45:
134:
1062:
600:
Fuel gas is widely used by industrial, commercial and domestic users. Industry uses fuel gas for heating furnaces, kilns, boilers and ovens and for space heating and drying . The electricity industry uses fuel gas to power gas turbines to generate electricity. The specification of fuel gas for gas
568:
The calorific value of manufactured gas is around 500 Btu per cubic foot (18,629 kJ/m). Whereas, the calorific value of natural gas is twice that at around 1000 Btu per cubic foot (37,259 kJ/m). For a given amount of heat only half the volume of natural gas is required.
399:
Natural gas is produced with water and gas condensate. These liquids have to be removed before the gas can be used as fuel. Even after treatment the gas will be saturated and liable to condense as liquid in the pipework. This can be reduced by superheating the fuel gas.
547:(ICF) – an empirical index that relates the composition of a gas to its tendency to burn incompletely in a gas appliance. Dutton defined the ICF as: ICF = 0.64 × (W − 50.73 + 0.03 × PN) where W is the Wobbe index, MJ/m; PN is the volumetric percentage of C
113:). While their gaseous nature has advantages, avoiding the difficulty of transporting solid fuel and the dangers of spillage inherent in liquid fuels, it also has limitations. It is possible for a fuel gas to be undetected and cause a
271:, became the dominant source of fuel gas, as instead of having to be manufactured in various processes, it could be extracted from deposits in the earth. Natural gas may be combined with hydrogen to form a mixture known as
141:
There are two broad classes of fuel gases, based not on their chemical composition, but their source and the way they are produced: those found naturally, and those manufactured from other materials.
610:
On an industrial plant fuel gas may be used to purge pipework and vessels to prevent the ingress of air. Any fuel gas surplus to needs may be disposed of by burning in the plant
607:
Currently, fuel gases, especially syngas, are used heavily for the production of ammonia for fertilizers and for the preparation of many detergents and specialty chemicals.
639:
155:
Manufactured fuel gases are those produced by chemical transformations of solids, liquids, or other gases. When obtained from solids, the conversion is referred to as
617:
For users that burn gas directly fuel gas is supplied at a pressure of about 15 psi (1 barg). Gas turbines need a supply pressure of 250-350 psi (17-24 barg).
765:
1210:
604:
Fuel gas in the commercial sector is used for heating, cooking, baking and drying, and in the domestic sector for heating and cooking.
840:
656:
565:(SI) – an empirical index that relates the composition of a gas to its tendency to produce soot during combustion in a gas appliance.
699:
886:
867:
150:
1205:
966:
1013:
297:
110:
412:, Wobbe index, dewpoint, etc. The following specification is for the British National Transmission System.
1101:
996:
991:
976:
833:
1001:
986:
791:"Experimental Study of the Influence of Natural Gas Constituents on CO Emission from Chinese Gas Cooker"
457:
102:
1215:
1106:
601:
turbines may be quite stringent. Fuel gas may also be used as a feedstock for chemical processes.
1116:
1076:
429:
637:
Hiller, Heinz; Reimert, Rainer; Stönner, Hans-Martin (2011). "Gas
Production, 1. Introduction".
1200:
898:
881:
826:
695:
652:
222:
748:
802:
644:
246:
44:
971:
409:
235:
83:
408:
In addition to chemical composition fuel gas may need to comply with parameters such as
303:
The composition of natural gas varies widely, but the table shows a typical composition.
1061:
133:
933:
378:
249:. These must be removed and a substantial amount of plant may be required to do this.
1194:
1132:
590:
114:
1157:
1142:
928:
913:
908:
597:, camping stoves, and even to power vehicles, as they have a high calorific value.
578:
231:
185:
156:
648:
121:
are added to most fuel gases. The most common type of fuel gas in current use is
1179:
1174:
1081:
958:
923:
439:
264:
258:
198:
189:
180:
122:
94:
67:
1162:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1086:
594:
586:
582:
98:
49:
1169:
1091:
943:
611:
279:
176:
17:
241:
The coal gas made by the pyrolysis of coal contains impurities such a tar,
1111:
1096:
1047:
948:
918:
903:
876:
368:
227:
203:
170:
160:
118:
79:
38:
31:
1031:
1021:
807:
790:
340:
320:
286:
268:
242:
211:
106:
75:
71:
585:
and the illumination of buildings in towns. Fuel gas was also used in
1026:
938:
893:
388:
350:
330:
291:
216:
194:
87:
766:"Material comparators for end-of-waste decisions Fuels: natural gas"
132:
43:
981:
272:
207:
59:
822:
188:, largely obsolete, obtained by passing steam and air over hot
90:
that can be readily transmitted and distributed through pipes.
63:
818:
694:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 15–18, 182.
179:, largely obsolete, obtained by passing steam over hot
1125:
1069:
1040:
1012:
957:
863:
856:
278:Additional fuel gases obtained from natural gas or
27:Fuels which under ordinary conditions, are gaseous
197:, major current technology, obtained mainly from
86:, or mixtures thereof. Such gases are sources of
719:. London: Frederick Muller Limited. p. 14.
640:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
834:
733:Gas Processors Suppliers Association (2004).
8:
137:19th-century style gas lights in New Orleans
676:. London: Edward Arnold. pp. 6, 11–35.
581:, which enabled the widespread adoption of
860:
841:
827:
819:
749:"Gas Safety (Management) Regulations 1996"
593:used in laboratories. It may also be used
806:
632:
630:
414:
305:
626:
210:, once was popular and of relevance to
105:for storage or transport (for example,
692:A history of the British gas industry
7:
760:
758:
728:
726:
685:
683:
62:that under ordinary conditions are
475:Total sulphur content (including H
66:. Most fuel gases are composed of
25:
253:Well or mine extracted fuel gases
173:, obtained from pyrolysis of coal
166:Manufactured fuel gases include:
1060:
559:in a three-component mixture.
159:and the facility is known as a
101:, although some fuel gases are
527:Incomplete combustion factor*
1:
887:Underground coal gasification
737:. Tulsa: GPSA. pp. 18–9.
649:10.1002/14356007.a12_169.pub3
577:One of the earliest uses was
545:Incomplete Combustion Factor
93:Fuel gas is contrasted with
1211:Synthetic fuel technologies
467:Hydrogen sulphide content*
307:Composition of natural gas
151:History of manufactured gas
1232:
421:Content or characteristic
416:Specification of fuel gas
256:
148:
36:
29:
1058:
715:Cassidy, Richard (1979).
690:Williams, Trevor (1981).
672:Scott Wilson, D. (1969).
219:, obtained from landfills
267:, composed primarily of
30:Not to be confused with
674:The Modern Gas Industry
503:Carbon dioxide content
298:liquefied petroleum gas
206:, obtained mainly from
111:liquified petroleum gas
1102:Natural-gas processing
138:
58:is one of a number of
52:
864:Manufactured fuel gas
735:Engineering Data Book
430:Gross calorific value
263:In the 20th century,
145:Manufactured fuel gas
136:
47:
589:, in particular the
458:Hydrocarbon dewpoint
452:<-10 °C @ 85barg
1107:Natural gas storage
717:Gas: Natural Energy
417:
360:Other hydrocarbons
308:
117:. For this reason,
48:Blue flame of fuel
1117:Pipeline transport
1077:Compressor station
808:10.3390/en12203997
487:Hydrogen content*
444:47.2 – 51.41 MJ/m
415:
306:
139:
53:
1188:
1187:
1056:
1055:
899:Blast furnace gas
882:Coal gasification
542:
541:
514:<5.0% (molar)
511:Nitrogen content
434:37.0 – 44.5 MJ/m
397:
396:
223:Blast furnace gas
129:Types of fuel gas
16:(Redirected from
1223:
1206:Industrial gases
1064:
861:
843:
836:
829:
820:
813:
812:
810:
786:
780:
779:
777:
775:
770:
762:
753:
752:
745:
739:
738:
730:
721:
720:
712:
706:
705:
687:
678:
677:
669:
663:
662:
634:
573:Uses of fuel gas
495:Oxygen content*
418:
309:
247:hydrogen sulfide
21:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1121:
1065:
1052:
1036:
1008:
953:
865:
852:
847:
817:
816:
788:
787:
783:
773:
771:
768:
764:
763:
756:
747:
746:
742:
732:
731:
724:
714:
713:
709:
702:
689:
688:
681:
671:
670:
666:
659:
636:
635:
628:
623:
575:
558:
554:
550:
478:
449:Water dewpoint
410:calorific value
406:
261:
255:
236:Steam reforming
153:
147:
131:
84:carbon monoxide
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1070:Infrastructure
1067:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
963:
961:
955:
954:
952:
951:
946:
941:
936:
934:Regasification
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
890:
889:
884:
873:
871:
858:
854:
853:
848:
846:
845:
838:
831:
823:
815:
814:
781:
754:
740:
722:
707:
700:
679:
664:
658:978-3527306732
657:
625:
624:
622:
619:
574:
571:
556:
552:
548:
540:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
516:
515:
512:
508:
507:
506:≤2.0% (molar)
504:
500:
499:
498:≤0.2% (molar)
496:
492:
491:
490:≤0.1% (molar)
488:
484:
483:
480:
476:
472:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
454:
453:
450:
446:
445:
442:
436:
435:
432:
426:
425:
422:
405:
402:
395:
394:
391:
385:
384:
381:
379:Carbon dioxide
375:
374:
371:
365:
364:
361:
357:
356:
353:
347:
346:
343:
337:
336:
333:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
315:Volume %
313:
301:
300:
294:
289:
254:
251:
239:
238:
225:
220:
214:
201:
192:
183:
174:
146:
143:
130:
127:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1228:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Bunsen burner
1131:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
962:
960:
956:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
878:
875:
874:
872:
869:
862:
859:
855:
851:
844:
839:
837:
832:
830:
825:
824:
821:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:Duan (2019).
785:
782:
767:
761:
759:
755:
750:
744:
741:
736:
729:
727:
723:
718:
711:
708:
703:
697:
693:
686:
684:
680:
675:
668:
665:
660:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:
633:
631:
627:
620:
618:
615:
613:
608:
605:
602:
598:
596:
592:
591:Bunsen burner
588:
584:
580:
572:
570:
566:
564:
560:
546:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
525:
521:
519:Total inerts
518:
517:
513:
510:
509:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
493:
489:
486:
485:
481:
474:
473:
469:
466:
465:
461:
459:
456:
455:
451:
448:
447:
443:
441:
440:Wobbe number*
438:
437:
433:
431:
428:
427:
423:
420:
419:
413:
411:
404:Specification
403:
401:
392:
390:
387:
386:
382:
380:
377:
376:
372:
370:
367:
366:
362:
359:
358:
354:
352:
349:
348:
344:
342:
339:
338:
334:
332:
329:
328:
324:
322:
319:
318:
314:
311:
310:
304:
299:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
283:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
260:
252:
250:
248:
244:
237:
233:
229:
226:
224:
221:
218:
215:
213:
209:
205:
202:
200:
196:
193:
191:
187:
184:
182:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
167:
164:
162:
158:
152:
144:
142:
135:
128:
126:
124:
120:
116:
115:gas explosion
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
51:
46:
40:
33:
19:
1158:Gas lighting
1143:Gas cylinder
929:Producer gas
914:Landfill gas
909:Gasification
849:
801:(20): 3997.
798:
794:
784:
772:. Retrieved
743:
734:
716:
710:
691:
673:
667:
638:
616:
609:
606:
603:
599:
579:gas lighting
576:
567:
562:
561:
544:
543:
535:Soot index*
407:
398:
302:
277:
262:
240:
232:Electrolysis
186:Producer gas
165:
157:gasification
154:
140:
95:liquid fuels
92:
68:hydrocarbons
55:
54:
18:Gaseous fuel
1180:Pilot light
1175:Gas turbine
1082:Gas carrier
959:Natural gas
924:Pintsch gas
774:15 November
595:gas heaters
587:gas burners
583:streetlamps
296:Regasified
265:natural gas
259:fossil fuel
199:natural gas
123:natural gas
99:solid fuels
50:gas burners
1216:Combustion
1195:Categories
1163:Gas mantle
1153:Gas heater
1148:Gas engine
1138:Gas burner
1087:Gas holder
701:0198581572
621:References
563:Soot Index
462:<-2 °C
312:Component
257:See also:
149:See also:
1170:Gas stove
1092:Gas meter
944:Water gas
612:gas flare
522:<7.0%
482:≤50 mg/m
280:petroleum
177:Water gas
119:odorizers
103:liquefied
70:(such as
1201:Fuel gas
1112:Odorizer
1097:Gasworks
1048:Hydrogen
949:Wood gas
919:Mond gas
904:Blau gas
877:Coal gas
850:Fuel gas
795:Energies
614:system.
470:≤5 mg/m
369:Nitrogen
228:Hydrogen
212:biofuels
204:Wood gas
171:Coal gas
161:gasworks
80:hydrogen
56:Fuel gas
39:fuel oil
37:Compare
32:gasoline
1032:Propane
1022:Autogas
1002:Bio-SNG
868:History
341:Propane
321:Methane
287:Propane
269:methane
243:ammonia
107:autogas
76:propane
72:methane
64:gaseous
1027:Butane
939:Syngas
894:Biogas
698:
655:
555:plus N
538:≤0.60
530:≤0.48
424:Value
389:Helium
351:Butane
331:Ethane
325:93.63
292:Butane
217:Biogas
195:Syngas
88:energy
1041:Other
857:Types
769:(PDF)
393:0.05
383:0.13
373:1.78
363:0.20
355:0.27
345:0.69
335:3.25
230:from
60:fuels
1126:Uses
982:HCNG
776:2023
696:ISBN
653:ISBN
479:S)*
273:HCNG
245:and
208:wood
190:coke
181:coke
109:and
97:and
74:and
1014:LPG
997:SNG
992:NGC
987:LNG
977:CNG
972:CBM
967:APG
803:doi
645:doi
234:or
78:),
1197::
799:12
797:.
793:.
757:^
725:^
682:^
651:.
643:.
629:^
282::
275:.
163:.
125:.
82:,
870:)
866:(
842:e
835:t
828:v
811:.
805::
778:.
751:.
704:.
661:.
647::
557:2
553:8
551:H
549:3
477:2
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
