98:
798:
25:
279:
can come in a variety of shapes, which are primarily attributed to the varying salinity of their environments; most are round with between twenty and thirty weak cilia, and they have no polarity. Some tetraflagellar forms can be found, in which there is a central nucleus. In this form, two of the
319:
structure, and the basal component is made up of conical microtubules creating a sheath anchor and a submembrane of interkinetosomal fibers. There is some axonemic flagellar loss which causes the weak, uncoordinated movement the cell displays. The flagellar band is short, and the kinetics are
721:
734:
526:
708:
433:
lie somewhere between flagellates and heliozoans, based on morphological characteristics. In 1954, Kudo proposed that they were a part of the order
320:
oriented towards the cell surface. With any sharp decrease in salinity, the cell can abandon its typical round shape in favor of a horseshoe shape.
747:
639:"Heterotrophic flagellates and centrohelid heliozoa from littoral and supralittoral zones of the Black Sea (the Southern part of the Crimea)"
853:
49:
67:
374:, and the cell ceases movement and stays motionless until the prey has been completely absorbed before resuming typical behaviors.
773:
583:
Nikolaev, Sergey I.; Berney, Cédric; Petrov, Nikolai B.; Mylnikov, Alexandre P.; Fahrni, José F.; Pawlowski, Jan (1 June 2006).
503:, discovered by Lauterborn in 1895, maybe a qualifying species, but it has yet to be proven because of a lack of specific data.
307:'s flagella are unusually thick and are entirely uncoordinated. This leads to weak, random movements of the cell. The flagellar
398:
527:"The fine structure of a carnivorous multiflagellar protist Multicilia marina Cienkowski, 1881 (flagellata incertae sedis)"
819:
620:
97:
848:
739:
40:
808:
661:
699:
152:
554:
778:
199:
characteristics, some dependent on its environment, such as different quantities and orientations of
196:
477:
No related taxa or ancestors can be identified based on current research. Species within the genus
393:, where it has been found numerous times since, and then by Mylnikov in a brackish biotope of the
437:. From 1996 to 1998, the discovery and documentation of flagellar differences between members of
92:
219:
While some work has been done to erect a more distinct classification above the genus level for
726:
760:
612:
604:
546:
35:
765:
596:
538:
280:
flagella are anterior and functional, while the other two are lateral and have no function.
234:
derives its title from the Latin "marinus," meaning "of the sea", and from having multiple
489:
328:
204:
386:
289:
250:
192:
542:
842:
638:
257:
312:
684:
693:
364:
261:
394:
344:
332:
316:
300:
181:
129:
608:
550:
584:
412:
390:
371:
356:
336:
296:
285:
200:
119:
109:
797:
616:
585:"Phylogenetic position of Multicilia marina and the evolution of Amoebozoa"
600:
397:. It has been isolated in more recent years in the brackish waters of the
678:
348:
208:
637:
Prokina, Kristina; Mylnikov, Alexander; Mylnikov, A. P. (January 2017).
351:. There are a few storage granule sites throughout the cell. The cell's
713:
340:
308:
292:
that can be reversed upon collision with another organism or object.
253:
188:
335:
on its surface. The nucleus has a nuclear envelope and pores, and the
352:
265:
185:
655:
45:
split sections, wrap references and provide external links for them.
235:
589:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
752:
659:
791:
18:
347:
form a perimeter around the interior of the cell, formed by
525:
Mikrjukov, Kirill A.; Mylnikov, Alexander P. (1998-12-07).
207:
is credited with the first discovery of a species of this
455:. From 1998 into the early 2000s, Cavalier-Smith placed
815:
327:
can form one giant cell. In all forms, the cell has a
299:
are present, quicker movement is observed than in the
822:
to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
407:
formerly had the classification as a distinct phylum
668:
288:form, which has locomotion in the direction of the
499:, discovered by Penard in 1903. Some suggest that
367:used for phagocytic feeding on naked amoebae.
632:
630:
8:
656:
537:(4) (published 1 November 2011): 391–401.
81:
466:, claiming that the genus was related to
355:are distinctly saccular, and there is no
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
512:
422:is an amoeba, branching at the base of
623:from the original on 16 February 2023.
223:, the placement in Amoebozoa remains.
7:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
520:
518:
516:
448:led to the creation of a new phylum:
426:. In 1881, Cienkowski proposed that
249:has been observed interstitially in
807:needs additional or more specific
311:has a 9+2 arrangement with single
14:
378:History of knowledge and taxonomy
796:
531:European Journal of Protistology
315:. The flagella end in a typical
195:. It can take on many different
96:
23:
415:amoebae. It is now known that
1:
543:10.1016/S0932-4739(98)80008-4
256:, between grains of sand and
646:Russian Academy of Sciences
43:. The specific problem is:
870:
854:Species described in 1881
648:– via ResearchGate.
323:The spherical budding of
158:
151:
93:Scientific classification
91:
84:
272:Morphology and behavior
385:was first isolated by
339:of the cell is highly
16:Species of amoebozoans
601:10.1099/ijs.0.63763-0
353:mitochondrial cristae
50:improve this article
39:to meet Knowledge's
595:(Pt 6): 1449–1458.
295:When five to seven
264:and feeds on naked
260:. The organism is
849:Amoebozoa species
837:
836:
820:adding categories
789:
788:
761:Open Tree of Life
700:Multicilia marina
670:Multicilia marina
662:Taxon identifiers
557:on 13 April 2024.
405:Multicilia marina
383:Multicilia marina
370:Prey is captured
361:Multicilia marina
359:. The surface of
325:Multicilia marina
305:Multicilia marina
282:Multicilia marina
277:Multicilia marina
247:Multicilia marina
232:Multicilia marina
221:Multicilia marina
177:Multicilia marina
173:
172:
162:Multicilia marina
86:Multicilia marina
78:
77:
70:
41:quality standards
32:This article may
861:
832:
829:
823:
800:
792:
782:
781:
769:
768:
756:
755:
743:
742:
730:
729:
717:
716:
704:
703:
702:
689:
688:
687:
657:
650:
649:
643:
634:
625:
624:
580:
559:
558:
553:. Archived from
522:
488:, discovered by
451:
284:can also take a
184:, multiciliated
168:Cienkowski, 1881
164:
101:
100:
82:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
27:
26:
19:
869:
868:
864:
863:
862:
860:
859:
858:
839:
838:
833:
827:
824:
813:
801:
790:
785:
777:
772:
764:
759:
751:
746:
738:
733:
725:
720:
712:
707:
698:
697:
692:
683:
682:
677:
664:
654:
653:
641:
636:
635:
628:
582:
581:
562:
524:
523:
514:
509:
490:Leon Cienkowski
481:include marine
453:Multiflagellata
449:
409:Multiflagellata
389:in 1880 in the
387:Leon Cienkowski
380:
329:plasma membrane
274:
244:
229:
217:
205:Leon Cienkowski
169:
166:
160:
147:
95:
74:
63:
57:
54:
47:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
867:
865:
857:
856:
851:
841:
840:
835:
834:
804:
802:
795:
787:
786:
784:
783:
770:
757:
744:
731:
718:
705:
690:
674:
672:
666:
665:
660:
652:
651:
626:
560:
511:
510:
508:
505:
462:in the phylum
439:Rhizomastigina
435:Rhizomastigina
379:
376:
363:is covered in
331:and a friable
273:
270:
243:
240:
228:
225:
216:
213:
193:brackish water
171:
170:
167:
156:
155:
149:
148:
144:M. marina
141:
139:
135:
134:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
89:
88:
76:
75:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
866:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
844:
831:
821:
817:
811:
810:
805:This article
803:
799:
794:
793:
780:
775:
771:
767:
762:
758:
754:
749:
745:
741:
736:
732:
728:
723:
719:
715:
710:
706:
701:
695:
691:
686:
680:
676:
675:
673:
671:
667:
663:
658:
647:
640:
633:
631:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
561:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
519:
517:
513:
506:
504:
502:
498:
495:
492:in 1881, and
491:
487:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
447:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:
425:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
377:
375:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
271:
269:
267:
263:
262:heterotrophic
259:
258:marine debris
255:
252:
248:
241:
239:
237:
233:
226:
224:
222:
214:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:morphological
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
178:
165:
163:
157:
154:
153:Binomial name
150:
146:
145:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
72:
69:
61:
51:
46:
42:
38:
37:
30:
21:
20:
825:
806:
669:
645:
592:
588:
555:the original
534:
530:
501:M. lacustris
500:
496:
494:Multiciliate
493:
485:
483:Multiciliate
482:
478:
476:
471:
467:
463:
459:
456:
452:
445:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
423:
419:
416:
408:
404:
403:
382:
381:
369:
360:
324:
322:
313:microtubules
304:
301:biflagellate
294:
281:
276:
275:
246:
245:
231:
230:
220:
218:
176:
175:
174:
161:
159:
143:
142:
130:
85:
79:
64:
55:
48:Please help
44:
33:
694:Wikispecies
365:pseudopodia
345:dictyosomes
286:biflagellar
182:flagellated
52:if you can.
843:Categories
828:April 2024
809:categories
507:References
479:Multicilia
472:Vanellidae
468:Archamedae
457:Multicilia
443:Multicilia
428:Multicilia
417:Multicilia
399:Gulf Coast
395:Baltic Sea
343:. Grouped
341:vacuolated
333:glycocalyx
317:kinetosome
131:Multicilia
58:April 2024
685:Q11786571
609:1466-5026
551:0932-4739
497:palustris
464:Amoebozoa
391:White Sea
372:ventrally
349:cisternae
337:cytoplasm
227:Etymology
191:found in
138:Species:
120:Amoebozoa
110:Eukaryota
816:help out
727:11782433
679:Wikidata
621:Archived
617:16738126
357:cytosome
297:flagella
254:biotopes
251:brackish
215:Taxonomy
209:organism
201:flagella
186:amoeboid
116:Phylum:
106:Domain:
34:require
814:Please
766:1069660
714:5825014
424:Conosea
309:axoneme
290:nucleus
266:amoebae
242:Ecology
189:protist
126:Genus:
36:cleanup
779:428725
753:428725
740:240569
615:
607:
549:
486:marina
460:marina
450:
446:marina
431:marina
420:marina
413:lobose
303:form.
774:WoRMS
722:IRMNG
642:(PDF)
236:cilia
180:is a
748:OBIS
735:NCBI
709:GBIF
613:PMID
605:ISSN
547:ISSN
470:and
441:and
268:.
818:by
597:doi
539:doi
474:.
411:or
401:.
845::
776::
763::
750::
737::
724::
711::
696::
681::
644:.
629:^
619:.
611:.
603:.
593:56
591:.
587:.
563:^
545:.
535:34
533:.
529:.
515:^
238:.
211:.
203:.
830:)
826:(
812:.
599::
541::
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
