643:
921:
in that the former refers to the abduction of one woman by one man (and his friends and relatives), and is still a widespread practice, whereas the latter refers to the large scale abduction of women by groups of men, possibly in a time of war. The classic example from Roman mythology or history was
966:
usually did not object to its purpose. Sometimes the girl genuinely did not wish to be married, although usually girls were conditioned from childhood to look forward to the day, and to believe that marriage and childbearing are the fulfilment of life. A modern interpretation of this practice
866:, is not restricted to South Africa. The practice of a man abducting the woman he wishes to marry has existed around the world and throughout prehistory and history. It still occurs in various parts of the world, especially in the Caucasus and Central Asia.
975:
Many of the abductees are reported to be under-aged girls, including some as young as eight. The practice received negative publicity, with media reporting in 2009 that more than 20 Eastern Cape girls are forced to drop out of school every month because of
527:
502:
558:
553:
497:
987:
in 2009, there were instances of young girls from orphanages, being forced into marriages to older men. There have been instances of young girls being forced into illegal marriages to old
195:
512:
889:, in which a couple runs away together and seeks the consent of their parents later. In some cases, the woman cooperates with or accedes to the kidnapping, typically in an effort to
160:
1051:
609:
1082:
1470:
962:
traditionally required the culprit to pay one or more head of cattle to the father or legal guardian of the girl. Unsuspecting girls who had not consented to
1455:
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488:
479:
230:
543:
783:
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is focusing on preventive measures to empower women to report cases of exploitation and mobilizing community action for such incidents.
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was once an acceptable way for two young people in love to get married when their families opposed the match (and so actually a form of
807:, often without the consent of her parents. These "marriages by capture" occur mainly in rural parts of South Africa, in particular the
1417:
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437:
82:
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was assumed to be a historical practice, hence the Latin term, but the 21st century has seen a resurgence of
19:
This article is about South
African term for bride kidnapping. For South African Culture-bound syndrome, see
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intended to achieve a traditional law marriage.(Bennett
Customary Law in South Africa -2004)
897:. Even in countries where the practice is against the law, if judicial enforcement is weak,
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447:
432:
309:
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118:
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for herself or her parents. In many jurisdictions, this used to be encouraged by so-called
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469:
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340:
299:
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1304:"Benign Accommodation? Ukuthwala, 'forced marriage' and the South African Children's Act"
1052:"The Legal Resources Centre - 2012 08 02 Traditional practices may be harmful: Xingwana"
905:
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245:
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encourages men to abduct young girls (commonly under 18) for the purpose of marriage.
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958:, though the practice has expanded into different ethnic groups. The act of
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200:
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20:
877:. Some types of it may also be seen as falling along the continuum between
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67:
988:
816:
422:
1182:"One in five girls and women kidnapped for marriage in Kyrgyzstan:..."
917:
706:
463:
1423:
Cultural heritage in the work of two Xhosa-speaking ceramic artists
946:
in the Middle East have been taken as wives by their abductors.
943:
165:
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Even though the laws are not stringent enough to curb such a
873:
because of the implied element of rape, rather than a valid
1115:"Bride Abductions 'a distortion' of South Africa's Culture"
1428:
ANC: Better cadres, sport quotas stay, bride kidnap goes
1413:
Child bride kidnapping – Age old custom of
Ukuthwalwa
904:
Bride kidnapping is often (but not always) a form of
803:, the practice of a man abducting a young girl and
161:
Post-assault treatment of victims of sexual assault
869:In most nations, bride kidnapping is considered a
1208:"Abduction, Often Violent, a Kyrgyz Wedding Rite"
843:has been abused, however, "to victimize isolated
954:In South Africa, the custom originated from the
1015:The Parliament of The Republic of South Africa
777:
603:
8:
1383:Parliament of The Republic of South Africa.
1282:"When 'culture' clashes with gender rights"
1083:"Child Marriage: Ukuthwala in South Africa"
1302:Lea Mwambene; Julia Sloth-Nielsen (2011).
784:
770:
621:
610:
596:
25:
1160:"Police swoop on fake 'bride kidnapping'"
1085:. Genderacrossborders.com. Archived from
908:. It may be connected to the practice of
901:("traditional practices") may prevail.
1343:"LUSIKISIKI GIRL ABDUCTED IN KWA NCELE"
1043:
915:Bride kidnapping is distinguished from
724:
649:
633:
535:
487:
360:
317:
105:
44:
37:
16:South African term for bride kidnapping
1471:Violence against women in South Africa
885:. The term is sometimes confused with
1076:
1074:
1072:
544:Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes
7:
1234:"DOJ&CD: Publications/Ukuthwala"
1105:
1103:
1456:Human rights abuses in South Africa
1328:"Stolen youth of SA's child brides"
1385:"Women Still Face Many Challenges"
1254:Roux, Cornelia (26 October 2012).
14:
1284:. Mail & Guardian. 2011-12-02
1206:Smith, Craig S. (30 April 2005).
641:
799:is the South African term for
1:
489:International legal framework
1326:BBC News (14 October 2009).
991:men (about 55 to 70 years).
847:and enrich male relatives."
584:Violence against LGBT people
458:Online gender-based violence
154:Violence against prostitutes
1341:Treatment Action Campaign.
1081:Sarah Condit (2011-10-28).
1487:
1139:www.nationalgeographic.org
1032:Kidnapping in South Africa
124:Sexual violence statistics
18:
1260:. Springer. p. 176.
998:has been apologised as a
805:forcing her into marriage
443:Intimate partner violence
336:Female genital mutilation
114:Causes of sexual violence
924:Rape of the Sabine women
673:Extraordinary rendition
295:Secondary victimisation
119:Child sexual initiation
106:Sexual assault and rape
1418:The Tale of Ukuthwalwa
1356:McQuoid-Mason, David.
1123:. Northwest of Howick.
895:marry-your-rapist laws
663:Enforced disappearance
579:Violence against women
39:Violence against women
1461:South African English
860:marriage by abduction
453:Marry-your-rapist law
448:Marriage by abduction
305:Virgin cleansing myth
1027:Rape in South Africa
940:Lord Resistance Army
702:Political kidnapping
438:Forced sterilisation
134:Cybersex trafficking
864:marriage by capture
129:Forced prostitution
1212:The New York Times
1162:. 2 September 2016
1004:irregular proposal
668:Express kidnapping
369:Narcissistic abuse
1135:"Captured Hearts"
1120:Los Angeles Times
883:arranged marriage
794:
793:
620:
619:
475:Toxic masculinity
407:Droit du seigneur
384:Domestic violence
139:Human trafficking
1478:
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1399:
1397:
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1387:. Archived from
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1360:. Archived from
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1236:. Justice.gov.za
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1113:(12 July 2012).
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1054:. Archived from
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994:The practice of
938:in Nigeria, the
875:form of marriage
858:, also known as
856:Bride kidnapping
801:bride kidnapping
786:
779:
772:
717:Tiger kidnapping
692:Bride kidnapping
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433:Forced pregnancy
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1187:. 1 August 2017
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879:forced marriage
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678:Fake kidnapping
658:Child abduction
616:
569:Sex and the law
549:Women's shelter
470:Sexual bullying
428:Forced marriage
418:Forced abortion
341:Gishiri cutting
310:Widow cleansing
300:Sexual violence
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1000:mock abduction
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906:child marriage
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1391:on 2010-11-28
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1364:on 2010-11-28
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423:Force-feeding
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53:Bride burning
51:
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1393:. Retrieved
1389:the original
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:the original
1351:
1336:
1321:
1310:. Retrieved
1297:
1286:. Retrieved
1276:
1256:
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1238:. Retrieved
1228:
1211:
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1189:. Retrieved
1184:
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1164:. Retrieved
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1118:
1111:Dixon, Robyn
1091:. Retrieved
1087:the original
1060:. Retrieved
1056:the original
1046:
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993:
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956:Xhosa people
953:
927:
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914:
903:
868:
863:
859:
854:
840:
832:
823:. Among the
820:
809:Eastern Cape
796:
795:
748:South Africa
480:Witch trials
462:
405:
379:Dating abuse
361:Other issues
353:Foot binding
346:Infibulation
176:By Deception
171:Acquaintance
1257:Safe Spaces
910:bride price
845:rural women
829:Zulu people
712:Shanghaiing
697:Impressment
574:Victimology
554:25 November
413:Eve teasing
374:Gaslighting
326:Acid attack
73:Infanticide
58:Dowry death
1440:Categories
1395:2011-07-22
1312:2024-07-31
1288:2013-01-11
1240:2013-01-11
1093:2013-01-11
1062:2014-01-13
1038:References
996:ukuthwalwa
985:Lusikisiki
971:Prevalence
936:Boko Haram
887:elopements
821:tjhobediso
725:By country
635:Kidnapping
564:By country
559:6 February
394:management
283:In Service
241:Statistics
231:Prevention
181:Corrective
93:Sororicide
1368:27 August
1220:0362-4331
978:ukuthwala
964:ukuthwala
960:ukuthwala
891:save face
871:sex crime
841:Ukuthwala
837:elopement
833:ukuthwala
797:Ukuthwala
246:Statutory
226:Pregnancy
206:Genocidal
98:Uxoricide
78:Matricide
21:Ukuthwasa
1358:"Obiter"
1021:See also
932:war rape
819:call it
627:a series
625:Part of
528:Istanbul
68:Femicide
31:a series
29:Part of
1431:M&G
1191:25 July
1185:Reuters
1166:25 July
1144:25 July
989:widowed
950:Origins
851:Context
817:Basotho
743:Nigeria
683:Gooning
389:outline
261:Wartime
221:Marital
211:History
196:Factors
191:Effects
45:Killing
1264:
1218:
1011:custom
1002:or an
928:Raptio
918:raptio
815:. The
733:Canada
707:Ransom
523:Maputo
464:Raptio
273:Campus
251:Threat
236:Prison
1307:(PDF)
825:Xhosa
738:China
688:Groom
650:Types
513:DEVAW
503:CEDAW
498:DEDAW
278:Child
1370:2009
1262:ISBN
1216:ISSN
1193:2019
1168:2019
1146:2019
944:ISIS
922:the
881:and
827:and
811:and
690:and
508:VDPA
288:Mass
216:Laws
201:Gang
186:Date
166:Rape
88:Sati
983:In
862:or
839:).
1442::
1214:.
1210:.
1137:.
1117:.
1102:^
1071:^
1013:,
980:.
926:.
831:,
629:on
33:on
1398:.
1372:.
1345:.
1330:.
1315:.
1291:.
1270:.
1243:.
1222:.
1195:.
1170:.
1148:.
1096:.
1065:.
785:e
778:t
771:v
611:e
604:t
597:v
23:.
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