377:. They asked for the surviving sons of Alauddin to be produced before them, declaring that they intended to install one of the princes on the throne, and the others as provincial governors. The mothers of the princes did not believe the Baradus, and tried to hide them. However, the Baradus found the princes, and killed the eldest among them - Farid Khan (fifteen years old) and Abu Bakr Khan (fourteen years old) - after allowing them to say their final prayers. They also killed Mubarak Shah's mother Jhatyapali. They blinded three other sons of Alauddin - Bahauddin Khan (eight years old), Ali Khan (eight years old), and Usman Khan (five years old); these princes were imprisoned at the Red Palace (
362:(betel leaf preparation) from Randhol, the Baradu leader Jaharya stabbed him to death. The Sultan, who was in the company of Khusrau Khan on the upper floor, heard the commotion caused by Ziyauddin's murder. However, Khusrau Khan told him that the royal horses had broken loose, and the noise was caused by the guards trying to catch the animals. Meanwhile, Jaharya and other Baradus entered the upper floor, and killed the Sultan's special guards - Ibrahim and Ishaq. The Sultan now realized that a rebellion was happening against him, and tried to escape to his
281:, who had become tributaries to Delhi during Alauddin's reign, asserted their independence after Malik Kafur's death. After consolidating his rule in Delhi, Mubarak Shah led a campaign to Devagiri in 1317, forcing the Yadava leader Harapala-deva and his prime minister Raghava to flee. Khusrau Khan, along with Malik Qutlugh, led an army to pursue them. The Delhi forces completely routed Raghava's army. Khusrau Khan then dispatched a force led by Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Talbagha to pursue Harapaladeva, who was later captured and beheaded.
623:. The Baradus obtained control of the houses of the former Muslim nobles, along with their women and slave-girls. The Hindus rejoiced at Khusrau Khan's ascension, hoping to weaken the Muslims, and make Delhi a Hindu-majority city again. Additionally, Khusrau’s prohibition of cow slaughter alienated many Muslim nobles, who after just four months transferred their loyalty to Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, a popular and experienced commander who had repulsed several Mongol invasions in the Punjab.
42:
716:. Multani was surrounded by Khusrau Khan's men when he received the letter, so he took the letter to the Sultan and expressed his loyalty. However, when Tughuq sent a second message to him, he expressed sympathy with Tughluq's cause, although refused to directly support Tughluq because he was surrounded by Khusrau Khan's allies.
719:
As
Tughluq raised a bigger army, and gained more support, Khusrau Khan's counselors advised him to take steps to prevent any further conspiracies and eliminate potential claimants to the throne. Accordingly, Khusrau Khan ordered killings of Alauddin's three sons - Bahauddin, Ali, and Usman - who had
672:
On the advice of his father, Fakhruddin Jauna left Delhi with some companions. When
Khusrau Khan learned of the conspiracy, he dispatched his minister of war Shaista Khan in pursuit of Fakhruddin, but the royal army was unable to capture the rebels. Tughluq then sought support from five neighbouring
347:
Next, Khusrau Khan contacted officers who resented Sultan
Mubarak Shah, and conspired with them to kill the Sultan in the royal palace. He told the Sultan that he wanted his men to be granted access to the palace, so that they could meet him without requiring him to leave the Sultan's company. The
241:
The two brothers acted as passive homosexuals to maintain their status and position. Alauddin's son
Mubarak Shah fell in love with Hasan: he preferred Hasan as a homosexual partner, but turned to Husamuddin whenever Hasan was unavailable. Their relationship was not a secret, and Mubarak and Hasan
351:
On 7 May 1320, Qazi
Ziyauddin, a teacher of the Sultan, suggested an investigation into the assembly of the Baradus. However, the Sultan angrily dismissed the suggestion, and none of the nobles dared to make a similar suggestion. Barani claims that, when the Sultan told Khusrau Khan about Qazi
316:
writes that
Khusrau Khan resented "the way the Sultan forced himself upon him and took advantage of him", and secretly planned revenge against him. Mubarak's other subordinates warned him about Khusrau's treacherous plans, but while being sodomized by the Sultan, Khusrau convinced him that the
406:
After killing the Sultan and potential claimants to the throne, the conspirators persuaded or compelled the various nobles to come to the first floor of the royal palace at midnight, and accept
Khusrau Khan as the new king. According to Barani, the following nobles were held as "hostages" at
355:
On the night of 9 July 1320, Qazi
Ziyauddin visited the ground floor of the palace to supervise the palace guard. Randhol, the maternal uncle of Khusrau Khan, entered the palace with a large number of Baradus, who hid daggers under their clothes. When Ziyauddin let his guard down to accept a
370:(axe) at the Sultan's chest, lifted him up by his hair, and threw him to the ground. He then beheaded the Sultan, and the head was later thrown in the courtyard on the ground floor. The Baradus massacred the palace residents, while the royal guards fled to save their lives.
588:
The
Baradus do not appear to have been granted any important posts in Khusrau Khan's government, presumably because they were illiterate. However, several of them appear to have been rewarded with titles, cash grants, and military commands. For example:
366:, which was located a floor above. However, Khusrau Khan stopped him by seizing his hair. The Sultan knocked Khusrau Khan to the ground, and sat on his chest, but Khusrau Khan did not let go of his hair. Meanwhile, Jaharya arrived at the scene, stuck a
402:
Khusrau Khan initially planned to install a son of the deceased Sultan on the throne as a puppet ruler. However, his advisors suggested that a prince would have him killed after his accession, and therefore, he decided to claim the throne himself.
269:. Husamuddin later became an apostate (from Islam), because of which the local nobles of Gujarat arrested him, and brought him to Delhi in chains. However, Mubarak Shah merely slapped him, and gave him a high position in the royal court.
641:
in the mosques read in his name. Apart from Qazi
Ziyauddin, whose wife and child had run away after his killing, the Baradus did not seize houses of Muslim nobles, many of whom were appointed to regular government posts under Khusrau.
618:
Barani portrays the killing of Mubarak Shah as a Hindu-Muslim conflict. He claims that 5–6 days after Khusrau Khan's ascension to the throne, the Baradus and other Hindus started idol worship in the palace, and would sit on the
742:
states that Khusrau Khan reigned for "two or three" months. Barani also suggests that Khusrau Khan ruled for more than two months, when he states that Fakhruddin Jauna fled from Delhi 2½ months after the Sultan's ascension.
427:
Shortly after ascending the throne, Khusrau Khan married the widow of Mubarak Shah. This marriage was declared invalid after Khusrau Khan was deposed, as according to the Muslim law, the widow could remarry only when four
348:
Sultan obliged, and subsequently, every night 300-400 Baradus started entering the palace. They assembled in the former chambers of Malik Kafur on the ground floor of the palace, which had been assigned to Khusrau Khan.
419:
Qara Beg. No information is available about the discussions between the conspirators and the nobles, but by the sunrise, all the nobles at the palace had accepted Khusrau Khan's accession to the throne as
738:, Mubarak Shah was murdered on 9 July 1320 and Tughluq ascended the throne on 6 September 1320. This implies that Khusrau Khan held the throne for less than two months. However, 14th century chronicler
234:
in central India. They were brought as slaves to Delhi, where they converted to Islam, and were named Hasan (later Khusrau Khan) and Husamuddin (or Hisamuddin). They were brought up by Alauddin's
669:
in Khusrau Khan's government, was not happy with the regime at Delhi. He convened a secret meeting of his friends, and on their advice, sought help from his father to overthrow Khusrau Khan.
265:, Mubarak Shah became "so enamored by Hasan ... that he did not want to be parted from him for a moment." Mubarak Shah appointed Khusrau Khan's brother Husamuddin as the governor of
661:
refused to acknowledge Khusrau Khan's ascension. However, realizing the enemy's military strength, he did not take any immediate steps to oppose the ascension. Tughluq's son
196:
to resume tribute payments to Delhi. In 1320, he led a group of Baradus and disgruntled nobles to assassinate Mubarak Shah, and ascended the throne with the regnal name
782:
The Sultanate of Delhi, 711-1526 A.D.: Including the Arab Invasion of Sindh, Hindu Rule in Afghanistan and Causes of the Defeat of the Hindus in Early Medieval Age
690:, informed Khusrau Khan about Tughluq's letter, and unsuccessfully invaded Dipalpur. He later retreated to Samana, and was killed by a group of angry citizens.
292:, stopped making tribute payments to Delhi after Alauddin's death. In 1318, Mubarak Shah sent an army led by Khusrau Khan, Malik Qutlugh, and Khwaja Haji to
253:
as a puppet ruler. Shortly after, Malik Kafur was killed, and Shihabuddin's half brother Mubarak Shah usurped the throne. Mubarak Shah gave Hasan the title
637:, Barani's narrative is unreliable, and contradicted by more reliable sources. Khusrau Khan wished to be seen as a normal Muslim monarch, and had the
1405:
1400:
680:
Mughlati, the governor of Multan, refused to join Tughluq, and was killed by Tughluq's friend Bahram Siraj. His army did not join Tughluq's forces.
630:
writes that after usurping the kingdom, Khusrau Khan "reverted to his ancient faith, began a reign of terror heaping dishonour on Muslim nobles".
296:, the capital of Prataparudra. Prataparudra surrendered, and agreed to make regular tribute payments. After this victory, Khusrau Khan marched to
827:
Amir Khusrau Critical Studies, National Committee for 700th Anniversary of Amir Khusrau, 1975, p.8, Islam and the Modern Age Volume 27, 1996 p.19
704:, also promised to support Tughluq, but deliberately reached Delhi only after the battle between the forces of Tughluq and Khusrau Khan was over.
231:
158:
1385:
1329:
223:, Barau, Rabari or Parvar. They were nominally converts to Islam, but retained some affiliations with Hinduism. In 1305, during the reign of
219:, Khusrau Khan and his brother belonged to a Hindu caste or group called Baradu. The name of this group has been variously transliterated as
1375:
1350:
1264:
1390:
606:
Two other uncles of the new Sultan - probably Nag and Kajb Brahma - were given the highest commands in the Baradu contingent
320:
Khusrau Khan also convinced Mubarak Shah to allow him to raise an army of Baradu Hindus by arguing that all other nobles (
1395:
1370:
177:. After ascending the throne in 1316, Mubarak Shah gave him the title "Khusrau Khan", and greatly favoured him.
1246:
1305:. Vol. 5: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
1232:. Vol. 5: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
1380:
293:
185:
1223:
654:
204:
174:
81:
71:
300:, where Mubarak Shah had been residing for a month. The rest of the army joined him on the banks of the
662:
491:
724:
713:
627:
500:
Shaista Khan, a co-conspirator and a son of Muhammad Qirat Qimar, was appointed the minister of war
408:
278:
228:
181:
540:, and re-appointed as the minister of the secretariat, a post that he held during Alauddin's reign
503:
Yusuf Sahi, another co-conspirator, was given the title of Sufi Khan and appointed as a counseller
1226:(1992) . "The Khaljis: Qutbuddin Mubarak Khalji". In Mohammad Habib; Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (eds.).
728:
1299:(1992) . "The Khaljis: Nasiruddin Khusrau Khan". In Mohammad Habib; Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (eds.).
812:
796:
780:
257:, with the former fief of Malik Kafur. Within a year, Khusrau Khan was promoted to the post of
1346:
1325:
1319:
1306:
1284:
1260:
1254:
1233:
739:
549:
Yak Lakkhi Qadr Khan (not to be confused with Yak Lakkhi, the governor of Devagiri and Samana)
250:
313:
262:
224:
150:
53:
731:. Khusrau Khan fled from the battlefield, but was captured and killed a few days later.
336:, this army included 10,000 Baradu horsemen, and was commanded by several Hindu chiefs (
1296:
1250:
687:
634:
697:, agreed to support Tughluq, but reached Delhi only after Tughluq ascended the throne.
373:
To eliminate any possible claimants to the thorne, the Baradus then entered the royal
352:
Ziyauddin's suggestion, Khusrau Khan won over his confidence by making love with him.
1364:
440:
Khusrau Khans officers included the following men, many of whom had served Alauddin:
301:
170:
677:
Bahram, the governor of Uchch, joined Tughluq's cause and provided military support.
324:) had their own groups of followers. He enlisted several soldiers at Bahilwal (near
735:
429:
289:
216:
193:
1340:
1300:
1278:
1227:
1098:
246:
129:
118:
1288:
1310:
1274:
1237:
609:
Jaharya, the murderer of the preceding sultan, was given pearls and diamonds
581:
325:
41:
17:
658:
510:
382:
285:
189:
180:
Khusrau Khan led a successful campaign to reassert Delhi's control over
386:
329:
266:
220:
162:
154:
95:
709:
593:
Husamuddin, the younger brother of Khusrau Khan, was given the title
576:
297:
258:
200:. However, he was soon deposed by a group of rebels led by the noble
847:
845:
701:
694:
620:
531:
374:
363:
166:
107:
1153:
1151:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1068:
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1053:
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967:
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938:
913:
911:
898:
896:
385:, even Malik Nusrat - who had renounced royal life to become a
762:
760:
758:
756:
389:- was killed, because he was the son of a sister of Alauddin.
1259:. Vol. Supplement (New ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill.
603:; he was also given the house and wealth of Qazi Ziyauddin
599:
Randhol, an uncles of Khusrau Khan, was given the title
1321:
Same-Sex Love in India: Readings in Indian Literature
785:. Shiva Lal Agarwala, 1966. p. 175–178, 358–359.
723:
Tughluq's army defeated Khusrau Khan's forces at the
1099:"The Sufi and the Sultan in Pre-Mughal Muslim India"
153:for around two months in 1320. Originally from the
128:
114:
101:
91:
87:
77:
67:
59:
51:
34:
929:
851:
485:Qara Beg - were given the offices of their father.
454:; he died or retired soon after, when the post of
245:After Alauddin's death in 1316, his slave-general
227:, they were captured when the Delhi forces led by
1084:
817:. Calcutta Oriental Press, 1985. pp. 22–23.
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1142:
1119:
1072:
1057:
1042:
1025:
1010:
432:periods had passed after her husband's death.
995:
983:
971:
956:
944:
917:
902:
875:
863:
801:. Indian History Congress, 1955. p. 176.
766:
708:Tughluq also sent a letter to Khusrau Khan's
8:
494:, a son of Tughluq, was given the office of
450:Wahiduddin Quraishi was re-appointed as the
184:in 1317. The next year, he led an army that
161:in 1305. After being brought to Delhi as a
157:, he was captured by the Delhi army during
814:The Indian Historical Quarterly, Volume 30
40:
31:
887:
836:
46:Billon 2 gani of Nasir Ud Din Khusro Shah
464:Ayn al-Mulk Multani was given the title
381:). According to the 16th century writer
752:
530:Tigin was appointed as the governor of
509:Tamar was appointed as the governor of
1342:India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765
567:Qabul, who had been given the post of
317:accusers were falsely slandering him.
125:
720:earlier been blinded and imprisoned.
242:exchanged hugs and kisses in public.
7:
536:Bahauddin Dabir was given the title
518:Kafur Muhrdar was given the post of
693:Muhammad Shah Lur, the governor of
207:, who succeeded him on the throne.
159:Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa
1280:History of the Khaljis (1290-1320)
1109:. Verlag von Karl J. Trübner: 148.
273:Military career under Mubarak Shah
215:According to the Delhi chronicler
25:
481:Badruddin Abu Bakr - the sons of
411:, Wahiduddin Quraishi, Bahauddin
1302:A Comprehensive History of India
1229:A Comprehensive History of India
458:was given to Ayn al-Mulk Multani
27:Indian slave and Sultan of Delhi
1406:Converts to Hinduism from Islam
1401:Converts to Islam from Hinduism
1283:. Allahabad: The Indian Press.
930:R. Vanita & S. Kidwai 2000
852:R. Vanita & S. Kidwai 2000
700:Hushang Shah, the governor of
633:According to Indian historian
261:. According to the chronicler
1:
1318:R. Vanita; S. Kidwai (2000).
524:Shihab was given the post of
308:Assassination of Mubarak Shah
1386:14th-century Indian monarchs
686:Yak Lakkhi, the governor of
626:Pakistani-Canadian academic
1376:14th-century Indian Muslims
779:Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal.
584:, and his son Muhammad Ayaz
249:appointed the minor prince
1422:
1256:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
304:on his way back to Delhi.
63:10 July – 5 September 1320
1339:Richard M. Eaton (2019).
665:, who held the office of
328:) and in the province of
135:
124:
39:
1245:I. H. Siddiqui (1980).
555:Talbagha, son of Yaghda
284:Another tributary, the
655:Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
165:, he was converted to
82:Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
72:Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah
1391:14th-century soldiers
1085:Richard M. Eaton 2019
415:, and three sons of
1396:14th-century slaves
1208:, pp. 456–459.
1206:Mohammad Habib 1992
1196:, pp. 453–456.
1194:Mohammad Habib 1992
1182:Mohammad Habib 1992
1170:I. H. Siddiqui 1980
1158:Mohammad Habib 1992
1143:Mohammad Habib 1992
1120:Mohammad Habib 1992
1097:Aziz Ahmad (1962).
1073:Mohammad Habib 1992
1058:Mohammad Habib 1992
1043:Mohammad Habib 1992
1026:Mohammad Habib 1992
1011:Mohammad Habib 1992
986:, pp. 443–444.
959:, pp. 442–443.
725:Battle of Saraswati
714:Ayn al-Mulk Multani
657:), the governor of
526:naib-i amir-i hajib
409:Ayn al-Mulk Multani
279:Yadavas of Devagiri
236:naib-i khas-i hajib
229:Ayn al-Mulk Multani
996:B. P. Saksena 1992
984:B. P. Saksena 1992
972:B. P. Saksena 1992
957:B. P. Saksena 1992
945:B. P. Saksena 1992
918:B. P. Saksena 1992
903:B. P. Saksena 1992
876:B. P. Saksena 1992
864:B. P. Saksena 1992
767:B. P. Saksena 1992
729:Battle of Lahrawat
173:of Alauddin's son
171:homosexual partner
1331:978-1-137-05480-7
1249:; E. van Donzel;
712:(prime minister)
614:Religious outlook
552:Ambar Bughra Khan
543:Sumbul Hatim Khan
294:besieged Warangal
186:besieged Warangal
144:
143:
140:
139:
16:(Redirected from
1413:
1371:Sultans of Delhi
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1335:
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764:
663:Fakhruddin Jauna
574:Ahmad Ayaz, the
558:Talbagha Nagauri
492:Fakhruddin Jauna
251:Shihabuddin Omar
126:
44:
32:
21:
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648:
616:
515:Kamaluddin Sufi
438:
400:
395:
332:. According to
314:Ziauddin Barani
310:
275:
232:conquered Malwa
225:Alauddin Khalji
213:
169:, and became a
151:Sultan of Delhi
106:
54:Sultan of Delhi
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
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1388:
1383:
1381:Khalji dynasty
1378:
1373:
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1358:
1357:
1351:
1336:
1330:
1315:
1297:Mohammad Habib
1293:
1271:
1265:
1251:Charles Pellat
1247:C. E. Bosworth
1242:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1184:, p. 453.
1174:
1172:, p. 105.
1162:
1160:, p. 452.
1147:
1145:, p. 451.
1124:
1122:, p. 450.
1112:
1089:
1077:
1075:, p. 449.
1062:
1060:, p. 447.
1047:
1045:, p. 448.
1030:
1028:, p. 445.
1015:
1013:, p. 446.
1000:
998:, p. 444.
988:
976:
974:, p. 443.
961:
949:
947:, p. 442.
934:
932:, p. 134.
922:
920:, p. 436.
907:
905:, p. 435.
892:
890:, p. 329.
888:K. S. Lal 1950
880:
878:, p. 434.
868:
866:, p. 433.
856:
854:, p. 133.
841:
839:, p. 323.
837:K. S. Lal 1950
829:
820:
804:
788:
771:
769:, p. 431.
751:
750:
748:
745:
706:
705:
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691:
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678:
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635:Mohammad Habib
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569:shuhna-i manda
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436:Administration
434:
399:
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274:
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188:, forcing the
155:Gujarat region
149:was an Indian
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1352:9780141985398
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1345:. Penguine.
1341:
1324:. Springer.
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736:Amir Khusrau
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255:Khusrau Khan
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217:Amir Khusrau
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194:Prataparudra
179:
175:Mubarak Shah
147:Khusrau Khan
146:
145:
35:Khusrau Khan
29:
798:Proceedings
673:governors:
651:Ghazi Malik
571:by Alauddin
561:Saif Chaush
466:Alimul mulk
312:Chronicler
247:Malik Kafur
130:Regnal name
119:Devala Devi
110:, now India
68:Predecessor
18:Khusro Khan
1365:Categories
747:References
628:Aziz Ahmad
445:Tajul Mulk
407:midnight:
379:Qasr-i Lal
211:Early life
198:Nasiruddin
136:Nasiruddin
1289:685167335
1275:K. S. Lal
1103:Der Islam
667:akhur-bek
646:Overthrow
601:Rai Rayan
496:akhur-bek
398:Accession
326:Mount Abu
78:Successor
1311:31870180
1277:(1950).
1253:(eds.).
1238:31870180
727:and the
659:Dipalpur
511:Chanderi
383:Firishta
286:Kakatiya
190:Kakatiya
182:Devagiri
473:Hasan,
387:dervish
330:Gujarat
267:Gujarat
221:Bharwad
205:Tughluq
96:Veraval
1349:
1328:
1309:
1287:
1263:
1236:
688:Samana
639:khutba
577:kotwal
422:Sultan
322:maliks
298:Ellora
288:ruler
263:Barani
192:ruler
115:Spouse
740:Isami
710:wazir
702:Jalor
695:Sindh
684:Malik
621:Quran
565:Malik
547:Malik
532:Awadh
507:Malik
489:Malik
483:Malik
479:Malik
475:Malik
471:Malik
462:Malik
456:wazir
452:wazir
448:Malik
417:Malik
413:Dabir
393:Reign
375:harem
368:patta
364:harem
342:ranas
259:vazir
202:Malik
167:Islam
163:slave
108:Delhi
60:Reign
52:16th
1347:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1307:OCLC
1285:OCLC
1261:ISBN
1234:OCLC
582:Siri
359:paan
340:and
338:rais
277:The
105:1320
102:Died
92:Born
580:of
344:).
1367::
1150:^
1127:^
1107:38
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755:^
1355:.
1334:.
1313:.
1291:.
1269:.
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653:(
20:)
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