553:
stating that the situation in Afrin is safe even though we hear on a daily basis the cases of kidnapping, killing, torture, and rape practiced by the occupation army and its mercenaries against our people who remained in Afrin. These conditions and the presence of the occupiers and mercenaries on our soil are extremely dangerous because this enemy is ruthless and its goal is to annihilate our people and eliminate the spirit of resistance. Therefore, our people must be certain that Afrin will be liberated sooner or later from the
Turkish occupation and its mercenaries, and then, we will all return together with our heads up."
549:, "The departure of our people from Afrin was not by their will as you know, but they were forced to do so in order to preserve their lives and dignity from the brutality of the Turkish terrorism and its mercenaries, our people did not surrender and they are still continuing the Resistance of the Age in their second stage. The resistance of the People and Women's Protection Units is also continuing in Afrin, and our people must be certain that we will all return together to Afrin thanks to this resistance."
502:, to return the region to "its rightful owners." In a final appeal for moral justice, Îbrahîm stated, "We should not be destroyed because our struggle for democracy and freedom curtails Erdogan's ambitions. We should not be destroyed because we kept IS and al-Qaeda out of our region. By the end of January, the Turkish forces had made "minimal" territorial progress into Afrin with both sides suffering numerous casualties and thousands of civilians from the region being displaced as a result of the operation.
643:, "I want all women, particularly Kurdish women, to be successful. And I can state that Kurdish women will lead all the other women in the world. We want the women of Rojava to participate in self-rule in the administrative level. We want them to work more, because women have always been ignored in the past. Women in Rojava have led the revolution. For this very reason, they need to take their very well deserved posts in the administrations."
490:, stating, "He accuses all Kurds of being terrorists by virtue of their birth. But, today it is not only the Kurds who are being attacked by Erdogan. Turkish prisons are filled with peaceful political activists from a wide variety of backgrounds, yet all are accused of terrorism." She accused Erdogan of wanting to remove the "freedom" to a "democratic alternative" in the region and of pushing for an
357:. Îbrahîm described it in a 30 July 2014 interview as, "comparatively quiet," stating, "At this point, we have a sort of coexistence with the FSA and the government troops stationed in Nubl. As long as they don't attack us, we don't attack them." In the same interview in 2014, Îbrahîm showed optimism regarding the tranquility and diversity that had been achieved in
510:
Afrin civilian death count had reached at least 160 by this point, including twenty-six children. Echoing her statement from weeks past, she criticized
Erdogan's tactics and intentions. She accused the Turkish army of "targeting infrastructure, including mosques, schools, dams, water pumping stations, and food depots." Additionally, she called upon the
486:. She explained, "the fact that IS never took control of our region has limited the American presence here, and we are now paying the price. Unlike some other regions of northern Syria, we do not have U.S. military bases or even military observers." In addition to calling for assistance from the U.S., she attacked Turkish President Recep
584:
land and home. These policies have had a profound effect on the people. Families suffered material damage. Families were separated. They were lost. Many people were killed. In the countries where they migrated, those states promoted those dirty markets. The states have run games on them. They have been political."
361:, despite the ongoing regional conflict; "We have Sunnis, Shiites, Yazidi, and Alevi here who live together peacefully. In Afrin, there are Kurds, Arabs, and other minorities who have no problems with each other. They share a certain cohesion, which shows that this could also be the case in other parts of Syria."
552:
In the same 9 May meeting, she again alleged abusive conditions from the
Turkish occupiers yet still declared that the resistance will not be eliminated, "The Turkish occupation army and its mercenaries want to undermine the will of our people through the propaganda that they publish among the people
537:
canton on 9 May 2018. She called upon the people of Afrin to be proud of the historic nature of their resistance, "Our peoples must be proud of their resistance which has put its mark in the history of resistances of the peoples who call for their freedom and who are stuck to their land and identity.
444:
arrived in northern Syria as part of an agreement between Afrin YPG commanders and
Russian military command in Syria. Russian forces set up a military installation in northern region of Afrin, along the Turkish border. The presence of Russian troops was seen as an attempt by the Afrin region to deter
615:
as a democratic alternative to the traditional state, can be seen in the administrative set up of the Rojava cantons. Democratic
Confederalism involves decisions being made on a local basis with separate regions having complete autonomous control over their assets, with the local communities linked
529:
in a deserted Afrin after pushing out Afrin YPG resistance fighters and displacing thousands of civilians to secure the city. After gaining control of the city, the
Turkish fighters and their allies occupied the city and intermittently engaged in skirmishes with remaining resistance and insurgency
436:
cantons, while also carving out territory for a wall to be constructed along Syria's northern border for "security and to prevent smuggling." For over a year, Turkish and Afrin YPG forces participated in on-again, off-again conflict, mainly involving Turkey targeting the Afrin city and countryside
583:
On 17 October, two weeks following her election, she detailed the gruesome costs of conflict in the war-torn region, "Those who promote war do not think about the people. Not thinking of the civilian population and spreading terror and its brutality has left millions of Syrian people out of their
509:
that had been in place for four days by Russia, with Turkey claiming the death of over one thousand "terrorists," Îbrahîm and other Afrin administrative leaders held a press conference discussing the region's reaction to the operation. Îbrahîm had harsh words for the
Turkish forces, claiming the
399:
was blamed for the death of four
Turkish police officials and Turkish forces retaliated by bombing PKK camps in Iraq. Around a month after, the fragile truce held between al Nusra and Afrin YPG fighters came to an end following the mortar shelling of villages near
465:
to justify the invasion. Regarding the first weekend of skirmishes and heavy bombardment, Îbrahîm described the situation; "Most of the wounded are civilians. There are clashes. There's artillery and shelling. Our units are fiercely responding to the occupation."
469:
On 22 January, Îbrahîm was urgent in her opinion piece in the
Washington Post, she's quoted, "Washington must act soon. Time is running out. U.S. diplomacy appears to be having little effect on Turkey, and this is not a surprise." She pointed to the fact that
538:
This resistance will be perpetuated by history because the resistance of our people for fifty-eight days proved to the world that our people have the will of strong resistance based on the adherence to the martyrs' blood."
404:, in Afrin. The attack marked the first instance of violence in the region since February 2015, killing five civilians and injuring dozens more. The YPG forces responded with artillery fire on the al Nusra headquarters.
412:
On 19 February 2016, after indicating that they may send ground forces into Syria, Turkey began shelling the city of Afrin and other
Kurdish villages, killing at least five civilians. Additionally,
1005:
301:, Foreign Minister and Deputy Foreign Minister, respectively, and PYD European Executive Committee member Ibrahim Ibrahim. In November 2014, the delegation met with multiple groups including,
975:
556:
Later in May, she also criticized the "silence of the Syrian sides" in regards to the Turkish occupation. The Turkey and its allied forces have remained in control of the region since
1162:
1365:
457:
to "establish security and stability on our borders and region, to eliminate terrorists of PKK/KCK/PYD-YPG and Daesh." The operation directly declared Îbrahîm's party, the
912:
592:Îbrahîm has no published political manifesto and most of what is known of her views is observed through her actions as a revolutionary. However, Îbrahîm has referred to
576:, held a meeting to elect the executives of the committees in the assembly. Îbrahîm was elected co-chair of the Interior Affairs Committee alongside fellow co-chair
424:, in the north, and Sucukoy, in the west, with the Turkish crossing about 1000 feet into northern Syria. The Turkish forces operation was an attempt to cutoff the
1350:
628:. The three autonomous regions of Rojava connected through the Democratic Federation of North and East Syria are an example of this type of political structure.
569:
1195:
1370:
1013:
942:
1355:
1360:
152:
596:
as the leader of the Kurdish people and that his teachings have been adopted as principles by Kurds. This is not surprising as her party, the
1305:
979:
891:
881:
324:
Between 2015 and 2017, she gave various statements to Arab, Western, Kurdish, and PKK media outlets about the situation in Afrin and called
1375:
542:
479:
354:
314:
739:
321:, their vision for a model of democratic autonomy, to their expectations of assistance from Europe given their various impending threats.
1246:
1166:
1345:
1380:
852:
188:
in 1937–38. However, the theory lacks evidence and it is generally believed her family originated from one of two possible cities in
1061:
1271:
1035:
778:
920:
511:
212:, working as a teacher for twenty-five years. She began teaching in her early twenties, in 1987, before moving to the city of
597:
458:
266:
180:. It is unclear exactly how her family ended up in Mabeta, with one theory suggesting that her family was forced to flee the
144:
115:
639:, and female oppressed identities in forming her political views. She had this to say about women leading the resistance in
270:
533:
Among those who had fled the region due to the Turkish advance was Îbrahîm, who spoke at a meeting of Afrin women in the
611:
Given her statements regarding Öcalan's teaching being adopted by the Kurdish people, it makes sense that his theory of
483:
1196:"Hevi Mustafa: Our adherence to our resistance is guarantee of return with dignity – ANHA | HAWARNEWS | English"
612:
417:
384:
ceasefire continued. This lack of violence allowed for the further political and cultural development of the
515:
1134:
1100:
883:
Battle for the Mountain of the Kurds: Self-Determination and Ethnic Cleansing in the Afrin Region of Rojava
1340:
557:
454:
705:
313:, co-president of Green Group. The delegation discussed topics ranging from their military struggle with
265:
cantons. In an interview in 2014, she stated the declaration of autonomy was, in part, a response to the
1272:"Hevî Mustefa: Têkoşina kurdan dê li Sûriye aramiyê pêş bixe | Radio Dengê Welat – Zindî, Live, Canlı"
577:
1335:
401:
298:
294:
286:
234:
1220:
829:
261:
woman had held in modern times and she was the only female prime minister appointed of the three
104:
593:
325:
257:, Îbrahîm was appointed prime minister. Her appointment marked the highest political position a
747:
1311:
1301:
1006:"In pictures: US and Russian military units patrol Kurdish-controlled areas in northern Syria"
976:"Turkey strikes Kurdish city of Afrin northern Syria, civilian casualties reported – ARA News"
950:
887:
821:
518:
by the Turkish, and their allies, and take a firm stand to end human suffering in the region.
813:
625:
522:
491:
350:
238:
217:
193:
185:
181:
1163:"Turkish forces and Free Syrian Army group 'capture' Afrin city | Turkey News | Al Jazeera"
1069:
605:
546:
526:
487:
441:
413:
373:
318:
1329:
833:
534:
433:
310:
254:
604:
party, founded by Öcalan in 1978. The party has been banned in Turkey following its
652:
475:
429:
369:
358:
342:
290:
246:
213:
177:
148:
36:
416:
joined in the attack, shelling various Kurdish headquarters throughout Afrin. The
804:
Bengio, Ofra (15 January 2016). "Game Changers: Kurdish Women in Peace and War".
151:(originally Afrin Canton until August 2017), a de facto autonomous region of the
1101:"Kurdish official urges US no-fly zone against Turkish warplanes pounding Afrin"
506:
499:
471:
306:
197:
328:
the leader of the Kurdish people with their principles based on his teachings.
680:
302:
249:
declared autonomy, following similar declarations earlier in the month by the
1315:
954:
825:
1062:"Airstrikes pound Syria's Afrin as Turkey launches 'Operation Olive Branch'"
462:
45:
250:
580:. Typical to the Rojava model, one man and one woman head each committee.
617:
169:
100:
636:
621:
570:
Northern and Eastern Syria Autonomous Administration Executive Assembly
128:
449:
Operation Olive Branch and Turkish Occupation (January 2018 – present)
408:
Turkish Aggression and Russian Alliance (February 2016 – January 2018)
913:"Nusra militants shell Kurdish areas in Syria's Afrin, Kurds respond"
640:
573:
385:
381:
346:
274:
262:
242:
209:
189:
173:
817:
482:
as the reason for the lack of adequate defense capabilities of the
1135:"Turkey's attacks on Afrin kill 160 civilians, displace thousands"
853:"Afrin Canton delegation meets officials from European Parliament"
632:
495:
421:
305:, head of the European Parliament's Foreign Relations Commission,
258:
461:, and its affiliates as main targets, while labeling the group
395:
formally ended its ceasefire with the Turkish forces after the
1247:"Co-chairs for Autonomous Administration's committees elected"
601:
425:
396:
392:
377:
365:
285:
As prime minister, she attended meetings with officials from
505:
On 9 February, one day following the removal of a temporary
1036:"Turkey launches border security mission in Syria's Afrin"
880:
Schmidinger, Thomas; Grubacic, Andrej (1 February 2019).
277:
would not recognize any decision made by the conference.
943:"The truce between Turkey and Kurdish militants is over"
616:
by a common confederation. Its foundations are based in
353:
Civil War, given they did not share a border with the
245:
movement became a reality. On 29 January 2014, as the
1221:"Hêvî Mustefa Behsa Roja Cîhanî ya Ji bo Efrînê Dike"
453:
On 19 January 2018, the Turkish government announced
445:
a Turkish Army invasion of YPG controlled positions.
337:
Relative Peace and End of Al Nusra Truce (2014–2015)
572:, essentially the governing body of all regions of
545:, she remained clear that the goal was a return to
124:
111:
94:
89:
75:
65:
34:
23:
681:"Head of Afrin Canton: 'We Exist and We Are Here'"
631:Îbrahîm has highlighted the importance of her
706:"Kurdish women's unknown history of struggle"
237:pulled out of the region in 2012, amidst the
153:Democratic Federation of North and East Syria
8:
600:, is ideologically aligned with the banned
1366:Democratic Union Party (Syria) politicians
779:"Afrin and the Race for the Azaz Corridor"
498:after discussing implementing a policy of
20:
216:amidst the unrest and uncertainty of the
1300:. Cologne: International Initiative Ed.
674:
672:
670:
668:
664:
1291:
1289:
521:On 18 March, Turkish forces and their
224:Term as Prime Minister of Afrin Region
1351:21st-century Syrian women politicians
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1157:
1155:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
999:
997:
7:
907:
905:
903:
875:
873:
847:
845:
843:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
733:
731:
729:
727:
564:Interior Affairs Committee Co-Chair
208:Îbrahîm spent considerable time in
1371:People from Al-Hasakah Governorate
1010:AMN – Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز
530:fighters, while looting the city.
37:Prime Minister of the Afrin Region
14:
1068:. 21 January 2018. Archived from
978:. 3 November 2016. Archived from
919:. 30 August 2015. Archived from
738:Gündemi, Suriye (3 March 2018).
1356:21st-century Syrian politicians
1165:. 18 March 2018. Archived from
710:Kurd Net – Ekurd.net Daily News
512:United Nations Security Council
309:, President of Left Group, and
16:Syrian-Kurdish woman politician
1361:People of the Syrian civil war
269:having been excluded from the
1:
1004:Yakovlev, Ivan (1 May 2017).
229:Appointment as prime minister
349:canton by the combat of the
147:(PYD) prime minister of the
1376:21st-century Kurdish people
98:1967 (age 56–57)
1397:
1346:Syrian Kurdish politicians
1381:Kurdish women in politics
1296:Öcalan, Abdullah (2013).
1227:(in Kurdish). 26 May 2018
372:had reached a truce with
293:delegation that included
134:
85:
53:
42:
30:
1298:Democratic confederalism
613:Democratic Confederalism
437:with artillery strikes.
235:Syrian Government forces
806:The Middle East Journal
568:On 3 October 2018, the
516:human rights violations
345:was the least affected
281:International diplomacy
241:, the framework of the
740:"Hevi Ibrahim Mustefa"
558:Operation Olive Branch
455:Operation Olive Branch
145:Democratic Union Party
116:Democratic Union Party
474:never were needed in
391:On 25 July 2015, the
608:that began in 1978.
428:from connecting the
388:framework in Afrin.
271:Geneva II conference
168:Îbrahîm was born in
141:Hêvî Îbrahîm Mustefa
25:Hêvî Îbrahîm Mustefa
514:to end the alleged
287:European Parliament
172:in the province of
71:Ebdil Hemid Mistefa
1072:on 21 January 2018
1016:on 13 October 2017
982:on 3 November 2016
923:on 19 October 2017
785:. 24 February 2016
679:Civiroglu, Mutlu.
543:Turkish occupation
525:allies raised the
332:Military Conflicts
81:Office established
1307:978-3-941012-47-9
1274:. 17 October 2018
1042:. 20 January 2018
893:978-1-62963-655-9
273:, declaring that
204:Teacher in Aleppo
138:
137:
1388:
1320:
1319:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
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1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1169:on 18 March 2018
1159:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1131:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1097:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1012:. Archived from
1001:
992:
991:
989:
987:
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
949:. 26 July 2015.
939:
933:
932:
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909:
898:
897:
877:
868:
867:
865:
863:
849:
838:
837:
801:
795:
794:
792:
790:
775:
760:
759:
757:
755:
746:. Archived from
735:
722:
721:
719:
717:
702:
696:
695:
693:
691:
676:
626:direct democracy
606:armed insurgency
578:Elî Mustefa Heco
523:Free Syrian Army
492:ethnic cleansing
368:fighters in the
239:Syrian Civil War
218:Syrian Civil War
186:Dersim rebellion
182:Tunceli Province
90:Personal details
78:
58:
21:
1396:
1395:
1391:
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1029:
1019:
1017:
1003:
1002:
995:
985:
983:
974:
973:
969:
959:
957:
941:
940:
936:
926:
924:
911:
910:
901:
894:
879:
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871:
861:
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851:
850:
841:
818:10.3751/70.1.12
803:
802:
798:
788:
786:
777:
776:
763:
753:
751:
750:on 5 March 2020
737:
736:
725:
715:
713:
704:
703:
699:
689:
687:
678:
677:
666:
661:
649:
594:Abdullah Öcalan
590:
588:Political views
566:
451:
440:In April 2017,
410:
364:By early 2015,
339:
334:
326:Abdullah Öcalan
283:
231:
226:
206:
166:
161:
119:
112:Political party
99:
76:
70:
60:
54:
49:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1306:
1285:
1263:
1238:
1212:
1180:
1151:
1117:
1083:
1053:
1027:
993:
967:
934:
899:
892:
869:
839:
796:
761:
744:Suriye Gündemi
723:
712:. 4 April 2015
697:
663:
662:
660:
657:
656:
655:
648:
645:
589:
586:
565:
562:
488:Tayyip Erdogan
478:to dispel the
450:
447:
442:Russian forces
420:attacked from
418:Turkish forces
409:
406:
338:
335:
333:
330:
299:Cihan Muhammed
295:Sûleyman Cafer
289:as part of an
282:
279:
230:
227:
225:
222:
205:
202:
176:, part of the
165:
162:
160:
157:
136:
135:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
120:(2014–present)
113:
109:
108:
96:
92:
91:
87:
86:
83:
82:
79:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
56:Assumed office
51:
50:
43:
40:
39:
32:
31:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1379:
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1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
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1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:Living people
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1337:
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1317:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1292:
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1286:
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1222:
1216:
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1201:
1200:hawarnews.com
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1128:
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1007:
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981:
977:
971:
968:
956:
952:
948:
947:The Economist
944:
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780:
774:
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766:
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749:
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741:
734:
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728:
724:
711:
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686:
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531:
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481:
480:Islamic State
477:
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