226:, have often looked to alternative fashion for up and coming trends and, increasingly, as an easy way to market products to a niche group that may not be having its tastes supplied elsewhere. Some in subcultures view this as flattering and as a positive expansion of what is socially acceptable, and easily available, fashion. Others consider the involvement of mainstream institutions in alternative fashion as a desecration of what the concept stands for and feel the mass marketing of previously underground styles, particularly to impressionable youth markets who are more concerned with a look than the meaning behind it, amounts to a non-violent form of cultural genocide. When a previously non-mainstream style becomes popular the core group of a certain alternative niche may be watered down with dozens or even hundreds of individuals who are not genuinely invested in the advancement of alternative culture or its precepts of individuality and present an image of the subculture not at all related to its traditional members' behaviors. For instance, rave culture was heavily associated with ideas of racial, gender and sexual orientation equality and encouraged unity, creativity and individuality amongst its members. The
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term 'subculture' itself. Alternative fashion is often looked at through the lens of social politics - it is considered a visual expression of opposition to societal norms, thus heavily associated with the idealism, energy and rebellion of youth culture. However, sociological studies into exploring alternative fashion have found individuals who retained statistically uncommon modes of dress on a permanent post-adolescent basis. Alternative fashion generally lays down a challenge to accepted norms, though the reactions received by wearers of alternative fashion from those who adhere to more conventional stylings can be as diverse as the wearers themselves. It can be a visual language that people employ to communicate with each other indicating common interests or involvement with similar activities, a challenge to modern conceptions of aesthetic beauty and/or a basic form of self-expression, like painting or writing.
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211:. The crime, perpetrated by two young men dressed in black trench coats who were known to be fans of heavy, dark themed music, was immediately associated with the gothic subculture in the media despite the shooters' lack of association to the subculture and music. Policies were passed in schools across the country banning dress styles and items associated with the gothic subculture. Many individuals who dressed in any way related to the gothic style, whether or not they associated with this subculture, were targets of fear, anger and suspicion. The subculture as a whole, though extremely diverse in religious and social beliefs, was pigeonholed by the media as a dangerous influence on children.
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fashion with mass culture - a fashion is often more remembered for what it is related to in the popular consciousness than what its wearer's intended it to stand for. Particularly in a sociopolitical sense alternative fashion has often been intentionally adopted by an individual or group to display a break from the beliefs or mores of popular culture and as a form of self-expression that challenged the boundaries of what was considered appropriate, fashionable or practical.
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musicians. While the qualities of individuality and open-mindedness are associated with alternative fashion, levels of conformity within subcultures, judgemental behaviors and expressions of feelings of superiority exist within certain alternative fashion communities just as they exist in aspects of mainstream fashion and culture. Pressure to 'fit in,' even just within a small niche community, may influence personal style.
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specialized retailers have become displaced much like mainstream retail outlets by the
Internet. Also, as fashion trends are co-opted by more and more people chain stores, which may offer a wider variety of products at a lower price and are easier to access in non-urban areas than boutiques, began to soak up a large part of the alternative fashion market. This change in the availability and
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Alternative fashion styles often originate as ways of expressing attitudes towards individuality, consumerism, social constructs on behavior, self-expression, and/or disillusionment with what is viewed as "normal" society. Many styles are influenced by music and the dress style of individual bands or
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Traditionally alternative clothing, shoes and accessories have been largely procured from independently owned businesses, such as the boutiques found in artistic districts of large urban centers. As some alternative fashion have become increasingly embraced by the mainstream, these types of small,
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terminology in the 21st century to categorize or interpret dress style is often inaccurate, or at the least does not provide a complete picture of the individual being assessed by their 'look,' due to the constant evolution in the meaning, relevance and cohesion of certain subcultures and even the
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Those who utilize alternative fashion may vary greatly in beliefs and not identify with any of these concepts. Often it is the mass social perceptions of the meaning of certain fashions and their relation to a particular niche group that is important in understanding the interaction of alternative
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of alternative fashions has encouraged much broader use of styles in the mainstream once only found in niche groups. Items from thrift & vintage shops, altered and DIY fashions have also long held a place in alternative fashion to the point where the use of mismatched second-hand clothing is
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and magazines, however in non-mainstream forms of these spaces, fueled by personal creativity. It is common for projects related to alternative fashion to be independently run by individuals or small groups and to be offered to the public cheaply or free of charge. However, just as alternative
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fashions in chain outlets and internet boutiques coincided with a media frenzy focusing on drug use in the rave community. These factors led to an insurgence of young people interested in emulating rave style, and obtaining the substances associated with it, rather than in promoting the
116:, alternative fashions have often been used to identify, and even stereotype, members of groups with value systems that diverged from common culture. Gelder states that alternative fashions have traditionally been related to subcultures that have been identified by mass society as:
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Many forms of alternative fashion gain attention, and even notoriety, through their relationship to individuals or groups that are seen as socially undesirable – those involved in behavior considered criminal, deviant or
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Alternative fashion is often considered a modern concept but it, and the concept of subculture it is often related to, have existed for centuries. As covered in Ken Gelder's exploration of the history of
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may exist within outlets of alternative fashion seeking to exploit certain styles as "the next big thing" or taking financial advantage of customers with limited options.
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that stands apart from mainstream, commercial fashion. It includes both styles which do not conform to the mainstream fashion of their time and the styles of specific
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Simon, Leslie. (2009)Wish You Were Here: An
Essential Guide to Your Favorite Music Scenes-from Punk to Indie and Everything in Between.
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Alternative fashion is expressed, discussed, viewed and proliferated through many of the same channels as mainstream fashion, such as
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Straw, W. (1991) "Systems of
Articulation, Logics of Change:Communities and Scenes in Popular music" Cultural studies, 5 (3) :368-88
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Brake,Mike.(1990)Comparative Youth
Culture: The Sociology of Youth Cultures and Youth Subcultures in America, Britain and Canada.
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English, Bonnie. (2007) A Cultural
History of Fashion in the Twentieth Century: From the Catwalk to the Sidewalk.
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and those sporting hip hop style with the selling of drugs and other criminal behavior. There was a wave of anti-
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Kass, Jeff.(2009) Columbine: A True Crime Story, a victim, the killers and the nation's search for answers.
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50:). Some alternative fashion styles are attention-grabbing and more artistic than practical (
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identification with an area (street, neighborhood, club) rather than self-owned property
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Muggleton,David.(2002)Inside
Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style.978-1859733523
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Bennett, Andy. (2004)After
Subculture: Critical Studies in Contemporary Youth Culture.
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Hall,Stuart.(1990) Resistance
Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain.
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Schwobel, Laura.(2008)Gothic
Subculture in Finland: History, Fashion and Lifestyle.
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Haenfler,Ross. (2009)Goths, Gamers, and Grrrls: Deviance and Youth
Subcultures.
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preferring to develop "family" and community outside of traditional paradigms
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disinterested in common moral order: idle, parasitical, hedonistic, criminal
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Greenberg,Arielle.(2006)Youth Subcultures: Exploring Underground America.
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Gelder, Ken.(2007)Subcultures: Cultural Histories and Social Practice.
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Jenks, Chris. (2004) Subculture: The Fragmentation of the Social.
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Osgersby,Bill. (2010)Fashion and Subculture: A History of Style.
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Julia Plevin. "Who's a Hipster?" Huffington Post. August 8, 2008
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Hodkinson, Paul. (2002) Goth: Identity, Style and Subculture.
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103:'s alternative attire with that of a modern woman of that era.
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McKell, Iain (2004) Fashion Forever: 30 Years of Subculture.
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disinterested in or against adhering to the structure of the
538:(foreground) with the time's fashionable attire (background)
410: – 1970s popular culture movement originating in the UK
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Reynolds,Simon.(1999)Generation ecstasy: into the world of
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considered cliche to alternative and liberal ideologies.
323: – Subculture and aesthetic centered around goblins
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
424:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
368: – Person associated with 1960-1975 counterculture
331:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
455: – Biker subculture members in the United Kingdom
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Goodlad,Lauren M.E. (2007) Goth: Undead Subculture.
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Subcultures: Cultural Histories and Social Practice
1114:Smith,Courney & Topham,Sean. Extreme Fashion.
1050:Muggleton,David.(2004)The Post-Subcultures Reader.
16:Fashion that does not conform to mainstream styles
1257:St.John, Graham.(2004).Rave culture and religion.
506: – Culture associated with the sport surfing
305: – Music genre derivative of punk rock music
938: – Subcultures associated with young people
296: – Fashion subculture of goth and cyberpunk
916: – Smaller culture within a larger culture
386: – Fashion subculture originating in Japan
278: – Medieval-inspired dress reform movement
461: – Jamaican street subculture since 1960s
344: – Fashion trend peaking in the mid-1990s
199:, anti-establishment agendas and, especially,
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8:
1443:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
443: – Subculture of industrial dance music
534:, portraying the contrasts between women's
239:precepts originally associated with raves.
207:policies and commentary in the wake of the
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500: – Subgenre of the steampunk movement
449: – Early style of rock and roll music
531:A Private View at the Royal Academy, 1881
87:Historical and sociological perspectives
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311: – Extreme or provocative clothing
488: – Working-class youth subculture
187:and random acts of juvenile violence,
931:History of modern Western subcultures
494: – Fashion trend and music genre
380: – American 1990s clothing style
7:
1586:Social media in the fashion industry
2578:Singapore Dark Alternative Movement
677:'s fall–winter 2003–2004 collection
479: – Action sport on skateboards
350: – Japanese fashion subculture
95:1911 sketch by American journalist
431: – Fashion of punk subculture
329: – Fashion of goth subculture
183:of the 1950s were associated with
14:
317: – 1920's women's subculture
222:, particularly retailers and the
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1428:History of clothing and textiles
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1159:Subculture: The Meaning of Style
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776:in 1980s hip hop fashion (2008)
272: – Japanese street fashion
209:Columbine High School massacre
1:
2847:Suicide of Nicola Ann Raphael
2604:Le Phonographique (1979–2005)
758:
575:
416: – Motorcycle subculture
392: – Subculture in England
135:attitudes against or wary of
112:patterns in Western society,
263:Alternative fashion examples
2665:Convergence (goth festival)
2431:List of gothic rock artists
473: – Internet subculture
99:contrasts fashion designer
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2852:Murder of Sophie Lancaster
1433:History of Western fashion
404: – Aesthetic movement
2477:Cassandra Peterson/Elvira
2391:Siouxsie and the Banshees
2258:
1438:History of fashion design
1407:
1347:Index of fashion articles
1344:
927: – Fashion accessory
191:of the 1960s (along with
2680:List of gothic festivals
2670:Bats Day in the Fun Park
1818:British country clothing
1376:Fashion design copyright
467: – Youth subculture
195:of the 1980–1990s) with
2177:Anti-sweatshop movement
398: – Goth subculture
2655:Lumous Gothic Festival
2426:Fields of the Nephilim
2228:Chinoiserie in fashion
104:
1564:Fashion merchandising
1157:Hebdige,Dick. (1981)
94:
2401:The Sisters of Mercy
2139:South Korean fashion
1601:Trickle-down fashion
1539:Fashion illustration
1524:Fashion entrepreneur
1401:Semiotics of fashion
717:(left) and tasseled
526:William Powell Frith
2883:Underground culture
2762:Film and literature
2660:Whitby Goth Weekend
2645:M'era Luna Festival
2619:Death Guild (1993–)
2609:Batcave (1982–1985)
2592:Notable club nights
2187:Sustainable fashion
2154:Vietnamese clothing
1685:Western dress codes
1559:Fashion photography
1534:Fashion forecasting
920:List of subcultures
892:A man and woman in
437: – Dance party
354:Heavy metal fashion
110:alternative culture
20:Alternative fashion
2811:The Goodbye Family
2650:Drop Dead Festival
2640:Wave-Gotik-Treffen
2614:Slimelight (1987–)
2599:F Club (1977–1982)
2547:Wednesday Mourning
2270:Fashion portal
2218:Ballet and fashion
2202:Zero-waste fashion
1918:Sportswear fashion
1596:Trickle-up fashion
1581:Red carpet fashion
1549:Fashion journalism
1544:Fashion influencer
1277:and rave culture.
220:Mainstream culture
105:
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2862:Vampirefreaks.com
2790:The Addams Family
2512:Patricia Morrison
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2245:Music and fashion
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2005:Thrift store chic
1833:Cruise collection
1795:
1794:
1720:Black lounge suit
1504:Designer clothing
1499:Clothing industry
1366:Fashion accessory
1247:978-1-903781-08-1
1231:978-1-84520-342-9
1215:978-0-8223-3921-2
1199:978-0-9816525-6-6
1183:978-0-19-539666-9
1167:978-0-415-03949-9
1104:978-0-7619-5371-5
1088:978-0-321-24194-8
1072:978-0-415-05108-8
1056:978-1-85973-668-5
1040:978-0-415-37952-6
1024:978-1-85973-605-0
1008:978-3-639-02884-3
992:978-0-415-09916-5
976:978-0-333-97712-5
960:978-1-84520-809-7
528:'s 1883 painting
257:commercialization
97:Marguerite Martyn
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2842:Gother Than Thou
2522:Elizabeth Fraser
2321:Associated music
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2223:Capsule wardrobe
2182:Circular fashion
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2082:Filipino fashion
2072:Canadian fashion
2067:American fashion
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2492:Monica Richards
2467:Andrew Eldritch
2440:Notable figures
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2411:Alien Sex Fiend
2381:Christian Death
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2313:Goth subculture
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2144:Swedish fashion
2134:Russian fashion
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2107:Israeli fashion
2102:Iranian fashion
2077:Chinese fashion
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1942:Vintage fashion
1930:Ghetto fabulous
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2733:Edward Gorey
2532:Lisa Gerrard
2487:Dinah Cancer
2452:Peter Murphy
2447:Robert Smith
2396:Joy Division
2192:Slow fashion
2172:Anti-fashion
2149:Thai fashion
1951:
1810:Smart casual
1730:Evening gown
1569:Fast fashion
1514:Fashion blog
1476:Fashion week
1471:Fashion show
1453:21st century
1448:19th century
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908:Anti-fashion
755:punk fashion
655:Kat Bjelland
640:New Romantic
610:(late 1970s)
529:
429:Punk fashion
408:New Romantic
327:Goth fashion
253:chain stores
246:, websites,
241:
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185:street gangs
173:
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146:
142:
125:social class
113:
106:
81:
23:
19:
18:
2825:The Sandman
2748:Backcombing
2728:Rose Mortem
2718:Lip Service
2711:Health Goth
2563:Camden Town
2497:Lisa Hammer
2328:Gothic rock
2030:Heavy metal
1952:Alternative
1935:Bling-bling
1865:Young fogey
1715:Semi-formal
1610:Traditional
1554:Fashion law
856:A woman in
840:revivalist
774:Flavor Flav
689:A woman in
659:kinderwhore
492:Soft grunge
378:Kinderwhore
288:Cottagecore
197:promiscuity
177:anti-social
147:The use of
32:subcultures
24:alt fashion
2877:Categories
2779:Tim Burton
2774:Literature
2527:Doc Hammer
2517:Carl McCoy
2462:Ian Curtis
2406:The Damned
2333:Gothabilly
2233:Dress code
2060:By country
2045:Rockabilly
1908:Athleisure
1903:Sportswear
1883:Streetwear
1860:Teddy Boys
1843:Ivy League
1629:Diplomatic
1619:Ceremonial
943:References
914:Subculture
842:rockabilly
806:cybergoths
735:visual kei
709:, wearing
592:Teddy Boys
556:zoot suits
447:Rockabilly
321:Goblincore
270:Aristocrat
224:mass media
149:subculture
2857:Post-punk
2743:Deathhawk
2706:Cybergoth
2573:Cleveland
2472:Nick Cave
2355:Dark wave
2350:Cold wave
2345:Deathrock
2000:Steampunk
1960:Androgyny
1772:Christian
1764:Religious
1725:Black tie
1708:Ball gown
1703:White tie
1591:Sweatshop
894:steampunk
822:skinheads
713:on their
638:A man in
498:Steampunk
441:Rivethead
396:Mall goth
215:Influence
60:rivethead
34:(such as
2835:See also
2804:The Crow
2738:Big hair
2376:The Cure
2211:See also
2197:Trashion
1995:Skinhead
1965:Bohemian
1923:Surfwear
1913:Gorpcore
1752:Pantsuit
1737:Informal
1641:Military
1634:Academic
1612:clothing
1574:in China
1486:Industry
1339:articles
902:See also
486:Skinhead
459:Rude boy
201:drug use
181:greasers
72:skinhead
2701:Fashion
2583:Toronto
2568:Chicago
2386:Bauhaus
2238:Undress
2117:History
2015:Greaser
1898:Hipster
1888:Hip hop
1782:Islamic
1656:Service
1420:History
1354:General
1337:Fashion
790:ganguro
715:cut-off
608:rockers
572:greaser
558:(1940s)
552:hepcats
512:Gallery
471:Seapunk
372:Hipster
360:Hip hop
336:Greaser
315:Flapper
282:Beatnik
237:utopian
189:hippies
56:ganguro
44:hip hop
28:fashion
2025:Grunge
2010:Rocker
1985:Lolita
1980:Gothic
1975:Fetish
1893:Hippie
1838:Preppy
1801:Casual
1777:Jewish
1693:Formal
1668:Combat
1661:Sailor
1494:Awards
1463:Events
1297:
1281:
1275:techno
1261:
1245:
1229:
1213:
1197:
1181:
1165:
1118:
1102:
1086:
1070:
1054:
1038:
1022:
1006:
990:
974:
958:
880:(2014)
824:(2010)
808:(2009)
804:Three
792:(2008)
737:(2006)
711:colors
707:bikers
693:(2005)
626:(1984)
622:Three
606:Three
594:(1972)
504:Surfer
453:Rocker
420:Pin-up
366:Hippie
205:gothic
193:ravers
68:rocker
64:grunge
2482:Eva O
2040:Skate
1990:Queer
1624:Court
838:1950s
761:2007)
590:Four
578:1960)
550:Four
465:Scene
435:Raver
414:Biker
348:Gyaru
248:blogs
2769:Film
2035:Punk
2020:Glam
1828:Chic
1742:Suit
1675:Folk
1651:Mess
1646:Full
1295:ISBN
1279:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1227:ISBN
1211:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1052:ISBN
1036:ISBN
1020:ISBN
1004:ISBN
988:ISBN
972:ISBN
956:ISBN
874:goth
820:Two
751:punk
705:Two
624:mods
232:rave
52:goth
48:punk
46:and
40:goth
2696:Art
1970:Emo
1850:Mod
876:in
753:in
657:in
554:in
390:Mod
303:Emo
230:of
74:).
36:emo
26:is
22:or
2879::
1161:.
872:A
759:c.
749:A
576:c.
570:A
70:,
66:,
58:,
54:,
42:,
38:,
2304:e
2297:t
2290:v
1329:e
1322:t
1315:v
757:(
574:(
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