234:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:Elaphrosaurus
3069:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:Abelisauridae
3018:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2764:B. altithorax
2762:type species
2761:
2760:Brachiosaurus
2757:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2737:Brachiosaurus
2733:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2709:Wamweracaudia
2706:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2582:B. altithorax
2579:
2576:
2575:Brachiosaurus
2572:
2568:
2567:Brachiosaurus
2564:
2563:
2558:
2557:Brachiosaurid
2555:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:Dicraeosaurid
2488:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:D. hansemanni
2477:
2475:
2474:
2473:Dicraeosaurus
2469:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2433:Australodocus
2430:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2183:Pterodactylus
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1929:Single tooth
1928:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1866:gondwanathere
1863:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1771:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1561:and possible
1560:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1498:Gigantosaurus
1493:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:coastal plain
1374:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1300:trace fossils
1297:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:Rufiji Trough
1108:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:Mandawa Basin
1085:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1002:
997:
996:Mid Oxfordian
994:
993:
987:
983:
980:
977:
975:
972:
968:
965:
964:
958:
954:
951:
948:
945:
944:
939:
933:
921:
917:
911:
907:
904:
901:
898:
894:
891:Unconformity
888:
885:
884:
878:
874:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
857:
854:
852:
848:
845:Unconformity
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
825:
823:
819:
815:
813:
810:
809:
805:
799:
790:
789:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
753:
751:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
723:
719:
718:Mandawa Basin
710:
703:
701:
699:
698:
693:
692:
687:
686:
681:
680:
679:Brachiosaurus
675:
672:of Chile and
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
591:invertebrates
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:mammaliaforms
564:
560:
557:
556:Late Jurassic
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
527:
526:coastal plain
523:
520:
516:
515:conglomerates
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
453:Mandawa Basin
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
434:fossiliferous
432:are a highly
431:
427:
418:
393:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
346:
345:Mandawa Basin
343:
339:
336:
325:
321:
318:
315:
311:
306:
297:29.4°S 16.7°E
278:
276:
272:
267:
239:
237:
233:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:
202:
199:
196:
192:
187:
183:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
129:
124:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
57:
54:165–130
49:
45:
40:
36:
31:
19:
7696:Pujini Ruins
7571:Yambe Island
7556:Toten Island
7543:Tanga Region
7507:Rukwa Region
7474:Pwani Region
7399:Lindi Region
7045:Kilwa Masoko
7025:Lake Lutamba
7000:Mavuji River
6942:
6842:Lindi Region
6802:, retrieved
6787:
6765:, retrieved
6758:the original
6729:
6723:
6714:
6710:
6693:, retrieved
6688:
6682:
6673:
6656:, retrieved
6634:
6628:
6611:, retrieved
6591:
6585:
6566:, retrieved
6549:(1): 23–46,
6546:
6540:
6523:, retrieved
6518:
6512:
6499:
6495:
6492:Giraffatitan
6491:
6439:
6433:
6423:, retrieved
6411:
6407:
6393:, retrieved
6373:
6367:
6361:
6349:, retrieved
6337:
6331:
6317:, retrieved
6298:
6279:, retrieved
6259:
6253:
6236:, retrieved
6224:
6218:
6199:, retrieved
6177:
6171:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6120:
6116:
6106:, retrieved
6086:
6080:
6064:
6058:
6045:, retrieved
6025:
6019:
5988:, retrieved
5983:
5977:
5960:, retrieved
5954:
5943:, retrieved
5938:
5932:
5912:, retrieved
5907:
5904:Zitteliana B
5903:
5886:, retrieved
5874:
5868:
5859:
5837:, retrieved
5817:
5811:
5797:Paleontology
5787:, retrieved
5774:
5753:, retrieved
5725:
5719:
5692:, retrieved
5673:(1): 19–44,
5670:
5664:
5645:Bibliography
5604:
5527:
5504:
5495:
5486:
5477:
5468:
5459:
5450:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5398:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5346:
5337:
5328:
5324:
5294:
5285:
5276:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5240:
5193:
5184:
5175:
5170:Galton, 1980
5166:
5120:, retrieved
5098:
5088:
5079:
5070:
5031:
5022:
5013:
5004:
4951:
4945:
4934:. Retrieved
4930:
4920:
4911:
4890:
4813:
4804:
4795:
4786:
4777:
4768:
4759:
4750:
4741:
4732:
4723:
4714:
4693:
4684:
4665:
4570:
4565:
4546:
4541:
4520:
4515:
4494:
4478:
4471:
4467:Prasinophyta
4455:
4448:
4427:
4411:
4404:
4388:
4381:
4365:
4358:
4354:Cupressaceae
4340:
4335:Classopollis
4333:
4312:
4266:
4259:
4244:
4237:
4198:
4192:
4185:
4174:
4169:
4162:
4151:
4146:
4139:
4100:
4095:
4088:
4074:
4067:
4053:
4046:
4032:
4025:
4014:
4009:
4002:
3991:
3986:
3975:
3970:
3963:
3949:
3942:
3928:
3923:Falcimytilus
3921:
3907:
3900:
3889:
3884:
3879:Actinostreon
3877:
3863:
3856:
3847:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:Rutitrigonia
3824:
3811:I. dietrichi
3810:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:Indotrigonia
3787:
3775:
3768:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3708:
3694:Promathildia
3693:
3688:Promathildia
3686:
3672:
3665:
3610:
3603:
3581:
3574:
3552:
3545:
3523:
3509:
3502:
3481:
3474:
3386:
3381:Bernissartia
3379:
3337:
3332:Megalosaurus
3329:
3314:
3307:
3296:Ceratosaurus
3294:
3291:ceratosaurid
3275:
3268:
3261:Ceratosaurus
3235:
3230:Ceratosaurus
3228:
3212:Allosauridae
3192:
3185:
3164:"Vertebrae"
3153:
3146:
3118:
3111:
3077:
3070:
2986:
2962:Giraffatitan
2961:
2883:Diplodocidae
2862:
2844:Diplodocidae
2825:
2807:Diplodocinae
2798:Giraffatitan
2797:
2793:
2789:
2777:
2768:Giraffatitan
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2742:
2735:
2714:
2707:
2684:
2677:
2653:
2646:
2605:
2598:
2581:
2578:type species
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:Giraffatitan
2560:
2543:
2538:Giraffatitan
2536:
2508:
2478:
2471:
2451:World War II
2438:
2431:
2398:
2358:
2353:Kentrosaurus
2351:
2320:
2313:
2280:
2250:
2243:
2226:
2208:
2188:
2181:
2094:
2087:
2054:
2038:Unconfirmed
1986:
1950:T. dietrichi
1949:
1942:
1934:amphilestids
1919:T. janenschi
1918:
1913:Tendagurodon
1911:
1902:dryolestidan
1887:Unspecified
1882:
1875:
1860:Assigned to
1849:
1845:
1841:
1826:
1819:
1786:
1769:
1760:
1703:
1591:
1588:
1576:
1556:
1542:Edwin Hennig
1531:
1518:
1511:
1508:G. africanus
1507:
1503:
1495:
1485:
1480:von Bismarck
1465:
1431:
1404:
1402:
1396:
1389:
1386:argillaceous
1378:
1364:Classopollis
1362:
1358:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1326:
1324:
1308:
1305:tidal deltas
1295:
1293:
1287:
1270:
1260:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1198:
1169:Tethys Ocean
1158:
1153:
1150:
1115:Ruvuma Basin
1089:
973:
967:Kimmeridgian
919:
864:
850:
779:
775:
771:
757:
754:Stratigraphy
748:Edwin Hennig
741:
715:
697:Kentrosaurus
695:
691:Giraffatitan
689:
683:
677:
610:Oxford Clays
603:
553:
544:
498:
494:
490:
488:
464:unconformity
455:, overlying
445:Lindi Region
429:
425:
423:
378:Year defined
351:Type section
317:Lindi Region
258:9.7°S 39.2°E
220:conglomerate
7691:Mkama Ndume
7663:Msuka Mjini
7630:Kuumbi Cave
7625:Unguja Ukuu
7487:Kaole Ruins
7417:Songo Mnara
7348:Bweranyange
7149:Husni Kubwa
7114:Songo Mnara
7019:Lake Maliwe
6442:(9): 1–11,
6414:: 223–232,
6286:(in German)
6155:Allostaffia
6070:(in German)
5197:Remes, 2007
4906:Fraas, 1908
4894:Maier, 2003
4423:Taxodiaceae
4400:Ginkgoaceae
4245:Bythocypris
4239:Bythocypris
4193:Thamnoseris
4187:Thamnoseris
4141:Astrocoenia
4069:Protocardia
3944:Grammatodon
3848:R. schwarzi
3338:Torvosaurus
3309:Torvosaurus
3276:L. stechowi
3270:Labrosaurus
3187:?Allosaurus
3078:E. bambergi
2891:Trench XIV
2715:W. keranjei
2685:T. africana
2628:neosauropod
2509:D. sattleri
2218:Tibiotarsi
1856:foraminifer
1846:Allostaffia
1821:Allostaffia
1770:crossed out
1749:Morphotaxon
1676:in central
1602:Oxford Clay
1563:restitution
1504:G. robustus
1335:concretions
1333:, reworked
1277:charophytes
1247:tidal flats
1231:tempestites
1139:Songo Songo
860:Valanginian
856:Hauterivian
794:Time period
704:Description
685:Stegosaurus
529:environment
517:with minor
480:Hauterivian
441:Lagerstätte
302:-29.4; 16.7
300: /
261: /
236:Coordinates
48:Hauterivian
7726:Categories
7310:Mlambalasi
7236:Mumba Cave
6948:Lindi Town
6804:2019-02-21
6767:2019-04-01
6695:2019-04-01
6658:2019-04-02
6613:2019-04-01
6568:2019-04-02
6525:2019-04-01
6425:2019-04-01
6395:2019-04-01
6351:2020-04-14
6319:2019-04-01
6281:2019-04-02
6238:2019-04-01
6201:2019-04-02
6180:(1): 153,
6108:2020-04-14
6047:2019-04-01
5990:2019-04-01
5962:2019-04-01
5945:2019-04-01
5914:2019-04-01
5888:2019-04-01
5839:2019-04-02
5789:2019-04-02
5755:2019-04-01
5694:2019-04-02
5420:: 102458.
5368:: 102781.
5331:: 195–239.
5122:2024-01-11
4961:0253342147
4936:2021-06-15
4677:References
4534:Gymnosperm
4377:Cycadaceae
4004:Lithophaga
3639:Gastropods
3582:Lonchidion
3576:Lonchidion
3476:Engaibatis
3431:?Salientia
3406:Amphibians
3197:Quarry TL
3158:Quarry St
3154:V. milneri
3123:Quarry Om
3054:Quarry MW
3029:Quarry TL
2928:Braincase
2852:Kijenjere
2827:Diplodocus
2815:Kijenjere
2794:B. brancai
2756:B. brancai
2743:B. brancai
2699:Diplodocid
2648:Tendaguria
2631:eusauropod
2606:J. robusta
2600:Janenschia
2571:B. brancai
2544:G. brancai
2439:A. bohetii
2336:dryosaurid
2325:Quarry Ig
2227:P. arningi
2209:P. brancai
2189:P. maximus
2144:azhdarchid
2099:Quarry Ig
2056:Pterosaurs
2047:Pterosaurs
1954:Quarry Ig
1923:Quarry Ig
1868:instead).
1862:Haramiyida
1831:Quarry Ig
1766:small text
1735:Ichnotaxon
1656:, and the
1559:provenance
1513:Janenschia
1331:mud clasts
1146:gas fields
1131:Madagascar
1107:Ruvu Basin
1103:rift basin
970:Oxfordian
896:Tithonian
887:Berriasian
606:Kimmeridge
583:amphibians
569:, several
537:lacustrine
522:limestones
511:siltstones
503:sandstones
263:-9.7; 39.2
44:?Callovian
7607:Stonetown
7463:Mikindani
7338:Nyabusora
7098:Kongowele
7022:Lake Mkoe
6859:Districts
6850:Capital:
6521:: 195–239
6420:1524-4156
6145:0266-6979
6067:: 105–144
5922:Buffetaut
5750:1435-1943
5442:213672502
5390:224842133
4211:Ostracods
4090:Seebachia
3722:Nerinella
3710:Nerinella
3611:Sphenodus
3605:Sphenodus
3504:Lepidotes
3368:Material
3362:Location
3208:Tetanurae
3096:noasaurid
3008:Material
3002:Location
2988:Theropods
2979:Theropods
2790:B. fraasi
2778:B. fraasi
2679:Tornieria
2669:turiasaur
2569:species,
2443:Quarry G
2420:Material
2414:Location
2400:Sauropods
2391:Sauropods
2374:stegosaur
2302:Material
2296:Location
2076:Material
2070:Location
2034:osteoderm
2008:Material
2002:Location
1988:Squamates
1979:Squamates
1965:peramurid
1963:Either a
1898:zatherian
1808:Material
1802:Location
1704:Color key
1682:Argentina
1678:Patagonia
1642:Shishugou
1622:Guimarota
1546:Hans Reck
1520:Tornieria
1488:Stuttgart
1316:limestone
1235:Nerinella
1227:sand bars
1223:Nerinella
1215:Nerinella
1165:Laurasian
1094:, a post-
1038:Paleozoic
1001:Callovian
974:Nerinella
851:Tendaguru
841:Barremian
803:Thickness
800:Lithology
791:Formation
772:Nerinella
658:Shishugou
638:Guimarota
575:dinosaurs
491:Nerinella
484:Callovian
476:Oxfordian
437:formation
356:Named for
224:limestone
212:siltstone
198:Sandstone
189:Lithology
181:Thickness
155:Underlies
145:Sub-units
18:Tendaguru
7711:Shamiani
7701:Chambani
7482:Bagamoyo
7445:Luxmanda
7343:Katuruka
7333:Katuruka
7226:Engaruka
6917:Machinga
6785:(2004),
6754:15220647
6496:Hunteria
6476:20838442
6435:PLoS ONE
6042:19893904
6011:(2009),
4585:See also
4444:Taxaceae
4267:Cypridea
4261:Cypridea
4048:Nanogyra
3965:Liostrea
3902:Entolium
3770:Eomiodon
3742:Bivalves
3359:Species
3334:" ingens
3203:A tibia
3129:"Tooth"
2999:Species
2411:Species
2293:Species
2174:Humerus
2135:Humerus
2095:T. recki
2067:Species
1999:Species
1799:Species
1668:and the
1630:Portugal
1618:Alcobaça
1522:africana
1446:Tanzania
1390:Cypridea
1369:conifers
1272:Cypridea
1267:brackish
1262:Eomiodon
1251:lagoonal
1182:trenches
1161:Gondwana
1143:Kiliwani
1127:crop out
1100:Mesozoic
1086:with S1.
1045:Basement
1031:Triassic
782:Member.
768:lagoonal
725:basement
646:Portugal
634:Alcobaça
460:basement
449:Tanzania
368:Janensch
364:Named by
335:Tanzania
230:Location
175:basement
165:Overlies
149:See text
7589:Tumbatu
7561:Pangani
7412:Kivinje
7305:Kalenga
7221:Laetoli
6957:Islands
6927:Makonde
6907:Matumbi
6734:Bibcode
6691:: 81–98
6639:Bibcode
6596:Bibcode
6551:Bibcode
6467:2933236
6444:Bibcode
6378:Bibcode
6264:Bibcode
6182:Bibcode
6163:Staffia
6159:Staffia
6125:Bibcode
6091:Bibcode
5934:Oryctos
5910:: 1–264
5822:Bibcode
5730:Bibcode
5675:Bibcode
5650:Geology
5422:Bibcode
5370:Bibcode
4566:various
4542:various
4516:various
4302:Images
4232:Images
4221:Species
4134:Images
4123:Species
3763:Images
3752:Species
3660:Images
3649:Species
3553:Hybodus
3547:Hybodus
3469:Images
3460:Species
3425:Images
3416:Species
3374:Images
3365:Member
3048:indet.
3023:indet.
3014:Images
3005:Member
2917:indet.
2885:indet.
2846:indet.
2809:indet.
2426:Images
2417:Member
2308:Images
2299:Member
2082:Images
2073:Member
2014:Images
2005:Member
1851:Staffia
1842:Staffia
1814:Images
1805:Member
1742:Ootaxon
1672:of the
1660:of the
1646:Kalazha
1616:), the
1515:robusta
1510:(today
1492:Germany
1450:Mtapaia
1444:(today
1355:tsunami
1313:oolitic
1119:Archean
1025:Hiatus
812:Makonde
662:Kalazha
614:England
541:tsunami
533:fluvial
519:oolitic
470:to the
323:Country
288:16°42′E
285:29°24′S
249:39°12′E
194:Primary
7668:Mduuni
7648:Chwaka
7277:Kondoa
7241:Peninj
7049:Liwale
6922:Ngindo
6795:
6752:
6502:: 1–14
6474:
6464:
6418:
6310:
6143:
6040:
5748:
5440:
5388:
5113:
4958:
4561:spores
4537:pollen
4296:Member
4224:Member
4126:Member
3858:Acesta
3755:Member
3652:Member
3463:Member
3419:Member
3371:Notes
3356:Genus
3325:Teeth
3286:Teeth
3011:Notes
2996:Genus
2622:ischia
2423:Notes
2408:Genus
2305:Notes
2290:Genus
2079:Notes
2064:Genus
2011:Notes
1996:Genus
1967:or an
1811:Notes
1796:Genus
1640:, the
1632:, the
1434:German
1399:Member
1320:shoals
1290:Member
1217:Member
1057:Gneiss
822:Aptian
818:Albian
816:Early
806:Image
797:Member
764:facies
729:gneiss
656:, the
648:, the
632:, the
630:France
616:, the
571:genera
563:Africa
559:strata
507:shales
372:Hennig
370:&
341:Extent
332:
313:Region
246:9°42′S
172:gneiss
7653:Tumbe
7566:Vugha
7366:Ujiji
7040:Lindi
6912:Mwera
6852:Lindi
6761:(PDF)
6750:S2CID
6720:(PDF)
6679:(PDF)
6625:(PDF)
6537:(PDF)
6250:(PDF)
6168:(PDF)
6055:Fraas
6016:(PDF)
5986:: 608
5974:(PDF)
5941:: 1–8
5929:(PDF)
5900:(PDF)
5865:(PDF)
5808:(PDF)
5779:(PDF)
5716:(PDF)
5661:(PDF)
5438:S2CID
5386:S2CID
4657:Notes
4299:Notes
4290:Group
4283:Flora
4229:Notes
4218:Genus
4131:Notes
4120:Genus
4113:Coral
3760:Notes
3749:Genus
3657:Notes
3646:Genus
3466:Notes
3457:Genus
3433:indet
3422:Notes
3413:Genus
3387:B. sp
3340:sp".
3315:T. sp
2618:pubis
1761:Notes
1713:Taxon
1666:Chile
1654:China
1638:Spain
1414:ferns
1281:algae
1096:Karoo
654:Spain
595:flora
428:, or
208:Shale
204:Other
6793:ISBN
6488:Paul
6472:PMID
6416:ISSN
6308:ISBN
6141:ISSN
6038:PMID
5746:ISSN
5111:ISBN
4956:ISBN
4293:Taxa
3450:Fish
2626:non-
1648:and
1624:and
1600:and
1532:The
1517:and
1506:and
1343:and
1141:and
1121:and
1109:and
694:and
682:and
664:and
640:and
608:and
593:and
587:fish
535:and
439:and
424:The
381:1914
216:clay
135:Type
62:PreꞒ
6742:doi
6647:doi
6604:doi
6559:doi
6462:PMC
6452:doi
6386:doi
6342:doi
6338:185
6272:doi
6229:doi
6190:doi
6133:doi
6099:doi
6030:doi
5879:doi
5875:319
5830:doi
5738:doi
5683:doi
5430:doi
5378:doi
5366:103
5103:doi
4269:sp.
4247:sp.
4195:sp.
3696:sp.
3613:sp.
3584:sp.
3555:sp.
3526:sp.
3091:An
2032:An
1900:or
1848:as
1652:of
1636:of
1628:of
1440:in
1203:LWL
1199:HWL
652:of
644:of
628:of
612:of
573:of
561:in
478:to
7728::
6781:;
6777:;
6748:,
6740:,
6730:29
6728:,
6722:,
6689:59
6687:,
6681:,
6645:,
6633:,
6627:,
6602:,
6592:50
6590:,
6584:,
6557:,
6547:12
6545:,
6539:,
6519:86
6517:,
6511:,
6498:,
6470:,
6460:,
6450:,
6438:,
6412:36
6410:,
6406:,
6384:,
6374:34
6372:,
6366:,
6336:,
6330:,
6302:,
6270:,
6258:,
6252:,
6223:,
6217:,
6188:,
6176:,
6170:,
6139:,
6131:,
6121:27
6119:,
6097:,
6087:54
6085:,
6079:,
6065:55
6063:,
6036:,
6026:81
6024:,
6018:,
5984:48
5982:,
5976:,
5939:10
5937:,
5931:,
5908:28
5906:,
5902:,
5873:,
5867:,
5828:,
5816:,
5810:,
5781:,
5744:,
5736:,
5726:12
5724:,
5718:,
5681:,
5669:,
5663:,
5625:^
5613:^
5592:^
5580:^
5558:^
5536:^
5513:^
5436:.
5428:.
5418:98
5416:.
5384:.
5376:.
5364:.
5329:86
5327:.
5303:^
5228:^
5214:^
5202:^
5154:^
5130:^
5109:,
5097:,
5052:^
5040:^
4970:^
4929:.
4899:^
4874:^
4862:^
4834:^
4822:^
4702:^
3524:L.
3289:A
3214:'
3171:.
2949:"
2770:.
2667:A
2580:,
2372:A
2334:A
2266:"
2022:?
1904:.
1768:;
1684:.
1680:,
1664:,
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