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By the early twentieth century, Krupp armour was rendered obsolete by the development of Krupp cemented armour (also "Krupp cemented steel", "K.C. armor" or "KCA"), an evolved variant of Krupp armour. The manufacturing process remained largely the same, with slight changes in the alloy composition:
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Developments in face-hardened armour in the late nineteenth and early to mid-twentieth centuries revealed that such armour was less effective against glancing oblique impacts. The hardened face layer's brittleness was counterproductive against such impacts. Consequently, alongside face-hardened
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by heating the steel and placing charcoal on its surface for long periods (often several weeks), Krupp armour went a step further. Instead of inefficiently introducing carbon at the surface with coal, Krupp armour achieved greater depth of carbon
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types that combined ductility and tensile strength were developed to protect against glancing impacts. Homogeneous armour was typically used for deck armour, which is subject to more high-obliquity impacts and, on some warships such as
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KCA retained the hardened face of Krupp armour via the application of carbonized gases but also retained a much greater fibrous elasticity on the rear of the plate. This increased elasticity greatly reduced the incidence of
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Krupp armour was swiftly adopted by the world's major navies; ballistic tests showed that 10.2 inches (25.9 cm) of Krupp armour offered the same protection as 12 inches (30.4 cm) of Harvey armour.
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and cracking under incoming fire, a valuable quality during long engagements. Ballistic testing shows that KCA and Krupp armour were roughly equal in other respects.
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in % of total – carbon 0.35, nickel 3.90, chromium 2.00, manganese 0.35, silicon 0.07, phosphorus 0.025, sulfur 0.020.
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by rapidly heating the cemented face, allowing the high heat to penetrate 30% to 40% of the steel's depth, then quickly
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as the primary method of protecting naval ships, before itself being supplanted by the improved Krupp cemented armour.
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battleships, for lower belt armour below the waterline to protect against shells that land short and dive underwater.
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101:) to the heated steel. Once the carburization process was complete, the metal was then transformed into
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starting shortly before the end of the nineteenth century. It was developed by
Germany's
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TABLE OF METALLURGICAL PROPERTIES OF NAVAL ARMOR AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
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Morss, Stafford (2008). "Question 37/44: Armor
Backing of U.S. Warships".
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side then both sides of the steel with powerful jets of either water or
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The initial manufacturing of Krupp armour was very similar to
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Type of steel armour used in the construction of capital ships
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216:. Washington, DC: Office of Naval Intelligence. p. 190.
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Experimental 6 inch (150 mm) Krupp armour plate from 1898
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Gene Slover's US Navy Pages – Naval
Ordnance and Gunnery
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Okun, Nathan F. (1989). "Face
Hardened Armor, Part I".
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382:Patterson, John (1990). "Re: Face Hardened Armor".
340:Okun, Nathan F. (1990). "Re: Face Hardened Armor".
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169:Examples of such armour include German
177:(STS) and Class B homogeneous armour.
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93:by applying carbon-bearing gases (
84:Also, while Harveyized armour was
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1:
542:Pre-industrial armoured ships
142:Homogeneous Krupp-type armour
53:in 1893 and quickly replaced
233:"Naval Ordnance and Gunnery"
210:Mulligan, Richard T (1900).
196:Krupp Armor for Battle Ships
45:used in the construction of
257:. Caxton Publishing Group.
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253:Brown, David K. (2003).
213:Notes on Naval Progress
175:special treatment steel
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384:Warship International
363:Warship International
342:Warship International
321:Warship International
125:Krupp cemented armour
61:Original Krupp armour
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526:Armoured flight deck
503:Torpedo protection (
280:"Armour chapter XII"
147:armour such as KCA,
41:was a type of steel
103:face hardened steel
149:homogeneous armour
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67:Harveyized armour
16:(Redirected from
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505:Torpedo bulkhead
494:Armoured citadel
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51:Krupp Arms Works
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55:Harvey armour
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563:Naval armour
515:Torpedo belt
473:Krupp armour
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468:Harvey armor
458:Steel armour
440:technologies
438:naval armour
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313:Bibliography
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287:. Retrieved
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236:. Retrieved
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173:(Ww) and US
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43:naval armour
39:Krupp armour
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489:Belt armour
453:Iron armour
446:Composition
171:Wotan weich
111:superheated
91:cementation
18:Krupp armor
557:Categories
390:(2): 111.
348:(2): 111.
181:References
109:first the
86:carburized
396:0043-0374
375:0043-0374
354:0043-0374
333:0043-0374
107:quenching
99:acetylene
289:28 March
238:28 March
136:spalling
95:coal gas
79:hardness
71:chromium
535:History
482:Designs
199:. 1899.
73:to the
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155:Yamato
568:Krupp
388:XXVII
346:XXVII
164:class
157:class
75:alloy
392:ISSN
371:ISSN
350:ISSN
329:ISSN
325:XXVI
291:2015
259:ISBN
240:2016
162:Iowa
159:and
367:XLV
115:oil
97:or
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222:^
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429:e
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