25:
312:(of an action β complete, experienced, repeated, or continuing), honorification (appropriate choice of suffix following language protocol), and clause-final conjunctives or sentence enders chosen from various speech styles and types of sentences such as interrogative, declarative, imperative, and suggestive.
4146:
language, verbs are typically the last element in a Korean sentence, and the only one necessary. That is, a properly conjugated verb can form a sentence by itself. The subject and the object of a sentence are often omitted when these are considered obvious in context. For example, the sentence:
272:
The distinction between action verbs and descriptive verbs is visible in verb conjugation in a few places. The copulas conjugate like stative verbs, but the existential verbs conjugate like action verbs. Some verbs can be either stative or active, depending on meaning.
2021:
before a consonant). This suffix, which is conventionally called "past" or "perfective" by various linguists, has many different meanings, depending on the semantics of the verb that it is attached to and the context; it may be a simple past or a present perfect.
1902:
derives an honorific verb, that is, a verb which is used when the subject of a sentence is higher in social status than the speaker. Such verbs are used, for example, when speaking of one's elders, one's social superiors (parents, teachers, bosses), or strangers.
369:
the "infinitive" form. This tense-neutral form also does not express any honorifics and speech levels. Thus they are often used for literary titles, subtitles and chapter titles, since they are not specifically directed toward an individual or a group.
3701:) descriptions; effectively, "eaten food" is food which once was eaten (past), whereas "a pretty flower" is a flower which has become pretty, and still is (present/timeless). To specify the ongoing action for an active verb, the invariable suffix
2125:, often used to describe future events. It is used, when the speaker has valid reasons to believe something will be certain to happen. For instance, the suffix is used in broadcasting contexts in Korean such as weather forecasts.
352:
without a tense-aspect marker. For verbs, this form was used as an imperfect declarative form in Middle Korean, but is no longer used in Modern Korean. For adjectives, this form is the non-past declarative form.
4124:
These are both subordinating conjunctive suffixes and can not (in the more formal registers, at least) derive complete sentences of their own without the addition of a main verb, by default the existential verb
300:. These suffixes are numerous but regular and ordered. There are over 40 basic endings, but over 400 when the combinations of these endings are counted. Grammatical categories of verb suffixes include
2128:
But it may be used together with the perfective and pluperfect suffixes, or in a present tense context. If used with the perfective suffix, this makes an inferential or conditional past
174:
come in last place in a clause. Verbs are the most complex part of speech, and a properly conjugated verb may stand on its own as a complete sentence. This article uses the
220:
Existential verbs convey the existence of something, or its presence in a particular location or a particular being's possession. This category was created for the verb
3981:
is used for completed actions or processes that result in a present state. The individual verb's meaning can help determine which interpretation is appropriate. Hence
241:
Copulative verbs allow a non-verb to take verbal endings. In Korean this category was created for the affirmative and negative copula. The affirmative copula is
2268:
Not all combinations of the suffixes in the template above are possible. The most common sequences after the tense suffix (that is, after the root or honorific
320:
A great many verbs change the pronunciation of the final consonant of the root after the addition of a suffix. Some of these changes are the result of regular
4675:
1754:
Derivational endings are attached directly to the verb root, and are followed by the tense suffixes. These derivational suffixes end with the high vowels
1958:
Following the derivational endings, Korean verbs can contain up to three suffixes in a row which represent a combination of tense, aspect, and mood.
4336:
154:
3710:
is used instead. This is not found on descriptive verbs, as it makes no sense to say that *"a flower is being pretty". For the future, the suffix
2924:
as its own pronunciation.) This shows deference towards the audience of the conversation, for example when speaking in a formal situation, such as
3697:
after a vowel, for the past tense. For descriptive or stative verbs, often equivalent to adjectives in
English, this form is used for generic (
4552:
4255:
1742:
is used for when a person or animate being subject tries to accomplish an action, that is, begins and is unable to finish it successfully.
1292:. None of these are used in the casual or intimate styles, and the formal plain indicative declarative can only occur in the gnomic tense.
4159:(" found !") consists of only a verb because the context in which this sentence would occur makes the identity of the arguments obvious.
3189:
None of these are used in the casual or intimate styles, and only the formal plain indicative declarative can occur in the gnomic tense.
3990:
can mean βgot marriedβ, focusing on the past event, or βis marriedβ, focusing on the present state resulting from the past event. But
4096:
Both juxtapose two actions, the action in the subclause and the action in the main clause. The difference between them is that with
324:
or cluster simplification, but some of them are irregular. The irregular verbs contain root-final consonants that were historically
68:
35:
4917:
4365:
3720:
with reinforcement of the following consonant) is used, and in the imperfective/retrospective (recalling what once was) it is
4121:
was used instead, the meaning would be closer to "I meet you and I'm happy," that is, without any implied logical connection.
4390:
2150:"should have, would have, must have." If used with the remote past suffix it makes an inferential or conditional remote past
2213:, via vowel absorption, as mentioned above. This contraction and change in meaning has its parallel in the future tense of
373:
This so-called infinitive, however, must not be confused with the citation form mentioned above. It is formed by attaching
4380:
4360:
1618:: These distinctions are not made in the intimate and casual styles. Instead, this slot is taken by the intimate suffix
259:"not to be." However, there are many other verbs in Korean that also serve to attach verb endings to nouns, most notably
4375:
4329:
4143:
3330:
These distinctions are not made in the intimate and casual styles. Instead, this place is taken by the intimate suffix
147:
2932:) one's elders. If speaking both to and of one's elders, one would use the formal and the honorific suffixes together.
4910:
175:
50:
4984:
4395:
4370:
2869:. The short form is used after a vowel and the long form is used after a consonant. (In the Korean writing system
1922:
While the honorific suffix is necessary, some verbs have honorific alternatives which must be used in addition to
46:
4415:
696:
2060:
A verb can superficially have two copies of the above-mentioned suffix, the second of which, however, is always
1807:
in Korean is partly lexical and partly derivational. Many forms can change their valency by the addition of the
1189:
one's elders. If speaking both to and of one's elders, one would use both the formal and the honorific suffixes.
214:
4922:
692:
1102:, remote past-future (An action that should have been completed in the past but has not actually been done)
4979:
4633:
4448:
4385:
4322:
206:
Action or processive verbs involve some action or internal movement. For a list of Korean action verbs, see
140:
4950:
4685:
4601:
4571:
3649:
2016:
2010:
763:
3604:
Attributive verb endings modify nouns and take the place of attributive adjectives. Korean does not have
4884:
4660:
4616:
4430:
4026:
3659:
1804:
1746:
is a more common negator which is used in all other instances. The two prefixes are mutually exclusive.
774:
3969:
is sometimes used as well, with the same meaning, on active verbs. It precedes the attributive suffix.
915:
This shows deference towards the topic of the conversation, for example when speaking of one's elders.
365:
in the citation form, there is also a long stem with an additional harmonic vowel, called by linguist
213:
Stative or descriptive verbs are sometimes called adjectives. For a list of Korean stative verbs, see
207:
4905:
4814:
3593:
199:
123:
108:
1702:
after a consonant) appears in the informal styles. It expresses one's relationship to the audience.
4848:
4778:
4628:
4591:
4581:
4547:
4453:
4434:
4232:
2965:
1229:
708:
290:
4566:
4349:
3654:
3228:
1490:
788:
769:
337:
309:
195:
4193:
Reference
Grammar of Korean: A Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language
328:
and which, as a result disappeared or mutated between vowels but remained next to a consonant.
4670:
4519:
4494:
4463:
4251:
4207:
3664:
2098:
1808:
1048:
939:
846:
784:
779:
305:
128:
118:
1772:
which is reduced to a glide in the long stem form. For example, with a following past tense,
711:
of a clause is prefix + root + up to seven suffixes, and can be illustrated with a template:
4724:
4208:"15th century Korean Grammar from a Viewpoint of Linguistic Typology and Historical Grammar"
3669:
3609:
3605:
3258:
3198:
2250:
2181:
2177:
1523:
1451:
1269:
972:. If there is no intervening consonant, this reduces, both in pronunciation and in writing:
798:
366:
321:
282:
93:
4872:
4821:
4785:
4655:
4314:
3288:
2941:
1562:
1197:
301:
171:
103:
98:
3612:
modify nouns, as adjectives do in
English. Where in English one would say "I saw the man
1185:
This shows deference towards the audience of the conversation, for example when speaking
2011:
4853:
4745:
4729:
4608:
4425:
293:. Verbs can be quite long because of all the suffixes that mark grammatical contrasts.
84:
893:
is reduced to a glide before another vowel. For example, with a following past tense,
707:
Verbs are the most complex part of speech in Korean. Their structure when used as the
4973:
4958:
4708:
4692:
4623:
4536:
4443:
2185:
969:
688:
394:
857:(the spelling of this suffix may change, depending on the stem change of the verb).
4843:
4834:
4806:
4801:
4561:
4524:
4475:
4470:
3698:
2990:
2214:
2110:
1915:
is only used after a consonant. Otherwise, the initial vowel is absorbed, becoming
923:
191:
3616:
walks the dog", the structure of Korean is more like "The dog-walking man I saw".
4879:
3620:
2739:**The formal-polite imperative almost always takes the subject honorific suffix
2192:
1319:
are used in the formal plain and familiar interrogative styles. After a vowel,
296:
A Korean verb root is bound, meaning that it never occurs without at least one
4753:
2752:
The intimate, intimate polite, casual, and casual polite endings are simpler.
2260:
2255:
2094:
1711:
808:
803:
4117:(literally, "Since I met you, I'm happy" or "Having met you, I'm happy"). If
1714:
negative form, if it exists, or by putting a negative adverb in front of it.
2245:
1812:
850:
793:
397:. If the verbal root ends in a vowel, the two vowels may merge or contract.
286:
4108:
is frequently used to imply causation, and in many common expressions like
2879:
is written at the bottom of the previous syllable. In South Korea, after
325:
1143:
after a vowel (it is normally written in the same block as that vowel),
695:, and before certain (not all) verb endings. It may be compared to the
2870:
2176:, though this is rare. Because this infix is occasionally used for a
297:
190:
Korean verbs are typically classified into four categories: action,
53:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2191:
Etymologically, the future suffix is the result of the merger of a
4304:
4250:. Singapore: Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Company Inc. p. 3.
3596:
speech levels. It raises the level of politeness of those styles.
2072:
and represents a true past tense. This results in the combination
687:
This infinitive form is not used as a noun, but it can be used in
4080:
which is, however, attached to the long stem of a verb ending in
4345:
167:
4318:
4180:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. p. 221.
4041:, can be interpreted as a subordinating conjunction. That is,
922:
If there is no suffix in this slot, the verb is in present or
18:
3623:
suffix, with little of the complexity of finite verbs above.
1443:
are used in the familiar declarative and subjunctive styles.
853:. These often involve a stem change, followed by the suffix
4271:
4195:. Rutland, VT and Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co. p. 244.
340:
or citation form of a Korean verb is the form that ends in
4100:
the action in the subclause necessarily came first, while
1155:
after a consonant in a declarative or interrogative verb,
2912:
is not the standard language. So, nowadays, the syllable
2017:
3197:
The pragmatic moods, for want of a better term, are the
1450:
The pragmatic moods, for lack of a better term, are the
1196:
The syntactic moods, for lack of a better term, are the
4285:
Kim, Nam-Il (March 1975). "The Double Past in Korean".
1167:
after a consonant in a proposition. (After a consonant
42:
3999:βkicked the ballβ can only denote a past action and
2940:
The syntactic moods, for want of a better term, are
2906:. This rule was modified at the end of the 80s, and
4949:
4933:
4895:
4862:
4830:
4794:
4768:
4738:
4717:
4701:
4648:
4535:
4505:
4484:
4424:
4411:
4029:suffixes. These suffixes make subordinate clauses.
2737:
is only found in the present tense of action verbs.
2184:tense, depending on context it is sometimes called
4017:is an action verb, meaning βget formed/createdβ.)
4008:βis handsomeβ can only denote the present state. (
1890:, sometimes with additional changes to the stem.
1710:A verb is typically negated in Korean by using a
4071:Another suffix, somewhat similar in meaning, is
676:"to become" may or may not undergo contraction.
4068:means "I eat meat and..." or "My eating meat."
4330:
285:. Every verb form in Korean has two parts: a
148:
8:
4151:
4126:
4109:
4104:conveys more of an unordered juxtaposition.
4072:
4060:
4051:
4042:
4033:
4009:
4000:
3991:
3982:
3976:
3961:
3941:
3925:
3909:
3888:
3872:
3854:
3833:
3813:
3790:
3760:
3751:
3742:
3733:
3721:
3711:
3702:
3692:
3680:
3587:
3565:
3547:
3521:
3508:
3495:
3477:
3455:
3442:
3429:
3411:
3398:
3385:
3352:
3343:
3322:
3313:
3294:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3222:
3213:
3204:
3180:
3171:
3162:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3126:
3093:
3079:
3065:
3042:
3029:
2996:
2984:
2972:
2959:
2947:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2861:
2743:
2732:
2713:
2698:
2683:
2657:
2637:
2622:
2607:
2592:
2569:
2554:
2539:
2524:
2504:
2489:
2474:
2459:
2436:
2421:
2406:
2391:
2371:
2356:
2341:
2326:
2208:
2199:
2164:
2142:
2117:
2085:
2064:
2033:
2004:
1970:
1942:
1930:
1910:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1849:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1788:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1733:
1721:
1697:
1688:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1643:
1631:
1603:
1587:
1568:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1481:
1469:
1457:
1438:
1426:
1417:
1404:
1392:
1383:
1368:
1356:
1344:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1223:
1214:
1203:
1176:
1159:
1147:
1138:
1116:
1090:
1064:
1035:
1023:
1011:
1002:
990:
977:
956:
930:
904:
888:
879:
867:
830:
821:
658:
634:
621:
597:
584:
560:
547:
523:
510:
486:
468:
444:
431:
407:
385:
344:
260:
251:
242:
230:
221:
926:. Future tense & prospective aspect is
361:Besides a verbal root itself that precedes
4509:
4421:
4337:
4323:
4315:
2038:via vowel absorption. The contracted form
155:
141:
80:
3679:Active verbs use the attributive suffix
2029:is a contraction of the existential verb
1717:There are two possible negative adverbs:
289:, simple or expanded, plus a sequence of
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
3770:
3625:
3359:
3003:
2754:
2292:
2224:
713:
4168:
83:
4176:Lee, Iksop; Ramsey, S. Robert (2000).
1966:This suffix is an enclitic consonant '
4215:Korea Review of International Studies
3869:(cooked rice which used to be eaten)"
838:"cannot" also occur in this position.
7:
2052:, was originally a present perfect.
1976:
1409:are used in the formal polite style.
2009:(the final consonant is pronounced
4233:"Word Types & Dictionary Form"
3938:"cooked rice which would be eaten"
3885:"cooked rice which had been eaten"
3619:The structure is ROOT + valence +
2093:. This combination communicates a
14:
4272:"Learn Korean Ep. 17: Plain Form"
250:"to be," and the negative copula
3954:"a flower which will be pretty"
2272:in the present tense, after the
1047:There are also compound tenses:
23:
4206:Park, Jin-ho (September 2020).
4050:means approximately "eating,"
215:wikt:Category:Korean adjectives
3828:(cooked rice which was eaten)"
1:
4248:A Reference Grammar of Korean
2290:in the past and future) are,
1898:The subject honorific suffix
1181:letter in the suffix drops.)
229:"to exist" and its opposite,
1019:in the perfective. The verb
308:(past, present, or future),
16:Part of Korean grammar class
3732:For example, from the verb
49:the claims made and adding
5001:
4246:Martin, Samuel E. (1992).
4191:Martin, Samuel E. (1992).
4142:As a typical right-headed
3627:Attributive verb template
3059:Familiar non-interrogative
400:Without vowel contraction
393:to the root, according to
208:wikt:Category:Korean verbs
4512:
4356:
4152:
4127:
4110:
4073:
4061:
4059:means "eating meat," and
4052:
4043:
4034:
4010:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3977:
3962:
3942:
3926:
3922:"cooked rice to be eaten"
3910:
3889:
3873:
3855:
3834:
3830:
3814:
3805:
3803:"cooked rice being eaten"
3791:
3781:
3778:
3761:
3752:
3750:"pretty", and the nouns
3743:
3741:"to eat", the adjective
3734:
3722:
3712:
3703:
3693:
3681:
3588:
3566:
3561:
3548:
3535:
3522:
3509:
3496:
3491:
3478:
3456:
3443:
3430:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3381:
3353:
3344:
3323:
3314:
3295:
3283:
3274:
3265:
3253:
3244:
3235:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3094:
3080:
3066:
3043:
3030:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2960:
2948:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2862:
2757:
2744:
2733:
2714:
2699:
2684:
2658:
2638:
2623:
2608:
2593:
2581:
2570:
2555:
2540:
2525:
2505:
2490:
2475:
2460:
2448:
2437:
2422:
2407:
2392:
2372:
2357:
2342:
2327:
2315:
2295:
2209:
2204:and the existential root
2200:
2165:
2143:
2118:
2086:
2065:
2034:
2005:
1971:
1943:
1931:
1911:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1850:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1789:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1734:
1722:
1698:
1689:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1632:
1604:
1588:
1569:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1439:
1427:
1418:
1405:
1393:
1384:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1224:
1215:
1204:
1177:
1160:
1148:
1139:
1117:
1091:
1065:
1036:
1024:
1012:
1003:
991:
978:
957:
931:
905:
889:
880:
868:
831:
822:
728:
723:
693:serial verb constructions
659:
635:
622:
598:
585:
561:
548:
524:
511:
487:
469:
445:
432:
408:
386:
345:
261:
252:
243:
231:
222:
1031:"to do" is an irregular
863:The honorific suffix is
817:*The negative prefix is
304:(passive or causative),
4287:Foundations of Language
4115:mannaseo bangapseumnida
4032:One very common suffix
3901:"a once-pretty flower"
3867:"once-eaten cooked rice
2226:Sentence-final endings
1979:of the verb (ending in
1815:derivational suffixes,
1666:) or the casual suffix
1007:"to come" is therefore
729:Sentence-final endings
479:With vowel contraction
3960:The perfective suffix
3688:after a consonant, or
3021:Familiar interrogative
2221:Sentence-final endings
684:"to do" is irregular.
322:consonant assimilation
4066:naega gogireul meokko
3348:or the casual suffix
2928:(but not necessarily
2857:The formal suffix is
1750:Derivational suffixes
1340:. Before declarative
1228:; the retrospective (
1134:The formal suffix is
724:Derivational suffixes
715:Finite verb template
291:inflectional suffixes
3787:Present progressive
3176:respectively before
1599:(formal plain), and
1561:(familiar); and the
1549:(formal plain), and
1477:(formal plain), and
182:to show morphology.
4178:The Korean Language
4144:subjectβobjectβverb
4021:Conjunctive endings
3773:
3759:"cooked rice" and
3628:
3600:Attributive endings
2227:
2015:before a vowel and
1043:in the perfective.
884:after a vowel. The
875:after a consonant,
716:
703:Finite verb endings
3972:For action verbs,
3846:"a pretty flower"
3826:"eaten cooked rice
3772:Attributive forms
3771:
3768:"flower", we get:
3626:
3583:The polite suffix
3106:Casual or intimate
2225:
1684:The polite suffix
714:
194:(or description),
34:possibly contains
4985:Verbs by language
4967:
4966:
4918:godan and ichidan
4911:Kagoshima dialect
4764:
4763:
4644:
4643:
4350:world's languages
4257:978-0-8048-3771-2
3958:
3957:
3677:
3676:
3610:attributive verbs
3606:relative pronouns
3579:Politeness suffix
3576:
3575:
3119:
3118:
2964:; retrospective (
2850:
2849:
2728:*This indicative
2725:
2724:
2266:
2265:
2261:politeness suffix
2025:Etymologically, '
1894:Subject honorific
1573:(formal polite),
1537:(formal polite),
1465:(formal polite),
814:
813:
809:politeness suffix
281:Korean verbs are
176:Yale romanization
165:
164:
79:
78:
71:
36:original research
4992:
4934:Other East Asian
4510:
4422:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4316:
4309:
4308:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4173:
4155:
4154:
4130:
4129:
4113:
4112:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4075:
4064:
4063:
4055:
4054:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4036:
4013:
4012:
4006:jal saenggyeotda
4004:
4003:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3965:
3964:
3945:
3944:
3934:meogeosseul ppap
3929:
3928:
3913:
3912:
3892:
3891:
3876:
3875:
3858:
3857:
3837:
3836:
3817:
3816:
3794:
3793:
3774:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3737:
3736:
3725:
3724:
3715:
3714:
3706:
3705:
3696:
3695:
3684:
3683:
3629:
3591:
3590:
3569:
3568:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3525:
3524:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3498:
3481:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3446:
3445:
3433:
3432:
3415:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3388:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3297:
3286:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3268:
3267:
3256:
3255:
3247:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3208:
3207:
3184:
3183:
3175:
3174:
3166:
3165:
3157:
3156:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3129:
3097:
3096:
3083:
3082:
3069:
3068:
3046:
3045:
3033:
3032:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2988:
2987:
2976:
2975:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2950:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2865:
2864:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2755:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2717:
2716:
2702:
2701:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2661:
2660:
2641:
2640:
2626:
2625:
2611:
2610:
2596:
2595:
2573:
2572:
2558:
2557:
2543:
2542:
2528:
2527:
2508:
2507:
2493:
2492:
2478:
2477:
2463:
2462:
2440:
2439:
2425:
2424:
2410:
2409:
2395:
2394:
2375:
2374:
2360:
2359:
2345:
2344:
2330:
2329:
2293:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2228:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2121:
2120:
2091:-eosseot/-asseot
2089:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2036:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1973:
1954:Tense and aspect
1946:
1945:
1934:
1933:
1926:. For instance,
1914:
1913:
1886:
1885:
1874:
1873:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1792:
1791:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1737:
1736:
1725:
1724:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1607:
1606:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1557:
1556:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1532:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1485:
1484:
1473:
1472:
1461:
1460:
1442:
1441:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1408:
1407:
1396:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1372:
1371:
1360:
1359:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1327:
1326:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1278:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1251:
1240:
1239:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1206:
1180:
1179:
1163:
1162:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1039:
1038:
1027:
1026:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1005:
994:
993:
981:
980:
960:
959:
953:
952:
948:
934:
933:
908:
907:
892:
891:
883:
882:
871:
870:
834:
833:
826:"not"; the word
825:
824:
717:
662:
661:
652:
651:
647:
638:
637:
625:
624:
615:
614:
610:
601:
600:
588:
587:
578:
577:
573:
564:
563:
551:
550:
541:
540:
536:
527:
526:
514:
513:
504:
503:
499:
490:
489:
472:
471:
462:
461:
457:
448:
447:
435:
434:
425:
424:
420:
411:
410:
389:
388:
383:
382:
378:
367:Samuel E. Martin
348:
347:
264:
263:
255:
254:
246:
245:
234:
233:
225:
224:
157:
150:
143:
81:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
51:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4945:
4929:
4923:irregular verbs
4891:
4885:deficient verbs
4858:
4832:
4826:
4790:
4760:
4734:
4713:
4697:
4640:
4553:auxiliary verbs
4531:
4501:
4480:
4428:
4413:
4407:
4352:
4343:
4313:
4312:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4140:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4057:gogireul meokko
4025:Verbs can take
4023:
3997:gong-eul chatda
3988:gyeorhon haetda
3948:
3932:
3916:
3897:yeppeudeon kkot
3895:
3881:meogeotdeon bap
3879:
3868:
3861:
3840:
3827:
3820:
3797:
3672:
3602:
3592:appears in the
3581:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3195:
3193:Pragmatic moods
3058:
3022:
2938:
2936:Syntactic moods
2891:, the syllable
2855:
2843:
2841:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2775:
2763:Intimate polite
2738:
2718:
2712:
2703:
2697:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2656:
2642:
2636:
2627:
2621:
2612:
2606:
2597:
2591:
2574:
2568:
2559:
2553:
2544:
2538:
2529:
2523:
2509:
2503:
2494:
2488:
2479:
2473:
2464:
2458:
2441:
2435:
2426:
2420:
2411:
2405:
2396:
2390:
2376:
2370:
2361:
2355:
2346:
2340:
2331:
2325:
2310:
2302:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2256:pragmatic moods
2251:syntactic moods
2223:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2107:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2058:
2046:
2042:
2041:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1977:infinitive form
1964:
1956:
1896:
1802:
1752:
1708:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1058:
1054:
1053:
950:
946:
945:
845:Valency may be
804:pragmatic moods
799:syntactic moods
705:
649:
645:
644:
612:
608:
607:
575:
571:
570:
538:
534:
533:
501:
497:
496:
459:
455:
454:
422:
418:
417:
380:
376:
375:
359:
357:Infinitive form
334:
318:
279:
238:"not to exist."
188:
172:Korean language
161:
75:
64:
58:
55:
40:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4998:
4996:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4980:Korean grammar
4972:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4809:
4804:
4798:
4796:
4795:Other European
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4748:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4541:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4440:
4438:
4419:
4416:proto-language
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4310:
4296:
4277:
4263:
4256:
4238:
4224:
4221:(26): 945β959.
4198:
4183:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4139:
4136:
4022:
4019:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3923:
3920:
3914:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3893:
3886:
3883:
3877:
3870:
3865:
3859:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3838:
3831:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3795:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3675:
3674:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3601:
3598:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3516:
3503:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3463:
3450:
3437:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3406:
3393:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3229:interrogatives
3194:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3088:
3074:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3037:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
2937:
2934:
2918:is written as
2854:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2836:
2825:
2804:
2784:
2781:interrogative/
2777:
2771:
2770:
2769:Casual polite
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2750:
2749:
2723:
2722:
2707:
2692:
2667:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2631:
2616:
2601:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2563:
2548:
2533:
2518:
2517:interrogative
2514:
2513:
2498:
2483:
2468:
2453:
2450:
2449:Retrospective
2446:
2445:
2430:
2415:
2400:
2385:
2384:interrogative
2381:
2380:
2365:
2350:
2335:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2222:
2219:
2148:-eotget/-atget
2106:
2103:
2057:
2054:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1906:The full form
1895:
1892:
1801:
1798:
1751:
1748:
1707:
1704:
1679:
1678:
1445:
1444:
1411:
1410:
1377:
1376:
1191:
1190:
1129:
1128:
1114:-sse-ss-key-ss
1076:, past-future
917:
916:
840:
839:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
782:
777:
772:
767:
760:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
731:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
704:
701:
697:combining stem
689:compound verbs
667:
666:
629:
592:
555:
518:
477:
476:
439:
358:
355:
333:
330:
317:
314:
278:
275:
270:
269:
239:
218:
211:
187:
186:Classification
184:
163:
162:
160:
159:
152:
145:
137:
134:
133:
132:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
88:
87:
85:Korean grammar
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4997:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4412:Indo-European
4410:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:Orthographies
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4306:
4300:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4281:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4242:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4199:
4194:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4172:
4169:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4150:
4145:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4058:
4049:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4007:
3998:
3989:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3853:
3851:Imperfective
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3687:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3586:
3578:
3572:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3546:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3476:
3464:
3462:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3371:Interrogative
3370:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3351:
3342:
3328:
3321:
3312:
3293:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3260:
3251:
3242:
3233:
3230:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3200:
3192:
3190:
3179:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3143:
3134:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3064:
3061:
3057:Formal polite
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:Retrospective
3012:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2995:
2992:
2983:
2979:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2954:
2946:
2943:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2899:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2742:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2681:
2668:
2666:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2298:Formal polite
2297:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2271:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2162:'ss-ess-keyss
2149:
2141:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2003:
1990:
1978:
1969:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1705:
1703:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1513:
1510:(formal) and
1504:
1495:
1492:
1491:interrogative
1488:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1122:-eosseotkket-
1115:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1001:
997:
988:
984:
975:
971:
970:vowel harmony
967:
963:
955:
941:
937:
929:
925:
921:
914:
913:
912:
911:
903:
899:
896:
887:
878:
874:
866:
862:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
837:
829:
820:
816:
815:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
765:
762:
761:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
732:
726:
721:
719:
718:
712:
710:
702:
700:
699:in Japanese.
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
665:
657:
653:
641:
633:
630:
628:
620:
616:
604:
596:
593:
591:
583:
579:
567:
559:
556:
554:
546:
542:
530:
522:
519:
517:
509:
505:
493:
485:
482:
481:
480:
475:
467:
463:
451:
443:
440:
438:
430:
426:
414:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
396:
395:vowel harmony
392:
384:
371:
368:
364:
356:
354:
351:
343:
339:
332:Citation form
331:
329:
327:
323:
316:Sound changes
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
276:
274:
267:
258:
249:
240:
237:
228:
219:
216:
212:
209:
205:
204:
203:
201:
197:
193:
185:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
158:
153:
151:
146:
144:
139:
138:
136:
135:
130:
127:
125:
124:Speech levels
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
109:Postpositions
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
90:
89:
86:
82:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
4951:Austronesian
4940:
4835:Derived stem
4634:irregularity
4400:
4391:Prepositions
4299:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4266:
4247:
4241:
4227:
4218:
4214:
4201:
4192:
4186:
4177:
4171:
4156:
4148:
4141:
4131:
4123:
4118:
4114:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4081:
4077:
4070:
4065:
4056:
4047:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4014:
4005:
3996:
3987:
3973:
3971:
3966:
3959:
3950:yeppeul kkot
3949:
3933:
3918:meogeul ppap
3917:
3896:
3880:
3863:meokdeon bap
3862:
3842:yeppeun kkot
3841:
3821:
3799:meogneun bap
3798:
3782:Descriptive
3765:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3731:
3726:
3717:
3707:
3689:
3685:
3678:
3618:
3613:
3603:
3584:
3582:
3570:
3562:
3552:
3536:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3500:
3492:
3482:
3465:
3460:
3452:
3447:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3416:
3408:
3403:
3395:
3390:
3382:
3349:
3331:
3329:
3319:
3300:
3291:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3199:declaratives
3196:
3188:
3177:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3149:contract to
3141:
3132:
3123:
3099:
3090:
3085:
3076:
3071:
3062:
3047:
3039:
3034:
3026:
3023:Formal plain
2993:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2966:imperfective
2956:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2929:
2925:
2897:
2866:
2858:
2856:
2844:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2822:
2806:
2801:
2786:
2779:declarative/
2751:
2740:
2729:
2719:
2709:
2704:
2694:
2689:
2669:
2664:
2653:
2643:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2613:
2603:
2598:
2588:
2585:propositive
2582:Subjunctive
2575:
2565:
2560:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2531:-(seu)pdikka
2530:
2521:-(su)pti kka
2520:
2510:
2500:
2495:
2485:
2480:
2470:
2465:
2455:
2452:declarative
2442:
2432:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2398:-(seu)mnikka
2397:
2388:-(su)pni kka
2387:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2347:
2337:
2332:
2322:
2319:declarative
2303:(book style)
2287:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2215:Vulgar Latin
2205:
2196:
2195:verb ending
2190:
2173:
2169:
2151:
2147:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2114:
2108:
2095:past perfect
2090:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2059:
2039:
2030:
2026:
2024:
1992:
1980:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1803:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1716:
1709:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1636:
1619:
1615:
1611:(familiar).
1608:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1574:
1565:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1522:(familiar);
1519:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1489:(familiar);
1486:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1447:
1446:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1414:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1380:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1230:imperfective
1220:
1211:
1208:
1200:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1126:-asseotkket-
1125:
1121:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1051:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1008:
999:
995:
986:
982:
973:
965:
961:
943:
935:
927:
924:gnomic tense
919:
918:
909:
901:
897:
894:
885:
876:
872:
864:
860:
859:
854:
842:
841:
835:
827:
818:
706:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:
663:
655:
643:
639:
631:
626:
618:
606:
602:
594:
589:
581:
569:
565:
557:
552:
544:
532:
528:
520:
515:
507:
495:
491:
483:
478:
473:
465:
453:
449:
441:
436:
428:
416:
412:
404:
399:
390:
374:
372:
362:
360:
349:
341:
335:
319:
295:
280:
271:
265:
256:
247:
235:
226:
189:
179:
166:
113:
65:
56:
33:
4906:conjugation
4863:NigerβCongo
4831:Afroasiatic
4815:conjugation
4779:conjugation
4686:conjugation
4682:Macedonian
4671:conjugation
4661:conjugation
4629:conjugation
4617:conjugation
4602:conjugation
4598:Portuguese
4592:conjugation
4582:conjugation
4567:conjugation
4548:conjugation
4520:conjugation
4495:conjugation
4464:conjugation
4381:Determiners
4361:Phonologies
4149:chac.ass.ta
4027:conjunctive
3822:meogeun bap
3810:Perfective
3670:attributive
3621:attributive
3608:. Instead,
3374:Imperative
3368:Propositive
3365:Declarative
3259:propositive
2900:written as
2783:imperative
2776:subjunctive
2774:indicative/
2650:imperative
2466:-(seu)pdida
2456:-(su)pti ta
2333:-(seu)mnida
2323:-(su)pni ta
2316:Indicative
2193:resultative
2182:inferential
2178:conditional
2170:-eosseotget
2099:remote past
1991:), forming
1784:reduces to
1524:propositive
1452:declarative
1364:reduces to
1331:reduces to
1270:subjunctive
1049:remote past
998:. The verb
900:reduces to
605:(copula) +
196:existential
4974:Categories
4754:pure verbs
4725:Hindustani
4718:Indo-Aryan
4676:morphology
4613:Sardinian
4572:morphology
4376:Adjectives
3483:-eora/-ara
3289:imperative
3287:; and the
3010:Indicative
2942:indicative
2823:-eoyo/-ayo
2690:-eora/-ara
2599:-(eu)psida
2589:-(u)psi ta
2566:-ten ka yo
2433:-nun ka yo
2113:suffix is
2097:or a more
2056:Pluperfect
1975:after the
1940:kyey'si ta
1794:-(eu)syeot
1786:-(u)sye-ss
1712:suppletive
1563:imperative
1268:; and the
1198:indicative
1088:-ss-key-ss
940:perfective
568:"stand" +
283:conjugated
198:, and the
129:Honorifics
119:Count word
43:improve it
4902:Japanese
4869:Chichewa
4822:Kabardian
4811:Georgian
4786:Hungarian
4656:Bulgarian
4449:auxiliary
4157:chajatda!
4111:λ§λμ λ°κ°μ΅λλ€
4062:λ΄κ° κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ¨Ήκ³
4015:saenggida
3533:Intimate
3489:Familiar
2853:Formality
2665:-(eu)psio
2654:-(u)psi o
2634:-s' ey yo
2576:-deongayo
2501:-t' ey yo
2443:-neungayo
2368:-n' ey yo
2348:-(neun)da
2338:-(nun) ta
2246:formality
2174:asseotget
2140:'ss-keyss
1813:causative
1648:after an
1096:-eotkket-
1070:-eosseot-
968:but with
910:-syeoss-.
898:-si-eoss-
851:causative
794:formality
780:honorific
709:predicate
531:"come" +
415:"know" +
287:verb stem
94:Phonology
47:verifying
4854:Tigrinya
4775:Finnish
4746:Armenian
4730:Sanskrit
4609:Romanian
4588:Occitan
4578:Italian
4544:Catalan
4426:Germanic
4396:Pronouns
4371:Grammars
4293:(4): 12.
3673:(tense)
3650:negative
3016:Jussive
2760:Intimate
2309:Familiar
2306:Familiar
2186:irrealis
1938:becomes
1706:Negation
1100:-atkket-
1074:-asseot-
1062:-ss-e-ss
764:negative
642:"use" +
452:"eat" +
268:"to do."
104:Numerals
99:Pronouns
59:May 2021
4959:Ilocano
4896:Japonic
4709:Persian
4702:Iranian
4693:Slovene
4624:Spanish
4537:Romance
4444:English
4348:of the
4305:"κ΅λ¦½κ΅μ΄μ"
4087:⁄
3906:Future
3660:valency
3559:Casual
3541:⁄
3470:⁄
3379:Polite
3337:⁄
3306:⁄
2991:jussive
2867:-(seu)p
2812:⁄
2792:⁄
2710:-key yo
2675:⁄
2561:-deonga
2551:-ten ka
2546:-deonya
2536:-ten ya
2428:-neunga
2418:-nun ka
2413:-neunya
2403:-nun ya
2311:polite
2279:⁄
2166:μμκ² /μμκ²
2157:⁄
2135:⁄
2083:'ss.ess
2078:⁄
2045:⁄
1997:⁄
1985:⁄
1948:gyesida
1809:passive
1805:Valency
1800:Valency
1782:-(eu)si
1625:⁄
1580:⁄
1118:μμκ² /μμκ²
1109:⁄
1083:⁄
1057:⁄
949:⁄
847:passive
775:valency
648:⁄
611:⁄
574:⁄
537:⁄
500:⁄
494:"go" +
458:⁄
421:⁄
379:⁄
326:lenited
200:copulas
170:in the
41:Please
4941:Korean
4873:tenses
4849:Hebrew
4844:Arabic
4807:Basque
4802:Adyghe
4769:Uralic
4750:Greek
4667:Czech
4649:Slavic
4562:French
4525:tenses
4516:Latin
4506:Italic
4491:Irish
4485:Celtic
4476:Gothic
4471:German
4460:Dutch
4431:strong
4254:
4138:Syntax
4053:κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ¨Ήκ³
4048:meokko
3967:-eoss-
3779:Active
3748:yeppeu
3718:-(eu)l
3699:gnomic
3632:Prefix
3553:-eo/-a
3423:Plain
3318:, and
3278:, and
3248:, and
3218:, and
3167:, and
3140:, and
2989:; and
2873:, the
2871:hangul
2859:-(su)p
2839:-ci yo
2802:-eo/-a
2766:Casual
2741:-(u)si
2659:(μΌ)γ
μμ€
2619:-s' ey
2594:(μΌ)γ
μλ€
2526:(μ€)γ
λκΉ
2486:-t' ey
2481:-deora
2471:-te la
2461:(μ€)γ
λλ€
2393:(μ€)γ
λκΉ
2353:-n' ey
2328:(μ€)γ
λλ€
2301:Formal
2288:-keyss
2115:-keyss
2111:future
2105:Future
1928:iss ta
1924:-(u)si
1900:-(u)si
1774:-(u)si
1729:, and
1400:, and
1209:-neun,
985:, and
936:-get-,
928:key-ss
902:sye-ss
895:sie-ss
873:-eusi-
789:aspect
734:Prefix
670:toy ta
474:meogeo
310:aspect
298:suffix
4880:Sotho
4739:Other
4454:modal
4401:Verbs
4386:Nouns
4346:Verbs
4211:(PDF)
4163:Notes
4002:μ μκ²Όλ€
3993:곡μ μ°Όλ€
3927:λ¨Ήμμ λ°₯
3890:μμλ κ½
3874:λ¨Ήμλ λ°₯
3727:-deon
3708:-neun
3665:tense
3594:lower
3479:μλΌ/μ΄λΌ
3315:μ΄λΌ/μλΌ
3048:-deon
3035:-neun
3007:Style
2994:-s(i)
2982:-t(i)
2978:-deon
2957:-n(i)
2953:-neun
2930:about
2845:-jiyo
2820:μ΄μ/μμ
2720:-geyo
2644:-seyo
2511:-deyo
2378:-neyo
2180:, or
2144:μκ² /μκ²
2087:μμ/μμ
1880:-chwu
1878:, or
1695:-i yo
1616:Style
1593:-eola
1589:μ΄λΌ/μλΌ
1374:-deo.
1362:-deon
1329:-neun
1317:-deon
1305:-neun
1256:, or
1242:-deon
1219:, or
1153:-seup
1092:μκ² /μκ²
1066:μμ/μμ
1041:haet-
1009:wa-ss
987:wa-ss
962:-eot-
938:past
785:tense
678:ha ta
674:doeda
466:mek.e
338:lemma
306:tense
302:voice
277:Forms
257:anida
236:eopda
192:state
168:Verbs
114:Verbs
4435:weak
4433:and
4252:ISBN
4153:μ°Ύμλ€!
4132:itda
4078:-seo
3984:κ²°νΌνλ€
3974:-ess
3943:μμ κ½
3911:λ¨Ήμ λ°₯
3856:λ¨Ήλ λ°₯
3835:μμ κ½
3815:λ¨Ήμ λ°₯
3792:λ¨Ήλ λ°₯
3766:kkot
3739:meok
3686:-eun
3655:ROOT
3644:III
3404:-kka
3320:-key
3040:-ten
3027:-nun
2970:-ten
2945:-nun
2745:(μΌ)μ
2730:-nun
2695:-key
2343:(λ)λ€
2270:-usi
2240:VII
2197:-key
2123:-get
2109:The
2070:-eot
2062:-ess
1962:Past
1936:itda
1908:-usi
1888:-chu
1868:-kwu
1790:(μΌ)μ
¨
1778:(μΌ)μ
1676:-ji.
1601:-key
1597:-ala
1434:and
1432:-d-,
1354:-ten
1321:-nun
1309:-ten
1307:and
1297:-nun
1234:-ten
1201:-nun
1175:the
1165:-eup
1145:-sup
1017:wat-
996:wat-
974:a-ss
865:-usi
770:ROOT
758:VII
682:hada
664:sseo
640:sseu
450:meok
429:al.a
391:eo/a
336:The
266:hada
227:itda
180:bold
4119:-go
4106:Seo
4102:-go
4098:seo
4039:-go
4011:μκΈ°λ€
3757:bap
3713:μ/γΉ
3614:who
3571:-ji
3549:μ΄/μ
3527:-ge
3519:key
3514:-ga
3461:-ya
3448:-ja
3435:-ra
3396:kka
3391:-da
3350:-ci
3345:μ΄/μ
3280:-ey
3271:-ca
3232:kka
3169:-s'
3151:-n'
3142:-si
3133:-ti
3124:-ni
3100:-si
3091:-si
3086:-di
3077:-ti
3072:-ni
3063:-ni
2998:μ/γ
2986:λ/γ·
2961:λ/γ΄
2909:μλλ€
2898:was
2885:or
2863:α/μ΅
2834:-ji
2828:-ci
2799:μ΄/μ
2705:-ge
2629:-se
2614:-ja
2604:-ca
2571:λκ°μ
2438:λκ°μ
2363:-ne
2286:or
2206:iss
2050:iss
2031:iss
2006:μ/μ
2002:'ss
1944:κ³μλ€
1917:-si
1876:-gu
1856:-wu
1847:-ki
1843:-ri
1835:-li
1826:-hi
1811:or
1763:or
1740:mos
1727:mot
1719:mos
1682:VII
1668:-ci
1657:or
1637:-eo
1609:-ge
1547:-ja
1539:-ca
1535:-da
1527:-ta
1520:-ga
1512:-ka
1494:kka
1475:-ra
1467:-la
1463:-da
1455:-ta
1402:-si
1398:-di
1390:-ti
1381:-ni
1283:or
1281:-si
1266:-d-
1254:-di
1212:-ni
1171:or
1157:-up
1033:hay
989:to
983:at-
976:to
966:-at
958:μ/μ
954:-ss
942:is
920:III
877:-si
849:or
836:mot
828:mos
746:III
680:νλ€
672:λλ€
656:sse
632:ssu
627:yeo
590:seo
566:seo
442:mek
437:ara
387:μ΄/μ
253:μλλ€
248:ida
178:in
45:by
4976::
4291:12
4289:.
4219:13
4217:.
4213:.
4134:.
4128:μλ€
4093:.
4044:λ¨Ήκ³
3744:μμ
3729:.
3690:-n
3641:II
3585:yo
3563:ci
3506:ka
3501:-e
3493:ey
3475:la
3453:ya
3440:ca
3427:la
3417:-o
3383:ta
3357:.
3327:.
3311:la
3299:,
3269:,
3262:ta
3257:;
3250:ka
3241:ya
3239:,
3227:;
3220:ey
3211:la
3209:,
3202:ta
3178:ey
3160:-t
3158:,
3131:,
3115:β
3098:*
3084:*
3070:*
3052:β
3001:.
2980:,
2968:)
2955:,
2926:to
2842:μ§μ
2817:yo
2715:κ²μ
2685:μ΄λΌ
2680:la
2662:**
2639:μΈμ
2556:λκ°
2541:λλ
2506:λ°μ
2496:de
2476:λλΌ
2423:λκ°
2408:λλ
2373:λ€μ
2284:ss
2237:VI
2231:IV
2217:.
2188:.
2172:/-
2101:.
2027:ss
2012:sΝ
1968:ss
1950:.
1932:μλ€
1919:.
1912:μΌμ
1866:,
1864:-u
1854:,
1845:,
1833:,
1824:,
1817:-i
1796:.
1765:wu
1744:an
1738:.
1731:an
1699:μ΄μ
1686:yo
1585:la
1559:-e
1551:ey
1503:ya
1501:,
1487:-e
1479:ey
1448:VI
1422:,
1415:-n
1388:,
1366:te
1352:,
1350:ra
1342:la
1273:si
1246:ti
1244:,
1232:)
1187:to
1173:ss
1136:-p
1132:IV
1029:ha
1021:ha
869:μΌμ
861:II
819:an
755:VI
749:IV
743:II
691:,
654:β
619:ye
617:β
582:se
580:β
558:se
553:wa
545:wa
543:β
516:ga
508:ka
506:β
492:ga
484:ka
470:λ¨Ήμ΄
464:β
433:μμ
427:β
413:al
405:al
363:ta
350:da
342:ta
262:νλ€
244:μ΄λ€
232:μλ€
223:μλ€
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4833:(
4437:)
4429:(
4418:)
4414:(
4338:e
4331:t
4324:v
4307:.
4274:.
4260:.
4235:.
4089:a
4085:e
4082:-
4074:μ
4035:κ³
3978:μ
3963:μ
3762:κ½
3753:λ°₯
3735:λ¨Ή
3723:λ
3716:(
3704:λ
3694:γ΄
3682:μ
3638:I
3635:0
3589:μ
3567:μ§
3543:a
3539:e
3523:κ²
3510:κ°
3497:μ
3472:a
3468:e
3457:μΌ
3444:μ
3431:λΌ
3413:μ€
3409:o
3400:κΉ
3387:λ€
3354:μ§
3339:a
3335:e
3332:-
3324:κ²
3308:a
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3301:-
3296:μ€
3292:o
3284:μ
3275:μ
3266:λ€
3254:κ°
3245:μΌ
3236:κΉ
3224:μ
3215:λΌ
3206:λ€
3185:.
3182:μ
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3164:γ·
3155:γ΄
3146:μ
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3128:λ
3122:*
3112:β
3109:β
3095:μ
3081:λ
3067:λ
3044:λ
3031:λ
2974:λ
2949:λ
2921:μ΅
2915:μ΅
2903:μ
2894:μ΅
2888:γ
2882:γ
2876:γ
2831:μ§
2814:a
2810:e
2807:-
2794:a
2790:e
2787:-
2748:.
2734:λ
2700:κ²
2677:a
2673:e
2670:-
2624:μΈ
2609:μ
2491:λ°
2358:λ€
2281:a
2277:e
2274:-
2234:V
2210:μ
2201:κ²
2159:a
2155:e
2152:-
2137:a
2133:e
2130:-
2119:κ²
2080:a
2076:e
2066:μ
2047:a
2043:e
2040:-
2035:μ
2018:t
1999:a
1995:e
1987:a
1983:e
1972:γ
1884:μΆ
1872:ꡬ
1860:μ°
1851:κΈ°
1839:리
1830:ν
1821:μ΄
1769:γ
1760:γ
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1756:i
1735:μ
1723:λͺ»
1693:(
1690:μ
1672:μ§
1663:γ
1659:o
1654:γ
1650:a
1645:μ
1641:a
1639:(
1633:μ΄
1627:a
1623:e
1620:-
1605:κ²
1595:/
1582:a
1578:e
1575:-
1570:μ€
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1543:μ
1531:λ€
1516:κ°
1507:μΌ
1498:κΉ
1483:μ
1471:λΌ
1459:λ€
1440:γ
1436:s
1428:γ·
1424:t
1419:γ΄
1406:μ
1394:λ
1385:λ
1370:λ
1358:λ
1346:λΌ
1337:γ΄
1333:n
1325:λ
1313:λ
1301:λ
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1098:/
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1025:ν
1013:μ
1004:μ€
1000:o
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951:a
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660:μ¨
650:a
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636:μ°
623:μ¬
613:a
609:e
603:i
599:μ΄
595:i
586:μ
576:a
572:e
562:μ
549:μ
539:a
535:e
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525:μ€
521:o
512:κ°
502:a
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488:κ°
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446:λ¨Ή
423:a
419:e
409:μ
381:a
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346:λ€
217:.
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156:e
149:t
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