341:
335:
25:
414:
385:
419:
42:
305:
409:
89:
108:
61:
232:
378:
68:
46:
434:
404:
75:
57:
371:
254:
35:
154:
205:
138:
424:
146:
213:
197:
82:
242:
These eighteen people were leading researchers and members of public institutions for research on
429:
351:
274:
169:
262:
224:
301:
185:
355:
295:
228:
189:
173:
142:
126:
218:
201:
398:
243:
209:
253:
The group's name was chosen because many of the signatories were connected with the
247:
193:
134:
258:
340:
24:
334:
236:
181:
161:
150:
177:
133:) was a group of eighteen leading nuclear researchers of the newly founded
165:
18:
300:. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 50–51.
359:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
294:Castell, Lutz; Ischebeck, Otfried, eds. (2003).
379:
8:
386:
372:
261:, and as a reference to the 19th century
149:'s move to arm the West German army, the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
286:
141:on 12 April 1957, opposing Chancellor
415:German anti–nuclear weapons activists
160:The eighteen atomic scientists were:
7:
330:
328:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
358:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
339:
333:
23:
34:needs additional citations for
420:20th-century German physicists
1:
297:Time, Quantum and Information
233:Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
410:Cold War history of Germany
135:Federal Republic of Germany
451:
327:
155:tactical nuclear weapons
206:Friedrich Adolf Paneth
145:and Defense Secretary
130:
435:German history stubs
405:1957 in West Germany
198:Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
58:"Göttingen Eighteen"
43:improve this article
139:Göttingen Manifesto
275:Multilateral Force
246:and technology in
170:Rudolf Fleischmann
147:Franz-Josef Strauß
131:Göttinger Achtzehn
123:Göttingen Eighteen
367:
366:
307:978-3-662-10557-3
186:Werner Heisenberg
119:
118:
111:
93:
442:
388:
381:
374:
345:
344:
343:
337:
329:
319:
318:
316:
314:
291:
222:
214:Wolfgang Riezler
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
450:
449:
445:
444:
443:
441:
440:
439:
395:
394:
393:
392:
338:
332:
325:
323:
322:
312:
310:
308:
293:
292:
288:
283:
271:
263:Göttingen Seven
255:university town
229:Wilhelm Walcher
225:Fritz Straßmann
216:
190:Hans Kopfermann
174:Walther Gerlach
143:Konrad Adenauer
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
16:Group of humans
12:
11:
5:
448:
446:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
397:
396:
391:
390:
383:
376:
368:
365:
364:
352:German history
347:
321:
320:
306:
285:
284:
282:
279:
278:
277:
270:
267:
250:in that time.
244:nuclear energy
202:Josef Mattauch
137:who wrote the
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
447:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
400:
389:
384:
382:
377:
375:
370:
369:
363:
361:
357:
354:article is a
353:
348:
342:
336:
331:
326:
309:
303:
299:
298:
290:
287:
280:
276:
273:
272:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
220:
215:
211:
210:Wolfgang Paul
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
360:expanding it
349:
346:
324:
311:. Retrieved
296:
289:
252:
248:West Germany
241:
194:Max von Laue
159:
122:
120:
105:
99:January 2021
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
313:26 December
217: [
399:Categories
281:References
237:Karl Wirtz
182:Otto Haxel
162:Fritz Bopp
151:Bundeswehr
69:newspapers
430:Otto Hahn
425:Göttingen
259:Göttingen
178:Otto Hahn
269:See also
166:Max Born
153:, with
83:scholar
304:
127:German
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
350:This
221:]
90:JSTOR
76:books
356:stub
315:2019
302:ISBN
235:and
121:The
62:news
257:of
45:by
401::
265:.
239:.
231:,
227:,
223:,
219:de
212:,
208:,
204:,
200:,
196:,
192:,
188:,
184:,
180:,
176:,
172:,
168:,
164:,
157:.
129::
387:e
380:t
373:v
362:.
317:.
125:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
