5253:
5267:
5362:
5369:
2803:
Custom, because of its spontaneous and undirected nature, sometimes calls for a measure of supervision and control. At times a custom may be founded on error, or develop unreasonably or illogically in a certain direction, or may even be in conflict with substantive and fundamental principles of
2464:"law", from the word for "walking path," means the path or road set for the journey, minhag "custom", from the word for driving, means the manner people have developed themselves to travel down that path more quickly.
2804:
Jewish law in a manner leaving no room for its integration into the system. From time to time the halakhic scholars exercised such control in order to contain or discredit entirely a particular custom.
2511:, and later codes) binding upon all Jews. In addition to these, there have always been customs and traditions not in the law itself. Some customs were at some points universally adopted (e.g.,
1036:
3115:, adopted from Sephardic siddurim. Rabbi Shalom ben Aharon HaKohen Iraqi would go to a different synagogue each Shabbath with printed Sephardic siddurim, requesting that they pray in the
1614:
1269:
964:
1156:
2364:
2742:
states that the Talmud's ruling fundamentally applies to practices undertaken by learned individuals; innovations by the unlearned need only be followed publicly. Other
128:
4757:
1151:
3106:, who attempt to safeguard the oldest Baladi tradition of Yemenite Jewish observance, is the version originally used by all Yemenite Jews near the time of Maimonides.
5796:
5147:
1399:
3830:
1653:
2452:
And the lookout reported, “The messenger has reached them, but has not turned back. And it looks like the driving of Jehu son of Nimshi, who drives wildly.”
5107:
638:
601:
3625:
1577:
3654:
1600:
2682:
of our fathers is Torah". Custom can thus determine
Halachic practice in cases of disagreement among rabbinic authorities. In numerous instances,
5153:
950:
4253:
3707:
2357:
1527:
1462:
1344:
3488:
5305:
4248:
648:
3440:
5424:
1086:
4268:
4263:
3687:
2721:
does not override clear biblical or
Talmudic enactments, and one may not transgress the latter for the sake of the former. In fact, any
1354:
1171:
1161:
401:
5770:
5080:
3957:
1750:
1700:
1665:
1359:
1224:
1091:
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that has been accepted universally by the wider Jewish community, his prayer is disqualified and must be repeated using the accepted
4108:
3962:
3595:
3587:
3573:
3552:
3538:
3528:
3518:
3501:
3485:
3468:
2350:
1442:
1404:
1379:
1299:
1284:
1131:
1071:
1026:
4017:
3925:
1735:
1717:
1623:
1517:
1369:
1364:
1289:
1254:
1121:
5182:
5801:
4376:
3480:", Rabbis M. Greenglass and Y. Groner, 1966; translation: “The Book of Chabad-Lubavitch Customs”. Sichos In English Pub. 1998.
2746:
authorities hold that the Talmud's ruling applies to all valid practices initiated by either learned or unlearned individuals.
2253:
2152:
1707:
1690:
1643:
1542:
1452:
1389:
1339:
1319:
1314:
1234:
1208:
1183:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1021:
1016:
2474:; in current Islamic usage, this term is used for the intellectual methodology of a scholar or school of thought (cf. Hebrew:
4058:
3618:
3523:"The Minhagim: The Customs and Ceremonies of Judaism, Their Origins and Rationale", Rabbi Abraham Chill. Sepher Hermon 1978.
3418:
2635:
2615:
customs. (The Talmud gives detailed rules for people who visit or move to a locale where the custom differs from their own.)
1726:
1712:
1680:
1660:
1628:
1572:
1547:
1522:
1502:
1492:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1447:
1437:
1432:
1409:
1324:
1309:
1229:
1188:
1141:
1136:
1056:
1001:
2884:
has come to signify the entire liturgical tradition of the community, including the musical rendition. It is narrower than
2843:
movement has created a large group who have no clear tradition from their parents. In response to these phenomena, certain
2545:
and earlier. Today, they are generally regarded as universally binding. The oldest recorded minhag is that of 'beating the
5159:
4480:
2631:
2147:
1685:
1670:
1633:
1595:
1567:
1557:
1552:
1537:
1532:
1512:
1497:
1482:
1457:
1423:
1394:
1294:
1279:
1203:
1193:
1111:
1081:
1006:
992:
5222:
2791:
Jewish law provides for a number of mechanisms to change or remove a custom when it is held to be mistaken or illogical.
628:
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1507:
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1178:
1101:
1096:
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1066:
1046:
1031:
924:
392:
387:
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procedures for absolving oneself from oaths. This was often necessary when, for example, an
Ashkenazi Jew moved to the
5462:
5187:
5172:
4053:
3913:
3229:
1745:
1740:
1695:
1648:
1334:
1304:
1264:
1259:
1116:
422:
5806:
5141:
5035:
4686:
4580:
4288:
4221:
3782:
3672:
3037:
2219:
2064:
1772:
1166:
362:
352:
88:
709:
5419:
5298:
5257:
5197:
5095:
5075:
4945:
4870:
4730:
4597:
4283:
4243:
3611:
3059:
3022:
2333:
2026:
1877:
1818:
5454:
5177:
5008:
4307:
4182:
3398:
2036:
2016:
1126:
606:
147:
3463:", Rabbi A. I. Sperling, 1896; translation: "Reasons for Jewish customs and traditions". Bloch Pub. Co 1968.
5130:
5119:
4713:
4634:
4339:
4238:
4177:
4157:
4063:
4036:
2643:
2177:
2167:
2132:
2011:
2001:
1784:
955:
897:
731:
410:
367:
82:
3513:"The Biblical and Historical Background of Jewish Customs and Ceremonies", Rabbi Abraham Bloch. Ktav 1980.
5727:
5550:
5522:
5166:
5136:
4199:
3116:
2864:
2404:
2296:
2031:
1945:
1011:
563:
182:
152:
2529:). Other customs are bound to certain localities or groups that originated in certain localities. These
558:
5444:
5192:
5113:
4895:
4602:
4485:
4226:
4216:
4209:
4194:
4080:
2187:
2182:
2127:
1915:
830:
545:
440:
157:
3533:"To Be a Jew: A Guide to Jewish Observance in Contemporary Life", Rabbi Hayim Donin. Basic Books 1991.
3068:(Sephardic rite from nineteenth-century editions printed in Italy and often used by North African Jews)
5560:
5291:
5227:
5217:
4720:
3692:
2736:
accepted by previous generations of a family or community is binding upon all later generations. The
2258:
2210:
1950:
1808:
621:
486:
475:
433:
3378:
5393:
4875:
4843:
4769:
4678:
4624:
4231:
4031:
3765:
3730:
3412:
2675:
2311:
684:
551:
454:
447:
377:
265:
140:
5207:
5202:
5013:
4735:
4612:
4607:
4592:
4562:
4515:
4438:
4344:
4204:
3777:
3682:
3649:
3389:
3124:
3096:
3048:(Moroccan rite: there are differences between the Spanish-Moroccan and the Arab-Moroccan customs)
2690:
2162:
2112:
2059:
2054:
1968:
1838:
1106:
935:
694:
614:
468:
34:
4490:
4366:
2433:
5791:
4991:
4922:
4804:
4789:
4572:
4443:
4408:
3697:
3591:
3583:
3569:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3524:
3514:
3497:
3481:
3464:
3080:
3026:
2738:
2612:
2608:
2588:
2519:). Others were or are observed by major segments of Jewry but not by others (e.g., not eating
2306:
2248:
2228:
2045:
1605:
1244:
704:
575:
505:
382:
295:
162:
3357:
5707:
5540:
5467:
5057:
5025:
4986:
4957:
4940:
4890:
4691:
4500:
4433:
4386:
4334:
4302:
4293:
4278:
4152:
4127:
4103:
3987:
3918:
3835:
3702:
2948:
2792:
2650:
2496:
2276:
2157:
2117:
2081:
1779:
1329:
840:
596:
500:
415:
305:
97:
3127:; has not survived in any community, though an attempt to revive it has been made by Rabbi
5760:
5740:
5595:
5326:
4967:
4962:
4774:
4701:
4534:
4505:
4428:
4418:
4381:
4356:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4117:
3908:
3825:
3792:
3750:
3740:
3579:
3445:
3138:
3128:
3012:
2983:
2976:
2967:
2872:) primarily means "text" or "version"; the correct wording of a religious text. Thus, the
2767:
2653:
2646:
2627:
2616:
2580:
2546:
2457:
2456:
Homiletically, one could argue that the use of the word minhag in Jewish law reflects its
2428:
2409:
2391:
2383:
2238:
2197:
2192:
2172:
2094:
2088:
2021:
1973:
1813:
1794:
945:
674:
586:
569:
113:
4668:
60:
5735:
5492:
5434:
5271:
5246:
5067:
4974:
4932:
4912:
4900:
4880:
4794:
4784:
4752:
4745:
4725:
4696:
4663:
4629:
4539:
4463:
4453:
4391:
4189:
4137:
4048:
4043:
3805:
3800:
3735:
3664:
3558:
3075:
3044:
2780:
2695:
2686:
2596:
2554:
2338:
2137:
2006:
1992:
1872:
1851:
1828:
1823:
1801:
1789:
1384:
865:
799:
764:
742:
679:
517:
495:
357:
336:
312:
78:
2888:, which can refer to custom in any field and not necessarily that of communal prayer.
5785:
5616:
5507:
5429:
5331:
5040:
4885:
4812:
4619:
4553:
4526:
4475:
4423:
4396:
4371:
4361:
4122:
4068:
4002:
3982:
3972:
3967:
3940:
3886:
3815:
3760:
3308:
3112:
3088:
3004:
2877:
2826:
2818:
2796:
2592:
2286:
2281:
1487:
1414:
940:
789:
784:
779:
769:
747:
699:
461:
300:
205:
167:
118:
5717:
5351:
5020:
4817:
4779:
4740:
4329:
4073:
4012:
3992:
3952:
3935:
3903:
3891:
3852:
3770:
3745:
3453:
3393:
3151:
2991:
2952:
2839:
2814:
2584:
2445:
2316:
2142:
1983:
1978:
1936:
1889:
983:
850:
835:
794:
759:
372:
214:
3496:", Rabbi Shmuel Gelbard, 1995; translation: "Rite and Reason" Feldheim Pub. 1997
2678:
stress the importance of a long-held tradition, culminating in the statement "the
2583:, regardless of where they live now, tend to follow a variety of customs, such as
2931:
of origin" unless one has formally joined a different community and accepted its
5555:
5346:
5341:
5030:
4545:
4470:
4448:
4351:
3945:
3874:
3869:
3857:
3847:
3353:
3320:
3268:
2936:
2822:
2600:
2572:
2301:
2243:
1908:
814:
809:
804:
774:
3194:
2833:
countries, and especially the State of Israel, have led to a mixing of various
5631:
5336:
5124:
4831:
4413:
4007:
3755:
3677:
3304:
3279:
3274:
3160:
3008:
2421:
1959:
973:
902:
860:
689:
669:
228:
135:
55:
3163:, that is, the original Greek Jewish community as distinct from the Sephardim
2499:, Jews have traditionally considered Halacha (Jewish law as derived from the
5045:
4510:
4401:
4312:
3930:
3864:
3565:
3175:
2972:
2700:
2639:
2604:
2122:
2107:
1197:
1145:
907:
855:
845:
526:
522:
512:
427:
187:
5361:
3881:
875:
3099:, closely resembling the original Yemenite rite, but with later additions
3079:: often used to mean the Baghdadi rite, is more or less influenced by the
5755:
5692:
5600:
5585:
5580:
5565:
5482:
5383:
4764:
4706:
4651:
4646:
4317:
3235:
3103:
3030:
3016:
2707:
2626:
Within these broad categories there are also sub-groups by origin (e.g.,
2526:
2521:
2516:
2504:
2291:
1901:
1833:
664:
172:
123:
17:
5745:
5697:
5682:
5677:
5665:
5653:
5648:
5636:
5590:
5532:
5502:
5497:
5439:
5398:
4979:
4863:
4858:
4848:
4836:
4656:
4641:
4585:
4520:
4495:
4458:
4322:
3997:
3896:
3820:
3712:
3638:
3296:
3211:
3206:
2711:
2558:
2467:
The present use of minhag for "custom" may have been influenced by the
2461:
2437:) means primarily "to drive" or, by extension, "to conduct (oneself)".
2399:
2267:
2233:
2102:
1896:
885:
880:
752:
643:
538:
534:
530:
279:
274:
251:
233:
108:
103:
93:
71:
46:
5765:
5750:
5712:
5702:
5687:
5672:
5658:
5643:
5621:
5517:
5512:
5487:
5477:
5472:
5403:
5388:
5050:
4917:
4853:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2837:
and arguably the gradual disuse of certain customs. In addition, the
2830:
2576:
2550:
2542:
2512:
2500:
2468:
1927:
1922:
1882:
1867:
978:
870:
290:
256:
242:
3603:
5626:
5575:
5570:
5368:
5001:
4996:
4950:
4905:
4826:
4821:
4085:
3840:
3810:
2844:
2683:
2508:
890:
319:
223:
192:
5100:
3634:
2689:
warns that one should not abolish long-held customs. (Isserles'
42:
5287:
3607:
3384:
2958:
The main segments of traditional
Judaism, as differentiated by
2880:
generally or as used by a particular community. In common use,
5283:
3449:
2754:
2487:) rather than for the customs of a local or ethnic community.
3385:
A Historical Map of Jewish
Liturgical Influence and Variation
2448:, both times in the same verse and translated as "driving":
3473:"Likutei Maharich". Rabbi Yisroel Chaim Freedman of Rachov.
2460:
origins as "the (manner of) driving (a chariot)". Whereas
2408:(× ×•×ˇ×—), refers to the traditional order and form of the
3135:; however it is thought to have had some influence on:
3015:
rite, heavily influenced by the teachings of
Sephardi
2607:
customs, while those whose families originated in the
2659:
Families and even individuals may adhere to specific
2398:) is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in
3029:
liturgies, but also to obligation/permissibility of
2482:
1906:
1887:
310:
27:
Accepted tradition or group of traditions in
Judaism
5726:
5609:
5531:
5453:
5412:
5376:
5319:
5066:
4931:
4803:
4677:
4571:
4102:
3791:
3721:
3663:
2603:(regardless of where they live now) tend to follow
3033:elements within the rite. Versions of this are:
2783:and wished to join the local Sephardi community.
3564:"The Complete Book of Jewish Observance", Rabbi
2927:. In general, one must pray according to one's "
3557:"Minhagei Yisrael: Origins and History", Rabbi
2450:
2571:Jews whose ancestors continued to live in the
5299:
3619:
2358:
8:
2749:In most cases, personal acceptance of a new
5108:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
2642:") or by denominational affiliation (e.g.,
2557:is believed to date back to the era of the
602:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
5306:
5292:
5284:
3788:
3626:
3612:
3604:
2725:that intrinsically involves an element of
2365:
2351:
2215:
1856:
929:
736:
341:
210:
29:
2699:was, in fact, written so as to delineate
3655:Index of Jewish history-related articles
2851:, and attempts have been made to revive
2813:The acute displacement brought about by
5154:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3187:
2729:violation is considered null and void.
2266:
2218:
2044:
1991:
1958:
1935:
1859:
1725:
1613:
1587:
1422:
1216:
991:
963:
822:
656:
585:
485:
400:
344:
264:
241:
213:
41:
5797:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law
2761:. Consequently, abandonment of such a
3421:- Online collection of minhag seforim
3119:and forcing it upon them if necessary
2638:customs), by location (e.g., "minhag
7:
2595:Jews. Jews whose ancestors lived in
3062:: often used by North African Jews)
3025:: in general refers to the various
2962:(broadly and narrowly), are these:
2475:
2432:
2387:
5101:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
5081:American Jewish Historical Society
2795:rabbi and historian of Jewish law
25:
3568:. Behrman House Publishing 1980.
3266:For discussion of this point see
2911:appears to be a subdivision of a
2670:Discussion in rabbinic literature
2568:are followed by specific groups.
393:Historical population comparisons
5367:
5360:
5265:
5252:
5251:
1037:Democratic Republic of the Congo
951:Historical population by country
3343:, single volume English edition
2999:(Polish/Lithuanian/Prague rite)
2579:until the establishment of the
2515:) or almost universally (e.g.,
2394:pl. ×ž× ×”×’×•×Ş, modern pl. ×ž× ×”×’×™×ť,
5173:Relations with other religions
3578:"Jewish Spiritual Practices",
2855:that have fallen into disuse.
2732:The Talmud rules that a valid
2649:follow different customs than
1:
5160:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
3038:Spanish and Portuguese Jewish
2939:rules that if one abandons a
608:Christianity and Judaism
5091:Leo Baeck Institute New York
5086:American Sephardi Federation
3543:"Jewish Book of Why", Rabbi
3429:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
3368:External links and resources
3341:The Principles of Jewish Law
3914:Constantinopolitan Karaites
3582:. Jason Aronson Inc. 1994.
2541:go back to the time of the
2483:
1907:
1888:
1615:Latin America and Caribbean
311:
5823:
5142:National Library of Israel
3783:Zionism, race and genetics
3561:. Mossad Harav Kook, 1998.
3419:Sages of Ashkenaz Database
3058:s rite, named after Rabbi
2220:Jewish political movements
1917:Conversion to Judaism
5358:
5240:
5096:Yeshiva University Museum
5076:Center for Jewish History
3645:
3494:Otzar Ta'amei ha-Minhagim
3091:, can be subdivided into:
3060:Chaim Joseph David Azulai
2619:tend to follow their own
2533:exist in various forms:
623:Hinduism and Judaism
3688:Ancient Israel and Judah
3381:, jewishencyclopedia.com
2979:can be subdivided into:
449:Temple in Jerusalem
142:Bar and bat mitzvah
4064:North African Sephardim
4037:Jewish tribes of Arabia
3547:. Jonathan David 1995.
2663:not followed by others.
2513:head-covering among men
411:Twelve Tribes of Israel
5802:Jewish law and rituals
5167:Holocaust Encyclopedia
5137:Jewish Virtual Library
2917:different Jewish rites
2821:, and the large-scale
2710:practices in the same
2454:
5425:Prayers and blessings
5114:Encyclopaedia Judaica
4896:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
4081:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
3831:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
2899:can thus be used for
2717:Despite the above, a
2491:Minhag and Jewish law
2444:appears twice in the
2402:. A related concept,
1157:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1152:Republic of the Congo
546:Second Temple Judaism
417:Kingdom of Judah
388:Modern historiography
5561:Weekly Torah reading
3693:Second Temple period
3390:The Rules of Halacha
3313:Hilchot Issurei Biah
3125:Nusach Eretz Yisrael
2847:have focused on the
2757:performance of that
2259:World Agudath Israel
1400:United Arab Emirates
487:Second Temple period
477:Babylonian captivity
5394:Bar and bat mitzvah
5131:Jewish Encyclopedia
4876:Hekhalot literature
4687:Religious movements
4222:Judeo-Tripolitanian
3413:Rabbinic literature
2915:or vice versa; see
2876:is the text of the
2765:typically requires
2676:rabbinic literature
2674:Various sources in
2505:responsa literature
2495:In addition to the
552:Hellenistic Judaism
130:Land of Israel
89:Principles of faith
5533:Religious practice
5272:Judaism portal
5208:Jews and Halloween
5203:Jews and Christmas
4593:Rabbinic authority
4345:Judaeo-Piedmontese
3778:Xueta Christianity
3683:Origins of Judaism
3650:Outline of Judaism
3461:Ta'amei HaMinhagim
3399:Customs (Minhagim)
3257:Makom Shenahagu, 3
3159:, the rite of the
2905:liturgic tradition
2113:Jewish Koine Greek
1655:Dominican Republic
936:Judaism by country
615:Jews and Christmas
470:Assyrian captivity
5807:Jewish life cycle
5779:
5778:
5435:Grace after meals
5320:Birth and infancy
5281:
5280:
5247:extinct languages
5148:YIVO Encyclopedia
4923:Hebrew literature
4891:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
4731:Reconstructionist
4409:Judaeo-Portuguese
4098:
4097:
4054:Eastern Sephardim
3698:Synagogal Judaism
3545:Alfred J. Kolatch
3102:The form used by
2787:Changing minhagim
2753:is tantamount to
2611:generally follow
2609:Iberian Peninsula
2481:
2375:
2374:
2324:
2323:
2072:
2071:
1819:Reconstructionist
1763:
1762:
915:
914:
722:
721:
559:Jewish–Roman wars
507:Hasmonean dynasty
423:Kingdom of Israel
327:
326:
16:(Redirected from
5814:
5541:613 commandments
5463:Marriageable age
5371:
5364:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5285:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5255:
5254:
4387:Judeo-Golpaygani
3988:Palestinian Jews
3963:Alexandrian Jews
3919:Crimean Karaites
3836:Unterlander Jews
3789:
3703:Rabbinic Judaism
3628:
3621:
3614:
3605:
3478:Sefer HaMinhagim
3441:Sefer HaMinhagim
3425:Minhagei Maharil
3361:
3358:Passover Aggadta
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3293:
3287:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3240:
3225:
3219:
3203:
3197:
3192:
3148:Minhag Benè Romì
2921:popular siddurim
2773:sh'eilat chakham
2497:613 commandments
2486:
2480:romanized:
2479:
2477:
2440:The actual word
2436:
2426:
2389:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2216:
2097:
1918:
1912:
1893:
1857:
1804:
1751:New Zealand
1703:
1666:El Salvador
1656:
1588:Northern America
1580:
1174:
930:
841:Crimean Karaites
737:
715:
713:
634:
632:
624:
618:
609:
597:Rabbinic Judaism
578:
572:
566:
554:
542:
508:
501:Maccabean Revolt
478:
471:
465:
457:
450:
444:
436:
418:
342:
316:
211:
143:
131:
30:
21:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5761:Yahrzeit candle
5722:
5610:Religious items
5605:
5527:
5449:
5430:Prayer services
5408:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5356:
5327:Hebrew birthday
5315:
5312:
5282:
5277:
5266:
5264:
5236:
5062:
4927:
4799:
4673:
4567:
4382:Judeo-Borujerdi
4357:Judeo-Malayalam
4303:Judeo-Aragonese
4274:Lishanid Noshan
4106:
4094:
3826:Oberlander Jews
3787:
3717:
3659:
3641:
3632:
3580:Yitzhak Buxbaum
3370:
3365:
3364:
3360:(Hebrew), p. 11
3351:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3294:
3290:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3226:
3222:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3172:
3144:Minhag Italiani
3139:Nusach Ashkenaz
3129:David Bar-Hayim
3023:Minhag Sefaradi
2984:Minhag Ashkenaz
2968:Nusach Ashkenaz
2955:, 120 ad loc).
2907:; sometimes, a
2874:nusach tefillah
2861:
2811:
2789:
2768:hatarat nedarim
2672:
2581:State of Israel
2559:Hebrew prophets
2493:
2458:Biblical Hebrew
2424:
2418:
2371:
2326:
2325:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2193:Judeo-Malayalam
2173:Judaeo-Georgian
2093:
2084:
2074:
2073:
1974:Yiddish theatre
1916:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1802:
1775:
1765:
1764:
1701:
1654:
1578:
1172:
956:Genetic studies
927:
917:
916:
734:
724:
723:
711:
710:
630:
629:
622:
612:
607:
589:and Middle Ages
587:Rabbinic period
574:
568:
561:
549:
520:
506:
476:
469:
460:
452:
448:
439:
434:in Judaism
431:
416:
339:
329:
328:
208:
198:
197:
141:
129:
74:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5820:
5818:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5784:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5736:Chevra Kadisha
5732:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5537:
5535:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5493:Jewish wedding
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5459:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5420:Ritual washing
5416:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5288:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5261:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5214:non-Christian
5212:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5151:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5072:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4913:Shulchan Aruch
4910:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4901:Sefer Yetzirah
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4881:Pardes Rimonim
4878:
4871:Kabbalah texts
4868:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4815:
4809:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4683:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4664:Land of Israel
4661:
4660:
4659:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4577:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4542:
4540:Judeo-Alsatian
4532:
4531:
4530:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4392:Judeo-Hamedani
4389:
4384:
4379:
4369:
4367:Judaeo-Occitan
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4308:Jewish English
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4239:Judaeo-Aramaic
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4227:Judeo-Tunisian
4224:
4219:
4217:Judeo-Moroccan
4214:
4213:
4212:
4210:Judeo-Baghdadi
4197:
4192:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4114:
4112:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4066:
4061:
4059:Livornese Jews
4056:
4046:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3806:Afrikaner-Jode
3797:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3576:
3562:
3559:Daniel Sperber
3555:
3541:
3531:
3521:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3490:
3474:
3471:
3457:
3436:
3422:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3345:
3333:
3288:
3286:, ibid., 214:7
3259:
3250:
3241:
3220:
3198:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3157:Minhag Romania
3154:
3141:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:Sephardic rite
3109:
3108:
3107:
3084:
3076:Edot HaMizrach
3071:
3070:
3069:
3066:Nusach Livorno
3063:
3052:Nusach HaChida
3049:
3045:Nusach Morocco
3041:
3020:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2988:
2971:: the general
2860:
2857:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2788:
2785:
2781:Ottoman Empire
2696:Shulchan Aruch
2687:Moses Isserles
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2624:
2597:Central Europe
2562:
2555:Hoshana Rabbah
2492:
2489:
2417:
2414:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2254:Territorialism
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2138:Judaeo-Spanish
2135:
2133:Judaeo-Iranian
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1579:United Kingdom
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:Bilad-el-Sudan
1009:
1004:
996:
995:
989:
988:
987:
986:
981:
976:
968:
967:
965:Land of Israel
961:
960:
959:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
928:
923:
922:
919:
918:
913:
912:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
825:
824:
823:Related groups
820:
819:
818:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
756:
755:
750:
735:
730:
729:
726:
725:
720:
719:
718:
717:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
680:Jewish atheism
677:
672:
667:
659:
658:
654:
653:
652:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:Islamic–Jewish
626:
619:
604:
599:
591:
590:
583:
582:
581:
580:
556:
543:
515:
510:
503:
498:
496:Yehud Medinata
490:
489:
483:
482:
481:
480:
473:
466:
458:
445:
437:
425:
420:
413:
405:
404:
402:Ancient Israel
398:
397:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
358:Land of Israel
355:
347:
346:
340:
335:
334:
331:
330:
325:
324:
323:
322:
317:
313:Shulchan Aruch
308:
303:
298:
293:
285:
284:
283:
282:
277:
269:
268:
262:
261:
260:
259:
254:
246:
245:
239:
238:
237:
236:
231:
226:
218:
217:
209:
204:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
138:
133:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
91:
86:
79:God in Judaism
75:
70:
69:
66:
65:
64:
63:
58:
50:
49:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5819:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5617:Sifrei Kodesh
5615:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5508:Sheva Brachot
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5468:Role of women
5466:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:Coming of age
5375:
5370:
5363:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5332:Shalom Zachar
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5309:
5304:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5274:
5273:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5239:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Protestantism
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:Sefer HaBahir
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4813:Sifrei Kodesh
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4669:Who is a Jew?
4667:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4598:Chosen people
4596:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4555:
4554:Scots-Yiddish
4552:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4527:Klezmer-loshn
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:Judeo-Shirazi
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4372:Judeo-Persian
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4362:Judeo-Marathi
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4340:Judeo-Italian
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:Judeo-Amazigh
4193:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4018:Hadhrami Jews
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:Mountain Jews
3981:
3979:
3978:Egyptian Jews
3976:
3974:
3973:Bukharan Jews
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:Lists of Jews
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3629:
3624:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3597:
3596:1-56821-206-2
3593:
3589:
3588:0-87668-832-6
3585:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3574:0-671-41797-5
3571:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:0-8246-0314-1
3550:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3539:0-465-08632-2
3536:
3532:
3530:
3529:0-87203-077-6
3526:
3522:
3520:
3519:0-87068-658-5
3516:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3502:0-87306-889-0
3499:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3486:0-8266-0555-9
3483:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3469:0-8197-0184-X
3466:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3401:, nishmat.net
3400:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3309:Mishneh Torah
3306:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3005:Nusach Sefard
3003:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:(German rite)
2986:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2949:Arba'ah Turim
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2901:liturgic rite
2898:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2827:United States
2824:
2820:
2819:the Holocaust
2816:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:Menachem Elon
2794:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:branches) on
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2473:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Judeo-Aramaic
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Judeo-Italian
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:GhardaĂŻa Sign
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:Denominations
1769:
1768:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:United States
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
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1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
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1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:Guinea-Bissau
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
994:
990:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
970:
969:
966:
962:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
941:Lists of Jews
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
931:
926:
921:
920:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
827:
826:
821:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
741:
740:
739:
738:
733:
728:
727:
716:
708:
706:
703:
701:
700:The Holocaust
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
660:
655:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
627:
625:
620:
616:
610:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
593:
592:
588:
584:
577:
571:
565:
560:
557:
553:
547:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
492:
491:
488:
484:
479:
474:
472:
467:
463:
459:
456:
451:
446:
442:
438:
435:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
414:
412:
409:
408:
407:
406:
403:
399:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
349:
348:
343:
338:
333:
332:
321:
318:
315:
314:
309:
307:
304:
302:
301:Mishneh Torah
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
287:
286:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
270:
267:
263:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
248:
247:
244:
240:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:
216:
212:
207:
202:
201:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
139:
137:
134:
132:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
76:
73:
68:
67:
62:
61:Who is a Jew?
59:
57:
54:
53:
52:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
5718:Four species
5545:
5352:Pidyon haben
5263:
5256:
5242:
5165:
5158:
5146:
5129:
5112:
4946:perspectives
4780:Samaritanism
4741:Neo-Hasidism
4721:Conservative
4635:Names of God
4544:
4525:
4335:Judaeo-Greek
4330:Judeo-Gascon
4269:Lishán Didán
4264:Lishana Deni
4232:Judeo-Yemeni
4200:Judeo-Arabic
4074:Meshuchrarim
3993:Persian Jews
3926:Kurdish Jews
3904:Kaifeng Jews
3853:Beta Abraham
3816:Galitzianers
3771:Antisemitism
3746:Israeli Jews
3731:Assimilation
3590:(hardcover)
3508:
3493:
3477:
3460:
3454:Isaac Tyrnau
3439:
3432:
3424:
3411:
3394:Aryeh Kaplan
3348:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3317:Be'er Heitev
3316:
3312:
3300:
3291:
3283:
3273:
3267:
3262:
3253:
3244:
3234:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3201:
3195:2 Kings 9:20
3190:
3156:
3152:Italian Jews
3147:
3143:
3133:Machon Shilo
3132:
3086:
3073:
3065:
3055:
3051:
3043:
2996:
2992:Minhag Polin
2990:
2982:
2975:rite of non-
2966:
2959:
2957:
2953:Orach Chayim
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2848:
2840:baal teshuva
2838:
2834:
2815:World War II
2812:
2790:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2703:
2694:
2679:
2673:
2660:
2640:Yerushalayim
2620:
2565:
2538:
2530:
2520:
2494:
2471:
2466:
2455:
2451:
2446:Hebrew Bible
2441:
2439:
2419:
2403:
2395:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2317:Post-Zionism
2188:Judeo-Berber
2183:Judeo-Arabic
2143:Judeo-Gascon
1890:Pidyon haben
1809:Conservative
1355:Saudi Arabia
1173:South Africa
1162:Sierra Leone
984:Israeli Jews
898:Mosaic Arabs
851:Kaifeng Jews
712:Arab–Israeli
685:Emancipation
564:Great Revolt
373:Anti-Judaism
368:Antisemitism
363:Name "Judea"
177:
158:Baal teshuva
5556:Torah study
5483:Matchmaking
5347:Hebrew name
5342:Zeved habat
5314:Jewish life
5188:Catholicism
4770:Hellenistic
4608:Eschatology
4546:Lachoudisch
4471:Lotegorisch
4449:Lachoudisch
4439:Koiné Greek
4352:Judeo-Latin
4289:Palestinian
4183:Palestinian
4032:MustaĘżravim
3958:Afghan Jews
3946:Berber Jews
3870:Bene Israel
3858:Falash Mura
3848:Beta Israel
3766:Persecution
3708:Middle Ages
3598:(paperback)
3354:Yosef Qafih
3329:Orach Chaim
3325:Orach Chaim
3321:Orach Chaim
3248:Pesachim 50
3230:Piskei Riaz
3031:Kabbalistic
3011:(Ashkenazi
2823:immigration
2809:Present day
2712:code of law
2601:Middle Ages
2573:Middle East
2312:Revisionist
2302:Neo-Zionism
1909:Zeved habat
1702:Puerto Rico
1528:Netherlands
1360:South Korea
1345:Philippines
1225:Afghanistan
1092:Ivory Coast
866:Crypto-Jews
831:Bnei Anusim
810:Bene Israel
775:Beta Israel
732:Communities
639:Middle Ages
378:Persecution
153:Bereavement
5786:Categories
5771:Honorifics
5488:Engagement
5445:Honorifics
5413:Daily life
5337:Brit milah
5183:Anabaptism
5125:Jew (word)
4992:Leadership
4805:Literature
4790:Secularism
4736:Humanistic
4603:Conversion
4573:Philosophy
4414:Judeo-Urdu
4178:Babylonian
4023:Saada Jews
4008:Adeni Jews
3801:Ashkenazim
3756:Samaritans
3723:Population
3678:Israelites
3448:Fulltext,
3373:References
3305:Maimonides
3299:on Talmud
3280:Yoreh Deah
3275:Beit Yosef
3182:References
3161:Romaniotes
3017:Kabbalists
3009:Nusach Ari
2868:(properly
2829:, various
2706:alongside
2628:Lithuanian
2605:Ashkenazic
2422:triliteral
2390:"custom",
2297:Maximalism
2249:Secularism
2229:Autonomism
2046:Literature
1839:Humanistic
1443:Azerbaijan
1405:Uzbekistan
1380:Tajikistan
1300:Kyrgyzstan
1285:Kazakhstan
1132:Mozambique
1107:Madagascar
1027:Cape Verde
979:New Yishuv
974:Old Yishuv
925:Population
903:Subbotniks
861:Samaritans
800:Romanyotim
743:Ashkenazim
690:Old Yishuv
670:Sabbateans
657:Modern era
649:Golden Age
576:Bar Kokhba
296:Beit Yosef
163:Philosophy
5245:indicate
5193:Mormonism
5178:Christian
5058:Symbolism
5046:Synagogue
5026:Mythology
4987:Education
4958:Astronomy
4941:Astrology
4758:relations
4563:Zarphatic
4511:Galitzish
4313:Yeshivish
4190:Catalanic
4153:Samaritan
4128:Ashkenazi
4109:Diasporic
4104:Languages
4049:Sephardim
4044:Romaniote
3931:Krymchaks
3865:Desi Jews
3741:Buddhists
3566:Leo Trepp
3406:Resources
3215:20b s.v.
3176:Metuentes
2973:Ashkenazi
2701:Ashkenazi
2613:Sephardic
2416:Etymology
2392:classical
2307:Religious
2163:Zarphatic
2153:Bukharian
2123:Judeo-Tat
2108:Yeshivish
2082:Languages
2037:Sephardic
2027:Israelite
2017:Ethiopian
2007:Ashkenazi
1946:Religious
1736:Australia
1718:Venezuela
1624:Argentina
1606:Greenland
1518:Lithuania
1370:Sri Lanka
1365:Singapore
1290:Kurdistan
1255:Indonesia
1245:Hong Kong
1198:Abayudaya
1122:Mauritius
856:Igbo Jews
846:Krymchaks
765:Sephardim
633:relations
527:Sadducees
523:Pharisees
513:Sanhedrin
428:Jerusalem
188:Synagogue
56:Etymology
5792:Minhagim
5756:Yahrzeit
5751:Tehillim
5693:Tefillin
5601:Tzedakah
5596:Holidays
5586:Chavurah
5581:Chavrusa
5566:Daf Yomi
5455:Marriage
5384:Upsherin
5258:Category
5228:Hinduism
5218:Buddhism
5120:Genetics
5036:Politics
5009:Marriage
4968:Holidays
4963:Calendar
4844:Rabbinic
4820:/Hebrew
4765:Haymanot
4692:Orthodox
4679:Branches
4652:Kabbalah
4647:Haskalah
4625:Holiness
4501:dialects
4481:Shassagh
4444:Krymchak
4424:Kayliñña
4318:Yinglish
4294:Galilean
4284:Talmudic
4279:Biblical
4254:Betanure
4173:Biblical
4168:Mishnaic
4163:Medieval
4148:Tiberian
4143:Yemenite
4133:Sephardi
4069:Paradesi
4013:Ḥabbanim
4003:Teimanim
3968:Baghdadi
3941:Maghrebi
3909:Karaites
3887:GruzĂnim
3875:Kochinim
3793:Diaspora
3751:Karaites
3736:Atheists
3673:Timeline
3452:) Rabbi
3435:), 1556.
3427:, Rabbi
3392:, Rabbi
3301:Pesachim
3236:Pesachim
3170:See also
3104:Dor Daim
3081:Sephardi
3027:Sephardi
3013:Chasidic
2977:Chasidim
2853:minhagim
2849:minhagim
2845:scholars
2835:minhagim
2831:European
2799:writes:
2793:Orthodox
2777:Halachic
2744:Halachic
2708:Sephardi
2704:minhagim
2661:minhagim
2644:Skverrer
2621:minhagim
2589:Sephardi
2566:minhagim
2539:minhagim
2537:Ancient
2531:minhagim
2527:Passover
2522:kitniyot
2517:monogamy
2396:minhagim
2334:Category
2292:Kahanism
2239:Feminism
2211:Politics
2095:Biblical
2065:American
2012:Bukharan
2002:American
1902:Shidduch
1878:Clothing
1834:Haymanot
1780:Orthodox
1708:Suriname
1691:Paraguay
1644:Colombia
1543:Portugal
1453:Bulgaria
1390:Thailand
1340:Pakistan
1320:Mongolia
1315:Malaysia
1235:Cambodia
1209:Zimbabwe
1184:Tanzania
1062:Eswatini
1052:Ethiopia
1042:Djibouti
1022:Cameroon
1017:Botswana
946:Diaspora
908:Noahides
881:Marranos
805:Cochinim
790:Bukharim
780:Gruzinim
770:Teimanim
760:Mizrahim
748:Galician
714:conflict
675:Hasidism
665:Haskalah
570:Diaspora
441:timeline
353:Timeline
266:Rabbinic
173:Kabbalah
148:Marriage
124:Tzedakah
114:Holidays
72:Religion
35:a series
33:Part of
18:Minhagim
5746:Kaddish
5708:Menorah
5698:Mezuzah
5683:Tzitzit
5678:Machzor
5666:Midrash
5654:Tosefta
5649:Mishnah
5637:Ketuvim
5632:Nevi'im
5591:Chidush
5546:Customs
5523:Divorce
5503:Chuppah
5498:Ketubah
5440:Kashrut
5399:Yeshiva
5243:Italics
5068:Studies
5014:Divorce
4980:Kashrut
4975:Cuisine
4933:Culture
4864:Midrash
4859:Tosefta
4849:Mishnah
4837:Ketuvim
4832:Nevi'im
4795:Schisms
4785:Science
4775:Karaite
4746:Renewal
4707:Litvaks
4702:Hasidic
4657:Sefirot
4642:Halakha
4613:Messiah
4586:Mitzvah
4581:Beliefs
4535:Western
4521:Poylish
4516:Litvish
4506:Eastern
4496:Yiddish
4491:Shuadit
4476:Qwareña
4464:Tetuani
4459:Haketia
4434:Knaanic
4429:Kivruli
4377:Bukhori
4323:Heblish
4259:Hulaulá
4249:Barzani
4205:Yahudic
4138:Mizrahi
3998:Urfalim
3953:Mizrahi
3897:Neofiti
3892:Italkim
3821:Lita'im
3713:Zionism
3665:History
3639:Judaism
3509:General
3456:, 1566.
3433:Maharil
3297:Tosafot
3212:Menahot
3207:Tosafot
3111:Nosach
3095:Nosach
3087:Nosach
3074:Minhag
2937:Perisha
2878:prayers
2825:to the
2727:Halacha
2693:on the
2654:Hasidim
2647:Hasidim
2617:Hasidim
2599:in the
2585:Mizrahi
2476:דֶּרֶךְ
2462:halakha
2410:prayers
2400:Judaism
2277:General
2268:Zionism
2244:Leftism
2234:Bundism
2158:Knaanic
2118:Yevanic
2103:Yiddish
2060:Yiddish
2055:Israeli
2032:Mizrahi
2022:Israeli
1993:Cuisine
1969:Ancient
1951:Secular
1897:Kashrut
1873:Wedding
1860:Customs
1852:Culture
1829:Science
1824:Renewal
1814:Karaite
1795:Hasidic
1727:Oceania
1713:Uruguay
1681:Jamaica
1661:Ecuador
1629:Bolivia
1573:Ukraine
1548:Romania
1523:Moldova
1503:Hungary
1493:Germany
1488:Georgia
1478:Finland
1473:Estonia
1468:Denmark
1463:Czechia
1448:Belarus
1438:Austria
1433:Armenia
1410:Vietnam
1325:Myanmar
1310:Lebanon
1230:Bahrain
1189:Tunisia
1167:Somalia
1142:Nigeria
1137:Namibia
1127:Morocco
1057:Eritrea
1002:Algeria
886:Neofiti
795:Italkim
785:Juhurim
695:Zionism
644:Khazars
539:Sicarii
535:Zealots
531:Essenes
518:Schisms
383:Leaders
345:General
337:History
280:Tosefta
275:Midrash
252:Mishnah
234:Ketuvim
229:Nevi'im
178:Customs
109:Shabbat
104:Halakha
96: (
94:Mitzvot
81: (
47:Judaism
5766:Yizkor
5713:Shofar
5703:Kippah
5688:Tallit
5673:Siddur
5659:Gemara
5644:Talmud
5622:Tanakh
5518:Mikvah
5513:Niddah
5478:Yichus
5473:Tzniut
5404:Kollel
5389:Wimpel
5051:Hazzan
5041:Prayer
4918:Siddur
4854:Talmud
4818:Tanakh
4753:Neolog
4726:Reform
4714:Modern
4697:Haredi
4620:Ethics
4486:Shassi
4454:Ladino
4419:Karaim
4402:Juhuri
4244:Targum
4158:Signed
4123:Modern
4118:Hebrew
4086:Xuetes
3882:Dönmeh
3841:Yekkes
3594:
3586:
3572:
3551:
3537:
3527:
3517:
3500:
3484:
3467:
3446:Hebrew
3379:Custom
3352:Rabbi
3217:nifsal
3205:e.g.,
3150:, see
3097:Baladi
3089:Teiman
3083:minhag
3056:Chida'
2960:nusach
2945:nusach
2941:nusach
2933:minhag
2929:nusach
2925:Siddur
2923:under
2913:minhag
2909:nusach
2897:minhag
2893:nusach
2886:minhag
2882:nusach
2870:nĂłsach
2865:Nusach
2859:Nusach
2763:minhag
2759:minhag
2755:vowing
2751:minhag
2734:minhag
2723:minhag
2719:minhag
2680:minhag
2651:Chabad
2636:German
2632:Polish
2593:Temani
2577:Africa
2564:Later
2551:willow
2547:Aravot
2543:Talmud
2501:Talmud
2472:minhaj
2469:Arabic
2442:minhag
2429:Hebrew
2405:Nusach
2384:Hebrew
2379:Minhag
2339:Portal
2198:Domari
2128:Shassi
2089:Hebrew
1984:Humour
1928:Hiloni
1923:Aliyah
1883:Niddah
1868:Minyan
1803:Reform
1790:Haredi
1785:Modern
1686:Mexico
1671:Guyana
1634:Brazil
1596:Canada
1568:Sweden
1558:Serbia
1553:Russia
1538:Poland
1533:Norway
1513:Latvia
1498:Greece
1483:France
1458:Cyprus
1424:Europe
1395:Turkey
1385:Taiwan
1295:Kuwait
1280:Jordan
1270:Israel
1204:Zambia
1194:Uganda
1112:Malawi
1082:Guinea
1072:Gambia
1007:Angola
993:Africa
876:Dönmeh
871:Anusim
815:Berber
753:Litvak
705:Israel
611:
548:
462:Second
430:
291:Targum
257:Gemara
243:Talmud
215:Tanakh
168:Ethics
119:Prayer
5741:Shiva
5728:Death
5627:Torah
5576:Siyum
5571:Shiur
5551:Rites
5223:Islam
5031:Names
5021:Music
5002:Rebbe
4997:Rabbi
4951:Monen
4906:Zohar
4827:Torah
4822:Bible
3936:Lemba
3811:Chuts
3331:551:4
3327:653,
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