112:: DBS is an invasive procedure involving the surgical implantation of electrodes in specific brain areas. These electrodes deliver electrical impulses to modulate brain circuits involved in mood regulation. DBS is currently used for conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder and is being explored as a treatment for severe depression.
151:: Ketamine, an anesthetic, has shown rapid antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression. It is administered intravenously in controlled settings. Esketamine, a derivative of ketamine, is available as a nasal spray and has been approved for use with oral antidepressants for treatment-resistant depression.
90:: TMS is a non-invasive technique using magnetic fields to stimulate specific brain areas. It has been approved for treating major depressive disorder and is particularly useful for patients unresponsive to antidepressants. Unlike ECT, TMS does not require anesthesia and has a lower risk of cognitive side effects.
50:, ECT involves applying electrical currents to the brain to induce seizures, which can alleviate symptoms of severe depression, catatonia, and other psychiatric conditions. Despite its effectiveness, ECT has been subject to stigma due to concerns over side effects, particularly cognitive impairments.
57:
led to a decline in procedural treatments, as medications became the primary mode of treating mental health disorders. However, the lack of response in some patients to pharmacotherapy renewed interest in procedural treatments, eventually leading to the development of interventional psychiatry as a
168:
The demand for specialized training has led to the creation of fellowship programs dedicated to interventional psychiatry. These fellowships typically last one year and provide comprehensive training in various interventional modalities, including both neuromodulation techniques and interventional
79:: ECT remains a cornerstone of interventional psychiatry, especially for severe, treatment-resistant depression and catatonia. The procedure involves controlled electrical currents to the brain, inducing a seizure that can lead to significant improvements in mood and behavior.
159:: This category includes intravenous brexanolone, used for postpartum depression, and emerging therapies involving psychedelics such as psilocybin, which are being studied for their potential to enhance psychotherapy and treat refractory depression.
66:
Interventional psychiatry encompasses various treatments, primarily categorized into neuromodulation techniques and interventional pharmacology. These treatments are typically employed in cases of treatment-resistant mental health disorders.
101:: VNS involves implanting a device that delivers electrical impulses to the vagus nerve, influencing brain activity. Initially developed for epilepsy treatment, VNS has also been approved for treatment-resistant depression.
26:, focusing on the use of procedural and device-based treatments to manage mental health disorders, particularly those resistant to conventional therapies such as pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. This field integrates
169:
pharmacology. Fellows gain experience in patient selection, procedural techniques, and side effect management, along with exposure to emerging treatments and research opportunities.
125:
132:(MST) are under investigation for potential psychiatric applications, offering the possibility of more targeted and less invasive interventions.
757:
715:
521:
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38:
The origins of interventional psychiatry can be traced to the historical use of procedural treatments for psychiatric disorders, with
30:
methods with targeted pharmacological interventions, providing options for patients who have not responded to traditional treatments.
85:
799:
463:"418. Five Year Open Label Study of Vagus Nerve Stimulation vs. Treatment as Usual in Severe Treatment Resistant Depression"
794:
789:
194:
Williams, Nolan R.; Taylor, Joseph J.; Kerns, Suzanne; Short, E. Baron; Kantor, Edward M.; George, Mark S. (2014-08-26).
177:
Interventional psychiatry faces challenges related to stigma, both within the medical community and the general public
39:
129:
96:
107:
784:
544:"The Future of Training and Practice in Neuromodulation: An Interventional Psychiatry Perspective"
121:
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421:"Limitations of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Future Directions for Clinical Research"
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502:"Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression"
252:"Handbook of Interventional Psychiatry - Handbook of Interventional Psychiatry"
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320:""Need to develop "Interventional Psychiatry" as a subspecialty in India""
195:
696:"Proposed curriculum for an interventional psychiatry fellowship program"
461:
Aaronson, Scott; Sears, Peter; Ruvuna, Frances; Bunker, Mark (May 2017).
211:
143:
603:"Esketamine Nasal Spray Effective in Treatment-Resistant Depression"
694:
Lan, Lucy; Raj, Kristin
Sharmila; Bhati, Mahendra Takashi (2024),
251:
53:
During the latter half of the 20th century, the rise of
16:
Interventional
Psychiatry, a subspecialty of psychiatry
542:
Trapp, Nicholas T.; Williams, Nolan R. (2021-08-27).
500:
Holtzheimer, Paul E.; Mayberg, Helen (January 2020),
425:
42:
being a notable early example. Introduced in 1938 by
649:"Brexanolone (Zulresso) for Postpartum Depression"
508:, Oxford University Press, pp. 311–326,
427:, Oxford University Press, pp. 152–170,
8:
337:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_800_19
577:
559:
353:
335:
227:
186:
126:transcranial direct current stimulation
22:is a subspecialty within the field of
7:
738:"What Is Electroconvulsive Therapy?"
379:"What Is Electroconvulsive Therapy?"
278:"What Is Electroconvulsive Therapy?"
157:Other Pharmacological Interventions
750:10.1093/oso/9780195365740.003.0005
708:10.1016/b978-0-443-18496-3.00002-1
514:10.1093/med/9780198836506.003.0019
433:10.1093/med/9780199926480.003.0011
419:Lisanby, Sarah H. (January 2014),
391:10.1093/oso/9780195365740.003.0005
290:10.1093/oso/9780195365740.003.0005
200:The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
14:
86:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
77:Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
40:Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
479:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.902
1:
601:Slomski, Anita (2019-07-23).
506:Landmark Papers in Psychiatry
702:, Elsevier, pp. 17–28,
324:Indian Journal of Psychiatry
173:Stigma and public perception
744:, Oxford University Press,
736:Fink MD, Max (2010-02-04),
385:, Oxford University Press,
377:Fink MD, Max (2010-02-04),
284:, Oxford University Press,
276:Fink MD, Max (2010-02-04),
196:"Interventional Psychiatry"
137:Interventional pharmacology
816:
71:Neuromodulation techniques
742:Electroconvulsive Therapy
700:Interventional Psychiatry
561:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.734487
383:Electroconvulsive Therapy
318:Singh, OmPrakash (2020).
282:Electroconvulsive Therapy
120:: New modalities such as
118:Other Emerging Techniques
20:Interventional Psychiatry
659:(1): 73–74. 2019-07-02.
130:magnetic seizure therapy
619:10.1001/jama.2019.10368
548:Frontiers in Psychiatry
256:interventionalpsych.org
97:Vagus Nerve Stimulation
58:distinct subspecialty.
800:Branches of psychology
665:10.1001/jama.2019.6622
108:Deep Brain Stimulation
467:Biological Psychiatry
34:Historical background
795:Behavioural sciences
790:Academic disciplines
212:10.4088/jcp.13l08745
62:Scope and treatments
164:Fellowship programs
122:focused ultrasound
55:psychopharmacology
759:978-0-19-536574-0
717:978-0-443-18496-3
523:978-0-19-883650-6
473:(10): S170–S171.
442:978-0-19-992648-0
400:978-0-19-536574-0
299:978-0-19-536574-0
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258:. 2024-07-27
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128:(tDCS), and
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44:Ugo Cerletti
37:
19:
18:
785:Psychiatry
779:Categories
765:2024-08-25
723:2024-08-25
613:(4): 296.
529:2024-08-25
448:2024-08-25
406:2024-08-25
330:(1): 1–2.
305:2024-08-25
262:2024-08-25
181:References
148:Esketamine
48:Lucio Bini
24:psychiatry
673:0098-7484
627:0098-7484
570:1664-0640
487:0006-3223
346:0019-5545
220:0160-6689
681:31265098
635:31334789
588:34512426
364:32001923
238:25191910
144:Ketamine
579:8429598
355:6964463
229:4221242
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110:(DBS)
99:(VNS)
88:(TMS)
754:ISBN
712:ISBN
677:PMID
669:ISSN
653:JAMA
631:PMID
623:ISSN
607:JAMA
584:PMID
566:ISSN
518:ISBN
483:ISSN
437:ISBN
395:ISBN
360:PMID
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294:ISBN
234:PMID
216:ISSN
146:and
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746:doi
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