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Since rule A created a phonological context in which rule B could apply and because rule B could not apply without the application of rule A, the two rules are in feeding order; that is, rule A feeds rule B.
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of phonological rules refers to a situation in which the application of a rule A creates new contexts in which a rule B can apply; it would not have been possible for rule B to apply otherwise.
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in French had been applied before another rule which deletes word-final consonants before another consonant, this would have been an example of feeding order and the "final output" form (
314:, which took place historically in English starting around 1500 AD. The long front vowels were raised one position, and the original high front vowel became a
310:, etc. In essence, each sound "shifts" one position to the right. A good example of such a chain shift occurred as part of the
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The opposite of feeding order, the situation in which rule A destroys a certain context so rule B can no longer apply, is called
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in the generalization above); using rule B, which can now be applied as there is a voiceless stop in a word-final coda,
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If the order of rules which are in feeding order is reversed, this is said to be a
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where only one rule can apply. The result is that what was originally
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In
English, rule A precedes rule B. We can derive the surface form of
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272:, a sequence of rules in counterfeeding order is called a
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Suppose there are two rules. Rule A takes in input
29:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
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Principles of
Generative Phonology: An introduction
246:("little niece") is pronounced . If the rule which
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89:). The following order is called a feeding order:
43:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
213:If we have two rules, rule A which looks like
170:in the generalization above). Using rule A,
162:by applying the rules to the underlying form
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261:A counter-feeding order very often creates
120:An example of feeding order can be seen in
356:Gussenhoven, C. & Jacobs, H. (1998).
221:the following is a counterfeeding order:
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238:An example of this can be seen in
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81:. When rule B is applied to input
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148:which make part of a word-final
25:International Phonetic Alphabet
194:in the generalization above).
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217:and rule B which looks like
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367:. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
73:. Rule B takes in input
323:/aː/→/ɛː/→/eː/→/iː/→/əi/
358:Understanding Phonology
21:phonetic transcriptions
363:Jensen, J. T. (2004).
302:, what was originally
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270:historical linguistics
56:historical linguistics
18:This article contains
129:fortis stop insertion
263:phonological opacity
208:counterfeeding order
202:Counterfeeding order
69:and returns output
152:are glottalized.
77:and returns input
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375:Categories
351:References
340:Markedness
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381:Phonology
316:diphthong
143:voiceless
52:phonology
329:See also
306:becomes
298:becomes
290:becomes
242:, where
186:becomes
174:becomes
146:plosives
35:/ /
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281:a→b→c→d
248:deletes
188:prɪnʔts
172:/prɪns/
164:/prɪns/
122:English
116:Example
23:in the
240:French
184:prɪnts
176:prɪnts
160:prince
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219:y → z
215:x → y
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54:and
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