2415:
3720:
2766:
3997:
3627:
2407:
3613:
3707:
2654:
2397:
period, Jewish refugee resettlement in Alaska was seriously considered by the government, but after facing backlash, never came to be. Alaskan Jews played a significant role in business and politics before and after statehood, and have included mayors, judges, senators and governors. Today, there are
2661:
The largest congregation in Alaska, Beth Sholom in
Anchorage, was first formed in 1958 and became affiliated with the Reform movement in 1960. The congregation's small first synagogue was built in 1964 and was used for religious school classes and Shabbat services but not for the High Holy Days when
2701:
The Jewish
Congregation of Fairbanks was incorporated in 1980, started its summer rabbinic intern program in 1989, received a full-size Torah in 1991, and in 1992 purchased a synagogue building and became known as Congregation Or HaTzafon. In 1997, the congregation became officially affiliated with
2773:
In 2013, Chabad's Alaska outpost, headed by Yossi and Esty
Greenberg, opened a new campus in Anchorage that serves Alaskan Jews as well as visitors. The state's only mikveh is also on the campus, built after the one at Elmendorf Air Force Base was demolished in 1999. In addition, the Chabad center
2649:
was the mayor of
Anchorage from 1948 to 1951. A Jewish immigrant from Russia, he became a local philanthropist after selling his business and contributed greatly to Anchorage's first purpose-built library. While the library building he helped make a reality no longer exists, the main branch of the
2523:
services. In 1908, the
Fairbanks community formally organized Congregation Bikkur Cholim, and the Clay Street cemetery still has a Jewish section dating back from this period. Following the gold rush, there were few Jews remaining in Fairbanks other than Robert Bloom and his wife, Jessie, who came
2746:
As of 2012, there are an estimated 6,000 Jews living in Alaska, most of whom reside in
Anchorage, followed by Fairbanks, Juneau, and several smaller communities such as Sitka and Ketchikan. The Jewish community there often refers to itself as the "Frozen Chosen". There are presently two permanent
2600:
and the introduction of a bill to make the idea possible were roundly rejected by the
Alaskan public who did not think that such "aliens" would fit in well. While the bill died in subcommittee in 1940 and the plan never came to fruition, the subject garnered fresh interest in 2007 with the
2492:, arrived in Nome with the first Torah in Alaska. After hearing about the discovery of gold, 19 year old Max Hirschberg biked the 1,100 miles (1,800 km) from Dawson to Nome in ten weeks, despite freezing temperatures and extreme weather. Frontier lawman
2566:, a position he held until 1953. Often called "the father of Alaskan statehood", he lobbied and advocated intensely for Alaska to become a state. When it did, he became its first senator, elected to the United States Senate on November 25, 1958.
2638:
was established at
Elmendorf Air Force Base for the Jewish chaplain's wife and the broader community. These chaplains often ended up serving the entire Jewish community in Alaska, travelling to cities, small towns, and outposts for a
2730:
conducted a demographic study of Jewish
Alaskans 1994–1999. It found that contrary to popular assumption, the Alaska Jewish community was more, not less, affiliated on average than other Jewish Americans in the
3696:
2481:
was among the Jews living in Dawson during this period, and spent his youth there with his family. A Jewish cemetery in Dawson that was created during the rush, Bet Chaim, was rediscovered in 1998.
2442:, Jewish soldier Benjamin Levi (Levy) lowered the Russian flag and raised that of the United States. The following year, two Jews from San Francisco, Louis Sloss and Lewis Gerstle, helped found the
1024:
3689:
1602:
1257:
952:
1144:
2352:
3937:
3930:
3682:
116:
1139:
3385:
2536:. When World War II brought a number of Jewish GIs to the Fairbanks area, the Blooms acted as “unofficial chaplains” and opened their home to many service members.
1387:
3582:
4001:
2774:
houses a preschool and the Alaska Jewish Museum, which showcases the ways that Jews have made an impact in Alaska and explores Jewish history, culture, and the
1641:
2680:
was untested, and many of the over 1,200 opinions (along with 200 dissents) he wrote while on the court have defined the legal structure governing Alaska. The
3947:
3819:
2524:
from
Ireland in 1912. They continued to be the driving force in the Fairbanks community, Jewish and otherwise, for decades. Jessie Bloom started the first
626:
589:
3824:
2662:
larger facilities were required. As membership grew, a new larger synagogue was required and was opened for the congregation's 30th anniversary in 1988.
2438:
from Russia in 1867, some San Francisco Jewish miners, merchants, fur dealers, and traders moved up to Alaska. At the formal transfer of sovereignty in
4021:
3674:
2714:, Yosef "Yossi" and Esty Greenberg arrived in Alaska in 1991 to set up a Chabad center in Anchorage and soon started prayer services and a preschool.
2596:
in Alaska with the aim of both building up Alaska and its industry and creating an opportunity to allow in more German Jewish refugees. The resulting
2570:
1565:
3888:
3844:
3711:
1588:
2551:
3974:
3962:
3893:
2586:
938:
682:
2955:
3854:
2801:, Mount Applebaum after Samuel Applebaum, and Mount Gruening for Ernest Gruening. Additionally, the Gerstle River was named for Lewis Gerstle.
2345:
1515:
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631:
3531:
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3834:
3775:
3755:
1074:
2782:
4031:
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or offering a learning opportunity. From the 1940s through the 1970s, Jewish military personnel outnumbered Jewish civilians in Alaska.
1342:
1159:
1149:
389:
2504:
earned a fortune running their successful Nome-based saloon, The Dexter, during the peak of the rush. In 1900, around 60 Jews attended
3922:
3745:
1738:
1688:
1653:
1347:
1212:
1079:
3915:
3883:
3861:
2338:
1430:
1392:
1367:
1287:
1272:
1119:
1059:
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2929:
3982:
3814:
3067:
2603:
1723:
1705:
1611:
1505:
1357:
1352:
1277:
1242:
1109:
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rabbis in the state, both of whom are in Anchorage, Abram Goodstein of Congregation Beth Sholom, and Yossi Greenberg of Chabad.
3866:
3809:
3792:
2241:
2140:
1695:
1678:
1631:
1530:
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1327:
1307:
1302:
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1171:
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1039:
1029:
1009:
1004:
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3797:
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3737:
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1714:
1700:
1668:
1648:
1616:
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1535:
1510:
1490:
1480:
1465:
1460:
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1435:
1425:
1420:
1397:
1312:
1297:
1217:
1176:
1129:
1124:
1044:
989:
3957:
3900:
3765:
2135:
1673:
1658:
1621:
1583:
1555:
1545:
1540:
1525:
1520:
1500:
1485:
1470:
1445:
1411:
1382:
1282:
1267:
1191:
1181:
1099:
1069:
994:
980:
616:
3942:
3804:
3750:
3164:
2593:
2478:
1743:
1663:
1626:
1550:
1495:
1362:
1337:
1262:
1237:
1227:
1166:
1089:
1084:
1064:
1054:
1034:
1019:
912:
380:
375:
3274:
3878:
1733:
1728:
1683:
1636:
1322:
1292:
1252:
1247:
1104:
410:
2622:
near Anchorage retained a Jewish chaplain between the 1940s and 1980s, changing every two years and rotating between
2489:
3505:
4026:
2987:
2743:
In 2005, Congregation Sukkat Shalom in Juneau opened its first synagogue after years of meeting in members' homes.
2459:
2207:
2052:
1760:
1154:
350:
340:
76:
697:
2443:
2321:
2014:
1865:
1806:
3430:
3216:
2393:
to seek their fortunes as miners and businessmen and resulted in the first organized Jewish communities. In the
2732:
2619:
2469:
took off in 1897, a number of Jews were among the fortune seekers. At one point, up to 200 Jews were living in
2427:
2024:
2004:
1114:
594:
135:
3189:
3022:
3145:
3315:
2691:
2665:
2165:
2155:
2120:
1999:
1989:
1772:
943:
885:
719:
398:
355:
70:
3241:
Berman, Gerald S. (Summer–Autumn 1982). "Reaction to the Resettlement of World War II Refugees in Alaska".
2677:
2569:
In 1906, Russian-Jewish immigrant and Fairbanks resident Abe Spring proposed that Jewish refugees fleeing
2284:
2019:
1933:
999:
551:
170:
140:
3408:
546:
2681:
2175:
2170:
2115:
1903:
818:
533:
428:
145:
2798:
2669:
2646:
2627:
2533:
2246:
2198:
1938:
1796:
609:
474:
463:
421:
3119:
2861:
2727:
2618:, Jewish GIs were among the tens of thousands of service members who were stationed in Alaska. The
2516:
2497:
2435:
2299:
667:
539:
442:
435:
365:
253:
128:
3556:
3044:
2903:
2676:
for 12 of those years. His tenure began during the first years of statehood when much of Alaska's
2528:
chapter in Alaska in 1925. Robert Bloom was among those who helped establish the base that became
3386:"Avrum Gross: Gov. Hammond's 'long-haired hippie' ally, attorney general and in-house antagonist"
3250:
2525:
2466:
2454:
soon after it was founded. Jacob established a successful business (which would later merge with
2382:
2381:
lived there periodically as fur traders, and a Jewish community has existed since the 1880s. The
2150:
2100:
2047:
2042:
1956:
1826:
1094:
923:
677:
602:
456:
22:
2723:
centered on a young Jewish doctor moving from New York to a fictionalized small town in Alaska.
2719:
2512:
2451:
2414:
2294:
2236:
2216:
2033:
1593:
1232:
692:
563:
493:
370:
283:
150:
3457:
2705:
2631:
2563:
2264:
2145:
2105:
2069:
1767:
1317:
828:
584:
488:
403:
293:
85:
2765:
2751:
2597:
2589:
2559:
2529:
2488:
that began in 1899. In 1900, Sam Bayles, brother of prominent Alaskan pioneer businessman
2423:
2378:
2370:
2226:
2185:
2180:
2160:
2082:
2076:
2009:
1961:
1801:
1782:
933:
657:
574:
557:
101:
3483:
2515:
was first organized by immigrant Robert Bloom in 1904. Between 1904 and 1910, during the
2754:, who assumed office in July 2015, is the third Jew to serve in this position. Democrat
2446:. In 1885, the first permanent Jewish settlers, Robert Gottstein and his wife, moved to
48:
3669:
3618:
2794:
2702:
the Reform movement. It is possibly the northernmost permanent synagogue in the world.
2623:
2608:
2550:
2520:
2501:
2485:
2447:
2386:
2326:
2125:
1994:
1980:
1860:
1839:
1816:
1811:
1789:
1777:
1372:
853:
787:
752:
730:
662:
505:
483:
345:
324:
300:
66:
4015:
3632:
2673:
2582:
2574:
2539:
2505:
2455:
2439:
2431:
2274:
2269:
1475:
1402:
928:
777:
772:
767:
757:
735:
687:
449:
288:
193:
155:
106:
2615:
2304:
2130:
1971:
1966:
1924:
1877:
971:
838:
823:
782:
747:
360:
202:
2577:
and was not seriously considered for decades. Over 30 years later, in the face of
2473:, where the first Jewish religious services in the territory probably took place.
2695:
2687:
2640:
2474:
2470:
2406:
2289:
2231:
1896:
802:
797:
792:
762:
2542:
became the first mayor of Anchorage after it was legally incorporated in 1920.
3608:
2759:
2493:
1947:
961:
890:
848:
672:
652:
216:
123:
43:
3532:"Anchorage's Jewish mayor is one of the 'Frozen Chosen' — and an S.F. native"
3217:"Part 3: 'Alaska wants no misfits' Sanctuary- Alaska, the Nazis and the Jews"
2775:
2653:
2110:
2095:
1185:
1133:
895:
843:
833:
514:
510:
500:
415:
175:
3706:
3340:
3101:
863:
3646:
2755:
2581:
persecution of Jews in Germany, a similar idea was considered. Following
2279:
1889:
1821:
647:
160:
111:
3254:
2710:
2255:
2221:
2090:
1884:
873:
868:
740:
526:
522:
518:
267:
262:
239:
221:
96:
91:
81:
59:
34:
3658:
2930:"History of Jewish presence in Klondike on display at MacBride Museum"
3664:
2831:
2635:
2390:
1915:
1910:
1870:
1855:
966:
858:
278:
244:
230:
165:
3165:"This Day in Jewish History – 1887: Alaska's First Governor Is Born"
2781:
In 2016, Captain Michael Bram became the first Jewish chaplain at
2764:
2652:
2549:
2413:
2405:
878:
307:
211:
180:
2956:"Jewish Cultural Society of Yukon to research Gold Rush history"
2578:
2458:), while his wife, Anna, a teacher, helped found Alaska's first
2394:
2374:
30:
3678:
3640:
3652:
2573:
be settled in Alaska. Spring's idea was soon rejected by the
2650:
Anchorage public library system is still named in his honor.
2426:
colony in Alaska, Russian Jewish fur traders working for the
2793:
There are at least four mountains named for Jews in Alaska:
2797:
after Solomon Ripinski (Ripinsky), Mount Neuberger after
2698:
was Governor, despite their differing personal politics.
2450:. They were followed by their son Jacob, who settled in
3583:"First Jewish chaplain in 25 years settles in at JBER"
1894:
1875:
298:
2838:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
3275:"Moose in the mikvah is no sweat for Alaskan Jews"
3190:"Alaska's Jewish community predates US settlement"
3068:"Alaska state archive digitizes Wyatt Earp papers"
3023:"Alaska's Jewish community predates US settlement"
2672:for over thirty years, from 1965 to 1997, and was
2430:had commercial ties with the Jewish community in
3506:"Letter from Anchorage: Northern Stars of David"
2762:are two other Jews prominent in state politics.
3303:. Wayne State University Press. pp. 76–77.
2422:In the 1850s and 1860s, during the time of the
2398:Jews living in every urban area of the state.
3690:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2904:"Virtual Jewish World: Alaska, United States"
2346:
8:
3431:"Alaskan Jews trying to connect, says study"
2855:
2853:
3301:United States Jewry, 1776–1985, Volumes 1-2
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
590:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
3697:
3683:
3675:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2353:
2339:
2203:
1844:
917:
724:
329:
198:
17:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3038:
3036:
2910:. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise
2519:, there were enough Jews to have regular
3713:History of the Jews in the United States
2434:. After the United States purchased the
2810:
2254:
2206:
2032:
1979:
1946:
1923:
1847:
1713:
1601:
1575:
1410:
1204:
979:
951:
810:
639:
573:
473:
388:
332:
252:
229:
201:
29:
3536:The Jewish News of Northern California
3435:The Jewish News of Northern California
3279:The Jewish News of Northern California
2418:The Earps’ saloon, The Dexter, in Nome
3363:"Jay Rabinowitz Public Service Award"
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2836:Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project
2601:publication of the bestselling novel
7:
3163:Green, David B. (February 6, 2015).
2684:in Fairbanks is named in his honor.
2532:, and was among the founders of the
3409:"Alaska's Far-North Jewish Culture"
3314:Musgrave, Jackie; Stockert, Clare.
3557:"Alaska opens first Jewish museum"
2717:In the 1990s, the popular TV show
14:
3670:Alaska Jewish Visitor Information
3647:Lubavitch Jewish Center of Alaska
3458:"Alaska town dedicates synagogue"
3456:Carroll, Tony (August 17, 2005).
381:Historical population comparisons
4022:Jewish-American history by state
3996:
3995:
3718:
3705:
3625:
3611:
2832:"The Jewish Community of Alaska"
2634:leaders. In 1974, Alaska's only
1025:Democratic Republic of the Congo
939:Historical population by country
3530:Gloster, Rob (April 26, 2017).
3066:Brooks, James (July 30, 2018).
2783:Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson
3273:Fishkoff, Sue (June 8, 2001).
2562:was appointed governor of the
2389:gold rushes attracted Jews to
1:
3045:"8 Facts About Jewish Alaska"
2726:Professor Bernard Reisman of
2604:The Yiddish Policemen's Union
2367:history of the Jews in Alaska
596:Christianity and Judaism
3299:Marcus, Jacob Rader (1989).
2862:"United States: New States"
2647:Zachariah "Zach" J. Loussac
1895:
1876:
1603:Latin America and Caribbean
299:
4048:
4032:Jews and Judaism in Alaska
3659:Congregation Sukkat Shalom
3411:. The New York Jewish Week
3343:. Congregation Beth Sholom
3321:. Anchorage Public Library
2484:Jews also ventured to the
2460:Parent-Teacher Association
2208:Jewish political movements
1905:Conversion to Judaism
3993:
3728:
3316:""Our History 1917–2011""
2988:"Strength in Low Numbers"
2769:Mountain Ripinski, Alaska
2587:Secretary of the Interior
2479:Grauman's Chinese Theatre
2444:Alaska Commercial Company
611:Hinduism and Judaism
3653:Congregation Or HaTzafon
3641:Congregation Beth Sholom
3365:. Alaska Bar Association
3120:"1921-1925 Robert Bloom"
3106:Congregation Or HaTzafon
2869:American Jewish Yearbook
2860:Postal, Bernard (1960).
2694:from 1974 to 1980 while
2620:Elmendorf Air Force Base
2511:The Jewish community in
2428:Russian-American Company
437:Temple in Jerusalem
130:Bar and bat mitzvah
3152:. University of Alaska.
2692:Alaska Attorney General
399:Twelve Tribes of Israel
3938:Southern United States
3196:. Anchorage Daily News
3126:. University of Alaska
2908:Jewish Virtual Library
2770:
2658:
2657:Justice Jay Rabinowitz
2555:
2419:
2411:
3388:. Alaska Public Media
3341:"Beth Sholom History"
3243:Jewish Social Studies
2768:
2682:Rabinowitz Courthouse
2668:was a Justice on the
2656:
2553:
2417:
2409:
1145:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1140:Republic of the Congo
534:Second Temple Judaism
405:Kingdom of Judah
376:Modern historiography
3665:Alaska Jewish Museum
3587:Anchorage Daily News
3510:hadassahmagazine.org
3482:Staub, Molly Arost.
3221:Anchorage Daily News
3194:Anchorage Daily News
3027:Anchorage Daily News
2799:Richard L. Neuberger
2670:Alaska Supreme Court
2534:University of Alaska
2490:Isadore "Ike" Bayles
2247:World Agudath Israel
1388:United Arab Emirates
475:Second Temple period
465:Babylonian captivity
3561:The Times of Israel
3484:"The Frozen Chosen"
3437:. February 13, 1999
3407:Danailova, Hilary.
3043:Friedman, Gabriel.
2728:Brandeis University
2517:Fairbanks Gold Rush
2410:Dawson City in 1899
540:Hellenistic Judaism
118:Land of Israel
77:Principles of faith
3146:"Earnest Gruening"
2986:Johnson, Kaylene.
2789:Heritage monuments
2771:
2659:
2556:
2508:services in Nome.
2467:Klondike Gold Rush
2420:
2412:
2101:Jewish Koine Greek
1643:Dominican Republic
924:Judaism by country
603:Jews and Christmas
458:Assyrian captivity
4027:History of Alaska
4009:
4008:
2720:Northern Exposure
2594:Jewish settlement
2436:Alaskan Territory
2369:began before the
2363:
2362:
2312:
2311:
2060:
2059:
1807:Reconstructionist
1751:
1750:
903:
902:
710:
709:
547:Jewish–Roman wars
495:Hasmonean dynasty
411:Kingdom of Israel
315:
314:
4039:
3999:
3998:
3975:Washington, D.C.
3723:
3722:
3721:
3714:
3709:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3676:
3635:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3270:
3259:
3258:
3249:(3/4): 271–282.
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3098:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3018:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2983:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2900:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2828:
2750:Anchorage mayor
2564:Alaska Territory
2355:
2348:
2341:
2204:
2085:
1906:
1900:
1881:
1845:
1792:
1739:New Zealand
1691:
1654:El Salvador
1644:
1576:Northern America
1568:
1162:
918:
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2590:Harold L. Ickes
2571:Russian pogroms
2560:Ernest Gruening
2554:Ernest Gruening
2548:
2530:Fort Wainwright
2496:and his Jewish
2424:Russian America
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2379:Imperial Russia
2371:Alaska Purchase
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1075:Guinea-Bissau
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929:Lists of Jews
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688:The Holocaust
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289:Mishneh Torah
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50:
49:Who is a Jew?
47:
45:
42:
41:
40:
39:
36:
32:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
4000:
3911:Philadelphia
3906:Pennsylvania
3732:
3716:
3710:
3590:. Retrieved
3586:
3576:
3564:. Retrieved
3560:
3551:
3539:. Retrieved
3535:
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3026:
2995:. Retrieved
2964:. Retrieved
2959:
2950:
2938:. Retrieved
2933:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2907:
2877:. Retrieved
2872:
2868:
2840:. Retrieved
2835:
2792:
2780:
2772:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2739:21st century
2725:
2718:
2716:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2686:
2678:constitution
2664:
2660:
2645:
2628:Conservative
2616:World War II
2613:
2602:
2568:
2557:
2538:
2510:
2483:
2464:
2421:
2366:
2364:
2305:Post-Zionism
2176:Judeo-Berber
2171:Judeo-Arabic
2131:Judeo-Gascon
1878:Pidyon haben
1797:Conservative
1343:Saudi Arabia
1161:South Africa
1150:Sierra Leone
972:Israeli Jews
886:Mosaic Arabs
839:Kaifeng Jews
700:Arab–Israeli
683:Soviet Union
668:Emancipation
552:Great Revolt
361:Anti-Judaism
356:Antisemitism
351:Name "Judea"
146:Baal teshuva
15:
3923:Puerto Rico
3746:Los Angeles
3742:California
3655:, Fairbanks
3649:, Anchorage
3643:, Anchorage
3515:October 10,
3200:October 10,
2696:Jay Hammond
2688:Avrum Gross
2641:bar mitzvah
2592:proposed a
2526:Girl Scouts
2475:Sid Grauman
2471:Dawson City
2300:Revisionist
2290:Neo-Zionism
1897:Zeved habat
1690:Puerto Rico
1516:Netherlands
1348:South Korea
1333:Philippines
1213:Afghanistan
1080:Ivory Coast
854:Crypto-Jews
819:Bnei Anusim
798:Bene Israel
763:Beta Israel
720:Communities
627:Middle Ages
366:Persecution
141:Bereavement
4016:Categories
3979:Wisconsin
3931:Charleston
3916:Pittsburgh
3884:Cincinnati
3862:New Jersey
3820:Cumberland
3592:October 7,
3566:October 7,
3541:October 7,
3490:October 7,
3467:October 7,
3441:October 7,
3415:October 7,
3392:October 7,
3369:October 7,
3347:October 7,
3325:October 7,
3284:October 7,
3226:October 7,
3174:October 7,
3150:UA Journey
3130:October 7,
3124:UA Journey
3102:"About Us"
3077:October 7,
3051:October 7,
2997:October 7,
2966:October 7,
2940:October 7,
2914:October 7,
2879:October 7,
2842:October 7,
2805:References
2760:Jay Ramras
2733:"Lower 48"
2498:common-law
2494:Wyatt Earp
2285:Maximalism
2237:Secularism
2217:Autonomism
2034:Literature
1827:Humanistic
1431:Azerbaijan
1393:Uzbekistan
1368:Tajikistan
1288:Kyrgyzstan
1273:Kazakhstan
1120:Mozambique
1095:Madagascar
1015:Cape Verde
967:New Yishuv
962:Old Yishuv
913:Population
891:Subbotniks
849:Samaritans
788:Romanyotim
731:Ashkenazim
673:Old Yishuv
653:Sabbateans
640:Modern era
632:Golden Age
564:Bar Kokhba
284:Beit Yosef
151:Philosophy
3983:Milwaukee
3963:Galveston
3889:Cleveland
3851:Nebraska
3845:St. Louis
3841:Missouri
3831:Michigan
3825:Frederick
3815:Baltimore
3762:Colorado
3751:San Diego
2875:: 165–169
2776:Holocaust
2558:In 1939,
2513:Fairbanks
2465:When the
2452:Anchorage
2373:in 1867.
2295:Religious
2151:Zarphatic
2141:Bukharian
2111:Judeo-Tat
2096:Yeshivish
2070:Languages
2025:Sephardic
2015:Israelite
2005:Ethiopian
1995:Ashkenazi
1934:Religious
1724:Australia
1706:Venezuela
1612:Argentina
1594:Greenland
1506:Lithuania
1358:Sri Lanka
1353:Singapore
1278:Kurdistan
1243:Indonesia
1233:Hong Kong
1186:Abayudaya
1110:Mauritius
844:Igbo Jews
834:Krymchaks
753:Sephardim
621:relations
515:Sadducees
511:Pharisees
501:Sanhedrin
416:Jerusalem
176:Synagogue
44:Etymology
4002:Category
3894:Columbus
3867:New York
3810:Maryland
3793:Illinois
3782:Georgia
3776:southern
3772:Florida
3661:, Juneau
2960:CBC News
2934:CBC News
2756:Les Gara
2711:shlichim
2632:Orthodox
2383:Klondike
2322:Category
2280:Kahanism
2227:Feminism
2199:Politics
2083:Biblical
2053:American
2000:Bukharan
1990:American
1890:Shidduch
1866:Clothing
1822:Haymanot
1768:Orthodox
1696:Suriname
1679:Paraguay
1632:Colombia
1531:Portugal
1441:Bulgaria
1378:Thailand
1328:Pakistan
1308:Mongolia
1303:Malaysia
1223:Cambodia
1197:Zimbabwe
1172:Tanzania
1050:Eswatini
1040:Ethiopia
1030:Djibouti
1010:Cameroon
1005:Botswana
934:Diaspora
896:Noahides
869:Marranos
793:Cochinim
778:Bukharim
768:Gruzinim
758:Teimanim
748:Mizrahim
736:Galician
702:conflict
658:Hasidism
648:Haskalah
558:Diaspora
429:timeline
341:Timeline
254:Rabbinic
161:Kabbalah
136:Marriage
112:Tzedakah
102:Holidays
60:Religion
23:a series
21:Part of
3968:Houston
3953:Brenham
3835:Detroit
3798:Chicago
3786:Atlanta
3738:Arizona
3255:4467186
3169:Haaretz
2614:During
2462:(PTA).
2265:General
2256:Zionism
2232:Leftism
2222:Bundism
2146:Knaanic
2106:Yevanic
2091:Yiddish
2048:Yiddish
2043:Israeli
2020:Mizrahi
2010:Israeli
1981:Cuisine
1957:Ancient
1939:Secular
1885:Kashrut
1861:Wedding
1848:Customs
1840:Culture
1817:Science
1812:Renewal
1802:Karaite
1783:Hasidic
1715:Oceania
1701:Uruguay
1669:Jamaica
1649:Ecuador
1617:Bolivia
1561:Ukraine
1536:Romania
1511:Moldova
1491:Hungary
1481:Germany
1476:Georgia
1466:Finland
1461:Estonia
1456:Denmark
1451:Czechia
1436:Belarus
1426:Austria
1421:Armenia
1398:Vietnam
1313:Myanmar
1298:Lebanon
1218:Bahrain
1177:Tunisia
1155:Somalia
1130:Nigeria
1125:Namibia
1115:Morocco
1045:Eritrea
990:Algeria
874:Neofiti
783:Italkim
773:Juhurim
678:Zionism
527:Sicarii
523:Zealots
519:Essenes
506:Schisms
371:Leaders
333:General
325:History
268:Tosefta
263:Midrash
240:Mishnah
222:Ketuvim
217:Nevi'im
166:Customs
97:Shabbat
92:Halakha
84: (
82:Mitzvot
69: (
35:Judaism
3958:Dallas
3901:Oregon
3766:Denver
3733:Alaska
3253:
2706:Chabad
2636:mikveh
2630:, and
2624:Reform
2585:, the
2448:Juneau
2391:Alaska
2327:Portal
2186:Domari
2116:Shassi
2077:Hebrew
1972:Humour
1916:Hiloni
1911:Aliyah
1871:Niddah
1856:Minyan
1791:Reform
1778:Haredi
1773:Modern
1674:Mexico
1659:Guyana
1622:Brazil
1584:Canada
1556:Sweden
1546:Serbia
1541:Russia
1526:Poland
1521:Norway
1501:Latvia
1486:Greece
1471:France
1446:Cyprus
1412:Europe
1383:Turkey
1373:Taiwan
1283:Kuwait
1268:Jordan
1258:Israel
1192:Zambia
1182:Uganda
1100:Malawi
1070:Guinea
1060:Gambia
995:Angola
981:Africa
864:Dönmeh
859:Anusim
803:Berber
741:Litvak
693:Israel
599:
536:
450:Second
418:
279:Targum
245:Gemara
231:Talmud
203:Tanakh
156:Ethics
107:Prayer
3943:Texas
3855:Omaha
3805:Maine
3319:(PDF)
3251:JSTOR
2991:(PDF)
2962:. CBC
2936:. CBC
2865:(PDF)
2500:wife
2456:Carrs
2440:Sitka
2377:from
2275:Labor
2270:Green
1967:Dance
1925:Music
1744:Palau
1664:Haiti
1627:Chile
1551:Spain
1496:Italy
1403:Yemen
1363:Syria
1338:Qatar
1318:Nepal
1263:Japan
1238:India
1228:China
1167:Sudan
1090:Libya
1085:Kenya
1065:Ghana
1055:Gabon
1035:Egypt
1020:Benin
879:Xueta
824:Lemba
443:First
308:Zohar
212:Torah
194:Texts
181:Rabbi
171:Rites
71:names
3879:Ohio
3594:2018
3568:2018
3543:2018
3517:2018
3492:2018
3469:2018
3462:Ynet
3443:2018
3417:2018
3394:2018
3371:2018
3349:2018
3327:2018
3286:2018
3228:2018
3202:2018
3176:2018
3132:2018
3079:2018
3053:2018
2999:2018
2968:2018
2942:2018
2916:2018
2881:2018
2844:2018
2579:Nazi
2395:Nazi
2387:Nome
2385:and
2375:Jews
2365:The
1734:Guam
1729:Fiji
1684:Peru
1637:Cuba
1323:Oman
1293:Laos
1253:Iraq
1248:Iran
1205:Asia
1134:Igbo
1105:Mali
124:Brit
33:and
31:Jews
2607:by
2477:of
1948:Art
294:Tur
86:613
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