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to have been a true
General (or Ecumenical) Council with authority to proclaim dogma. Such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised in 1323 and declared "Doctor Angelicus" of the Church in 1567) that the Council of Trent (1545–63) – which might have been expected to affirm the doctrine – instead declined to take a position. It simply reaffirmed the constitutions of
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1880:(1962–1965), although the Council indicated that it had not addressed all Marian issues. The Council members had in depth discussions regarding the question of whether to treat Mary within the Constitution of the Church or outside it in a separate document. The final decision, by a vote of 1114–1074, resulted in the treatment of Marian issues within the Church Constitution, as chapter eight of
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932:. The twelfth and thirteenth centuries saw an extraordinary growth of the cult of the Virgin in western Europe, in part inspired by the writings of theologians such as Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153). One of the most influential churchmen of his time, in his "Sermon on the Sunday in the Octave of the Assumption" he described Mary's participation in redemption. Bernard's
836:
existed before time and before Mary, and that Mary was mother only of Jesus as a human, so calling her "Mother of God" was confusing and potentially heretical. Both sides agreed that Jesus took divinity from God the Father and humanity from his mother. The majority at the council agreed with the Pope
732:
Throughout history, Catholics have continued to build churches to honor the
Blessed Virgin. Today, many Catholic churches dedicated to the Blessed Virgin exist on all continents and, in a sense, their evolving architecture tells the unfolding story of the development of Catholic Mariology. Throughout
1941:
The Marian chapter has five parts which link Mary to the salvation mysteries which continue in the Church, which Christ has founded as his mystical body. Her role in relation to her son is a subordinate one. Highlighted are her personality and fullness of grace. The second part describes her role in
1773:
Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's immaculate conception. The doctrine itself had been endorsed by the
Council of Basel (1431–1449), and by the end of the 15th century was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties. The Council of Basel was later held not
1897:
have commented that these issues would forever alter
Catholic practices and views, including those surrounding the Virgin Mary. These changes reflected the council's desire to make the Church more ecumenical and less isolated as it increasingly had become in the past century. One of the roadblocks
1017:
defended the doctrine. Scotus proposed a solution to the theological problem of reconciling the doctrine with that of the universal redemption in Christ, by arguing that Mary's immaculate conception did not remove her from redemption by Christ. Rather it was the result of a more perfect redemption
769:
in 1995. The importance of Mary and of Marian theology can be seen in the Church after the third century. The New
Testament Gospels, composed during the late 1st century, contain the first references to the life of Mary; the New Testament Epistles, composed earlier, make no mention of her by name.
1958:
Following
Vatican II, the perception that Marian devotions had decreased was expressed by several authors. Other authors have indicated that the continued strength of devotion to Mary within Catholicism following Vatican II has been manifested in multiple forms worldwide. Examples of this are the
1936:
By reason of the gift and role of divine maternity, by which she is united with her Son, the
Redeemer, and with His singular graces and functions, the Blessed Virgin is also intimately united with the Church. As St. Ambrose taught, the Mother of God is a type of the Church in the order of faith,
1909:
Some observers interpreted the renunciation of this document on Mary as minimalism, others interpreted her inclusion as a chapter into the Church document as underlining her role for the Church. With the inclusion of Marian issues within the
Constitution of the Church rather than in a separate
1942:
salvation history. Her role as a mediator is detailed, as Mary is considered to secure our salvation through her many intercessions after her assumption into heaven. The
Council refused to adopt the title mediator of all graces and emphasized that Christ is the one mediator.
1974:
The perceived impact of concessions to ecumenism made at
Vatican II did not impact the fundamental loyalties to Mary among Catholics and their attachment to Marian veneration. A 1998 survey among young adult Catholics in the United States provided the following results:
992:
who expressed questions about the subject, but said that he would accept the determination of the Church. Aquinas and Bonaventure, for example, believed that Mary was completely free from sin, but that she was not given this grace at the instant of her conception.
1672:(1696–1787), an Italian, whose culture was less affected by the Enlightenment. "Overall, Catholic Mariology during the Enlightenment lost its high level of development and sophistication, but the basics were kept, on which the 19th century was able to build."
2061:
as a key devotion for all Catholics and added the Luminous Mysteries to the Rosary. By 2005, when he died, he had inspired a worldwide renewal of Marian devotions, that was reflected upon on the occasion of his death within non-Catholic media such as
1741:, nine Mariological petitions favored a possible Assumption dogma. It was strongly opposed by some council fathers, especially those from Germany. On 8 May, a majority of the fathers voted to reject making the Assumption a dogma, a position shared by
1034:
dealt with the major objection to Mary's sinlessness from conception, that being her need for redemption. The very divine act, in making Mary sinless at the first instant of her conception was, he argued, the most perfect form of redemption possible.
1281:, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giovanni Bellini, Caravaggio and Rubens. The early Renaissance saw an increased emphasis on Christ crucified and therefore Mary as the Sorrowful Mother, an object of compassionate devotion. Artists such as
908:
developed within the Catholic Church over time. The Conception of Mary was celebrated as a liturgical feast in England from the 9th century, and the doctrine of her "holy" or "immaculate" conception was first formulated in a tract by
754:
1658:
as not Jesus-oriented and too mechanical. In some places, priests forbade the praying of the Rosary during Mass. The highly conservative rural Bavarian dioceses of Passau outlawed Marian prayer books and related articles in 1785.
778:
of Lyons called Mary the "second Eve" because through Mary and her willing acceptance of God's choice, God undid the harm that was done through Eve's choice to eat the forbidden fruit. The earliest recorded prayer to Mary is the
1329:
As a reflection of this theological opposition, Protestant reformers destroyed much religious art and Marian statues and paintings in churches in northern Europe and England. Some of the Protestant reformers, in particular
888:
became widespread across the Christian world from the 6th century onward, and is celebrated on 15 August in both the East and the West. The Medieval period brought major champions of Marian devotion to the fore, including
1970:
in Brazil used to receive about four million pilgrims per year, but the number has since doubled to over eight million pilgrims per year, indicating the significant increase in Marian pilgrimages since Vatican II.
1898:
towards finding common ground was the complaint by other faiths regarding the Church's dogmas on the Virgin Mary, and especially the fervor of the Catholic laity to preserve Mary at the center of their devotions.
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was accredited to her "and signified the beginning of a strong resurgence of Marian devotions, focusing especially on Mary, the Queen of Heaven and Earth and her powerful role as mediator of many graces". The
2030:
and he reoriented the Catholic Church towards the renewal of Marian veneration. In March 1987 he went further than Paul VI in extending the Catholic views on Mary beyond Vatican II by issuing the encyclical
2080:
continued the program of redirection of the Catholic Church towards a Marian focus and stated: "Let us carry on and imitate Mary, a deeply Eucharistic soul, and our lives will become a Magnificat". In 2008
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Pope John Paul II stated that the Second Vatican Council confirmed that: "unless one looks to the Mother of God, it is impossible to understand the mystery of the Church". In 2002 in the Apostolic letter
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would either imply that Jesus was not divine, or that Jesus had two separate personhoods, one of whom was son of Mary and the other not. Ultimately, the council affirmed the use of the title
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1760:(1878–1903) because he issued a record eleven encyclicals on the Rosary, instituted the Catholic custom of daily Rosary prayer during the month of October, and in 1883 created the Feast of
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1967:
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Young Catholics stated that in their view the "passionate love of God" is revealed through Mary, possibly as a result of the Marian emphasis of the pontificate of Pope John Paul II.
1785:, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Roman Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851 and 1853, proclaimed the doctrine in accordance with the conditions of
1770:, wrote of the Eve-Mary parallel in support of Mary's original state of grace (Immaculate Conception), her part in redemption, her eschatological fulfilment and her intercession.
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1604:
Austria in the year 1782). Some theologians proposed the abolition of all Marian feast days altogether, except those with biblical foundations and the feast of the Assumption.
637:
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832:
preferred the title Christotokos meaning "Christ-bearer" or "Mother of the Messiah" not because they denied Jesus' divinity, but because they believed that God the Son or
1710:
Eight years earlier, in 1846, the Pope had granted the unanimous wish of the bishops from the United States, and declared the Immaculata the patron of the US. During the
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1269:, observed by the Franciscans since 1263 but strenuously opposed by the Dominicans and still highly-controversial in the fifteenth century. Around the time of the
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in 1453 many Orthodox monks fled to the West, bringing with them traditions of iconography. Depictions of the Madonna and Child can be traced to the Eastern
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7, Proceedings of the First Franciscan National Marian Congress in Acclamation of the Dogma of the Assumption, October 8–11, 1950 Burlington, Wisconsin
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was also discussed but left open. In its support, Council fathers highlighted the divine motherhood of Mary and called her the mother of all graces.
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3408:"12 September 2008: Celebration of Vespers with priests, religious, seminarians and deacons gathered at Notre-Dame Cathedral (Paris) | BENEDICT XVI"
1417:
The baroque literature on Mary experienced unforeseen growth with over 500 pages of Mariological writings during the 17th century alone. The Jesuit
1378:
confirmed the Catholic tradition of paintings and artworks in churches. This resulted in a great development of Marian art and Mariology during the
1001:. His many sermons on the Virgin Mary shaped the Mariological approach of many Franciscans who followed his approach for centuries after his death.
630:
3407:
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2007:
provided four separate guidelines for the renewal of Marian veneration, the last two of which were new in Papal teachings. The four elements were:
1703:, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Roman Catholic bishops whom he had consulted between 1851 and 1853, proclaimed the dogma of the
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120:
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1868:
Prior to Vatican II, the French Mariological Society held a three-year series of Marian studies on the theme of Mary in relation to the Church.
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957:”, in which the Christ Child is presented frontally as the sum of divine wisdom, seem to have originated in Byzantium. This was much used in
322:
828:. Theotokos means "God-bearer" or "Mother of God"; its use implies that Jesus, to whom Mary gave birth, is truly God and man in one person.
6270:
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1619:. The church is full of Marian symbolism: the great dome represents her crown, and the eight sides, the eight points on her symbolic star.
327:
125:
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52:
1966:
in Mexico City, built between 1974 and 1976, being the most visited Catholic shrine in the world. In 1968, shortly after Vatican II, the
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method on Mariology and is considered the father of systematic Mariology. Other well-known contributors to baroque Mariology are
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1979:
Devotion to Mary had not been reduced in any significant manner since Vatican II, despite the various statements made about its
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This popularity was at times accompanied with Marian excesses and alleged revelations of the Virgin Mary to individuals like
1374:(now the Netherlands and Belgium and parts of Northern France) in the summer of 1566. In the middle of the 16th century, the
402:
58:
2089:
You became, in a new way, the Mother of all those who receive your Son Jesus in faith and choose to follow in his footsteps.
1959:
increase in Marian pilgrimages at major Marian shrines and the construction of major new Marian Basilicas since Vatican II.
1845:. At the popular level, the 20th century witnessed growth in the number of lay Marian devotional organizations such as free
2194:
Galatians 4:4, "But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the Law" (NASB)
946:, issued in commemoration of the eighth centenary of Bernard's death, quotes extensively from Bernard's sermon on Mary as "
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K Algermissen, Boes, Egelhard, Feckes, Michael Schmaus, Lexikon der Marienkunde, Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, 1967
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1042:(1265–1268) created a poem on the seven joys of Mary, which in its form is considered an early version of the Franciscan
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1778:, which had threatened with excommunication anyone on either side of the controversy who accused the others of heresy.
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1962:
At the end of the 20th century, two of the top three most visited Catholic shrines in the world were Marian, with the
1026:– God could do it, it was fitting that He did it, and so He did it. Gradually the idea that Mary had been cleansed of
31:
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860:. Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Lutheran and Anglican theological teaching affirms the title
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807:. This shows the influence of early traditions and views on Mary in modern times. This view was emphasized by Pope
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of Christ's death on the cross. Scotus' defense of the immaculist thesis was summed up by one of his followers as
811:
in 1997, and today Mary is viewed as the Mother of the Church by many Catholics, and also as the Queen of Heaven.
765:"Many centuries were necessary to arrive at the explicit definition of the revealed truths concerning Mary," said
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were built, often laden with Marian symbols, and popular Marian devotions continued in many areas. An example is
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The majority of Western Marian writers during this period belonged to the monastic tradition, particularly the
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435:
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332:
173:
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1886:. This chapter provides a "pastoral summary" of Catholic doctrines on Mary but does not claim to be complete.
1298:, Roman Catholic Mariology came under attack as being sacrilegious and superstitious. Protestant leaders like
1277:. In the Western tradition, depictions of the Madonna were greatly diversified by Renaissance masters such as
1253:
or crèche (Nativity scene). The influence of the Franciscans gave rise to a more affective spirituality. Pope
2993:
Vatican Council II: The Basic Sixteen Documents. Rev. Austin Flannery, O.P. Costello Publishing Company, 1996
1038:
By the end of the Middle Ages, Marian feasts were firmly established in the calendar of the liturgical year.
988:(who, teaching at Paris, called it "this foreign doctrine", indicating its association with England), and by
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prohibition of idolatry and the manufacture of graven images of God. Major iconoclastic riots took place in
1322:
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115:
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What Happened at Vatican II, John W. O’Malley. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. London, 2008.
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was in many aspects a re-reading, re-interpretation and further extension of the teachings of Vatican II.
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In 1790, monastery schools outlawed the praying of the rosary during mass as a distraction. (D Narr 417).
741:. Today, these items may be viewed from an artistic perspective, but also they are part of the fabric of
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Papal extensions and enhancement to the Mariology of Vatican II continued shortly thereafter, with Pope
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given to her on account of her special role in history. Furthermore, Scotus said that Mary was redeemed
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ruled in 1617 and 1622 that it is inadmissible to state that the virgin was conceived non-immaculate.
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Council in December 1965, Catholics were presented with a multitude of changes. Some authors such as
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were either discontinued or greatly reduced in number. Some Catholics criticized the practice of the
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For having been the model disciple, a model which every member of the Church should aim to imitate.
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2896:, ed. C. S. Dessain, Birmingham Oratory, 31 vols. (London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1972), Vol. XII
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were enormously popular in 15th-century Italy. Major Italian artists with Marian motifs include:
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39:
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Mariology in the 19th century was dominated by discussions about the dogmatic definition of the
1600:. During this period, Marian theology was even discontinued in some seminaries (for example: in
1212:
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A Roskovany, conceptu immacolata ex monumentis omnium seculrorum demonstrate III, Budapest 1873
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1099:. Some was specifically produced to decorate the Marian churches built in this period.
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1722:. Some fathers requested the dogma of the Immaculate Conception to be included in the
1541:, today mostly defunct, had millions of members. Lasting impressions from the baroque
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Hom. II super "Missus est," 17; Migne, P. L., CLXXXIII, 70-b, c, d, 71-a. Quoted in
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Popular Marian piety was more colorful and varied than ever before: Numerous Marian
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Ludwig Ott, Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma, Mercier Press Ltd., Cork, Ireland, 1955
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https://web.archive.org/web/20170925082500/http://mariologicalsocietyofamerica.us/
1714:, some 108 council fathers requested adding the words "Immaculate Virgin" to the
6461:
6317:
6190:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6145:
5447:
5382:
5238:
5163:
5141:
4989:
4751:
4713:
4360:
3659:
3592:
Mary and the Fathers of the Church: The Blessed Virgin Mary in Patristic Thought
1802:
1753:
1623:
1585:
1472:
1394:
1339:
1303:
1257:, a Franciscan, greatly increased the prominence given to Mary, introducing the
1208:
1080:
1068:
1031:
985:
856:
question about the nature of Jesus Christ, a question which would return at the
792:
687:
672:
6500:
3126:
2112:
2037:. Rather than being just a new presentation of the Marian views of Vatican II,
1865:
hill, were constructed and jointly recorded over 10 million visitors per year.
872:
608:
6155:
6150:
5974:
5901:
5517:
5437:
5068:
4372:
4246:
3685:
2108:
1921:
For being a Heavenly mother to all members of the Church in the order of grace
1890:
1810:
1651:
1615:
in Venice, built to thank the Virgin Mary for the city's deliverance from the
1534:
1515:
1492:
1476:
1461:
1411:
1355:
1351:
1088:
1063:
1030:
at the very moment of her conception began to predominate, particularly after
1007:
918:
852:
Thus, while the debate was over the proper title for Mary, it was primarily a
846:
718:
717:, and the Church. Theologically, it not only deals with her life but with her
275:
2984:
The Church: The Evolution of Catholicism. Richard P. McBrien. HarperOne. 2008
2209:
Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons
1687:(1846–1878) solemnly declared the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception in 1854.
925:
suppressed the Anglo-Saxon celebration, but it lived on in the popular mind.
880:
dedicated to the Virgin Mary, Paris France, was built in the years 1163–1345.
6260:
6255:
6225:
5921:
5684:
5668:
5653:
5497:
5387:
5265:
5255:
5123:
4902:
4202:
4154:
4109:
4034:
3965:
3926:
3841:
1775:
1715:
1643:
1593:
1542:
1457:
1254:
1111:
820:
714:
699:
545:
260:
158:
150:
1347:
3217:"Magisterial Documents: Marialis Cultus : University of Dayton, Ohio"
6408:
6235:
5334:
4703:
4315:
4256:
3168:
Pilgrimage: from the Ganges to Graceland : an encyclopedia, Volume 1
1853:
set new records. In South America alone, two major Marian basilicas, the
1601:
1589:
1367:
1363:
1228:
1220:
1119:
884:
The Middle Ages saw a growth and development of Mariology. Belief in the
775:
710:
703:
285:
3620:
2662:"Ecclesiological History of Mariology : University of Dayton, Ohio"
1707:, which had been a traditional belief among the faithful for centuries.
770:
There are, however, references to Mary in the Epistles, most notably in
6205:
5485:
5043:
4917:
4860:
4170:
4124:
4119:
3679:
1994:
1862:
1647:
1554:
1546:
1500:
1499:
was introduced in 1716 and the feast of the Seven Sorrows in 1727. The
1422:
1311:
1096:
922:
753:
734:
245:
3453:
Michael Schmaus, Mariologie, Katholische Dogmatik, München Vol V, 1955
2703:
Otto Stegmüller, Mariologisches Schrifttum in der Barockzeit, 1967 568
6358:
5663:
5648:
5592:
5559:
4261:
2058:
1989:
Mary continues to be a "distinctive marker" of the Catholic identity.
1905:
About the Blessed Virgin Mary, mother of God and Mother of the People
1846:
1655:
1631:
1550:
1526:
1496:
1442:
1390:
1359:
1282:
1278:
1043:
910:
785:(3rd or 4th century) and the earliest depictions of her are from the
722:
337:
1471:
Baroque Mariology was supported by several popes during the period:
2181:
Sr. M. Danielle Peters, "An Overview of New Testament References,"
1841:
Mariology in the 20th century reflected an increased membership in
1592:
and Mariology on the defensive. The Church continued to stress the
6456:
5624:
5588:
4444:
3764:
3673:
1849:
distribution groups. The number of 20th century pilgrims visiting
1723:
1679:
1549:
music, painting and art, architecture, and in the numerous Marian
953:
Western types of the Virgin's image, such as the twelfth-century “
901:
664:
864:, while other Christian denominations give no such title to her.
5629:
5348:
1901:
The preparations for the council included an independent schema
1597:
1530:
4448:
3624:
2446:
Huber, Raphael M. “The Mariology of St. Anthony of Padua,” in
1805:
celebrated the previous century's proclamation of the dogma of
1914:
was emphasized, namely that Mary belongs "within the Church":
818:
debated the question of whether Mary should be referred to as
3594:, trans. Thomas Buffer (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1999).
1553:
from the baroque period in Spain, France, Italy, Austria and
1342:, encouraged the removal of religious images by invoking the
1932:
referred to Mary as a model for the Church and stated that:
1876:
Mariological issues were included in the discussions at the
1385:
At the same time, the Catholic world was engaged in ongoing
3091:
Leo Cardinal Scheffczyk, Vaticanum II, in Marienlexikon 569
2963:
Leo Cardinal Scheffczyk, Vaticanum II, in Marienlexikon 567
2085:
composed a prayer on Mary as the Mother of all Christians:
2003:(to Honor Mary) in 1974, which took four years to prepare.
3106:
Mary in the plan of God and in the communion of the saints
1203:
French and Spanish artists with Marian paintings include:
2026:
Marian devotions were the hallmark of the pontificate of
2376:
Pope Benedict XVI. "General Audience", 21 October 2009,
1968:
Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida
1855:
Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida
1729:
Many French Catholics supported making dogma both Papal
1150:
Dutch and German artists with Marian paintings include:
972:
Theologically, one major controversy of the age was the
2754:
die geistliche Lieddichting im Zeitalter der Aufklärung
2485:"Fastiggi, Robert. "11 questions answered about Mary",
2211:, (Mark I. Miravalle, ed.) Queenship Publishing, 2008
2171:
Pope John Paul II, "General Audience", 8 November 1995
997:(1195–1231) supported Mary's freedom from sin and her
1483:
declared in 1661 that the soul of Mary was free from
1200:
symbolized the analogy between Mary and the Church.
2427:
St. Anthony of Padua: Doctor of the Church Universal
1638:, fought against the anti-Marian trends. Increasing
1607:
Nonetheless, in this period a number of significant
1067:
As an example of Baroque painting and architecture,
6422:
6279:
6092:
6028:
5938:
5828:
5679:
5568:
5461:
5408:
5333:
5304:
5229:
5154:
5089:
5034:
4953:
4848:
4823:
4737:
4669:
4614:
4533:
4510:
4381:
4334:
4284:
4275:
4163:
4075:
4006:
3986:
3934:
3925:
3903:
3850:
3762:
3721:
3714:
3658:
1410:based their activities on a virtuous life, free of
1314:as competition to the divine role of Jesus Christ.
1306:, while personally adhering to Marian beliefs like
1265:, for the whole church (1475), and introducing the
3265:"Redemptoris Mater (25 March 1987) | John Paul II"
1737:in the forthcoming ecumenical council. During the
1421:(1548-1617) was the first theologian who used the
3467:https://udayton.edu/imri/marian-library/index.php
3186:
3184:
3170:by Linda Kay Davidson, David Martin Gitlitz 2002
2734:F Zöpfl, Barocke Frömmigkeit, in Marienkunde, 577
2685:Otto Stegmüller, Barock, in Marienkunde, 1967 566
1928:Calling Mary "our mother in the order of grace",
1071:, 1776: frescos under the dome, dedicated to the
757:Virgin and Child on a wall painting in the early
2783:such as Anton Weissenbach SJ, Franz Neubauer SJ,
2765:Narr Zoepfl Mariologie der Aufklärung, 1967, 411
1918:For having been the Associate of Christ on earth
1456:and Mariology. In France, the often anti-Marian
1370:(1559). Protestant iconoclasm swept through the
936:was a small but complete treatise on Mariology.
795:'s 20th-century discovery and reconstruction of
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2522:Otto Stegmüller Clemens IV in Marienkunde, 1159
1838:presided over a Mariological congress in 1931.
1801:In 1904, in the first year of his pontificate,
1495:for the whole Church in 1708. The feast of the
3541:, encyclical, apostolic letters and addresses
3192:"Marialis Cultus (February 2, 1974) | Paul VI"
1452:. Many of the baroque authors defended Marian
4460:
3636:
2971:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2791:
2789:
2093:Benedict journeyed to Marian shrines such as
1843:Roman Catholic Marian Movements and Societies
1441:is the subject of over 300 publications from
737:has led to the creation of numerous items of
631:
8:
3567:Pope John Paul II on Saint Louis de Montfort
3127:"Shrine of Gualdalupe Most Popular in World"
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2894:The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman
2599:The Cambridge Companion to Francis of Assisi
2346:
2344:
1596:and special graces, but deemphasized Marian
1393:which were fought under the auspices of the
1249:is credited with setting up the first known
3465:The Marian Library at University of Dayton
3432:Vatican website: Pope Beneict XVI at Fatima
3311:by Pope John Paul II, Margaret Bunson 1996
2479:
2477:
2204:
2202:
2200:
667:as a precursor to the expression of Marian
6389:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
5330:
4845:
4530:
4467:
4453:
4445:
4281:
4010:
3931:
3718:
3643:
3629:
3621:
3013:What Every Catholic Should Know about Mary
2532:Renaissance Art: A Very Short Introduction
638:
624:
17:
4067:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
3101:
3099:
3097:
2941:by William McLoughlin, Jill Pinnock 2007
2274:. L'Osservatore Romano. 24 September 1997
1662:During this time, Mariologists looked to
3239:
3237:
2716:of forbidden book of the Church in 1681.
2272:"Blessed Virgin is Mother of the Church"
1718:prayer and to add the Immaculata to the
1634:, supported by pious faithful and their
1564:
1316:
1062:
871:
752:
733:Catholic history, the veneration of the
725:, in art, music, and architecture, from
649:
3063:"Dogmatic Constitution on the Church –
3033:"Dogmatic Constitution on the Church –
2292:Braaten Carl E., and Jenson, Robert W.
2163:
1557:as also in some South American cities.
38:
3108:by Alain Blancy, Maurice Jourjon 2002
1937:charity and perfect union with Christ.
1083:period witnessed a dramatic growth in
2127:Acts of Reparation to the Virgin Mary
1789:that would be defined in 1870 by the
7:
2057:he emphasized the importance of the
462:Approved, with widespread liturgical
3244:John Paul II: a light for the world
1668:and other Mariological writings of
1079:Beginning in the 13th century, the
799:'s 4th-century view of Mary as the
713:, which centers on the relation of
464:veneration endorsed by the Holy See
2601:, Cambridge University Press, 2011
2395:, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2011
1997:issuing the Apostolic Exhortation
1642:led to the forced closing of most
1561:Mariology during the Enlightenment
1267:Feast of the Immaculate Conception
14:
3129:. ZENIT International News Agency
1964:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
1859:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
1503:prayer was strongly supported by
1059:Marian art in the Catholic Church
690:developments and views regarding
6511:
6510:
6499:
6467:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
6015:Criticism of the Catholic Church
4426:
4415:
4414:
3705:
2553:Sandro Botticelli: Life and Work
2111:
1325:composed numerous Marian Masses.
845:and by doing so affirmed Jesus'
607:
298:
297:
51:
21:
4634:First seven ecumenical councils
2883:, St. Ottilien: Eos, 1988, p.41
2643:, Oxford University Press, 2008
2461:Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia
2313:Butler, Alban and Burns, Paul.
1781:But it was not until 1854 that
1529:, Marian theatre plays, Marian
847:undivided divinity and humanity
5209:Separation of church and state
4394:Saint Luke painting the Virgin
3815:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana
3810:Finding of Jesus in the Temple
3610:, Yale University Press, 2009
3575:Address to the Mariology Forum
2620:Patronage in Renaissance Italy
2338:(Cambridge, 1941), pp. 510-14.
913:, companion and biographer of
378:Congregation of Marian Fathers
126:Consecrations and entrustments
1:
3459:Mariology Society of America
2555:, 1989, Thames & Hudson,
2534:by Geraldine A. Johnson 2005
2336:The Monastic Order in England
2228:O'Donnell, Timothy Terrance.
1797:Mariology in the 20th century
1676:Mariology in the 19th century
789:in Rome (early 3rd century).
68:
2315:Butler's Lives of the Saints
2185:, retrieved 21 January 2015.
2065:U.S. News & World Report
1950:during the Vatican Council.
1910:document, at Vatican II the
1310:and sinlessness, considered
1055:Italian Renaissance painting
934:Praises on the Virgin Mother
837:that denying Mary the title
388:Marianists (Society of Mary)
3309:John Paul II's book of Mary
1312:Catholic veneration of Mary
961:painting in works like the
6558:
6506:Catholic Church portal
3289:The Vision of John Paul II
3150:by Roberta C. Wigder 1977
2939:Mary for Time and Eternity
2774:Benedict Werkmeister, 1801
2147:Mariology Ecumenical views
2132:Mariology (Roman Catholic)
1406:, an elite group, and the
1052:
774:. In the 2nd century, St.
441:Queen of Angels Foundation
431:Marian Movement of Priests
413:World Apostolate of Fátima
383:Company of Mary (Montfort)
6494:
6432:Aid to the Church in Need
6053:Vatican Television Center
5698:Eastern Catholic Churches
4482:
4410:
4013:
3861:Bilocation to Saint James
3703:
3474:, Apostolic Constitution
1889:At the conclusion of the
1491:ordered the feast of the
1261:(1472) and extending the
1075:, unite heaven and earth.
1024:potuit, decuit ergo fecit
948:Our Lady, Star of the Sea
858:Fourth Ecumenical Council
739:Roman Catholic Marian art
189:Our Lady, Star of the Sea
64:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
6374:Communion and Liberation
5838:Eastern Catholic liturgy
5003:Mystici Corporis Christi
4931:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
3913:Protoevangelium of James
3559:Rosarium Virginis Mariae
3518:Mystici Corporis Christi
3489:, encyclicals and bulls
3437:14 December 2014 at the
3352:Rosarium Virginis Mariae
2641:The Triumph of the Cross
2459:Kleinhenz, Christopher.
2380:, 28 October 2009, p. 24
2258:6 September 2014 at the
2152:Protestant views of Mary
2101:to support his message.
2054:Rosarium Virginis Mariae
1762:Queen of the Holy Rosary
1613:Santa Maria della Salute
1570:Santa Maria della Salute
1399:Battle of Lepanto (1571)
816:Third Ecumenical Council
814:In the 5th century, the
749:Mary in the Early Church
436:Fatima Family Apostolate
426:Our Lady's Rosary Makers
343:Seven Joys of the Virgin
174:Our Lady of Mount Carmel
169:Our Lady of Good Counsel
6537:Pope Pius XII Mariology
5189:Philosophy of canon law
5119:Mariology of the saints
4699:Investiture Controversy
4304:Golden Madonna of Essen
3893:Woman of the Apocalypse
3526:Apostolic Constitution
3478:Apostolic Constitution
3372:"Missing Page Redirect"
3358:9 February 2007 at the
3291:by Gerard Mannion 2008
3246:by Mary Ann Walsh 2003
2879:Lauretanische Litanei,
2572:Zuffi, Stefano (2005).
2142:Mariology of the saints
1912:contextual view of Mary
1820:dogma of the Assumption
1636:movements and societies
1323:Pierluigi da Palestrina
1263:Feast of the Visitation
715:Mary, the Mother of God
663:) was built in 1215 in
478:Three Secrets of Fátima
366:Movements and societies
6442:Catholic Charities USA
6076:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
6064:Vatican Polyglot Press
5114:Mariology of the popes
4752:Protestant Reformation
4181:Alma Redemptoris Mater
4130:Our Lady of Navigators
3562:on the Vatican Website
3551:on the Vatican website
3532:on the Vatican Website
3529:Munificentissimus Deus
3521:on the Vatican website
3510:on the Vatican website
3499:on the Vatican website
3337:7 January 2007 at the
2918:9-11 (1951-53), 3 Vols
2840:Pius IX in Bäumer, 245
2828:10 August 2011 at the
2712:who was placed on the
2137:Mariology of the popes
1939:
1878:Second Vatican Council
1872:Second Vatican Council
1857:in Brazil and the new
1828:Second Vatican Council
1756:" is a title given to
1688:
1573:
1387:Ottoman Wars in Europe
1326:
1296:Protestant Reformation
1271:Fall of Constantinople
1197:Nativity of the Virgin
1172:Geertgen tot Sint Jans
1076:
1049:Renaissance to Baroque
976:. It was rejected by
881:
805:Second Vatican Council
762:
676:
614:Catholicism portal
6196:Good Shepherd Sisters
6038:Holy See Press Office
5276:Doctors of the Church
5109:Immaculate Conception
5064:Anointing of the Sick
4599:History of the papacy
4366:Theotokos of Vladimir
3795:Presentation of Jesus
3732:Immaculate Conception
3652:Mary, mother of Jesus
2914:"Marie et l’Eglise",
2813:Otto Stegmüller, 1967
2618:Hollingsworth, Mary,
2425:Huber, Raphael Mary,
2230:Heart of the Redeemer
1934:
1807:Immaculate Conception
1791:First Vatican Council
1739:First Vatican Council
1712:First Vatican Council
1705:Immaculate Conception
1697:First Vatican Council
1693:Immaculate Conception
1683:
1568:
1439:Immaculate Conception
1320:
1285:depicted Mary as the
1241:Paolo da San Leocadio
1180:Rogier van der Weyden
1141:Piero della Francesca
1087:, by masters such as
1066:
999:Immaculate Conception
974:Immaculate Conception
906:Immaculate Conception
875:
756:
698:to the 21st century.
675:art and architecture.
653:
594:Immaculate Conception
530:Key Marian feast days
348:Seven Sorrows of Mary
281:Mary, Mother of Grace
59:Immaculate Conception
6069:L'Osservatore Romano
6007:Role in civilisation
5733:Croatian and Serbian
5481:Episcopal conference
5443:St. Peter's Basilica
4801:Sexual abuse scandal
4757:Catholic Reformation
2892:Newman, John Henry.
2639:Viladesau, Richard.
2622:, John Murray, 1994
2597:Robson, Michael J.,
2378:L'Osservatore Romano
1983:impact on Catholics.
1948:Mother of the Church
1832:Mother of the Church
1578:Age of Enlightenment
1545:are in the field of
1427:Lawrence of Brindisi
1408:Sodality of Our Lady
1259:Presentation of Mary
1134:Antonello da Messina
978:Bernard of Clairvaux
878:Notre-Dame Cathedral
801:Mother of the Church
727:ancient Christianity
421:Mariological Society
403:Schoenstatt Movement
373:Sodality of Our Lady
328:Consecration to Mary
317:Devotional practices
164:Mother of the Church
111:Devotional practices
6404:Neocatechumenal Way
6369:Charismatic Renewal
6083:Annuario Pontificio
5681:Particular churches
5357:Ecumenical councils
5129:Perpetual virginity
4964:Communitas perfecta
4908:Sermon on the Mount
4348:Madonna del Rosario
4252:Maria mater gratiae
4228:Sub tuum praesidium
4186:Ave Regina caelorum
4140:Our Lady of Victory
4135:Our Lady of Sorrows
3778:Virginal motherhood
3752:Perpetual virginity
3572:Pope John Paul II,
3331:Mulieris Dignitatem
3148:Brazil rediscovered
3073:on 6 September 2014
3043:on 6 September 2014
3011:McNally, Terrence,
2551:Lightbown, Ronald.
2393:Medieval Philosophy
2294:Mary, Mother of God
2047:Mulieris Dignitatem
1787:papal infallibility
1665:The Glories of Mary
1628:Celestino Sfondrati
1582:scientific progress
1404:Colloquium Marianum
1372:Seventeen Provinces
959:Early Netherlandish
940:'s 1953 encyclical
803:was adopted at the
787:Priscilla catacombs
782:sub tuum praesidium
735:Blessed Virgin Mary
656:Santa Maria Assunta
291:Sub tuum praesidium
212:(Refuge of Sinners)
210:Refugium Peccatorum
184:Our Lady of Victory
179:Our Lady of Sorrows
6542:Catholic Mariology
6241:Premonstratensians
4624:Ante-Nicene period
4502:Lists of Catholics
4389:Life of the Virgin
4105:Life-giving Spring
4095:Help of Christians
3805:Return to Nazareth
3747:Marriage to Joseph
2861:, 6 February 1869.
2119:Catholicism portal
1735:assumption of Mary
1689:
1580:, the emphasis on
1574:
1505:Pope Benedict XIII
1437:. After 1650, the
1327:
1192:Albrecht Altdorfer
1077:
1073:Assumption of Mary
982:Alexander of Hales
891:Ephraim the Syrian
886:Assumption of Mary
882:
868:Medieval Mariology
763:
743:Catholic Mariology
683:Catholic Mariology
677:
323:Acts of Reparation
6524:
6523:
5934:
5933:
5327:
5150:
5149:
4842:
4819:
4818:
4811:COVID-19 pandemic
4781:French Revolution
4771:Thirty Years' War
4679:Islamic conquests
4592:Apostolic fathers
4527:
4442:
4441:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4310:The Golden Virgin
4030:Catholic churches
4002:
4001:
3921:
3920:
3800:Flight into Egypt
3790:Nativity of Jesus
3697:Brothers of Jesus
3556:Apostolic Letter
3548:Redemptoris Mater
3539:Pope John Paul II
3350:Apostolic Letter
3329:Vatican website:
2725:(Stegmüller, 573)
2576:. Milan: Electa.
2561:978-0-500-09206-4
2495:on 8 October 2018
2489:, April 29, 2015"
2414:Doctor Mellifluus
2402:978-1-61530-143-0
2039:Redemptoris Mater
2034:Redemptoris Mater
2028:Pope John Paul II
1954:Late 20th century
1830:spoke of Mary as
1768:John Henry Newman
1745:. The concept of
1670:Alphonsus Liguori
1509:Pope Benedict XIV
1466:Louis de Montfort
1460:were combated by
1431:Robert Bellarmine
1397:. The victory at
1332:Andreas Karlstadt
1247:Francis of Assisi
1225:Bartolomé Bermejo
1217:Barthélemy d'Eyck
1116:Sandro Botticelli
1104:Madonna and Child
1102:Paintings of the
1093:Leonardo da Vinci
943:Doctor Mellifluus
767:Pope John Paul II
729:to modern times.
648:
647:
467:
271:Immaculata prayer
266:Hail Mary of Gold
6549:
6514:
6513:
6504:
6503:
6246:Redemptoristines
6094:Religious orders
6020:Anti-Catholicism
5970:Church buildings
5830:Catholic liturgy
5570:Consecrated life
5428:Apostolic Palace
5395:Synod of Bishops
5331:
5307:
4913:Ten Commandments
4846:
4828:
4729:Age of Discovery
4563:Great Commission
4531:
4515:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4446:
4430:
4418:
4417:
4282:
4267:Three Hail Marys
4223:Ave maris stella
4100:Immaculate Heart
4011:
3932:
3820:Passion of Jesus
3719:
3709:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3622:
3590:Gambero, Luigi.
3507:Ad Caeli Reginam
3481:Ineffabilis Deus
3441:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3404:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3368:
3362:
3347:
3341:
3326:
3320:
3306:
3300:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3261:
3255:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3188:
3179:
3165:
3159:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3123:
3117:
3103:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3069:. Archived from
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3039:. Archived from
3029:
3023:
3009:
2994:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2964:
2961:
2950:
2936:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2890:
2884:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2859:Civilta Catolica
2856:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2784:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2658:
2652:
2636:
2630:
2616:
2610:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2569:
2563:
2549:
2543:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2491:. Archived from
2481:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2444:
2438:
2423:
2417:
2410:
2404:
2391:Duignan, Brian.
2388:
2382:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2348:
2339:
2334:Knowles, David.
2332:
2326:
2311:
2305:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2268:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2206:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2168:
2121:
2116:
2115:
1895:John W. O'Malley
1720:Litany of Loreto
1630:(died 1696) and
1435:Francis of Sales
1419:Francisco Suárez
1376:Council of Trent
1336:Huldrych Zwingli
1156:Hieronymus Bosch
1015:John Duns Scotus
995:Anthony of Padua
955:Throne of Wisdom
917:, Archbishop of
640:
633:
626:
612:
611:
597:
589:
581:
573:
565:
557:
549:
541:
505:Miraculous Medal
460:
353:Three Hail Marys
301:
300:
75:
73:
70:
55:
25:
18:
6557:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6546:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6520:
6498:
6490:
6469:
6452:Relief Services
6418:
6364:Catholic Action
6354:Military orders
6291:Confraternities
6283:of the faithful
6282:
6275:
6097:
6088:
6024:
5930:
5824:
5683:
5675:
5608:Prior, Prioress
5564:
5457:
5453:Vatican Museums
5404:
5337:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5225:
5179:Social teaching
5146:
5085:
5030:
4985:One true church
4949:
4926:Sixtine Vulgate
4922:Official Bible
4836:
4832:
4827:
4815:
4733:
4665:
4610:
4580:Petrine primacy
4523:
4519:
4514:
4506:
4478:
4476:Catholic Church
4473:
4443:
4438:
4398:
4377:
4330:
4321:Queen of Heaven
4271:
4159:
4145:Star of the Sea
4071:
3998:
3982:
3917:
3899:
3846:
3758:
3710:
3701:
3654:
3649:
3601:
3587:
3585:Further reading
3450:
3445:
3444:
3439:Wayback Machine
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3396:Vatican website
3394:
3390:
3380:
3378:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3360:Wayback Machine
3348:
3344:
3339:Wayback Machine
3327:
3323:
3307:
3303:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3242:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3166:
3162:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3104:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3010:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2953:
2937:
2922:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2891:
2887:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2830:Wayback Machine
2823:Vatican website
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2637:
2633:
2617:
2613:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2550:
2546:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2483:
2482:
2475:
2463:, Vol. 1, 2003
2458:
2454:
2445:
2441:
2424:
2420:
2411:
2407:
2389:
2385:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2312:
2308:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2260:Wayback Machine
2248:
2244:
2227:
2223:
2207:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2074:
2021:anthropological
2005:Marialis Cultus
2000:Marialis Cultus
1956:
1874:
1851:Marian churches
1822:was defined by
1818:. In 1950, the
1799:
1726:of the Church.
1678:
1609:Marian churches
1572:, Venice, 1629.
1563:
1507:in 1724 and by
1489:Pope Clement XI
1450:María de Ágreda
1445:authors alone.
1233:Juan de Flandes
1213:François Clouet
1168:Hubert van Eyck
1160:Petrus Christus
1152:Jean Bellegambe
1137:Andrea Mantegna
1128:Piero di Cosimo
1061:
1051:
1040:Pope Clement IV
1020:in anticipation
1013:and especially
1011:William of Ware
870:
759:Roman catacombs
751:
707:ecclesiological
659:(Church of the
644:
606:
601:
600:
592:
584:
576:
568:
560:
552:
544:
536:
532:
522:
521:
463:
456:
446:
445:
398:Marist Brothers
368:
358:
357:
333:First Saturdays
318:
310:
309:
241:
227:
226:
222:Virgin of Mercy
217:Untier of Knots
204:Queen of Poland
194:Queen of Heaven
154:(Mother of God)
146:
136:
135:
86:
76:
71:
66:
45:Catholic Church
42:
12:
11:
5:
6555:
6553:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6529:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6508:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6470:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6399:Legion of Mary
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6328:Lay Carmelites
6325:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6287:
6285:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6176:Conceptionists
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6111:Assumptionists
6107:
6105:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6040:
6034:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5944:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5834:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5813:Syro-Malankara
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5763:Italo-Albanian
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5695:
5689:
5687:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5651:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5617:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5581:
5574:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5490:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5472:
5470:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5433:Lateran Treaty
5430:
5425:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5359:
5354:
5345:
5343:
5328:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5235:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5194:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5169:Moral theology
5166:
5160:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5095:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5016:
5011:
5006:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4959:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4933:
4928:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4852:
4850:
4843:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4754:
4743:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4684:Pope Gregory I
4681:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4656:Biblical canon
4653:
4651:Late antiquity
4648:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4587:Church fathers
4584:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4539:
4537:
4528:
4521:Ecclesiastical
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4424:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4358:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4288:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4210:
4208:Fátima prayers
4205:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4150:Seat of Wisdom
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4014:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3769:
3767:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3664:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3600:
3599:External links
3597:
3596:
3595:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3564:
3553:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3512:
3501:
3496:Fulgens Corona
3487:
3486:
3485:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3424:
3399:
3388:
3363:
3342:
3321:
3301:
3281:
3256:
3233:
3208:
3180:
3160:
3140:
3118:
3093:
3084:
3054:
3024:
2995:
2986:
2977:
2965:
2951:
2920:
2907:
2898:
2885:
2872:
2863:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2785:
2776:
2767:
2758:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2653:
2631:
2611:
2589:
2582:
2574:Il Cinquecento
2564:
2544:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2487:OSV Newsweekly
2473:
2452:
2448:Studia Mariana
2439:
2418:
2405:
2383:
2368:
2340:
2327:
2306:
2285:
2263:
2242:
2221:
2196:
2187:
2174:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2106:
2103:
2091:
2090:
2073:
2070:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1955:
1952:
1946:declared Mary
1926:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1873:
1870:
1798:
1795:
1677:
1674:
1640:secularization
1562:
1559:
1380:Baroque Period
1288:Mater Dolorosa
1188:Albrecht Dürer
1176:Quentin Matsys
1145:Carlo Crivelli
1050:
1047:
990:Thomas Aquinas
895:John Damascene
869:
866:
854:Christological
761:, 4th century.
750:
747:
646:
645:
643:
642:
635:
628:
620:
617:
616:
603:
602:
599:
598:
590:
582:
580:(12 September)
574:
566:
558:
550:
542:
533:
528:
527:
524:
523:
520:
519:
518:
517:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
481:
480:
469:
468:
457:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
410:
408:Legion of Mary
405:
400:
395:
393:Marist Fathers
390:
385:
380:
375:
369:
364:
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6058:Vatican Radio
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6043:Vatican Media
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5340:List of popes
5336:
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5124:Mother of God
5122:
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5112:
5110:
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5017:
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5012:
5010:
5009:People of God
5007:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4997:Infallibility
4995:
4991:
4988:
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4881:
4879:
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4873:Body and soul
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4802:
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4782:
4779:
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4776:Enlightenment
4774:
4772:
4769:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4747:Protestantism
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:Scholasticism
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4709:Schism (1378)
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4694:Schism (1054)
4692:
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4682:
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4433:Saints Portal
4429:
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4412:
4409:
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4342:Agiosoritissa
4340:
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4300:
4299:Black Madonna
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4114:of all graces
4111:
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3607:Mother of God
3604:Rubin, Miri,
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3065:Lumen gentium
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3035:Lumen gentium
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2881:Marienlexikon
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2752:RG Giessler,
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2542:pages 103-104
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2183:The Mary Page
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2048:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1930:Lumen gentium
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1883:Lumen gentium
1879:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1824:Pope Pius XII
1821:
1817:
1816:
1815:Ad diem illum
1812:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:Pope Leo XIII
1755:
1750:
1748:
1747:Co-Redemptrix
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:infallibility
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:, and Marian
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:put Catholic
1587:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1481:Alexander VII
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1412:cardinal sins
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:Martin Luther
1297:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:Paolo Uccello
1129:
1125:
1124:Filippo Lippi
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
963:Lucca Madonna
960:
956:
951:
949:
945:
944:
939:
938:Pope Pius XII
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
887:
879:
876:The medieval
874:
867:
865:
863:
862:Mother of God
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:Saint Ambrose
794:
790:
788:
784:
783:
777:
773:
768:
760:
755:
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
709:study within
708:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:
652:
641:
636:
634:
629:
627:
622:
621:
619:
618:
615:
610:
605:
604:
595:
591:
588:(21 November)
587:
583:
579:
575:
572:(8 September)
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:Mother of God
535:
534:
531:
526:
525:
516:
515:Dowry of Mary
513:
512:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
479:
476:
475:
474:
471:
470:
465:
459:
458:
455:
450:
449:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
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394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
367:
362:
361:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
314:
313:
306:
305:
296:
295:
292:
289:
287:
284:
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279:
277:
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269:
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262:
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244:
243:
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236:
231:
230:
223:
220:
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213:
211:
207:
205:
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197:
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187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
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172:
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167:
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162:
160:
157:
155:
153:
149:
148:
145:
140:
139:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
106:Hymns to Mary
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
88:
85:
80:
79:
65:
61:
60:
54:
50:
49:
46:
41:
37:
33:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
6486:Universities
6318:Third orders
6281:Associations
6271:Visitandines
6266:Trinitarians
6216:Mercedarians
6201:Hieronymites
6146:Camaldoleses
6131:Benedictines
6121:Augustinians
6081:
6074:
6067:
6048:Vatican News
6002:Distinctions
5808:Syro-Malabar
5693:Latin Church
5615:Grand master
5513:Metropolitan
5410:Vatican City
5305:Organisation
5184:Philosophers
5103:
5049:Confirmation
5026:In canon law
5020:Subsistit in
5018:
5014:Three states
5001:
4962:
4955:Ecclesiology
4937:Nova Vulgata
4935:
4893:Original sin
4888:Nicene Creed
4878:Divine grace
4837:
4719:Universities
4689:Papal States
4616:Great Church
4558:Resurrection
4535:Early Church
4431:
4419:
4346:
4326:Stabat Mater
4308:
4196:Regina caeli
4191:Salve Regina
4090:Coredemptrix
4085:Christotokos
4045:month of May
3953:
3854:: later life
3835:Resurrection
3773:Annunciation
3742:Presentation
3725:: early life
3606:
3591:
3574:
3573:
3558:
3557:
3547:
3546:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3516:
3506:
3505:
3495:
3494:
3480:
3479:
3472:Pope Pius IX
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3411:
3402:
3391:
3379:. Retrieved
3375:
3366:
3351:
3345:
3330:
3324:
3308:
3304:
3288:
3284:
3272:. Retrieved
3268:
3259:
3243:
3224:. Retrieved
3220:
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3195:
3167:
3163:
3147:
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3121:
3105:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3071:the original
3064:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3041:the original
3034:
3027:
3012:
2989:
2980:
2938:
2915:
2910:
2901:
2893:
2888:
2880:
2875:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2753:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2721:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2665:
2656:
2640:
2634:
2619:
2614:
2598:
2592:
2573:
2567:
2552:
2547:
2531:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2493:the original
2486:
2460:
2455:
2447:
2442:
2426:
2421:
2408:
2392:
2386:
2377:
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2355:
2352:"Met Museum"
2335:
2330:
2314:
2309:
2293:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2266:
2250:
2245:
2229:
2224:
2208:
2190:
2177:
2166:
2092:
2078:Benedict XVI
2075:
2072:21st century
2063:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1980:
1973:
1961:
1957:
1944:Pope Paul VI
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1888:
1881:
1875:
1867:
1840:
1836:Pope Pius XI
1831:
1813:
1800:
1783:Pope Pius IX
1780:
1772:
1766:
1761:
1751:
1743:Pope Pius IX
1728:
1709:
1701:Pope Pius IX
1690:
1685:Pope Pius IX
1663:
1661:
1624:Benedictines
1621:
1606:
1575:
1539:fraternities
1520:Marian Salve
1519:
1513:
1485:original sin
1473:Popes Paul V
1470:
1454:spirituality
1447:
1416:
1384:
1366:(1537), and
1328:
1308:virgin birth
1293:
1287:
1274:
1250:
1245:
1237:Jaume Huguet
1205:Jean Fouquet
1202:
1195:
1184:Hans Baldung
1164:Gerard David
1149:
1108:Fra Angelico
1101:
1078:
1037:
1028:original sin
1023:
1019:
1003:
971:
967:Jan van Eyck
952:
941:
933:
930:Benedictines
927:
899:
883:
861:
851:
842:
838:
833:
826:Christotokos
825:
819:
813:
809:John Paul II
791:
780:
764:
731:
721:in life and
702:is a mainly
696:early Church
680:
678:
654:
596:(8 December)
586:Presentation
554:Annunciation
548:(2 February)
304:Marian hymns
303:
256:Flos Carmeli
209:
151:
57:
15:
6476:Health care
6462:Pax Christi
6414:Schoenstatt
6379:Sant'Egidio
6211:Legionaries
6191:Franciscans
6166:Cistercians
6161:Carthusians
6116:Annonciades
5975:Altarpieces
5868:West Syriac
5863:East Syriac
5843:Alexandrian
5467:Holy orders
5448:Swiss Guard
5388:Dicasteries
5383:Roman Curia
5281:Evangelists
5239:Holy Family
5174:Personalism
5164:Natural law
5142:Josephology
5076:Holy orders
4714:Inquisition
4671:Middle Ages
4661:Monasticism
4629:Constantine
4553:Crucifixion
4356:Derzhavnaya
4018:Apparitions
3825:Crucifixion
3545:Encyclical
3515:Encyclical
3504:Encyclical
3493:Encyclical
3221:udayton.edu
3077:18 November
3047:18 November
3022:-page 30-32
2756:. 1928, 987
2666:udayton.edu
2325:pp. 140-141
2278:18 November
2253:, Chapter 8
2044:In 1988 in
1803:Pope Pius X
1754:Rosary Pope
1699:. In 1854,
1652:pilgrimages
1644:monasteries
1586:rationalism
1576:During the
1535:processions
1516:pilgrimages
1395:Virgin Mary
1350:(in 1523),
1344:Decalogue's
1340:John Calvin
1304:John Calvin
1209:Jean Clouet
1081:Renaissance
1069:Ettal Abbey
1032:Duns Scotus
1008:Franciscans
986:Bonaventure
793:Hugo Rahner
688:theological
681:history of
673:Renaissance
564:(15 August)
540:(1 January)
454:Apparitions
416:(Blue Army)
72: 1675
6531:Categories
6231:Oratorians
6186:Dominicans
6156:Carmelites
6151:Camillians
6099:institutes
5912:Tridentine
5848:Antiochian
5768:Macedonian
5713:Belarusian
5603:Provincial
5518:Archbishop
5438:Roman Rota
5400:Properties
5325:By country
5321:Precedence
5286:Confessors
5266:Archangels
5256:Patriarchs
5156:Philosophy
5134:Veneration
5099:Assumption
5069:Last rites
5036:Sacraments
4980:Four marks
4791:Vatican II
4739:Modern era
4575:Succession
4373:Hodegetria
4294:Assumption
4247:Magnificat
4052:Feast days
4007:Veneration
3971:Protestant
3905:Apocryphal
3883:Coronation
3878:Assumption
3830:Deposition
3785:Visitation
3448:References
3412:vatican.va
3376:cwnews.com
3269:vatican.va
3196:vatican.va
2905:Bäumer 534
2870:Bäumer 566
2795:D Narr 417
2628:0719549264
2017:ecumenical
2013:liturgical
1891:Vatican II
1811:encyclical
1493:Immaculata
1477:Gregory XV
1462:John Eudes
1458:Jansenists
1352:Copenhagen
1089:Botticelli
1085:Marian art
1053:See also:
919:Canterbury
830:Nestorians
719:veneration
661:Assumption
562:Assumption
556:(25 March)
510:Walsingham
495:La Salette
276:Magnificat
131:Veneration
6472:See also:
6424:Charities
6333:Discalced
6261:Trappists
6256:Theatines
6226:Olivetans
6171:Clarisses
6141:Blue nuns
6126:Basilians
6103:societies
6011:See also:
5897:Mozarabic
5887:Ambrosian
5873:Malankara
5858:Byzantine
5818:Ukrainian
5793:Ruthenian
5758:Hungarian
5743:Ethiopian
5718:Bulgarian
5685:sui iuris
5669:Postulant
5578:Religious
5533:Auxiliary
5528:Coadjutor
5498:Patriarch
5366:Cardinals
5313:Canon law
5309:Hierarchy
5291:Disciples
5214:Relations
5202:Evolution
5193:See also:
5138:See also:
5091:Mariology
5081:Matrimony
5054:Eucharist
4975:Ecumenism
4903:Salvation
4839:Catechism
4834:Tradition
4796:Communism
4644:Chalcedon
4203:Ave Maria
4176:Antiphons
4155:Theotokos
4110:Mediatrix
4057:Patronage
4040:Devotions
4035:Christmas
3936:Christian
3927:Mariology
3888:Queenship
3866:Dormition
3852:Tradition
3842:Pentecost
3723:Tradition
3692:Elizabeth
3670:(husband)
3158:-page 235
3133:1 October
2849:Bauer 566
2743:Zöpfl 579
2499:7 October
1981:perceived
1809:with the
1776:Sixtus IV
1716:Hail Mary
1594:virginity
1547:classical
1543:Mariology
1537:. Marian
1533:, Marian
1523:devotions
1511:in 1742.
1321:Giovanni
1294:With the
1275:Theotokos
1255:Sixtus IV
1112:Donatello
843:Theotokos
839:Theotokos
821:Theotokos
772:Galatians
700:Mariology
694:from the
578:Holy Name
546:Candlemas
485:Guadalupe
261:Hail Mary
159:Mediatrix
152:Theotokos
121:Societies
96:Antiphons
40:Mariology
6516:Category
6409:Opus Dei
6394:Scouting
6384:Focolare
6251:Servites
6236:Piarists
6181:Crosiers
5917:Anglican
5853:Armenian
5783:Romanian
5773:Maronite
5748:Georgian
5738:Eritrean
5723:Chaldean
5708:Armenian
5703:Albanian
5584:Superior
5543:Emeritus
5523:Diocesan
5376:Advisers
5335:Holy See
5261:Prophets
5219:Politics
4990:Catholic
4970:Councils
4825:Theology
4704:Crusades
4639:Nicaea I
4570:Apostles
4548:Ministry
4517:Timeline
4497:Glossary
4421:Category
4257:Memorare
4218:Akathist
3976:Lutheran
3966:Orthodox
3949:Catholic
3944:Anglican
3688:(mother)
3682:(father)
3435:Archived
3417:2 August
3381:2 August
3356:Archived
3335:Archived
3299:page 251
3274:2 August
3226:2 August
3201:2 August
3116:-page 46
2949:-page 66
2826:Archived
2671:1 August
2361:2 August
2296:, 2004,
2256:Archived
2105:See also
2083:Benedict
2009:biblical
1733:and the
1695:and the
1648:convents
1626:such as
1602:Salzburg
1590:theology
1527:litanies
1389:against
1368:Scotland
1364:Augsburg
1362:(1535),
1358:(1534),
1354:(1530),
1251:presepio
1229:Ayne Bru
1221:Jean Hey
1120:Masaccio
776:Irenaeus
711:theology
704:Catholic
570:Nativity
286:Memorare
84:Overview
32:a series
30:Part of
6481:Schools
6437:Caritas
6345:Secular
6311:Workers
6206:Jesuits
5992:Museums
5987:Library
5965:Writers
5960:Artists
5940:Culture
5907:Paul VI
5788:Russian
5778:Melkite
5620:Brother
5598:General
5538:Titular
5508:Primate
5486:Eparchy
5476:Diocese
5423:Outline
5362:College
5352:Francis
5296:Virgins
5271:Martyrs
5197:Science
5104:History
5059:Penance
5044:Baptism
4945:Worship
4918:Vulgate
4866:Kingdom
4861:Trinity
4849:General
4604:Primacy
4512:History
4492:Outline
4382:Related
4171:Angelus
4164:Prayers
4125:Panagia
4120:New Eve
4062:Shrines
3994:Islamic
3954:history
3763:In the
3680:Joachim
3319:page 81
3178:page 38
2429:, 1948
2317:, 1998
2232:, 1992
2219:p. 587
2095:Lourdes
1995:Paul VI
1863:Tepeyac
1632:Jesuits
1555:Bavaria
1551:shrines
1501:Angelus
1423:Thomist
1356:Münster
1097:Raphael
923:Normans
904:of the
686:traces
500:Lourdes
246:Angelus
235:Prayers
91:Prayers
43:of the
6359:Fimcap
6301:Marian
6221:Minims
5953:Marian
5803:Syriac
5798:Slovak
5728:Coptic
5664:Oblate
5659:Master
5654:Novice
5649:Hermit
5637:Sister
5593:Abbess
5560:Deacon
5555:Priest
5550:Parish
5493:Bishop
5463:Polity
5249:Joseph
5231:Saints
4898:Saints
4786:Nazism
4361:Eleusa
4262:Rosary
4240:Loreto
4235:Litany
4077:Titles
3668:Joseph
3660:Family
3614:
3315:
3295:
3250:
3174:
3154:
3112:
3018:
2945:
2648:
2626:
2606:
2580:
2559:
2538:
2467:
2433:
2400:
2321:
2300:
2236:
2215:
2099:Fatima
2059:Rosary
1847:Rosary
1826:. The
1656:Rosary
1617:plague
1525:, new
1497:Rosary
1443:Jesuit
1433:, and
1391:Turkey
1360:Geneva
1348:Zürich
1283:Titian
1279:Duccio
1239:, and
1044:rosary
1005:Oxford
984:, and
921:. The
915:Anselm
911:Eadmer
723:prayer
669:motifs
473:Fátima
338:Rosary
116:Saints
101:Titles
34:on the
6457:CIDSE
6306:Youth
6030:Media
5997:Music
5922:Zaire
5902:Roman
5892:Braga
5882:Latin
5753:Greek
5625:Friar
5589:Abbot
5503:Major
5418:Index
5317:Laity
4883:Dogma
4830:Bible
4806:Islam
4762:Trent
4543:Jesus
4525:Legal
4487:Index
4316:Pietà
4213:Hymns
3987:Other
3959:papal
3765:Bible
3737:Birth
3676:(son)
3674:Jesus
3254:p. 26
3067:, 63"
3037:, 61"
2916:ÉtMar
2714:Index
2471:p. 40
2437:p. 31
2304:p. 84
2240:p. 83
2158:Notes
2076:Pope
1724:Creed
1622:Many
1598:cults
1531:hymns
902:Dogma
834:Logos
665:Siena
490:Knock
239:hymns
5982:Folk
5630:Monk
5371:List
5349:Pope
5244:Mary
4335:East
4286:West
4023:list
3871:Tomb
3715:Life
3686:Anne
3612:ISBN
3419:2020
3383:2020
3313:ISBN
3293:ISBN
3276:2020
3248:ISBN
3228:2020
3203:2020
3172:ISBN
3152:ISBN
3135:2010
3110:ISBN
3079:2010
3049:2010
3016:ISBN
2943:ISBN
2673:2020
2646:ISBN
2624:ISBN
2604:ISBN
2578:ISBN
2557:ISBN
2536:ISBN
2501:2018
2465:ISBN
2431:ISBN
2398:ISBN
2363:2020
2319:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2280:2010
2234:ISBN
2213:ISBN
2097:and
2019:and
1646:and
1584:and
1475:and
1464:and
1338:and
1302:and
1186:and
1143:and
1095:and
1057:and
900:The
893:and
692:Mary
679:The
237:and
6296:Lay
5948:Art
5642:Nun
5364:of
4856:God
4277:Art
1861:on
1194:'s
1147:.
965:by
950:".
824:or
671:in
62:by
6533::
6101:,
5591:,
3410:.
3374:.
3267:.
3236:^
3219:.
3194:.
3183:^
3096:^
2998:^
2968:^
2954:^
2923:^
2788:^
2664:.
2476:^
2416:31
2354:.
2343:^
2199:^
2068:.
2023:.
2015:,
2011:,
1907:".
1834:.
1793:.
1764:.
1518:,
1487:.
1468:.
1429:,
1414:.
1382:.
1334:,
1291:.
1243:.
1235:,
1231:,
1227:,
1223:,
1219:,
1215:,
1211:,
1207:,
1190:.
1182:,
1178:,
1174:,
1170:,
1166:,
1162:,
1158:,
1154:,
1139:,
1126:,
1122:,
1118:,
1114:,
1110:,
1091:,
980:,
969:.
897:.
849:.
745:.
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6096:,
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4112:(
3644:e
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3230:.
3205:.
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3081:.
3051:.
2675:.
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