642:
414:
182:
An expression that has been used by some native Polish-speakers to denote the mixing of Polish- and
English-language elements in oral or written speech is "half
2010:
382:
of
English words. A Polonian attempting to speak this kind of Polish-English melange in Poland would have great difficulty making themself understood.
156:. As with the mixing of other language pairs, the results of Poglish speech (oral or written) may sometimes be confusing, amusing, or embarrassing.
635:
424:
A large number of
English-derived neologisms exist in Polish, spoken especially by Poland's youth. Phonetically-read English words, such as "
1653:
1292:
2005:
1741:
1102:
599:, G.M., O.B.E., Croix de Guerre, with a Foreword by Francis Cammaerts, D.S.O., Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, U.S. Medal of Freedom
1703:
1274:
378:– especially those who have lived there a long time – speak Poglish on a daily basis. A most common feature of their Poglish is the
1561:
1545:
1142:
628:
1973:
1041:
999:
347:
270:
203:
225:
813:
395:
1634:
1573:
403:
in two versions: one rendered from the book's original
English-Russian melange into a Polish-Russian melange as
2000:
1833:
1369:
1363:
1253:
1357:
1257:
351:
1351:
1245:
1062:
869:
411:(A Wind-Up Orange, version A). The latter Polish-English version makes a fairly convincing Poglish text.
1920:
462:
1583:
1084:
608:
581:
539:
504:
418:
328:
110:
1660:
596:
525:
207:
1926:
1249:
125:
root. Such combining or confusion of Polish and
English elements, when it occurs within a single
78:
1857:
1772:
1735:
1423:
1334:
1208:
1136:
904:
613:
586:
544:
509:
467:
153:
1680:
1179:
1114:
457:
267:
229:
215:
86:
74:
1670:
1873:
1807:
1686:
1567:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1280:
1169:
1146:
1096:
715:
602:
390:
375:
293:
210:", or "word-for-word translation"— must be used with great care especially in relation to
82:
70:
56:
42:
1932:
1646:
1628:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1480:
1474:
1381:
1226:
1173:
1130:
1118:
1090:
1035:
1004:
703:
680:
472:
442:
400:
159:
Several portmanteau words have been formed, blending the words "Polish" and "English".
1994:
1511:
1486:
1441:
845:
825:
651:
447:
316:
114:
1579:
668:
437:
379:
320:
222:
122:
1845:
1196:
558:
1979:
1801:
1616:
1435:
1328:
1305:
1029:
863:
452:
359:
344:
340:
305:
239:
195:
138:
130:
66:
152:
in Polish and
English; and is a manifestation of a broader phenomenon, that of
1766:
1725:
1523:
1507:
1202:
1124:
841:
491:
Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity.
407:(A Mechanical Orange, version R); the other, into a Polish-English melange as
199:
1967:
1890:
1823:
1813:
1784:
1719:
1464:
1458:
1401:
1322:
1286:
1220:
1214:
1078:
1058:
991:
932:
922:
831:
802:
792:
786:
780:
756:
750:
744:
709:
324:
149:
142:
1851:
1963:
1942:
1839:
1827:
1760:
1731:
1713:
1640:
1622:
1555:
1551:
1529:
1517:
1468:
1397:
1163:
1108:
1072:
1068:
1023:
987:
963:
957:
951:
945:
916:
910:
900:
893:
875:
857:
851:
819:
808:
774:
768:
762:
738:
732:
691:
687:
674:
563:
301:
263:
90:
17:
1959:
1938:
1903:
1896:
1817:
1709:
1674:
1503:
1429:
1393:
1385:
1375:
1299:
981:
938:
926:
881:
837:
798:
697:
118:
98:
1778:
975:
969:
355:
298:
288:
219:
134:
102:
611:, "Krystyna Skarbek: Re-viewing Britain's Legendary Polish Agent,"
428:" ("shopping"), tend to occur, and are seen as slang expressions.
363:
243:
211:
106:
620:
312:
126:
94:
624:
238:
the sun" and astutely surmises that this is "possibly a direct
121:
words in senses that have diverged from those of the common
323:") which otherwise do not share, respectively, a common
266:) is, if anything, only marginally less absurd than its
1951:
1912:
1882:
1866:
1793:
1750:
1695:
1608:
1538:
1495:
1450:
1343:
1314:
1266:
1235:
1188:
1155:
1050:
1015:
724:
714:
Malay+Chinese+Javanese+Sundanese+Arabic+Dutch
658:
350:in English, traceable to the fact that both these
141:), may, inadvertently or deliberately, produce a
1664:
1028:South Sudan local languages
415:BBC Look North (East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire)
1566:Chinese+Javanese+Sundanese+Arabic+Dutch
636:
148:Poglish is a common phenomenon among persons
8:
60:
46:
590:, vol. XXVIII, no. 2, 1983, pp. 83–87.
417:Television produced a report on Poglish in
643:
629:
621:
617:, vol. XLIX, no. 3, 2004, pp. 945–53.
667:Cameroon Pidgin+French+English
530:, London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975, p. 182.
495:, 39(1): 29. DOI: 10.1075/eww.38.3.04lam
163:(from as early as 1975) was followed by
484:
421:, which has a large Polish population.
339:A remarkably high proportion of Polish
242:from the Polish". Indeed, the Polish
399:, has been translated into Polish by
7:
584:, "The Translator's Endless Toil,"
507:, "The Translator's Endless Toil,"
232:, quotes her as speaking of "lying
194:One of the two chief approaches to
2011:Polish-American culture in Chicago
696:Hebrew+Aramaic+German+Slavic
513:, vol. XXVIII, no. 2, 1983, p. 87.
25:
1832:Gallo-Italic languages
1645:Gallo-Italic languages
1244:American Sign Language
686:English+Chinese+Malay+Tamil
679:Italian+Spanish+French+Arab
548:, vol. XLIX, no. 3, 2004, p. 950.
27:Combination of Polish and English
1546:Malay trade and creole languages
405:Mechaniczna pomarańcza, wersja R
1685:Southeast Asian languages
1042:Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic
702:Chinese+Mongolian+Tibetan
1652:Hunsrückisch German
1000:English-based creole languages
409:Nakręcana pomarańcza, wersja A
304:– are attributable not to mis-
1:
708:Chinese+Tagalog+English
376:Polish expatriates in Chicago
1822:Italian languages
1656:(when Portuguese-influenced)
1649:(when Portuguese-influenced)
1368:Romance languages
1362:Iranian languages
1356:Aramaic languages
1295:(when Portuguese-influenced)
673:Bengali+Persian+Arabic
308:but to confusion of similar-
1550:English+Chinese+Tamil
1350:Arabic languages
113:production, or the use of "
2027:
2006:Macaronic forms of English
1659:Bantu languages
1574:Sri Lankan Malay
559:"Giving voice to Ponglish"
218:, in her biography of the
1067:English+Malay+Tamil
595:Christine: a Search for
542:, "Krystyna Skarbek...,"
524:Christine: a Search for
1370:Judaeo-Romance languages
1364:Judaeo-Iranian languages
1254:Philippine Sign Language
202:"— also referred to as "
109:, etc.) within a single
1777:Norwegian+Swedish
1771:Norwegian+Spanish
1765:Norwegian+Russian
1627:Italian languages
1358:Judeo-Aramaic languages
1258:Malaysian Sign Language
1089:Mongolian+Tibetan
352:Indo-European languages
77:. It is the product of
1665:
1352:Judeo-Arabic languages
1246:Bolivian Sign Language
1063:Chinese Pidgin English
343:actually have precise
291:substitutions made by
262:the sun", that is, to
99:grammatical structures
61:
47:
1889:Chinese+English
1783:Swedish+English
1572:Sinhalese+Tamil
1113:Inter-topolects
1077:English+Tagalog
755:Chinese+Tagalog
463:Language interference
186:" ("half-and-half").
154:language interference
1759:Danish+English
1629:Macaronic Portuguese
1584:North Moluccan Malay
1475:Macaronic Portuguese
1141:Malay+Javanese
870:Manglish (Malayalam)
609:Christopher Kasparek
582:Christopher Kasparek
540:Christopher Kasparek
505:Christopher Kasparek
419:Boston, Lincolnshire
1641:Dekasegi Portuguese
1623:Porglish/Portuglish
1518:Dekasegi Portuguese
597:Christine Granville
526:Christine Granville
208:literal translation
1927:Canadian Ukrainian
1802:Portuñol/Portunhol
1635:Bengali Portuguese
1617:Portuñol/Portunhol
1250:Thai Sign Language
1225:Gallo-Italic
1040:Jordanian+Bengali
593:Madeleine Masson,
522:Madeleine Masson,
493:English World-wide
396:A Clockwork Orange
386:In popular culture
204:formal equivalence
103:syntactic elements
67:blend of two words
1988:
1987:
1846:Frespañol/Fragnol
1736:Solombala English
1671:Gira da Tabatinga
1598:Makassarese
1335:Cappadocian Greek
1209:Meridional French
1197:Frespañol/Fragnol
1137:Tangwang language
915:Singaporean
905:Solombala English
614:The Polish Review
587:The Polish Review
545:The Polish Review
510:The Polish Review
468:Language transfer
297:– members of the
16:(Redirected from
2018:
1919:Belarusian
1800:Portuguese
1718:Belarusian
1681:Judeo-Portuguese
1668:
1516:Portuguese
1473:Portuguese
1291:Portuguese
974:Vietnamese
892:Portuguese
645:
638:
631:
622:
569:
568:
555:
549:
537:
531:
520:
514:
502:
496:
489:
458:Language contact
370:"Chicago Polish"
230:Krystyna Skarbek
216:Madeleine Masson
87:English-language
64:
53:język polgielski
50:
33:, also known as
21:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2001:Polish language
1991:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1947:
1908:
1878:
1874:Te Parau Tinito
1862:
1856:Norwegian
1808:Belgranodeutsch
1789:
1752:
1746:
1724:Norwegian
1708:Ukrainian
1704:Deutschrussisch
1691:
1687:Macanese Patois
1661:Cafundó dialect
1604:
1562:Baba Malay
1534:
1491:
1446:
1414:Judeo-Malayalam
1412:Malayalam
1408:Judaeo-Georgian
1339:
1310:
1281:Belgranodeutsch
1275:Deutschrussisch
1262:
1237:
1231:
1184:
1151:
1143:Baba Malay
1097:Hezhou language
1046:
1011:
874:Malaysian
868:Malayalam
818:Hungarian
720:
660:
654:
649:
603:Hamish Hamilton
578:
573:
572:
557:
556:
552:
538:
534:
521:
517:
503:
499:
490:
486:
481:
434:
391:Anthony Burgess
388:
372:
337:
287:Some erroneous
285:
283:"False friends"
192:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1838:Galician
1836:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1639:Japanese
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1600:Makassar Malay
1596:
1590:
1588:Ambonese Malay
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1481:Fiuman dialect
1479:Croatian
1477:
1471:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1416:
1410:
1406:Georgian
1404:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1382:Judaeo-Spanish
1378:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1227:Franco-Italian
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1201:Japanese
1199:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:Javanese
1176:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1133:
1131:Maojia dialect
1127:
1121:
1119:Shaozhou Tuhua
1111:
1107:Japanese
1105:
1099:
1093:
1091:Wutun language
1087:
1081:
1075:
1065:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1036:Cypriot Arabic
1032:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1005:Englishization
1002:
994:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
935:
929:
919:
913:
909:Sicilian
907:
897:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
836:Japanese
834:
828:
822:
816:
814:Hong Kong
811:
805:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
728:
726:
722:
721:
719:
718:
712:
706:
704:Wutun language
700:
694:
684:
677:
671:
664:
662:
656:
655:
652:Interlanguages
650:
648:
647:
640:
633:
625:
619:
618:
606:
591:
577:
574:
571:
570:
550:
532:
515:
497:
483:
482:
480:
477:
476:
475:
473:Mixed language
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
443:Code-switching
440:
433:
430:
401:Robert Stiller
387:
384:
371:
368:
362:, on the same
336:
333:
317:false cognates
284:
281:
191:
190:Mis-metaphrase
188:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2023:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1974:Scots Yiddish
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1958:English
1957:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1937:Russian
1936:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1925:English
1924:
1922:
1921:West Polesian
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:Visayan
1901:
1898:
1895:English
1894:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1850:Guarani
1849:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1812:English
1811:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1740:Chinese
1739:
1737:
1733:
1730:English
1729:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1633:Bengali
1632:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1621:English
1620:
1618:
1615:Spanish
1614:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1578:Ternate
1577:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1560:Chinese
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:Chinese
1527:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1512:Bonin English
1509:
1505:
1502:English
1501:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1487:Judeo-Italian
1484:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1463:Spanish
1462:
1460:
1457:English
1456:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1442:Judeo-Marathi
1439:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:English
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:Spanish
1379:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1333:Turkish
1332:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1321:English
1320:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:Yiddish
1303:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1285:English
1284:
1282:
1279:Spanish
1278:
1276:
1273:Russian
1272:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1213:English
1212:
1210:
1207:Occitan
1206:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1195:Spanish
1194:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1162:English
1161:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1129:Hmongic
1128:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1101:Russian
1100:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1083:Tibetan
1082:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1057:English
1056:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1022:English
1021:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
993:
989:
986:Yiddish
985:
983:
980:Visayan
979:
977:
973:
971:
967:
965:
962:Turkish
961:
959:
955:
953:
949:
947:
943:
940:
937:Tagalog
936:
934:
931:Swedish
930:
928:
924:
921:Spanish
920:
918:
914:
912:
908:
906:
902:
899:Russian
898:
895:
891:
889:
885:
883:
880:Namibia
879:
877:
873:
871:
867:
865:
862:Maltese
861:
859:
855:
853:
850:Kannada
849:
847:
846:Bonin English
843:
839:
835:
833:
830:Italian
829:
827:
823:
821:
817:
815:
812:
810:
806:
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773:Finnish
772:
770:
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749:Chinese
748:
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737:Bengali
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567:. 2008-07-10.
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448:False friends
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335:Latin calques
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321:false friends
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128:
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116:
115:false friends
112:
108:
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100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:macaronically
76:
72:
68:
63:
58:
54:
49:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
1978:German
1931:Polish
1844:French
1806:German
1751:Scandinavian
1702:German
1679:Hebrew
1580:Manado Malay
1522:French
1485:Hebrew
1428:Slavic
1374:German
1327:Hebrew
1298:Hebrew
1219:Hebrew
1095:Uyghur
950:Telugu
887:
886:Polish
856:Korean
797:Hebrew
785:German
779:French
761:Danish
731:Arabic
669:Camfranglais
612:
594:
585:
562:
553:
543:
535:
523:
518:
508:
500:
492:
487:
438:Bilingualism
425:
423:
413:
408:
404:
394:
389:
380:Polonization
373:
358:, since the
345:metaphrastic
338:
327:or a common
309:
292:
286:
275:
274:
258:
257:
253:
250:
247:
234:
233:
223:World War II
193:
183:
181:
176:
175:(2002), and
172:
168:
164:
160:
158:
147:
137:(e.g., in a
123:etymological
52:
38:
34:
30:
29:
1980:Lachoudisch
1972:Scots
1592:Dutch
1440:Indic
1434:Greek
1418:Tatar
1329:Judeo-Greek
1306:Lachoudisch
1236:French Sign
1168:Malay
1135:Santa
1034:Greek
1030:Juba Arabic
944:Tamil
896:/Portuglish
864:Maltenglish
824:Irish
807:Hindi
791:Greek
767:Dutch
743:Czech
453:Hybrid word
360:Middle Ages
348:equivalents
256:" ("to lie
240:translation
196:translation
139:hybrid word
1995:Categories
1767:Russenorsk
1726:Russenorsk
1609:Portuguese
1524:Franponais
1508:Wasei-eigo
1203:Franponais
1125:E language
996:See also:
968:Urdu
956:Thai
842:Wasei-eigo
826:Béarlachas
601:, London,
576:References
354:have been
306:metaphrase
279:the sun".
273:, "to lie
271:equivalent
200:metaphrase
89:elements (
1968:Yeshivish
1913:Ukrainian
1891:Hokaglish
1858:Norspañol
1824:Cocoliche
1814:Spanglish
1785:Swenglish
1773:Norspañol
1753:languages
1720:Trasianka
1465:Cocoliche
1459:Itanglese
1402:Yeshivish
1323:Greeklish
1287:Denglisch
1221:Zarphatic
1215:Franglais
1123:Tai
1079:Hokaglish
1059:Chinglish
992:Yeshivish
933:Swenglish
923:Spanglish
832:Itanglese
803:Yeshivish
793:Greeklish
787:Denglisch
781:Franglais
757:Hokaglish
751:Chinglish
745:Czenglish
710:Hokaglish
661:languages
659:Multiple
393:' novel,
325:etymology
310:appearing
179:(2006).
150:bilingual
143:neologism
91:morphemes
62:Ponglisch
1964:Yinglish
1943:Balachka
1867:Tahitian
1840:Castrapo
1828:Lunfardo
1761:Danglish
1732:Runglish
1714:Balachka
1556:Manglish
1552:Singlish
1530:Kyowa-go
1496:Japanese
1469:Lunfardo
1424:Krymchak
1398:Yinglish
1238:Language
1164:Dunglish
1109:Kyowa-go
1073:Manglish
1069:Singlish
1024:Arablish
988:Yinglish
964:Turklish
958:Tinglish
952:Tenglish
946:Tanglish
917:Singlish
911:Siculish
901:Runglish
894:Porglish
876:Manglish
858:Konglish
852:Kanglish
820:Hunglish
809:Hinglish
775:Finglish
769:Dunglish
763:Danglish
739:Banglish
733:Arablish
692:Manglish
688:Singlish
675:Dobhashi
564:BBC News
432:See also
302:diaspora
264:sunbathe
173:Ponglish
171:(1997),
169:Polilish
167:(1984),
165:Pinglish
161:Polglish
117:" or of
65:), is a
48:polglisz
39:Ponglish
35:Polglish
18:Ponglish
1966:,
1962:,
1960:Heblish
1952:Yiddish
1941:,
1939:Surzhyk
1904:Bisalog
1899:/Englog
1897:Taglish
1883:Tagalog
1834:Chipilo
1826:,
1818:Llanito
1816:,
1794:Spanish
1742:Kyakhta
1734:,
1712:,
1710:Surzhyk
1696:Russian
1675:Kalunga
1666:cupópia
1654:Hunsrik
1582:,
1510:,
1506:,
1504:Engrish
1467:,
1451:Italian
1436:Yevanic
1430:Knaanic
1422:,
1400:,
1396:,
1394:Heblish
1386:Haketia
1384:,
1376:Yiddish
1300:Yiddish
1293:Hunsrik
1180:Javindo
1172:,
1145:,
1117:,
1115:Linghua
1103:Kyakhta
1061:,
1051:Chinese
990:,
982:Bislish
941:/Englog
939:Taglish
927:Llanito
925:,
903:,
888:Poglish
882:Namlish
844:,
840:,
838:Engrish
801:,
799:Heblish
725:English
698:Yiddish
605:, 1975.
426:szoping
366:roots.
356:calqued
329:meaning
294:Polonia
289:lexemic
268:English
177:Poglish
119:cognate
83:Polish-
81:mixing
75:English
31:Poglish
1852:Jopará
1779:Svorsk
1647:Talian
1568:Betawi
1420:Karaim
1344:Hebrew
1267:German
1189:French
1170:Betawi
1147:Betawi
1085:Daohua
1016:Arabic
976:Vinish
970:Urdish
716:Betawi
299:Polish
254:słońcu
248:leżeć
228:agent
226:S.O.E.
220:Polish
212:idioms
184:na pół
135:phrase
111:speech
107:idioms
71:Polish
57:German
43:Polish
1933:Balak
1594:Petjo
1539:Malay
1315:Greek
1174:Petjo
1156:Dutch
681:Sabir
479:Notes
374:Some
364:Latin
341:terms
313:words
244:idiom
133:, or
95:words
69:from
1554:and
1071:and
690:and
319:or "
206:", "
131:term
127:word
85:and
73:and
37:and
1669:),
528:...
214:.
198:, "
1997::
1673:,
1586:,
1256:,
1252:,
1248:,
561:.
331:.
276:in
259:on
251:na
235:on
145:.
129:,
105:,
101:,
97:,
93:,
59::
55:;
51:,
45::
1663:(
683:†
644:e
637:t
630:v
315:(
246:"
41:(
20:)
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