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here that denying what is now called human exceptionalism could lead to tyranny, writing that if humans ever came to believe that they do not possess a unique moral status, the intellectual foundation of their liberties collapses: "Why, then, should not groups of superior men be able to justify their enslavement, exploitation, or even genocide of inferior human groups on factual and moral grounds akin to those we now rely on to justify our treatment of the animals we harness as beasts of burden, that we butcher for food and clothing, or that we destroy as disease-bearing pests or as dangerous predators?"
427:, notes that "an obsession with denying any pre-eminence to the human person" endangers the concern which should be shown to protecting and upholding the welfare of all people, which he argues should rank alongside the "care for our common home" which is the subject of his letter. In the same text he acknowledges that "a mistaken understanding" of Christian belief "has at times led us to justify mistreating nature, to exercise tyranny over creation": in such actions, Christian believers have "not faithful to the treasures of wisdom which we have been called to protect and preserve. In his follow-up
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cultural assumptions about the place of humans in the natural world. For example, whereas young children who kept goldfish were found to think of frogs as being more goldfish-like, other children tended to think of frogs in terms of humans. More generally, children raised in rural environments appear to use anthropocentric thinking less than their urban counterparts because of their greater familiarity with different species of animals and plants. Studies involving children from some of the
850:, this theme of anthropocentrism is also present. Whereas originally the animals planned for liberation from humans and animal equality, as evident from the "seven commandments" such as "whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy", "Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend", "All animals are equal"; the pigs would later abridge the commandments with statements such as "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others", and "Four legs good, two legs better."
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634:. Children as young as 6 have been found to attribute human characteristics to species unfamiliar to them (in Japan), such as rabbits, grasshoppers or tulips. Although relatively little is known about its persistence at a later age, evidence exists that this pattern of human exceptionalist thinking can continue through young adulthood at least, even among students who have been increasingly educated in biology.
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1421:. Australian Ecosystems : 200 years of utilization, degradation and reconstruction : a symposium held in Geraldton, Western Australia, 28 August-2 September 1988. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia. Vol. 16. Chipping Norton, N.S.W.: Surrey Beatty & Sons, for the Ecological Society of Australia. pp. 411–418.
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well-being of humans, but that they do not really consider enough in what that well-being consists. According to this view, we need to develop an enriched, fortified anthropocentric notion of human interest to replace the dominant short-term, sectional and self-regarding conception." In turn, Plumwood in
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unquestionably a unique species—the only species capable of even contemplating ethical issues and assuming responsibilities—we uniquely are capable of apprehending the difference between right and wrong, good and evil, proper and improper conduct toward animals. Or to put it more succinctly, if being
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scholar who lived in the twelfth century AD, was renowned for his staunch opposition to anthropocentrism. He referred to humans as "just a drop in the bucket" and asserted that "humans are not the axis of the world". He also claimed that anthropocentric thinking is what leads humans to believe in the
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systematically analyzes anthropocentrism and concludes that value is fundamentally an opinion, and since life forms naturally value their own traits, most humans are misled to believe that they are actually more valuable than other species. This natural bias, according to the film, combined with a
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series. After humanity's first contact results in a brief war, many humans in the series develop suspicious or even hostile attitudes towards the game's various alien races. By the time of the first game, which takes place several decades after the war, many humans still retain such sentiments in
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wrote, "Those who oppose injurious discrimination on the moral ground that all human beings, being equal in their humanity, should be treated equally in all those respects that concern their common humanity, would have no solid basis in fact to support their normative principle." Adler is stating
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Many devoted environmentalists encompass a somewhat anthropocentric-based philosophical view supporting the fact that they will argue in favor of saving the environment for the sake of human populations. Grey writes: "We should be concerned to promote a rich, diverse, and vibrant biosphere. Human
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also rely on death). Conversely, anthropocentric thinking can also lead people to underattribute human characteristics to other organisms. For instance, it may be tempting to wrongly assume that an animal that is very different from humans, such as an insect, will not share particular biological
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has been used to justify an anthropocentric worldview, but recently some have found it controversial, viewing it as possibly a mistranslation from the Hebrew. However an argument can be made that the Bible actually places all the importance on God as creator, and humans as merely another part of
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Some environmental philosophers have argued that anthropocentrism is a core part of a perceived human drive to dominate or "master" the Earth. Anthropocentrism is believed by some to be the central problematic concept in environmental philosophy, where it is used to draw attention to claims of a
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contend that the maintenance of a healthy, sustainable environment is necessary for human well-being as opposed to for its own sake. According to
William Grey, the problem with a "shallow" viewpoint is not that it is human-centred: "What's wrong with shallow views is not their concern about the
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human characteristic has been challenged by study of
American children raised in urban environments, among whom it appears to emerge between the ages of 3 and 5 years as an acquired perspective. Children's recourse to anthropocentric thinking seems to vary with their experience of nature, and
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297:. However, many proponents of anthropocentrism state that this is not necessarily the case: they argue that a sound long-term view acknowledges that the global environment must be made continually suitable for humans and that the real issue is shallow anthropocentrism.
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The supposed psychical gulf between human and non-human beings has no more existence, outside the flamboyant imagination of man, than has the once-supposed physical gulf. It is pure fiction. The supposition is a relic of the rapidly dwindling vanity of
548:], and is perpetuated from age to age by human selfishness and conceit. It has no foundation either in science or in common-sense. Man strives to lessen his guilt by the laudation of himself and the disparagement and degradation of his victims.
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And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the
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states "ape has never killed ape, let alone an ape child. Aldo has killed an ape child. The branch did not break. It was cut with a sword." in reference to planned murder; a stereotypical human concept. Additionally, in
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Anthropocentrism tends to interpret the world in terms of human values and experiences. It is considered to be profoundly embedded in many modern human cultures and conscious acts. It is a major concept in the field of
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flourishing may certainly be included as a legitimate part of such a flourishing." Such a concern for human flourishing amidst the flourishing of life as a whole, however, is said to be indistinguishable from that of
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describes anthropocentrism as "The conviction that humans are the pinnacle of evolution, the appropriate yardstick by which to measure the lives of other animals, and the rightful owners of everything that lives."
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822:, this is contrasted with Attar (a gorilla)'s quote "take your stinking hands off me, you damn dirty human!". This links in with allusions that in becoming the dominant species apes are becoming more like humans (
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In fiction from all eras and societies, there is fiction depicting the actions of humans to ride, eat, milk, and otherwise treat (non-human) animals as inferior. There are occasional fictional exceptions, such as
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roots of anthropocentrism and how it shaped human views of non-human animals. Some
Christian proponents of anthropocentrism base their belief on the Bible, such as the verse 1:26 in the
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437:(2023) he refers to a preferable understanding of "the unique and central value of the human being amid the marvellous concert of all God's creatures" as a "situated anthropocentrism".
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PhilPapers, Systems
Thinking and Universal Dialogue: The Creation of a Noosphere in Today's Era of Globalization, Author-Martha C. Beck, Dialogue and Universalism 23 (3):123-136 (2013)
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ethics, which rather than giving more value to humans based on their species membership, assert that "other things being equal, equally strong interests should count equally." This
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Taylor, Sandra G. (1990). "Naturalness: The concept and its application to
Australian ecosystems". In Saunders, Denis Allen; Hopkins, Angus John Malcolm; How, R. A. (eds.).
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because of its anthropocentrism, often claimed to be constitutive of traditional
Western moral thought. Indeed, defenders of anthropocentrism concerned with the
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has written that human exceptionalism is what gives rise to human duties to each other, the natural world, and to treat animals humanely. Writing in
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advocates, who contend that the belief that humans are more important than other animals is false and that like humans, non-human animals have
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traditions, resulting in a much less anthropocentric view of the natural world than is experienced by many children in
Western societies.
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2214:. Vol. 16, no. 1. Brunswick, Australia: Pacifica Theological Studies Association (published Feb 2003). pp. 67–88.
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has been defined as "the tendency to reason about unfamiliar biological species or processes by analogy to humans." Reasoning by
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systematic bias in traditional
Western attitudes to the non-human world that shapes humans' sense of self and identities.
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Piccolo, John J.; Taylor, Bron; Washington, Haydn; Kopnina, Helen; Gray, Joe; Alberro, Heather; Orlikowska, Ewa (2022).
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411:, Moses Maimonides "refuted the exaggerated ideas about the importance of man and urged us to abandon these fantasies.
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received sense of comfort and an excuse for exploitation of non-humans cause anthropocentrism to remain in society.
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franchise focuses on the analogy of apes becoming the dominant species in society and the fall of humans (see also
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is an attractive thinking strategy, and it can be tempting to apply one's own experience of being human to other
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anthropocentrism (which "characterizes paradigms that make assumptions or assertions about the superiority of
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sees the pre-eminence of human beings over the rest of creation in terms of service rather than domination.
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1815:"Intuitive biological thought: Developmental changes and effects of biology education in late adolescence"
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Anthropocentric thinking has predominantly been studied in young children (mostly up to the age of 10) by
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1273:(eds) D.S. Mannison, M. McRobbie and R. Routley. Canberra: ANU Research School of Social Sciences: 96-189
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1758:"Common Origins of Diverse Misconceptions: Cognitive Principles and the Development of Biology Thinking"
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Analysis of global fiction and science fiction without neither source nor examples. Needs an expert of
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systems. For example, because death is commonly felt to be undesirable, it may be tempting to form the
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principle is based on the dictum "everybody to count for one, nobody for more than one" attributed to
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in anti-racist theory. Plumwood called human-centredness "anthrocentrism" to emphasise this parallel.
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anthropocentrism (which "characterizes paradigms that begin from, center upon, or are ordered around
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anthropocentrism (which "characterizes paradigms informed by sense-data from human sensory organs");
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that death at a cellular level or elsewhere in nature is similarly undesirable (whereas in reality
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are the central or most important entity on the planet. The term can be used interchangeably with
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453:. Defenders of anthropocentrism argue that it is the necessary fundamental premise to defend
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1856:"Anthropocentrism is not the first step in children's reasoning about the natural world"
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2010:"Now Online! Debut of New Anti-Speciesist Film, "The Superior Human?" - Dr. Steve Best"
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1465:"Retranslating Genesis 1–2: Reconnecting Biblical Thought and Contemporary Experience"
30:"Anthropocentric" and "Anthropism" redirect here. For The Ocean Collective album, see
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Australian ecosystems : 200 years of utilization, degradation and reconstruction
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Human supremacism: why are animal rights activists still the "orphans of the left"?
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1104:"Environmental Ethics, See: 1. Introduction: The Challenge of Environmental Ethics"
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818:, Taylor, a human states "take your stinking paws off me, you damn dirty ape!". In
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457:, since what matters morally is simply being human. For example, noted philosopher
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in South
America showed a tendency to think of living organisms in terms of their
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human isn't what requires us to treat animals humanely, what in the world does?"
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One of the first extended philosophical essays addressing environmental ethics,
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It is possible to distinguish between at least three types of anthropocentrism:
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42:
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Coley, John D; Arenson, Melanie; Xu, Yian; Tanner, Kimberly D (February 2017).
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have found little use of anthropocentric thinking. Study of children among the
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A Rat is a Pig is a Dog is a Boy: The Human Cost of the Animal Rights
Movement
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281:, its capacities, the primacy of its values, its position in the universe").
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2167:""Nature's contributions to people" and peoples' moral obligations to nature"
1951:
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Plumwood, V. 1996. Androcentrism and Anthrocentrism: Parallels and Politics.
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is the idea that humans, as both beings and as a species, are the superior
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Naess, A (1973). "The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement".
238:. From an anthropocentric perspective, humankind is seen as separate from
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512:. One of the earliest of these critics was the zoologist and philosopher
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Routley, R. and V. 1980. 'Human Chauvinism and Environmental Ethics' in
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argued that anthropocentrism plays an analogous role in green theory to
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Herrmann, Patricia; Waxman, Sandra R; Medin, Douglas L (1 June 2010).
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1609:, paragraph 67, published on 4 October 2023, accessed on 22 June 2024
772:
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243:
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1926:"Young Children's Developing Understanding of the Biological World"
1656:(Fall 2017 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
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have argued against anthropocentric ethics, instead advocating for
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of anthropocentrism and as a generalised form of anthropocentrism.
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1512:"The Bible and anthropocentrism: putting humans in their place"
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as aberrations to the rule distinguishing people from animals.
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36:
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General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications
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27:
Belief that humans are the most important beings in existence
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characteristics, such as reproduction or blood circulation.
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169:
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2126:"Anthropocentrism: More than Just a Misunderstood Problem"
990:(2003) , Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.),
1569:(1st ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 145.
190:
151:
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Human Supremacy: The Source of All Environmental Crises?
531:(1859) "sealed the doom of anthropocentricism [
2246:"Human Lives Are Not More Important Than Animal Lives"
1334:
Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason
340:
Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason
1327:"Chapter 6 Philosophy, Prudence and Anthropocentrism"
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Milstein, Tema; Castro-Sotomayor, José, eds. (2020).
193:
181:
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2263:, Vol 155 (Number 3767), 10 March 1967, pp 1203–1207
1622:, (New York, Fordham University Press, 1993), p.264.
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1596:, published 24 May 2015, accessed 28 December 2023
342:argued that Grey's anthropocentrism is inadequate.
172:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1510:
4093:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
2208:. Meeting of the Victorian Medico-Legal Society.
1638:, (New York, Encounter Books, 2010), pp. 243-244.
1620:The Difference of Man and the Difference It Makes
1336:. Taylor & Francis. pp. (123–) 130–142.
687:needs attention from an expert in Science Fiction
407:existence of evil things in nature. According to
2131:Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics
3753:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
2096:Anthropocentrism: Humans, Animals, Environments
1924:Marshall, Peter J; Brenneman, Kimberly (2016).
1919:
1917:
1860:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
757:addition to forming 'pro-human' organizations.
637:The notion that anthropocentric thinking is an
539:
384:
3235:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
1989:""The Superior Human?" Official Movie Website"
1012:
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618:is an essential physiological phenomenon, and
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2036:"The Superior Human? Who Do We Think We Are?"
1129:"Environmental Ethics, See: 1a. Human Beings"
8:
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3451:List of people killed for being transgender
2257:The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis
1724:. London: Parker, Son, and Bourn. pp.
445:Anthropocentrism is the grounding for some
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4588:
4255:
4241:
4233:
2310:
2296:
2288:
1756:Coley, John D; Tanner, Kimberly D (2012).
1191:Routledge Handbook of Ecocultural Identity
2192:
2143:
2064:. Little, Brown and Company. p. 46.
1941:
1897:
1879:
1830:
1789:
994:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2567:Social determinants of health in poverty
893:Anthropocentric embodied energy analysis
797:mocked the belief in human supremacy in
500:Anthropocentrism has been criticised by
242:and superior to it, and other entities (
4398:Debate on Exclusivism in the SDA Church
1654:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
979:
630:interested in its relevance to biology
1463:Hiebert, Theodore (12 December 2019).
701:may be able to help recruit an expert.
391:The use of the word "dominion" in the
1671:
1669:
1588:
1586:
1330:(Google Books online preview version)
764:. At times, this ideal also includes
465:Author and anthropocentrism defender
354:, which has been proposed as both an
7:
4217:
3257:Capital punishment for homosexuality
2572:Social determinants of mental health
2124:Kopnina, Helen; et al. (2018).
1682:. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co.
1038:
1036:
329:has been criticised by defenders of
65:adding citations to reliable sources
3377:Genital modification and mutilation
2154:"Three Types of Anthropocentrism".
1285:"Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology"
1133:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1108:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
803:(written c. 1909, published 1962).
230:, and some refer to the concept as
222: 'center') is the belief that
2205:Religion, science, and environment
1289:Australasian Journal of Philosophy
1232:Feminism and the Mastery of Nature
644:indigenous peoples of the Americas
370:series "A Planet For the Taking",
25:
1509:Simkins, Ronald (December 2014).
1045:"Three Types of Anthropocentrism"
1029:from the original on 29 May 2021.
828:Battle for the Planet of the Apes
4216:
4207:
4206:
3856:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
3693:Law for Protection of the Nation
3593:White genocide conspiracy theory
2156:Environmental Philosophy 15 (2):
746:discrimination against sentient
742:on a galactic scale, it entails
738:. Essentially the equivalent of
676:
652:perceived taxonomic similarities
475:A Rat is a Pig is a Dog is a Boy
421:, in his 2015 encyclical letter
215: 'human being' and
144:
41:
3698:MSM blood donation restrictions
3446:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
2202:Seigel, Michael T. (May 2002).
2087:Bertalanffy, Ludwig Von (1993)
1967:"Damned Human Race: Mark Twain"
1930:Early Education and Development
1695:"The Antispeciesist Revolution"
1258:Man's Responsibility for Nature
943:Intrinsic value (animal ethics)
327:Man's Responsibility for Nature
52:needs additional citations for
3711:(as religious or racial quota)
1832:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.11.001
1392:"The University of Queensland"
1080:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
992:English Pronouncing Dictionary
837:Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
1:
4125:Second-generation gender bias
3841:Constitutional colorblindness
2562:Social determinants of health
1943:10.1080/10409289.2016.1220772
1652:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
1650:"The Moral Status of Animals"
2194:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109572
1762:CBE: Life Sciences Education
766:fear of and superiority over
542:anthropocentricism [
4036:Medical model of disability
3888:Hate speech laws by country
2107:The Myth of Human Supremacy
775:, downplaying the ideas of
699:WikiProject Science Fiction
689:. The specific problem is:
628:developmental psychologists
362:Judaeo–Christian traditions
4804:
4145:Social model of disability
2617:Discrimination against men
2094:Boddice, Rob (ed.) (2011)
1718:Mill, John Stuart (1863).
1364:Vuong, Quan-Hoang (2023).
1245:Ethics and the Environment
1061:10.5840/envirophil20184564
1043:Mylius, Ben (2018-10-15).
760:This idea is countered by
493:
29:
4387:Jews as the chosen people
4346:Nicaraguan exceptionalism
4202:
3498:Opposition to immigration
2419:Race / Ethnicity
2145:10.1007/s10806-018-9711-1
1676:Moore, J. Howard (1906).
1567:Studies in Jewish Thought
1529:10.1007/s10624-014-9348-z
1301:10.1080/00048409312345442
1167:10.1080/00201747308601682
789:Tilden's Laws of Robotics
3493:Occupational segregation
3262:Compulsory sterilization
2253:White, Lynn Townsend, Jr
2098:Leiden and Boston: Brill
1517:Dialectical Anthropology
1481:10.1177/2051677019877229
1443:"insurgentdesire.org.uk"
1271:Environmental Philosophy
1049:Environmental Philosophy
948:Object-oriented ontology
600:anthropocentric thinking
528:On the Origin of Species
415:Catholic social teaching
301:Environmental philosophy
291:environmental philosophy
18:Anthropocentric thinking
4750:Template:Exceptionalism
4324:European exceptionalism
4278:American exceptionalism
4021:Internalized oppression
3883:Fighting Discrimination
3873:Fat acceptance movement
3831:Anti-discrimination law
3471:Native American mascots
2172:Biological Conservation
2109:. Seven Stories Press.
2060:Foer, Jonathan (2009).
1881:10.1073/pnas.1004440107
1023:Encyclopedia Britannica
693:Science fiction studies
314:in feminist theory and
32:Anthropocentric (album)
4788:Philosophical theories
4479:Template:Ethnocentrism
4429:
4308:Chinese exceptionalism
4290:
4140:Social identity threat
4113:Reverse discrimination
4103:Racial color blindness
3583:Violence against women
3563:Sex-selective abortion
1774:10.1187/cbe.12-06-0074
1693:Pearce, David (2013).
1325:Plumwood, Val (2002).
800:Letters from the Earth
550:
481:ideology, "Because we
455:universal human rights
389:
254:, etc.) are viewed as
4372:Religious exclusivism
4108:Religious intolerance
4068:Political correctness
3898:Intersex human rights
3846:Cultural assimilation
3528:Religious persecution
3292:Disability hate crime
3077:Jewish / Antisemitism
2271:New Statesman America
1679:The Universal Kinship
1592:Pope Francis (2015),
1370:. Walter de Gruyter.
1200:10.4324/9781351068840
853:The 2012 documentary
616:programmed cell death
552:Philosophers such as
519:The Universal Kinship
447:naturalistic concepts
273:/ ‘the human'"); and
4778:Environmental ethics
4506:Planetary chauvinism
3513:Political repression
2522:Anti-left handedness
2512:Anti-intellectualism
2152:Mylius, Ben (2018).
1819:Cognitive Psychology
1648:Gruen, Lori (2017),
1565:Dan, Joseph (1989).
1469:The Bible Translator
1017:Boslaugh SE (2013).
923:Great chain of being
918:Great ape personhood
658:considerations, and
596:cognitive psychology
590:Cognitive psychology
287:environmental ethics
236:human exceptionalism
61:improve this article
4501:Particle chauvinism
4335:Thai exceptionalism
4016:Historical eugenics
3553:Segregation academy
3533:Religious terrorism
3322:Enemy of the people
3230:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
2749:Jehovah's Witnesses
2642:Perpetual foreigner
2185:2022BCons.27009572P
1872:2010PNAS..107.9979H
1618:Mortimer J. Adler,
1256:Passmore, J. 1974.
1234:. London: Routledge
1230:Plumwood, V. 1993.
883:Anthropic principle
855:The Superior Human?
522:(1906) argued that
471:Discovery Institute
258:for humans to use.
4491:HIV exceptionalism
4392:Unification Church
4284:Cultural Exception
3928:Social integration
3923:Self-determination
3913:Racial integration
3861:Diversity training
3851:Cultural pluralism
3826:Affirmative action
3726:Racial segregation
3636:Crime of apartheid
3538:Religious violence
3041:Indigenous people
2446:Sexual orientation
1083:. Merriam-Webster.
1075:"anthropocentrism"
1019:"Anthropocentrism"
808:Planet of the Apes
781:cybernetic revolts
666:In popular culture
76:"Anthropocentrism"
4760:
4759:
4703:Related phenomena
4626:Regional variants
4585:
4584:
4496:Carbon chauvinism
4419:God's Own Country
4230:
4229:
4098:Racism by country
4026:Intersectionality
4011:Heteronormativity
3810:Voter suppression
3558:Sexual harassment
3357:Forced conversion
3277:Cultural genocide
2940:African Americans
2759:post–Cold War era
2744:Eastern Orthodoxy
2507:Anti-drug addicts
2502:Anti-homelessness
2429:Scientific racism
2284:December 25, 2021
2273:. April 30, 2019.
2071:978-0-316-06990-8
1969:. skeptically.org
1866:(22): 9979–9984.
1576:978-0-275-93038-7
1377:978-83-67405-14-0
1367:Mindsponge Theory
1260:London: Duckworth
1001:978-3-12-539683-8
898:Carbon chauvinism
861:In his 2009 book
716:
715:
459:Mortimer J. Adler
409:Rabbi Norman Lamm
335:ecological crisis
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4795:
4710:Anthropocentrism
4612:
4605:
4598:
4589:
4526:Phallogocentrism
4454:Anthropocentrism
4434:
4340:Hangul supremacy
4295:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4234:
4220:
4219:
4210:
4209:
4150:Social privilege
4135:Social exclusion
4063:Police brutality
3984:Multiculturalism
3954:Amatonormativity
3785:Social exclusion
3621:Age of candidacy
3421:Homeless dumping
3327:Ethnic cleansing
2312:
2305:
2298:
2289:
2281:Psychology Today
2249:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:on 21 March 2012
2228:
2222:. Archived from
2198:
2196:
2149:
2147:
2120:
2076:
2075:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2040:Psychology Today
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1936:(8): 1103–1108.
1921:
1912:
1911:
1901:
1883:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1753:
1730:
1729:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1645:
1639:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1610:
1603:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1394:. Archived from
1388:
1382:
1381:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1331:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1303:. Archived from
1283:Grey, W (1993).
1280:
1274:
1267:
1261:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1014:
1005:
1004:
984:
824:anthropomorphism
812:human extinction
740:racial supremacy
711:
708:
702:
680:
679:
672:
578:John Stuart Mill
537:]" and that:
524:Charles Darwin's
477:, a critique of
400:Moses Maimonides
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
140:Anthropocentrism
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4730:Religiocentrism
4698:
4687:Hellenocentrism
4682:Germanocentrism
4621:
4616:
4586:
4581:
4540:
4437:
4402:
4367:Religiocentrism
4355:
4266:
4261:
4231:
4226:
4198:
4073:Polyculturalism
3969:Civil liberties
3937:
3918:Reappropriation
3819:Countermeasures
3814:
3743:Racial steering
3709:Numerus clausus
3613:
3607:
3332:Ethnic conflict
3267:Corrective rape
3218:
2858:
2705:
2597:HIV/AIDS stigma
2465:
2414:Mental disorder
2352:
2321:
2316:
2240:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2201:
2164:
2123:
2117:
2103:Jensen, Derrick
2101:
2091:pp. 239–48
2084:
2082:Further reading
2079:
2072:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1755:
1754:
1733:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1659:
1657:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1613:
1604:
1600:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1398:on 26 July 2008
1390:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1210:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1002:
986:
985:
981:
977:
972:
878:
826:). In the film
728:science fiction
721:talking animals
712:
706:
703:
697:
681:
677:
668:
592:
514:J. Howard Moore
510:intrinsic value
498:
492:
467:Wesley J. Smith
443:
380:Book of Genesis
364:
303:
232:human supremacy
147:
143:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4801:
4799:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4765:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4745:Exceptionalism
4742:
4737:
4735:Sentiocentrism
4732:
4727:
4722:
4720:Exceptionalism
4717:
4715:Chronocentrism
4712:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4650:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4592:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4577:Technocentrism
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4521:Phallocentrism
4518:
4513:
4511:Sentiocentrism
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4426:
4424:Middle Kingdom
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4321:
4316:(Europe &
4311:
4304:Han chauvinism
4297:
4287:
4281:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4264:Exceptionalism
4262:
4260:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4214:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4118:Reverse racism
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4088:Prisoner abuse
4085:
4080:
4078:Power distance
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3996:Ethnic penalty
3993:
3992:
3991:
3989:Neurodiversity
3986:
3976:
3974:Dehumanization
3971:
3966:
3964:Cisnormativity
3961:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3942:Related topics
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:State religion
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3736:Nuremberg Laws
3733:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3678:Ghetto benches
3675:
3673:Gerrymandering
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:Gender pay gap
3655:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3612:Discriminatory
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3441:Lavender scare
3438:
3436:Kill Haole Day
3433:
3431:Indian rolling
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3317:Eliminationism
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3252:Cancel culture
3249:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3226:
3224:
3223:Manifestations
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3119:Middle Eastern
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
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3009:
3004:
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2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2854:Zoroastrianism
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2781:Untouchability
2778:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Leprosy stigma
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2319:Discrimination
2317:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2274:
2264:
2250:
2238:
2199:
2162:
2150:
2121:
2116:978-1609806781
2115:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2062:Eating Animals
2052:
2027:
2014:Dr. Steve Best
2001:
1980:
1957:
1913:
1846:
1805:
1768:(3): 209–215.
1731:
1721:Utilitarianism
1710:
1699:www.hedweb.com
1685:
1665:
1640:
1624:
1611:
1605:Pope Francis,
1598:
1582:
1575:
1557:
1523:(4): 397–413.
1501:
1475:(3): 261–272.
1455:
1434:
1427:
1409:
1383:
1376:
1356:
1342:
1317:
1295:(4): 463–475.
1275:
1262:
1249:
1236:
1223:
1208:
1180:
1145:
1120:
1095:
1086:
1066:
1055:(2): 159–194.
1032:
1006:
1000:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:
968:Theocentricism
965:
963:Technocentrism
960:
955:
953:Sentiocentrism
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:Existentialism
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
874:
864:Eating Animals
732:humanocentrism
714:
713:
684:
682:
675:
667:
664:
591:
588:
583:Utilitarianism
574:Jeremy Bentham
562:antispeciesist
494:Main article:
491:
488:
442:
439:
363:
360:
302:
299:
228:humanocentrism
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4800:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4773:Animal ethics
4771:
4770:
4768:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4693:
4692:Italocentrism
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Gallocentrism
4675:
4673:
4672:Anglocentrism
4670:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4638:Americentrism
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4619:Ethnocentrism
4613:
4608:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4567:Particularism
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4531:Phonocentrism
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4474:Ethnocentrism
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:Androcentrism
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4414:Chosen people
4412:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:(Philippines)
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4253:
4251:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4223:
4215:
4213:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4172:Social stigma
4170:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3795:State atheism
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3731:Jim Crow laws
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:One-drop rule
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:Blood quantum
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3578:Victimisation
3576:
3574:
3573:Trans bashing
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:Religious war
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:Racialization
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Glass ceiling
3392:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3337:Ethnic hatred
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Counter-jihad
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3055:United States
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2918:United States
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2839:Protestantism
2837:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:LDS or Mormon
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Transmisogyny
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:Gerontophobia
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:Anti-intersex
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Anti-albinism
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:Institutional
2331:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:(June 2016).
2243:
2239:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1973:September 18,
1968:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1502:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1410:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1360:
1357:
1345:
1343:9780415178778
1339:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1318:
1307:on 2008-07-26
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1209:9781351068840
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:. Routledge.
1193:
1192:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
997:
993:
989:
988:Jones, Daniel
983:
980:
974:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
933:Hot cognition
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
875:
873:
870:
869:Jonathan Foer
866:
865:
859:
856:
851:
849:
845:
844:George Orwell
840:
838:
833:
830:, Virgil, an
829:
825:
821:
820:the 2001 film
817:
816:the 1968 film
813:
809:
804:
802:
801:
796:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
767:
763:
762:anti-humanism
758:
755:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
710:
707:November 2016
700:
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490:Animal rights
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376:Old Testament
374:explored the
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323:John Passmore
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316:ethnocentrism
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312:androcentrism
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72:Find sources:
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50:This article
48:
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4783:Posthumanism
4740:Xenocentrism
4709:
4667:Eurocentrism
4658:Little China
4653:Sinocentrism
4648:Indocentrism
4643:Asiacentrism
4633:Afrocentrism
4572:Theocentrism
4536:Xenocentrism
4516:Logocentrism
4486:Gynocentrism
4453:
4449:Allocentrism
4351:Fifth Empire
4300:Sinocentrism
4006:Gender-blind
3893:Human rights
3721:Racial quota
3708:
3688:Jewish quota
3668:Gerontocracy
3663:Gender roles
3641:Disabilities
3626:Blood purity
3598:Wife selling
3588:White flight
3568:Slut-shaming
3548:Scapegoating
3466:Murder music
3139:Palestinians
3082:Anti-Zionism
2950:South Africa
2935:Black people
2913:South Africa
2734:Christianity
2724:Baháʼí Faith
2652:Sectarianism
2592:Heterosexism
2557:Ephebiphobia
2527:Anti-Masonry
2394:Hair texture
2279:
2270:
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2242:Watson, Paul
2231:. Retrieved
2224:the original
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2016:. 2012-04-02
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1965:Mark Twain.
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1607:Laudate Deum
1601:
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1550:15 September
1548:. Retrieved
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1494:15 September
1492:. Retrieved
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1305:the original
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928:Gynocentrism
908:Ecocriticism
888:Anthropocene
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554:Peter Singer
551:
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451:human rights
444:
441:Human rights
434:Laudate Deum
432:
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419:Pope Francis
413:
398:
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385:
372:David Suzuki
366:In the 1985
365:
348:deep ecology
344:
339:
331:deep ecology
326:
320:
308:Val Plumwood
304:
283:
279:Homo sapiens
278:
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271:Homo sapiens
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
4725:Geocentrism
4562:Supremacist
4469:Ecocentrism
4464:Biocentrism
4431:Sui generis
4329:Pinoy pride
3908:Nonviolence
3903:LGBT rights
3868:Empowerment
3836:Anti-racism
3758:Segregation
3703:No kid zone
3503:Persecution
3416:Hate speech
3367:Gay bashing
3342:Ethnic joke
3297:Dog whistle
3242:Blood libel
2930:Azerbaijani
2834:Neopaganism
2827:Persecution
2793:Persecution
2776:Persecution
2739:Catholicism
2674:Transphobia
2657:Supremacism
2612:Lesbophobia
2532:Aporophobia
2497:Anti-autism
2348:Taste-based
2343:Statistical
2138:: 109–127.
1594:Laudato si'
903:Ecocentrism
848:Animal Farm
777:integration
753:Mass Effect
598:, the term
570:utilitarian
566:sentientist
429:exhortation
424:Laudato si'
352:biocentrism
267:descriptive
213:(ánthrōpos)
204:; from
4767:Categories
4557:Chauvinism
4314:Third Rome
4182:Stereotype
4177:Speciesism
4058:Oppression
4053:Oikophobia
3949:Allophilia
3933:Toleration
3790:Sodomy law
3683:Internment
3603:Witch-hunt
3481:Blackhawks
3411:Hate group
3399:Hate crime
3372:Gendercide
3362:Freak show
3352:Excellence
3312:Employment
3282:Defamation
3214:Vietnamese
3209:Venezuelan
3099:Lithuanian
2766:Falun Gong
2701:Xenophobia
2696:Vegaphobia
2679:Non-binary
2637:Pedophobia
2602:Homophobia
2424:Skin color
2384:Disability
2357:Attributes
2338:Structural
2233:2012-07-22
2179:: 109572.
1704:2019-10-14
1660:2019-10-14
1428:0949324264
1311:2006-11-12
1161:: 95–100.
975:References
958:Speciesism
795:Mark Twain
769:strong AIs
748:non-humans
744:intolerant
656:ecological
620:ecosystems
608:biological
396:creation.
356:antithesis
263:perceptual
117:March 2019
87:newspapers
4377:Feeneyism
4360:Religious
4296:(Germany)
4292:Sonderweg
4155:Christian
4083:Prejudice
4031:Masculism
3979:Diversity
3773:religious
3748:Redlining
3347:Ethnocide
3307:Education
3199:Ukrainian
3134:Pakistani
3124:Mongolian
3045:Australia
3027:Hungarian
2982:Colombian
2962:Bulgarian
2844:Rastafari
2798:Ahmadiyya
2711:Religious
2689:Trans men
2647:Pregnancy
2582:Gayphobia
2577:Fatphobia
2482:Acephobia
2477:Arophobia
2461:Viewpoint
2220:1030-570X
1952:1040-9289
1890:0027-8424
1782:1931-7913
1545:145211787
1489:213322770
1218:229580440
1138:13 August
1113:13 August
846:'s novel
832:orangutan
736:sentients
660:animistic
632:education
516:, who in
469:from the
295:ecosphere
275:normative
256:resources
220:(kéntron)
4552:Jingoism
4382:Hindutva
4286:(France)
4271:National
4212:Category
4194:The talk
4130:Snobbery
4048:Net bias
3878:Feminism
3805:Ugly law
3646:Catholic
3614:policies
3461:Mortgage
3456:Lynching
3387:examples
3382:Genocide
3302:Economic
3287:Democide
3247:Bullying
3164:Romanian
3129:Nigerian
3072:Japanese
3007:Georgian
2992:Filipino
2925:Assyrian
2898:Armenian
2888:American
2883:Albanian
2865:National
2849:Yazidism
2771:Hinduism
2729:Buddhism
2632:Nepotism
2627:Misogyny
2622:Misandry
2547:Clannism
2542:Biphobia
2487:Adultism
2404:Language
2211:Pacifica
2160:159-194.
2105:(2016).
1908:20479241
1841:27865155
1825:: 1–21.
1800:22949417
1537:43895115
1175:52207763
1027:Archived
938:Humanism
876:See also
586:(1876).
252:minerals
211:ἄνθρωπος
4545:Related
4394:(Korea)
4342:(Korea)
4310:(China)
4222:Commons
4001:Figleaf
3426:Housing
3194:Turkish
3144:Pashtun
3114:Mexican
3094:Kurdish
3067:Italian
3017:Haitian
3002:Finnish
2977:Chinese
2972:Chechen
2967:Catalan
2957:Bengali
2878:African
2863:Ethnic/
2822:Judaism
2813:Sunnism
2803:Shi'ism
2719:Atheism
2552:Elitism
2451:Species
2389:Genetic
2379:Dialect
2261:Science
2181:Bibcode
1899:2890461
1868:Bibcode
1791:3433289
1349:12 June
1155:Inquiry
773:cyborgs
604:analogy
506:welfare
393:Genesis
244:animals
218:κέντρον
101:scholar
4318:Russia
4187:threat
4041:autism
3778:sexual
3768:racial
3651:Jewish
3508:Pogrom
3486:Chiefs
3476:Braves
3204:Uyghur
3179:Somali
3174:Slavic
3159:Romani
3154:Quebec
3149:Polish
3089:Korean
3050:Canada
3037:Indian
3022:Hazara
2997:Fulani
2908:France
2873:Afghan
2808:Sufism
2537:Audism
2470:Social
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814:). In
639:innate
387:earth.
248:plants
240:nature
103:
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4442:Other
4407:Terms
4280:(USA)
4165:white
3518:Purge
3184:Tatar
3109:Māori
3104:Malay
3062:Irish
3012:Greek
2987:Croat
2945:China
2903:Asian
2788:Islam
2662:White
2409:Looks
2374:Class
2369:Caste
2326:Forms
2227:(PDF)
2045:4 May
2020:4 May
1994:4 May
1541:S2CID
1533:JSTOR
1485:S2CID
1448:4 May
1402:4 May
1214:S2CID
1171:S2CID
404:Torah
208:
108:JSTOR
94:books
4160:male
3959:Bias
3404:LGBT
3189:Thai
3169:Serb
3032:Igbo
2893:Arab
2667:Male
2456:Size
2436:Rank
2216:ISSN
2111:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2047:2015
2022:2015
1996:2015
1975:2013
1948:ISSN
1904:PMID
1886:ISSN
1837:PMID
1796:PMID
1778:ISSN
1571:ISBN
1552:2020
1496:2020
1450:2015
1423:ISBN
1404:2015
1372:ISBN
1351:2013
1338:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1140:2013
1115:2013
996:ISBN
806:The
787:and
771:and
556:and
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402:, a
350:and
289:and
80:news
3763:age
2441:Sex
2364:Age
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2189:doi
2177:270
2140:doi
1938:doi
1894:PMC
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1770:doi
1525:doi
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1297:doi
1196:doi
1163:doi
1057:doi
842:In
726:In
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576:by
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